Electrical Circuits

UNIT I: Basic circuit Analysis and Simplification Techniques

MCQ’S

1. KCL is based on the fact that

a) There is a possibility for a node to store energy.
b) There cannot be an accumulation of charge at a node.
c) Charge accumulation is possible at node
d) Charge accumulation may or may not be possible.

Answer: b
Explanation: Since the node is not a circuit element, any charge which enters node must leave
immediately.

2. Relation between currents according to KCL is

a) i1=i2=i3=i4=i5
b) i1+i4+i3=i5+i2
c) i1-i5=i2-i3-i4
d) i1+i5=i2+i3+i4

Answer: d
Explanation: According to KCL, entering currents=leaving currents.

3. The algebraic sum of voltages around any closed path in a network is equal to

a) Infinity
b) 1
c) 0
d) Negative polarity

Answer: c
Explanation: According to KVL, the sum of voltages around the closed path in a network is zero.
4. Calculate potential difference between x and y

a) 4.275v
b) -4.275v
c) 4.527v
d) -4.527v

Answer: b
Explanation:

I1 = 3/3+5 = 3/8 = 0.375Ω

I2 = 4/5 = 0.8Ω
Vxy = vx – vy
Vx + 5I1 + 4 – 2I2 – vy = 0
Vx – vy = 2I2 – 4 – 5I1 = -4.275Ω

5. Find R

a) 17.5 Ω
b) 17.2 Ω
c) 17.4 Ω
d) 17.8 Ω

Answer: a
Explanation:

KVL: 70 – 5I – 7(I – 2) = 0
I = 7A
KVL to 2nd loop: 7(I – 2) – 2R = 0
R=17.5Ω

6. Determine currents I1 , I2 and I3.

a) -3.3A, -8.5A, 2.4A

b) 3A, -8A, 2A
c) 3.3A, 8.5A, -2.4A
d) 3.2A, 8.6A, 2.3A

Answer: c
Explanation:

I1 = I1 – I2 + 8 + I3 + 3
I2 – I3 = 11 -> 1
And -11 I1 – 7(I1 – I2) = 0
-18 I1 + 7 I2 = 0 -> 2
And -11 I1 – 15 I3 =0 -> 3
Solving I1 = 3.32A I2 = 8.5A I3 = -2.4A.

7. All are loops but are not meshes

a) Loops, Meshes
b) Meshes, loops
c) Branches, loops
d) Nodes, Branches

Answer: b
Explanation: A mesh cannot be divided further in loops.

8. Solve for I.

Solve for I.
a) -0.5A
b) 0.5A
c) -0.2A
d) 0.2A

Answer: a

Explanation: Veq = 10 + 5 -20 = -5u

Req = 5 + 2 + 3 = 10Ω
I = V/R = -5/10 = -0.5A.

9. The basic laws for analyzing an electric circuit are :-

a) Einstein’s theory
b) Newtons laws
c) Kirchhoff’s laws
d) Faradays laws

Answer: c
Explanation: Kirchhoff’s laws are used for analyzing an electric circuit.
10. A junction where two (or) more than two network elements meet is known as a

a) Node
b) Branch
c) Loop
d) Mesh

Answer: a
Explanation: Node is a junction where two or more than two network elements meet.

11. What is the other name for Dependent sources?

a) Uncontrolled sources
b) Time response elements
c) Steady state elements
d) Controlled sources

Answer: d
Explanation: Dependant sources are also known as Controlled sources as there are controlled by
other elements present in the circuit.

12. The analysis of a circuit containing dependent sources can be done using nodal and mesh
analysis.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: The analysis of a circuit containing dependent sources can be completed using nodal
and mesh analysis with the help of Kirchhoff’s laws and also by using various circuit theorems.

13. Dependent sources are types.

a) 3
b) 2
c) 4
d) 1

Answer: c
Explanation: Dependent sources are 4 types. Voltage controlled voltage/current source and current
controlled current/voltage source.

14. Nodal analysis is mainly based on _

a) KCL
b) KVL
c) Wheatstone bridge principle
d) Faraday’s electric laws
Answer: a
Explanation: Nodal analysis or Node-Voltage method is done by identifying the currents at the
node and thereby forming equations.

15. The loop which does not contain any other inner loop is known as
a) A node
b) A mesh
c) A branch
d) A super mesh

Answer: b
Explanation: A mesh is defined as a loop which does not contain any other loop within it.

16. A Supermesh is formed between two loops which share a common voltage source.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Meshes that share a current source with other meshes, none of which contains a
current source in the outer loop, forms a supermesh.

17. Consider the circuit shown below. The number mesh equations that can be formed are?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: We know if there are n loops in the circuit, n mesh equations can be formed. So as
there are 2 loops in the circuit. So 2 mesh equations can be formed.
18. Find current through R2 resistor.

a) 3
b) 3.25
c) 3.5
d) 3.75

Answer: d
Explanation: Applying mesh analysis, 5(I1) + 2(I1-I2) = 10. 10(I2) + 2(I2-I1) + 40 = 0. On solving,
I1 = 0.5A, I2 = -3.25A. So current through R2 resistor is 0.5-(-3.25) = 3.75 A.

19. In Superposition theorem, while considering a source, all other voltage sources are?
a) open circuited
b) short circuited
c) change its position
d) removed from the circuit

Answer: b
Explanation: In Superposition theorem, while considering a source, all other voltage sources are
short circuited. This theorem is valid for linear systems.

20. In the circuit shown, find the current through 3Ω resistor using Superposition theorem.

a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7

Answer: b
Explanation: Considering the voltage source 20V, 5A current source is open circuited.
Now current through 3Ω resistor is 20/(5+4)=2.22A.
Now considering the current source 5A, 20V voltage source is short circuited.

No current through 3Ω resistor is 5× 5/(4+5)=2.78A. Now finally the current through 3Ω resistor
is 2.22 + 2.78 = 5A.

21. Consider the circuit shown below. Find the equivalent Thevenin’s voltage between nodes A
and B.

a) 8
b) 8.5
c) 9
d) 9.5

Answer: b
Explanation: The thevenin’s voltage is equal to the open circuit voltage across the terminals AB
that is across 12Ω resistor. Vth = 10×12/14 = 8.57V.

22. Find the current flowing between terminals A and B.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: d
Explanation: Short circuiting terminals A and B, 20-10(I1)=0, I1=2A. 10-5(I2), I2=2A. Current
flowing through terminals A and B= 2+2 = 4A.

23. The maximum power is delivered from a source to its load when the load resistance is
the source resistance.
a) greater than
b) less than
c) equal to
d) less than or equal to

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum power is delivered from a source to its load when the load resistance
is equal to the source resistance. The maximum power transfer theorem can be applied to both dc
and ac circuits.

24. If source impedance is complex, then maximum power transfer occurs when the load
impedance is the source impedance.
a) equal to
b) negative of
c) complex conjugate of
d) negative of complex conjugate of

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum power transfer theorem can be applied to complex impedance
circuits. If source impedance is complex, the maximum power transfer occurs when the load
impedance is complex conjugate of the source impedance.

25. Find the current i3 in the circuit shown below

a) 2A
b) 1A
c) 3A
d) 0.5A

Answer: c
Explanation: By applying the KCL at the node in the circuit , 5A = 2A +i3.
26. Kirchhoff’s current law is applied at
a) loops
b) nodes
c) both loop and node
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Kirchhoff’s current law can be applicable to nodes only.

27. If innumerable branches are present in parallel configuration in a network, which method
approves to be extensively beneficial for network analysis?

a. Node method
b. Mesh method
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANS: B

28. Under which conditions does the source transformation technique remain directly
unapplicable?

a. Only in the absence of impedance in series with a voltage source

b. Only in the absence of impedance in parallel with a current source
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANS: C

29. How is the loop analysis different in application/functioning level as compared to Kirchoff's
law?

a. Utilization of loop currents instead of branch currents for writing equations

b. Capability of branch current to carry multiple networks
c. Reduction in the number of unknowns for complex networks
d. All of the above

ANS : D

30. Which law plays a significant role in the loop analysis of the network?
a. KCL
b. KVL
c. Law of Superposition Theorem
d. None of the above

ANS : B

31. In any linear network, the elements like inductor, resistor and capacitor always

a. Exhibit changes due to change in temperature

b. Exhibit changes due to change in voltage
c. Exhibit changes due to change in time
d. Remains constant irrespective of change in temperature, voltage and time

ANS: D

32. The superposition theorem applicable to

A. Voltage only

B. Current only

C. Both current and voltage

D. Current, voltage and power

ANS: D

33.The superposition theorem requires as many circuits to be solved as there are

A. Sources, nodes and meshes

B. Sources and nodes

C. Sources

D. Nodes

ANS: C

34. Superposition theorem is not applicable for

 A. Voltage calculations

B. Bilateral elements

C. Power calculations

D. Passive elements

ANS: C

35. Thevenin's resistance Rth is found

A. By removing voltage sources along with their internal resistances

B. By short-circuiting the given two terminals

C. Between any two open terminals

D. Between same open terminals as for Eth

ANS: D

36. Application of Norton's theorem to a circuit field

A. Equivalent current source and impedence in series

B. Equivalent current source and impedence in parallel

C. Equivalent impedence

D. Equivalent current source

ANS: A

37. Norton's equivalent resistance is the .............. as Thevenin's equivalent resistance.

A. Not same

B. Same

C. Both A and B

D. None of the above

ANS:B

38.theorem is quite useful when the current in one branch of a network is to be

determined or when the current in an added branch is to be calculated.
 A. Norton

B. Thevenin

C. Superposition

D. Maximum Power Transfer

ANS: B

39. Superposition theorem can be applied only to circuits having

A. Resistive elements

B. Passive elements

C. Non-linear elements

D. Linear bilateral elements

ANS: D

40. The superposition theorem is applicable to

A. Linear,non-linear and time variant responses

B. Linear,non-linear resistors only

C. Linear responses only

D. None of the above

ANS:C

41. Maximum power output is obtained from a network when the load resistance is equal the
output resistance of the network as seen from the terminals of the load". The above statement is
associated with

A. Milliman's Theorem

B. Thevenin's Theorem

C. Superposition Theorem

D. Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

ANS: D

42. For maximum transfer of power, internal resistance of the source should be

A. Equal to the load resistance

B. Less than the load resistance

C. Greater than the load resistance

D. None of the above

ANS: A

43.theorem is particularly useful for analyzing communication networks.

A. Milliman's Theorem

B. Thevenin's Theorem

C. Superposition Theorem

D. Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

ANS: D

44. For transfer of maximum power, the relation between load resistance R and internal resistance
r of the voltage source is

a. R = 2r

b. R = 1.5r

c. R = r

d. R = 0.5r

Answer: ( c )

The maximum power transfer theorem states that in a linear , bilateral DC network , maximum power is
delivered to the load when the load resistance is equal to the internal resistance of a source.

45. What will be the value of equivalent single source, if the two voltage sources connected in
series combination possess equal or similar polarity?

a. Addition of two sources with polarities similar to that of two sources

b. Addition of two sources with opposite polarity
c. Difference between the two sources with polarities similar to that of two sources
d. Difference between the two sources with polarities similar to that of greater among the two
sources
 ANSWER: a

46. The superposition theorem is used when the circuit contains _

a. A single voltage sources

b. A number of voltage sources
c. Only passive elements
d. None of the above

ANS-b

47. If there are N nodes in a circuit, then the number of nodal equations that can be formed are?

a. N+1
b. N
c. N-1
d. N-2

Ans-C

48. In the analysis of a vacuum tube circuit,we generally use theorem.

a. Superposition
b. Thevinin
c. Norton
d. Reciprocity

Ans- B

49. The circuit which satisfies Reciprocity Theorem is called

a. Short circuit
b. Open circuit
c. Linear circuit
d. Non-linear circuit

Ans-C

50. If there are 3 nodes in a circuit, then the number of nodal equations that can be formed are?

a. 3
b. 2
c. 4
d. 1

Ans- B

51. What is the potential value of a reference or datum node used in the node analysis of a
network?

a. ZERO
b. UNITY
c. Greater than zero but less than infinity
d. Unpredictable
Ans- A

52. Which law states that the sum of the currents entering into any node is equal to the sum of the
currents leaving that node

a. KVL
b. KCL
c. Maximum power transfer theorem
d. Thevenin's theorem

Ans- B

53. Which application are applicable for Kirchoff’s law?

a. Utilization of loop currents instead of branch currents for writing equations

b. Capability of branch current to carry multiple networks
c. Reduction in the number of unknowns for complex networks
d. All of the above

Ans- D

54. If there are 5 nodes in a circuit, then the number of nodal equations that can be formed are?

a. 5
b. 2
c. 4
d. 1

Ans- C

55. Which type of networks allow the physical separability of the network elements (resistors,
inductors & capacitors) for analysis purpose?

a. Lumped Networks
b. Distributed Networks
c. Unilateral Networks
d. Bilateral Networks

Ans- A
 Electrical Circuits
UNIT II: Transient Analysis of Basic RL, RC and RLC Circuits
MCQ’S

1. An RL network is one which consists of

a) Resistor and capacitor in parallel
b) Resistor and capacitor in series
c) Resistor and inductor in parallel
d) Resistor and inductor in series

Answer: d

Explanation: An R-L network is a network which consists of a resistor which is connected in

series to an inductor.

2. If the switch is opened at t=0, what is the current in the circuit?

a) 0A
b) 1A
c) 2A
d) 3A

Answer: c

Explanation: Initially when switch was closed, current in the inductor was 60/30=2A.
Current in inductor doesn’t change suddenly so when switch is opened, current in inductor
remains same i.e. 2A.

3. In an RL series circuit, when the switch is closed and the circuit is complete, what is the
response?
a) Response does not vary with time
b) Decays with time
c) Increases with time
d) First increases, then decrease

Answer: b
Explanation: In an RL series circuit, the response decays with time because according to the
equation, there is an exponential decrease in the response.

4. If the switch is closed at t=0, what is the current in the circuit?

a) 0A
b) 10A
c) 20A
d) 30A

Answer: a

Explanation: Initially, when the switch is open, the current in the circuit is 0. As soon as the
switch is closed at t=0+, the inductor acts as an open circuit, hence the current in the circuit is
zero. Since the current in the circuit is zero, there is no voltage drop across the resistor and hence
voltage across the inductor is equal to the supply voltage, i.e. 60V.

5. What is the voltage across the inductor at t=0?

a) 0V
b) 20V
c) 60V
d) 58V

Answer: c

Explanation: Initially, when the switch is open, the current in the circuit is 0. As soon as the
switch is closes at t=0+, the inductor acts as an open circuit, hence the current in the circuit is
zero. Since the current in the circuit is zero, there is no voltage drop across the resistor and the
voltage across the inductor is equal to the supply voltage, which is equal to 60V.

6. What is the expression for current in the given circuit?

a) i=2(e-2t) A
b) i=2(1-e-2t)A
c) i=2(e2t)A
d) i=2(1+e-2t)A

Answer: b

Explanation: Applying KVL in above circuit, we get

60-30i-15di/dt =0
i=2(1-e-2t) A

7. What is the expression for voltage in the given circuit?

a) V=60e-0.5t
b) V=30e-0.5t
c) V=60e-2t
d) V=30e-2t

Answer: c

Explanation: Applying KVL in above circuit, we get

60-30i-15di/dt = 0
i=2(1-e-2t)A
di/dt = 4e-2t
V=Ldi/dt=15*4e--2t=60e-2t.

8. At steady state, the current in the inductor is?

a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Zero
d) Infinity

Answer: a

Explanation: At steady state maximum current flows in the inductor because it acts as an open
circuit.

9. Initially, when the switch in a series RL circuit is closed, the inductor acts as?
a) Open circuit
b) Short circuit
c) Resistor
d) Capacitor

Answer: a

Explanation: Before switch is closed, current in inductor is zero. When the switch in a series RL
circuit is closed, current in the inductor remains zero since current in inductor doesn’t change
suddenly. So, the inductor acts as an open circuit.

10. Initially, when the switch in a series RL circuit is closed, the current in the inductor is?
a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Zero
d) Infinity

Answer: c
Explanation: Initially, when the switch in a series RL circuit is closed, the inductor acts as an open
circuit. Current in an open circuit is zero, hence the inductor current is zero.

11. The current in the R-L circuit at a time t = 0+ is?

a) V/R
b) R/V
c) V
d) R

Answer: a

Explanation: The capacitor never allows sudden changes in voltage, it will act as a short circuit at
t = 0+. So the current in the circuit at t = 0+ is V/R.

12. In an R-C circuit, when the switch is closed, the response

a) do not vary with time
b) decays with time
c) rises with time
d) first increases and then decreases
Answer: b

Explanation: In a R-C circuit, when the switch is closed, the response decays with time that is the
response V/R decreases with increase in time.

13. The time constant of an R-C circuit is?

a) RC
b) R/C
c) R
d) C

Answer: a

Explanation: The time constant of an R-C circuit is RC and it is denoted by τ and the value of τ in
dc response of R-C circuit is RC sec.

14. A series R-C circuit consists of resistor of 10 and capacitor of 0.1F as shown in the figure. A
constant voltage of 20V is applied to the circuit at t = 0. What is the current in the circuit at t = 0?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b

Explanation: At t = 0, switch S is closed. Since the capacitor does not allow sudden changes in
voltage, the current in the circuit is i = V/R = 20/10 = 2A. At t = 0, i = 2A.

15. The value of the time constant in the R-L circuit is?
a) L/R
b) R/L
c) R
d) L

Answer: a

Explanation: The time constant of a function (V/R)e-(R/L)t is the time at which the exponent of e is
unity where e is the base of the natural logarithms. The term L / R is called the time constant and
is denoted by ‘τ’.
16. A series R-L circuit with R = 30Ω and L = 15H has a constant voltage V = 60V applied at t =
0 as shown in the figure. Determine the current (A) in the circuit at t = 0+.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 0

Answer: d

Explanation: Since the inductor never allows sudden changes in currents. At t = 0+ that just after
the initial state the current in the circuit is zero.

17. The circuit shown in the figure consists of resistance, capacitance and inductance in series
with a 100V source when the switch is closed at t = 0. Find the equation obtained from the circuit
in terms of current.

Answer: a
Explanation: At t = 0, switch S is closed when the 100V source is applied to the circuit and results
in the following differential equation.

18. In RC series circuit R = 2Ω, C = 2μF and 10V dc is applied. Then what is the value of current?

0A
2A
5A
10A
ANS: OV

For DC voltage capacitor acts as an open circuit or have infinite impedance at steady state
condition. So, it will not allow any current through it.

19. Time constant of RL series circuit is

2L/R
RC
L/R
2RC
ANS: L/R

20. Time constant of RC series circuit is

L/R
2RC
2L/R
RC
Time constant of RC series circuit is RC.

21. In RL series circuit R=2Ω and L=2mH. What is the value of time constant?

1msec
2msec
4msec
100sec

22. Time constant is the time taken for response to rise ------- of maximum value?
100%
90%
 63.2%
68.3%
Time constant can be defined either with respect to charging or discharging action of energy
storage element. Time constant is the time taken for response to rise 63.2% of maximum value or
decrease 37.8% of its maximum value.

23. In which of the following networks it is not possible to find the transient free response?

RC
RL
RL, RC, and RLC
RLC
In RL, RC, RLC network it is not possible to obtain a transient free response. Since the circuit is
having energy storage elements, either charging and discharging actions are present when
connected to AC or DC supply.

24. In RLC series circuit R = 2Ω, L = 2mH and C = 1μF. Find the time constant of the circuit?

1 μsec
2 msec
2 μsec
4 msec

25. Internal resistance of ideal voltage source is

zero
infinite
finite
100 ohms
Ideal voltage source delivers energy at specified voltage, which is independent of current
delivered. So voltage drop is zero and then resistance is zero. Its internal series resistance must be
minimum to delivered maximum voltage.

26. In RLC parallel circuit circuit current through inductor is more than current through capacitor.
Then what is the power factor of the circuit?

lagging
leading
unity
zero
In this circuit inductive effect is more than capacitive effect. Therefore, power factor is lagging in
nature.

27. In a network containing resistances and reactances the roots of the characteristic equation given for
the circuit
a) the force response

b) the total response

c) the natural response

d) the damped response

ans: C

28. The dual of a parallel R-C circuit is a

a) series R-C circuit

b) series R-L circuit

c) Parallel R-C circuit

d) Parallel R-L circuit

ANS: B

29. If the roots of an equation are real and unequal, then the response will be?
a) critically damped
b) under damped
c) over damped
d) damped

Answer: c
Explanation: If the roots of an equation are real and unequal, then the response will be over
damped response. Over damped response of a system is defined as the system returns
(exponentially decays) to equilibrium without oscillating.

30. If the roots of an equation are complex conjugate, then the response will be?
a) over damped
b) critically damped
c) damped
d) under damped

Answer: d
Explanation: If the roots of an equation are complex conjugate, then the response will be under
damped response. Damping is an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect
of reducing, restricting or preventing its oscillations.
31. If the roots of an equation are real and equal, then the response will be?
a) over damped
b) damped
c) critically damped
d) under damped

Answer: c
Explanation: If the roots of an equation are real and equal, then the response will be critically
damped response. For a critically damped system, the system returns to equilibrium as quickly as
possible without oscillating.

32. At time t = 0, the value of current in the circuit shown

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 0

Answer: d
Explanation: At t = 0 that is initially the current flowing through the circuit is zero that is i = 0.
So, i = 0.

33. The voltage across the inductor at t = 0 in the circuit shown

a) 50
b) 100
c) 150
d) 200

Answer: b
Explanation: At t = 0, that is initially the voltage across the inductor is 100V. => V = 100V. So we
can write Ldi/dt = 100.
34. In RC series circuit R = 2Ω, C = 2μF and 10V dc is applied. Then what is the value of current?
0A
2A
5A
10A
ANS: OV

For DC voltage capacitor acts as an open circuit or have infinite impedance at steady state
condition. So, it will not allow any current through it.

35. Time constant of RL series circuit is

2L/R
RC
L/R
2RC
ANS: L/R

36. In RL series circuit R=2Ω and L=2mH. What is the value of time constant?

1msec
2msec
4msec
100sec

37. In which of the following networks it is not possible to find the transient free response?

RC
RL
RL, RC, and RLC
RLC
In RL, RC, RLC network it is not possible to obtain a transient free response. Since the circuit is
having energy storage elements, either charging and discharging actions are present when
connected to AC or DC supply.

38. In RLC parallel circuit circuit current through inductor is more than current through capacitor.
Then what is the power factor of the circuit?

lagging
leading
unity
zero
In this circuit inductive effect is more than capacitive effect. Therefore, power factor is lagging in
nature.
39. In a network containing resistances and reactances the roots of the characteristic
equation given for the circuit
a) the force response

b) the total response

c) the natural response

d) the damped response

ans: C

40. If the roots of an equation are real and unequal, then the response will be?
a) critically damped
b) under damped
c) over damped
d) damped

Answer: c
Explanation: If the roots of an equation are real and unequal, then the response will be over
damped response. Over damped response of a system is defined as the system returns
(exponentially decays) to equilibrium without oscillating.

41. If the roots of an equation are complex conjugate, then the response will be?
a) over damped
b) critically damped
c) damped
d) under damped

Answer: d
Explanation: If the roots of an equation are complex conjugate, then the response will be under
damped response. Damping is an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect
of reducing, restricting or preventing its oscillations.

42. If the roots of an equation are real and equal, then the response will be?
a) over damped
b) damped
c) critically damped
d) under damped

Answer: c
Explanation: If the roots of an equation are real and equal, then the response will be critically
damped response. For a critically damped system, the system returns to equilibrium as quickly as
possible without oscillating.

43. At time t = 0, the value of current in the circuit shown

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 0

Answer: d
Explanation: At t = 0 that is initially the current flowing through the circuit is zero that is i = 0.
So, i = 0.

44. The voltage across the inductor at t = 0 in the circuit shown

a) 50
b) 100
c) 150
d) 200

Answer: b
Explanation: At t = 0, that is initially the voltage across the inductor is 100V. => V = 100V. So we
can write Ldi/dt = 100.

45. The current in the R-L circuit at a time t = 0+ is?

a) V/R
b) R/V
c) V
d) R

Answer: a
Explanation: The capacitor never allows sudden changes in voltage; it will act as a short circuit at
t = 0+. So the current in the circuit at t = 0+ is V/R.

46. After how many time constants, the transient part reaches more than 99 percent of its final
value?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
 Ans- d.

47. The time at which first peak overshoot occurs is called

a. Peak overshoot
b. Peak time
c. Setting Time
d. Rise Time

Ans- B

48. Which of the following is the different one in terms of measurements?

a. L/R
b. RC
c. 2L/R
d. Q

Ans- D

49. Transients are presents in the circuit when the circuit is having

a. R
b. L
c. C
d. Either L or C

Ans- D

50. In the expression of current in the R-L circuit the transient part is

a. R/V
b. (V/R)(-exp((R/L)t))
c. (V/R)(exp((R/L)t))
d. V/R

Ans- B

51. The steady state part in the expression of current in the R-L circuit is

a. (V/R)(exp((R/L)t))
b. (V/R)(-exp((R/L)t))
c. V/R
d. R/V

Ans- C
 Electrical Circuits
UNIT I: Basic circuit Analysis and Simplification Techniques
MCQ’S

1. KCL is based on the fact that

a) There is a possibility for a node to store energy.
b) There cannot be an accumulation of charge at a node.
c) Charge accumulation is possible at node
d) Charge accumulation may or may not be possible.

Answer: b
Explanation: Since the node is not a circuit element, any charge which enters node must leave
immediately.

2. Relation between currents according to KCL is

a) i1=i2=i3=i4=i5
b) i1+i4+i3=i5+i2
c) i1-i5=i2-i3-i4
d) i1+i5=i2+i3+i4

Answer: d
Explanation: According to KCL, entering currents=leaving currents.

3. The algebraic sum of voltages around any closed path in a network is equal to

a) Infinity
b) 1
c) 0
d) Negative polarity

Answer: c
Explanation: According to KVL, the sum of voltages around the closed path in a network is zero.

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
4. Calculate potential difference between x and y

a) 4.275v
b) -4.275v
c) 4.527v
d) -4.527v

Answer: b
Explanation:

I1 = 3/3+5 = 3/8 = 0.375Ω

I2 = 4/5 = 0.8Ω
Vxy = vx – vy
Vx + 5I1 + 4 – 2I2 – vy = 0
Vx – vy = 2I2 – 4 – 5I1 = -4.275Ω

5. Find R

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
a) 17.5 Ω
b) 17.2 Ω
c) 17.4 Ω
d) 17.8 Ω

Answer: a
Explanation:

KVL: 70 – 5I – 7(I – 2) = 0
I = 7A
KVL to 2nd loop: 7(I – 2) – 2R = 0
R=17.5Ω

6. Determine currents I1 , I2 and I3.

a) -3.3A, -8.5A, 2.4A

b) 3A, -8A, 2A
c) 3.3A, 8.5A, -2.4A
d) 3.2A, 8.6A, 2.3A

Answer: c
Explanation:

I1 = I1 – I2 + 8 + I3 + 3
Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
I2 – I3 = 11 -> 1
And -11 I1 – 7(I1 – I2) = 0
-18 I1 + 7 I2 = 0 -> 2
And -11 I1 – 15 I3 =0 -> 3
Solving I1 = 3.32A I2 = 8.5A I3 = -2.4A.

7. All are loops but are not meshes

a) Loops, Meshes
b) Meshes, loops
c) Branches, loops
d) Nodes, Branches

Answer: b
Explanation: A mesh cannot be divided further in loops.

8. Solve for I.

Solve for I.
a) -0.5A
b) 0.5A
c) -0.2A
d) 0.2A

Answer: a

Explanation: Veq = 10 + 5 -20 = -5u

Req = 5 + 2 + 3 = 10Ω
I = V/R = -5/10 = -0.5A.

9. The basic laws for analyzing an electric circuit are :-

a) Einstein’s theory
b) Newtons laws
c) Kirchhoff’s laws

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
d) Faradays laws

Answer: c
Explanation: Kirchhoff’s laws are used for analyzing an electric circuit.

10. A junction whell two (or) more than two network elements meet is known as a

a) Node
b) Branch
c) Loop
d) Mesh

Answer: a
Explanation: Node is a junction where two or more than two network elements meet.

11. What is the other name for Dependent sources?

a) Uncontrolled sources
b) Time response elements
c) Steady state elements
d) Controlled sources

Answer: d
Explanation: Dependant sources are also known as Controlled sources as there are controlled by
other elements present in the circuit.

12. The analysis of a circuit containing dependent sources can be done using nodal and mesh
analysis.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: The analysis of a circuit containing dependent sources can be completed using nodal
and mesh analysis with the help of Kirchhoff’s laws and also by using various circuit theorems.

13. Dependent sources are types.

a) 3
b) 2
c) 4
d) 1

Answer: c
Explanation: Dependent sources are 4 types. Voltage controlled voltage/current source and current
controlled current/voltage source.

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
14. Nodal analysis is mainly based on _
a) KCL
b) KVL
c) Wheatstone bridge principle
d) Faraday’s electric laws

Answer: a
Explanation: Nodal analysis or Node-Voltage method is done by identifying the currents at the
node and thereby forming equations.

15. The loop which does not contain any other inner loop is known as
a) A node
b) A mesh
c) A branch
d) A super mesh

Answer: b
Explanation: A mesh is defined as a loop which does not contain any other loop within it.

16. A Supermesh is formed between two loops which share a common voltage source.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Meshes that share a current source with other meshes, none of which contains a
current source in the outer loop, forms a supermesh.

17. Consider the circuit shown below. The number mesh equations that can be formed are?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: We know if there are n loops in the circuit, n mesh equations can be formed. So as
there are 2 loops in the circuit. So 2 mesh equations can be formed.

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
18. Find current through R2 resistor.

a) 3
b) 3.25
c) 3.5
d) 3.75

Answer: d
Explanation: Applying mesh analysis, 5(I1) + 2(I1-I2) = 10. 10(I2) + 2(I2-I1) + 40 = 0. On solving,
I1 = 0.5A, I2 = -3.25A. So current through R2 resistor is 0.5-(-3.25) = 3.75 A.

19. In Superposition theorem, while considering a source, all other voltage sources are?
a) open circuited
b) short circuited
c) change its position
d) removed from the circuit

Answer: b
Explanation: In Superposition theorem, while considering a source, all other voltage sources are
short circuited. This theorem is valid for linear systems.

20. In the circuit shown, find the current through 3Ω resistor using Superposition theorem.

a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7

Answer: b
Explanation: Considering the voltage source 20V, 5A current source is open circuited.
Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
Now current through 3Ω resistor is 20/(5+4)=2.22A.
Now considering the current source 5A, 20V voltage source is short circuited.

No current through 3Ω resistor is 5× 5/(4+5)=2.78A. Now finally the current through 3Ω resistor
is 2.22 + 2.78 = 5A.

21. Consider the circuit shown below. Find the equivalent Thevenin’s voltage between nodes A
and B.

a) 8
b) 8.5
c) 9
d) 9.5

Answer: b
Explanation: The thevenin’s voltage is equal to the open circuit voltage across the terminals AB
that is across 12Ω resistor. Vth = 10×12/14 = 8.57V.

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
22. Find the current flowing between terminals A and B.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: d
Explanation: Short circuiting terminals A and B, 20-10(I1)=0, I1=2A. 10-5(I2), I2=2A. Current
flowing through terminals A and B= 2+2 = 4A.

23. The maximum power is delivered from a source to its load when the load resistance is
the source resistance.
a) greater than
b) less than
c) equal to
d) less than or equal to

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum power is delivered from a source to its load when the load resistance
is equal to the source resistance. The maximum power transfer theorem can be applied to both dc
and ac circuits.

24. If source impedance is complex, then maximum power transfer occurs when the load
impedance is the source impedance.
a) equal to
b) negative of
c) complex conjugate of
d) negative of complex conjugate of

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum power transfer theorem can be applied to complex impedance
circuits. If source impedance is complex, the maximum power transfer occurs when the load
impedance is complex conjugate of the source impedance.

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
25. Find the current i3 in the circuit shown below

a) 2A
b) 1A
c) 3A
d) 0.5A

Answer: c
Explanation: By applying the KCL at the node in the circuit , 5A = 2A +i3.

26. Kirchhoff’s current law is applied at

a) loops
b) nodes
c) both loop and node
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Kirchhoff’s current law can be applicable to nodes only.

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
 Electrical Circuits
UNIT II: Transient Analysis of Basic RL, RC and RLC Circuits
MCQ’S

1. An RL network is one which consists of

a) Resistor and capacitor in parallel
b) Resistor and capacitor in series
c) Resistor and inductor in parallel
d) Resistor and inductor in series

Answer: d

Explanation: An R-L network is a network which consists of a resistor which is connected in

series to an inductor.

2. If the switch is opened at t=0, what is the current in the circuit?

a) 0A
b) 1A
c) 2A
d) 3A

Answer: c

Explanation: Initially when switch was closed, current in the inductor was 60/30=2A.
Current in inductor doesn’t change suddenly so when switch is opened, current in inductor
remains same i.e. 2A.

3. In an RL series circuit, when the switch is closed and the circuit is complete, what is the
response?
a) Response does not vary with time
b) Decays with time
c) Increases with time
d) First increases, then decrease

Answer: b

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
Explanation: In an RL series circuit, the response decays with time because according to the
equation, there is an exponential decrease in the response.

4. If the switch is closed at t=0, what is the current in the circuit?

a) 0A
b) 10A
c) 20A
d) 30A

Answer: a

Explanation: Initially, when the switch is open, the current in the circuit is 0. As soon as the
switch is closed at t=0+, the inductor acts as an open circuit, hence the current in the circuit is
zero. Since the current in the circuit is zero, there is no voltage drop across the resistor and hence
voltage across the inductor is equal to the supply voltage, i.e. 60V.

5. What is the voltage across the inductor at t=0?

a) 0V
b) 20V
c) 60V
d) 58V

Answer: c

Explanation: Initially, when the switch is open, the current in the circuit is 0. As soon as the
switch is closes at t=0+, the inductor acts as an open circuit, hence the current in the circuit is

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
zero. Since the current in the circuit is zero, there is no voltage drop across the resistor and the
voltage across the inductor is equal to the supply voltage, which is equal to 60V.

6. What is the expression for current in the given circuit?

a) i=2(e-2t) A
b) i=2(1-e-2t)A
c) i=2(e2t)A
d) i=2(1+e-2t)A

Answer: b

Explanation: Applying KVL in above circuit, we get

60-30i-15di/dt =0
i=2(1-e-2t) A

7. What is the expression for voltage in the given circuit?

a) V=60e-0.5t
b) V=30e-0.5t
c) V=60e-2t
d) V=30e-2t

Answer: c

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
Explanation: Applying KVL in above circuit, we get
60-30i-15di/dt = 0
i=2(1-e-2t)A
di/dt = 4e-2t
V=Ldi/dt=15*4e--2t=60e-2t.

8. At steady state, the current in the inductor is?

a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Zero
d) Infinity

Answer: a

Explanation: At steady state maximum current flows in the inductor because it acts as an open
circuit.

9. Initially, when the switch in a series RL circuit is closed, the inductor acts as?
a) Open circuit
b) Short circuit
c) Resistor
d) Capacitor

Answer: a

Explanation: Before switch is closed, current in inductor is zero. When the switch in a series RL
circuit is closed, current in the inductor remains zero since current in inductor doesn’t change
suddenly. So, the inductor acts as an open circuit.

10. Initially, when the switch in a series RL circuit is closed, the current in the inductor is?
a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Zero
d) Infinity

Answer: c
Explanation: Initially, when the switch in a series RL circuit is closed, the inductor acts as an open
circuit. Current in an open circuit is zero, hence the inductor current is zero.

11. The current in the R-L circuit at a time t = 0+ is?

a) V/R
b) R/V
c) V
d) R

Answer: a

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
Explanation: The capacitor never allows sudden changes in voltage, it will act as a short circuit at
t = 0+. So the current in the circuit at t = 0+ is V/R.

12. In an R-C circuit, when the switch is closed, the response

a) do not vary with time
b) decays with time
c) rises with time
d) first increases and then decreases

Answer: b

Explanation: In a R-C circuit, when the switch is closed, the response decays with time that is the
response V/R decreases with increase in time.

13. The time constant of an R-C circuit is?

a) RC
b) R/C
c) R
d) C

Answer: a

Explanation: The time constant of an R-C circuit is RC and it is denoted by τ and the value of τ in
dc response of R-C circuit is RC sec.

14. A series R-C circuit consists of resistor of 10 and capacitor of 0.1F as shown in the figure. A
constant voltage of 20V is applied to the circuit at t = 0. What is the current in the circuit at t = 0?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b

Explanation: At t = 0, switch S is closed. Since the capacitor does not allow sudden changes in
voltage, the current in the circuit is i = V/R = 20/10 = 2A. At t = 0, i = 2A.

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
15. The value of the time constant in the R-L circuit is?
a) L/R
b) R/L
c) R
d) L

Answer: a

Explanation: The time constant of a function (V/R)e-(R/L)t is the time at which the exponent of e is
unity where e is the base of the natural logarithms. The term L / R is called the time constant and
is denoted by ‘τ’.

16. A series R-L circuit with R = 30Ω and L = 15H has a constant voltage V = 60V applied at t =
0 as shown in the figure. Determine the current (A) in the circuit at t = 0+.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 0

Answer: d

Explanation: Since the inductor never allows sudden changes in currents. At t = 0+ that just after
the initial state the current in the circuit is zero.

17. The circuit shown in the figure consists of resistance, capacitance and inductance in series
with a 100V source when the switch is closed at t = 0. Find the equation obtained from the circuit
in terms of current.

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
Answer: a

Explanation: At t = 0, switch S is closed when the 100V source is applied to the circuit and results
in the following differential equation.

Prepared By
Prof. S. G. Madhikar
 Electrical Circuits
UNIT III: Two Port Network Parameters and Functions
MCQ’S

1. Two ports containing no sources in their branches are called?

a) active ports
b) passive ports
c) one port
d) three port

Answer: b

Explanation: Two ports containing no sources in their branches are called passive ports; among
them are power transmission lines and transformers.

2. Two ports containing sources in their branches are called?

a) three port
b) one port
c) passive ports
d) active ports

Answer: d

Explanation: Two ports containing sources in their branches are called active ports. A voltage and
current is assigned to each of the two ports.

3. In determining open circuit impedance parameters, among V1, V2, I1, I2, which of the following
are dependent variables?
a) V1 and V2
b) I1 and I2
c) V1 and I2
d) I1 and V2

Answer: a

Explanation: In determining open circuit impedance parameters, among V1, V2, I1, I2; V1 and V2
are dependent variables and I1, I2 are independent variables i.e., dependent variables depend on
independent variables.

4. In determining open circuit impedance parameters, among V1, V2, I1, I2, which of the
following are independent variables?
a) I1 and V2
b) V1 and I2
c) I1 and I2
d) V1 and V2

Answer: c

Explanation: In determining open circuit impedance parameters, among V1, V2, I1, I2; I1 and I2 are
independent variables and V1, V2 are dependent variables. Independent variables are the variables
that do not depend on any other variable.

5. Which of the following expression is true in case of open circuit parameters?

a) V1 = Z11 V1 + Z12 I2
b) V1 = Z11I1 + Z12 V2
c) V1 = Z11I1 + Z12 I2
d) V2 = Z11I1 + Z12 I2

Answer: c

Explanation: The expression relating the open circuit parameters Z11, Z12 and currents I1, I2 and
voltage V1 is V1 = Z11I1 + Z12 I2.

6. Which of the following expression is true in case of open circuit parameters?

a) V2 = Z21I2 + Z22 I2
b) V2 = Z21I1 + Z22 I2
c) V1 = Z21I2 + Z22 I2
d) V1 = Z21I1 + Z22 I2

Answer: b

Explanation: The expression relating the currents I1, I2 and voltage V1 and open circuit parameters
Z21, Z22 is V2 = Z21I1 + Z22 I2.

7. Find the Z – parameter Z11 in the circuit shown below.

a) 1
b) 1.5
c) 2
d) 2.5

Answer: d

Explanation: For determining Z11, the current I2 is equal to zero. Now we obtain Zeq as 1+
(6×2)/(6+2)=2.5Ω. So, Z11 = 2.5Ω.

8. The value of Z21 in the circuit shown in the question 7 is?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
Answer: b

Explanation: V2 is the voltage across the 4Ω impedance. The current through 4Ω impedance is
I1/4. And V2 = (I1/4) x 4 = I1. So, Z21 = 1Ω.

9. Find the value of Z12 in the circuit shown in the question 7.

a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 0

Answer: c

Explanation: The current through vertical 2Ω resistor is = I2/2. So, V1 = 2 x (I2/2). On solving and
substituting we get Z12 = 1Ω.

10. Determine the value of Z22 in the circuit shown in the question 7.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

Answer: c

Explanation: Open circuiting port 1, we get V2 = I2((2+2)||4) => V2 = I2 x 2 =>V2/I2 = 2.

Therefore the value of Z22 is 2Ω.

11. In determining short circuit impedance parameters, among V1, V2, I1, I2, which of the
following are dependent variables?
a) V1 and V2
b) I1 and I2
c) V1 and I2
d) I1 and V2

Answer: b

Explanation: In determining short circuit impedance parameters, among V1, V2, I1, I2; I1 and I2 are
dependent variables and V1, V2 are independent variables i.e., dependent variables depend on
independent variables.

12. In determining short circuit impedance parameters, among V1, V2, I1, I2, which of the
following are independent variables?
a) I1 and V2
b) V1 and I2
c) I1 and I2
d) V1 and V2

Answer: d

Explanation: In determining short circuit impedance parameters, among V1, V2, I1, I2; V1 and V2
are independent variables and I1, I2 are dependent variables. Independent variables are the
variables that do not depend on any other variable.

13. Which of the following expression is true in case of short circuit parameters?
a) I1 = Y11 V1 + Y12 V2
b) I1 = Y11 I1 + Y12 V2
c) V1 = Y11 I1 + Y12 V2
d) V1 = Y11 V1 + Y12 V2

Answer: a

Explanation: The expression relating the short circuit parameters Y11, Y12 and voltages V1, V2 and
current is I1, is I1 = Y11 V1 + Y12 V2.

14. Which of the following expression is true in case of short circuit parameters?
a) I2 = Y21I1 + Y22 I2
b) V2 = Y21I1 + Y22 V2
c) I2 = Y21V1 + Y22 V2
d) I2 = Y21V1 + Y22 I2

Answer: c

Explanation: The expression relating the voltages V1, V2 and current is I2 and short circuit
parameters Y11, Y12 is I2 = Y21V1 + Y22V2.

15. The parameters Y11, Y12, Y21, Y22 are called?

a) Open circuit impedance parameters
b) Short circuit admittance parameters
c) Inverse transmission parameters
d) Transmission parameters

Answer: b

Explanation: The parameters Y11, Y12, Y21, Y22 are called short circuit admittance parameters also
called network functions as they are obtained by short circuiting port 1 or port 2.

16. Find the Y – parameter Y11 in the circuit shown below.

a) 2
b) 3/2
c) 1
d) 1/2

Answer: d
Explanation: After short circuiting b-b’, the equation will be V1 = (I1) x 2. We know Y11 = I1/V1.
From the equation we get I1/V1 = 2. On substituting we get Y11 = 2 mho.

17. Find the Y – parameter Y21 in the circuit shown in question 16.
a) -1/4

b) 1/4
c) 1/2
d) -1/2

Answer: a
Explanation: After short circuiting b-b’, the equation will be -I2=I1 × 2/4=I1/2 and -I2= V1/4 and
on solving and substituting we get Y21 =I2/V1=-1/4 mho.

18. Find the Y – parameter Y22 in the circuit shown in question 16.
a) 3/8
b) 5/8
c) 7/8
d) 9/8

Answer: b
Explanation: On short circuiting a-a’,we get Zeq = 8/5 Ω. V2=I2× 8/5. We know Y22 = I2/V2. We
got I2/V1 = 5/8. ON substituting we get Y22 = 5/8 mho.

19. Find the Y – parameter Y12 in the circuit shown in question 16.
a) 1/2
b) -1/2
c) -1/4
d) 1/4

Answer: c
Explanation: Short circuiting a-a’, -I1= 2/5 I2 and I2= 5 V2/8. On solving -I1= 2/5×5/8 V2= V2/4.
We know
Y12 = I1/V2. We got I1/V2 = -1/4. So the value of Y12 will be -1/4 mho.

20. Which of the following equation is true in the circuit shown in question 16?
a) I1=0.5(V1) + 0.25(V2)
b) I1=0.25(V1) + 0.625(V2)
c) I1=-0.25(V1) + 0.625(V2)
d) I1=0.5(V1) - 0.25(V2)

Answer: d

Explanation: We got the admittance parameters as Y11 = 0.5, Y12 = -0.25, Y21 = -0.25, Y22 =
0.625. So the equations in terms of admittance parameters is
I1=0.5(V1)-0.25(V2) and I2=-0.25(V1) + 0.625(V2).
21.In the circuit shown below, find the transmission parameter A.

a) 6/5
b) 5/6
c) 3/4
d) 4/3

Answer: a
Explanation: Open circuiting b-b‘, V1 = 6 I1, V2 = 5I1. On solving V1/V2 = 6/5. On substituting we
get A = V1/V2=6/5.

22. In the circuit shown question 21, find the transmission parameter C.
a) 4/5
b) 3/5
c) 2/5
d) 1/5

Answer: d
Explanation: C = I1/V2 |I2=0. By open circuiting b-b‘ we get V2 = 5 I1 =>I1/V2 = 1/5. On
substituting we get C = I1/V2=1/5 Ω.

23. In the circuit shown question 21, find the transmission parameter B.
a) 15/5
b) 17/5
c) 19/5
d) 21/5

Answer: b
Explanation: The transmission parameter B is given by B = -V1/I2 |V2=0. Short circuiting b-b‘, -
I2= 5/17 V1 => -V1/I2 = 17/5. On substituting we get B=17/5 Ω.

24. In the circuit shown question 21, find the transmission parameter D.
a) 1/5
b) 3/5
c) 7/5
d) 9/5

Answer: c
Explanation: D is a transmission parameter and is given by D = -I1/I2 |V2=0. Short circuiting b-b‘,
I1= 7/17 V1 and-I2= 5/17 V1. So we get I1/I2 = 7/5. So D=7/5.
25. The hybrid parameter h11 is called?
a) short circuit input impedance
b) short circuit forward current gain
c) open circuit reverse voltage gain
d) open circuit output admittance

Answer: a
Explanation: h11=V1/I1 |V2=0. So the hybrid parameter h11 is called short circuit input impedance.

26. The hybrid parameter h21 is called?

a) open circuit output admittance
b) open circuit reverse voltage gain
c) short circuit forward current gain
d) short circuit input impedance

Answer: c
Explanation: h21=I2/I1 |V2=0. So the hybrid parameter h21 is called short circuit forward current
gain.

27. In the circuit shown below, find the h-parameter h11.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: h11=V1/I1 |V2=0. So short circuiting b-b‘, V1 = I1((2||2)+1) = 2I1 => V1/I1= 2. On
substituting we get h11 = V1/I1= 2Ω.

28. In the circuit shown in question 27, find the h-parameter h21.
a) 1
b) -1
c) 1/2
d) -1/2

Answer: d
Explanation: Short circuiting b-b‘, h21 = I2/I1 when V2=0 and -I2= I1/2 => I2/I1 = -1/2. So h21 = -
1/2.
29. In the circuit shown in question 27, find the h-parameter h12.
a) 1/2
b) -1/2
c) 1
d) -1

Answer: a
Explanation: Open circuiting a-a‘ we get V1=Iy×2 and
Iy=I2/2 and V2=Ix×4 and Ix=I2/2. On solving and substituting, we get h12 =V1/V2=1/2.

30. In the circuit shown in question 27, find the h-parameter h22.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 1/2
d) 3/2

Answer: c
Explanation: Open circuiting a-a‘ we get V1=Iy×2 and Iy=I2/2 and V2=Ix×4 and Ix=I2/2. On solving
and substituting, we get h22 =I2/V2=1/2 Ω.

31. For the circuit given below, the value of the hybrid parameter h11 is

a) 15 Ω
b) 20 Ω
c) 30 Ω
d) 25 Ω

Answer: a
Explanation: Hybrid parameter h11 is given by, h11 = V1I1, when V2=0.
Therefore short circuiting the terminal Y-Y’, we get,
V1 = I1 ((10||10) + 10)
= I1 ((10×1010+10)+10)
= 15I1
∴ V1I1 = 15.
Hence h11 = 15 Ω.

32. For the circuit given below, the value of the hybrid parameter h21 is

a) 0.6 Ω
b) 0.5 Ω
c) 0.3 Ω
d) 0.2 Ω

Answer: b
Explanation: Hybrid parameter h21 is given by, h21 = I2I1, when V2=0.
Therefore short circuiting the terminal Y-Y’, and applying Kirchhoff’s law, we get,
-10 I2 – (I2 – I1)10 = 0
Or, -I2 = I2 – I1
Or, -2I2 = -I1
∴ I2I1=12
Hence h21 = 0.5 Ω.

33. For the circuit given below, the value of the hybrid parameter h12 is

a) 6 Ω
b) 5 Ω
c) 1 Ω
d) 2 Ω
Answer: c
Explanation: Hybrid parameter h12 is given by, h12 = V1V2, when I1 = 0.
Therefore short circuiting the terminal X-X’ we get,
V1 = IA × 10
IA = I22
V2 = IB × 10
IB = I22
From the above 4 equations, we get,
∴ V1V2=I2×10I2×10 = 1
Hence h12 = 1 Ω.

34. For the circuit given below, the value of the hybrid parameter h22 is

a) 0.2 Ω
b) 0.5 Ω
c) 0.1 Ω
d) 0.3 Ω

Answer: a
Explanation: Hybrid parameter h22 is given by, h22 = I2V2, when I1 = 0.
Therefore short circuiting the terminal X-X’ we get,
V1 = IA × 10
IA = I22
V2 = IB × 10
IB = I22
From the above 4 equations, we get,
∴ I2V2=I2×2I2×10 = 0.2
Hence h22 = 0.2 Ω.
35. In the circuit given below, the value of the hybrid parameter h11 is

a) 10 Ω
b) 7.5 Ω
c) 5 Ω
d) 2.5 Ω

Answer: b
Explanation: Hybrid parameter h11 is given by, h11 = V1I1, when V2 = 0.
Therefore short circuiting the terminal Y-Y’, we get,
V1 = I1 ((5 || 5) + 5)
= I1 ((5×55+5)+5)
= 7.5I1
∴ V1I1 = 7.5
Hence h11 = 7.5 Ω.

36. In the circuit given below, the value of the hybrid parameter h21 is

a) 10 Ω
b) 0.5 Ω
c) 5 Ω
d) 2.5 Ω

Answer: b
Explanation: Hybrid parameter h21 is given by, h21 = I2I1, when V2 = 0.
Therefore short circuiting the terminal Y-Y’, and applying Kirchhoff’s law, we get,
-5 I2 – (I2 – I1)5 = 0
Or, -I2 = I2 – I1
Or, -2I2 = -I1
∴ I2I1=12
Hence h21 = 0.5 Ω.

37. For the circuit given below, the value of the hybrid parameter h12 is

a) 6 Ω
b) 5 Ω
c) 1 Ω
d) 2 Ω

Answer: c
Explanation: Hybrid parameter h12 is given by, h12 = V1V2, when I1 = 0.
Therefore short circuiting the terminal X-X’ we get,
V1 = IA × 5
V2 = IA × 5
From the above equations, we get,
∴ V1V2=IA×10IA×10 = 1
Hence h12 = 1 Ω.

38. For the circuit given below, the value of the hybrid parameter h22 is

a) 0.2 Ω
b) 0.5 Ω
c) 0.1 Ω
d) 0.3 Ω
Answer: a
Explanation: Hybrid parameter h22 is given by, h22 = I2V2, when I1 = 0.
Therefore short circuiting the terminal X-X’ we get,
V1 = IA × 5
V2 = IA × 5
IA = I2
From the above equations, we get,
∴ I2V2=I2I2×5 = 0.2
Hence h22 = 0.2 Ω.

39. In two-port networks the parameter h11 is called

a) Short circuit input impedance
b) Short circuit current gain
c) Open circuit reverse voltage gain
d) Open circuit output admittance

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that, h11 = V1I1, when V2 = 0.
Since the second output terminal is short circuited when the ratio of the two voltages is measured,
therefore the parameter h11 is called as Short circuit input impedance.

40. In two-port networks the parameter h21 is called

a) Short circuit input impedance
b) Short circuit current gain
c) Open circuit reverse voltage gain
d) Open circuit output admittance

Answer: b
Explanation: We know that, h21 = I2I1, when V2 = 0.
Since the second output terminal is short circuited when the ratio of the two currents is measured,
therefore the parameter h21 is called Short circuit current gain.

41. In two-port networks the parameter h12 is called

a) Short circuit input impedance
b) Short circuit current gain
c) Open circuit reverse voltage gain
d) Open circuit output admittance

Answer: c
Explanation: We know that, h21 = V1V2, when I1 = 0.
Since the current in the first loop is 0 when the ratio of the two voltages is measured, therefore the
parameter h12 is called as Open circuit reverse voltage gain.

42. In two-port networks the parameter h22 is called

a) Short circuit input impedance
b) Short circuit current gain
c) Open circuit reverse voltage gain
d) Open circuit output admittance

Answer: d
Explanation: We know that, h22 = I2V2, when I1 = 0.
Since the current in the first loop is 0 when the ratio of the current and voltage in the second loop
is measured, therefore the parameter h22 is called as Open circuit output admittance.

43. For a T-network if the Short circuit admittance parameters are given as y11, y21, y12, y22, then
y11 in terms of Hybrid parameters can be expressed as
a) y11 = (−h21h12h11+h22)
b) y11 = h21h11
c) y11 = –h12h11
d) y11 = 1h11

Answer: d
Explanation: We know that the short circuit admittance parameters can be expressed in terms of
voltages and currents as,
I1 = y11 V1 + y12 V2 ……… (1)
I2 = y21 V1 + y22 V2 ..................... (2)
And the Hybrid parameters can be expressed in terms of voltages and currents as,
V1 = h11 I1 + h12 V2 ..................... (3)
I2 = h21 I1 + h22 V2 .......................(4)
Now, (3) and (4) can be rewritten as,
I1 = V1h11–h12V2h11 ...................... (5)
And I2 = h21V1h11+(−h21h12h11+h22)V2 ................ (6)
∴ Comparing (1), (2) and (5), (6), we get,
y11 = 1h11
y12 = –h12h11
y21 = h21h11
y22 = (−h21h12h11+h22).

44. For a T-network if the Short circuit admittance parameters are given as y11, y21, y12, y22, then
y12 in terms of Hybrid parameters can be expressed as
a) y12 = (−h21h12h11+h22)
b) y12 = h21h11
c) y12 = –h12h11
d) y12 = 1h11

Answer: c
Explanation: We know that the short circuit admittance parameters can be expressed in terms of
voltages and currents as,
I1 = y11 V1 + y12 V2 .................... (1)
I2 = y21 V1 + y22 V2 ..................... (2)
And the Hybrid parameters can be expressed in terms of voltages and currents as,
V1 = h11 I1 + h12 V2 ..................... (3)
I2 = h21 I1 + h22 V2 .......................(4)
Now, (3) and (4) can be rewritten as,
I1 = V1h11–h12V2h11 ...................... (5)
And I2 = h21V1h11+(−h21h12h11+h22)V2 ................ (6)
∴ Comparing (1), (2) and (5), (6), we get,
y11 = 1h11
y12 = –h12h11
y21 = h21h11
y22 = (−h21h12h11+h22).

45. For a T-network if the Short circuit admittance parameters are given as y11, y21, y12, y22, then
y22 in terms of Hybrid parameters can be expressed as
a) y22 = (−h21h12h11+h22)
b) y22 = h21h11
c) y22 = –h12h11
d) y22 = 1h11

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that the short circuit admittance parameters can be expressed in terms of
voltages and currents as,
I1 = y11 V1 + y12 V2 .................... (1)
I2 = y21 V1 + y22 V2 ..................... (2)
And the Hybrid parameters can be expressed in terms of voltages and currents as,
V1 = h11 I1 + h12 V2 ..................... (3)
I2 = h21 I1 + h22 V2 .......................(4)
Now, (3) and (4) can be rewritten as,
I1 = V1h11–h12V2h11 ...................... (5)
And I2 = h21V1h11+(−h21h12h11+h22)V2 ................ (6)
∴ Comparing (1), (2) and (5), (6), we get,
y11 = 1h11
y12 = –h12h11
y21 = h21h11
y22 = (−h21h12h11+h22).

41. The coefficients of the polynomials P (S) and Q (S) in the network function N (S) are
for passive network.
a) real and positive
b) real and negative
c) complex and positive
d) complex and negative

Answer: a
Explanation: The coefficients of the polynomials P (S) and Q (S) in the network function N (S)
are real and positive for passive network. On factorising the network function we obtain the poles
and zeros.

42. The scale factor is denoted by the letter?

a) G
b) H
c) I
d) J

Answer: b
Explanation: The scale factor is denoted by the letter ‘H’ and its value is equal to the ratio of ao to
bo.

43. The zeros in the transfer function are denoted by?

a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 0

Answer: d
Explanation: The roots of the equation P (S) = 0 are zeros of the transfer function. The zeros in the
transfer function are denoted by ‘o’.

44. The poles in the transfer function are denoted by?

a) x
b) y
c) z
d) w

Answer: a
Explanation: The roots of the equation Q (S) = 0 are poles of the transfer function. The poles in
the transfer function are denoted by ‘x’.

45. The network function N (S) becomes when s is equal to anyone of the zeros.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 0
d) ∞

Answer: c
Explanation: The network function N (S) becomes zero when s in the transfer function is equal to
anyone of the zeros as the network function is completely defined by its poles and zeros.

46. The N (S) becomes when s is equal to any of the poles.

a) ∞
b) 0
c) 1
d) 2
Answer: a
Explanation: The network function is completely defined by its poles and zeros and the network
function N (S) becomes infinite when s in the transfer function is equal to anyone of the poles.

47. If the poles or zeros are not repeated, then the function is said to be having poles
or zeros.
a) simple, multiple
b) multiple, simple
c) simple, simple
d) multiple, multiple

Answer: c
Explanation: If the poles or zeros are not repeated, then the function is said to be having simple
poles or simple zeros and the network function is said to be stable when the real parts of the poles
and zeros are negative.

48. If the poles or zeros are repeated, then the function is said to be having poles or
zeros.
a) multiple, multiple
b) simple, simple
c) multiple, simple
d) simple, multiple

Answer: a
Explanation: If there are repeated poles or zeros, then function is said to be having multiple poles
or multiple zeros and the network function is stable if the poles and zeros lie within the left half of
the s-plane.

49. If the number of zeros (n) are greater than the number of poles (m), then there will be
number of zeros at s = ∞.
a) n
b) m
c) n-m
d) n+m

Answer: c
Explanation: If the number of zeros (n) are greater than the number of poles (m), then there will
be (n-m) number of zeros at s = ∞ and to obtain (n-m) zeros at s = ∞ the condition is n>m.

50. If the number of poles (m)are greater than the number of zeros (n), then there will be
number of zeros at s = ∞.
a) m+n
b) m-n
c) m
d) n
Answer: b
Explanation: If the number of poles (m)are greater than the number of zeros (n), then there will be
(m-n) number of zeros at s = ∞ and to obtain (m-n) poles at s = ∞ the condition is m>n.
 Electrical Circuits
UNIT IV: DC Machines
MCQ’S

1. Where is field winding mounted in a DC machine?

a) Stator
b) Rotor
c) Absent
d) Anywhere on stator or rotor

Answer: a
Explanation: The field winding (concentrated type) is mounted on salient-poles on
the stator and the armature winding (distributed type) is wound in slots on a
cylindrical rotor. In AC machines field winding is mounted on rotor.

2. What are the materials used for brushes in dc machines?

a) Iron
b) Carbon
c) Aluminum
d) Steel

Answer: b
Explanation: On some extent carbon brush can act as a self-lubricating brush. On
moment, polishes the commutator segments. Damage to the commutators is less
when copper brushes are used on occurrence of sparkover.

3. In PMDC motors we use magnetic material with

a) Low residual flux
b) Low coercivity
c) High residual flux
d) All magnetic materials

Answer: c
Explanation: In market magnetic materials with various properties are available, but
for DC motor application we need magnetic materials with high residual flux in
order to get high no load voltage. Along with residual flux, coercivity of material
should be high.
4. Direction of rotation of motor is determined by
a) Faraday’s law
b) Lenz’s law
c) Coulomb’s law
d) Fleming’s left-hand rule

Answer: d
Explanation: Flemings laws can be summarized as whenever, a current carrying
conductor comes under a magnetic field, there will be a force acting on the
conductor and on the other hand, if a conductor is forcefully brought under a
magnetic field, there will be an induced current in that conductor.

5. The current drawn by the armature of DC motor is directly proportional to

a) Torque
b) Speed
c) The voltage across the terminals
d) Cannot be determined

Answer: a
Explanation: From the equation of torque generated in a DC machine, we know that
in both DC motor and DC generator, current drawn is directly proportional to the
torque required by the machine.

6. Which of the following motor is used where high starting torque and wide speed
range control is required?
a) All motors
b) Induction motor
c) Synchronous motor
d) DC motor

Answer: d
Explanation: DC series motor gives the maximum starting torque at starting. With
the help of Ward Leonard speed control method various speeds are also available. It
provides one mode to other transmission also.

7. Torque developed by a DC motor depends upon

a) magnetic field
b) active length of the conductor
c) current flow through the conductors
d) Current, active length, no. of conductors, magnetic field all

Answer: d
Explanation: Torque produced by a DC motor is directly proportional to an
armature current flowing through the machine. While it also depends on some
constant values like active length, no. od armature conductors and magnetic field
which are constant for a given machine.

9. PMDC produces high torque on

a) At low speeds
b) Only at maximum speed
c) Torque is constant
d) Cannot say

Answer: a
Explanation: PMDC produces high torque even at very low speeds. In DC shunt
motor torque produced at very low speeds is lower than the torque produced at the
same speeds in PMDC motor.

10. Which motor has almost replaced DC shunt motor from its applications?
a) Wound-rotor induction motor
b) Differential compound motor
c) Air motor
d) Squirrel caged induction motor

Answer: d
Explanation: Owing to the relative simplicity, cheapness and ruggedness of the
squirrel cage induction motor, the shunt motor is less preferred for constant-speed
drives except at low speeds. At high or medium speed applications we use induction
motor, mostly squirrel caged.

11. DC shunt motor is still used instead of synchronous motor in

a) High speed applications
b) Low speed applications
c) Medium and high-speed applications
d) Everywhere

Answer: b
Explanation: At low speeds, DC shunt motors are comparable with synchronous
motors. The outstanding feature of a DC shunt motor however is its superb wide
range flexible speed control above and below the base speed using solid-state
controlled rectifiers.

12. Which type motors are preferred for lathes?

a) DC shunt motors
b) Squirrel Cage induction motor
c) Synchronous motor
d) DC Shunt Motors or Squirrel cage induction motor

Answer: d
Explanation: Lathes machines requires uniform torque which is provided with
squirrel cage induction or DC shunt motors. Hence, they are preferred for lathes.
DC shunt motor and induction motor of squirrel cage type follow same shunt
characteristics.

13. What will happen to torque if back emf and speed of the DC motor is doubled?
a) Remain unchanged
b) Reduce to one-fourth value
c) Increase four folds
d) Be doubled

Answer: a
Explanation: Torque depends on armature current, so as long as armature current
remains constant torque will not change. Speed depends directly with back emf
thus, it will definitely become double when back emf is doubled.

14. Maximum torque in a DC machine is limited by

a) Commutation
b) Heating
c) Losses other than heating
d) Stability
Answer: a
Explanation: While for all other motors maximum torque is restricted to certain
value as various losses in other motors lead to heating of the core materials. In DC
machines for maximum torque commutation time will obviously decrease and
beyond some point commutation process can’t be fastened.

15. Voltage equation of a dc motor is-----

a)V = Eb + IaRa

b)Eb = V + IaRa

c) V = Eb /IaRa

d)V = Eb + Ia2Ra

Answer: A

16. Which of the following motor has the constant speed?

a)Series motor

b) Shunt motor

c) Cumulatively compound motor

d)All of the above

Answer:B

17. The function of commutator in a d. c machine is------

a) to change direction of rotation

b) to change alternating voltage to direct voltage

c) to provide easy control of voltage

d) to protect the machine from overcurrents

Answer:B

18. In Fleming's right-hand rule, the thumb point towards

a)direction of flux

b)direction of induced e.m.f.

c) direction of motion of conductor, if forefinger points along the lines of flux

d) direction of motion of the conductor if forefinger point in the direction of

generated e.m.f.

Answer:C

19. Brushes of D.C. machines are usually made of .

a)hard copper

b)soft copper

c)carbon

d)all of above

Answer:C

20. In D.C. machines lap winding is used for

a)low voltage, low current

b) low voltage, high current

c) high voltage, low current

d) high voltage, high current

Answer:B
 Electrical Circuits
UNIT V: AC Motors (Single phase & Three phase)
MCQ’S

1. A three-phase slip ring induction motor is fed from the rotor side with
the stator winding short-circuited. The frequency of the current flowing
in the short-circuited stator is
a) Slip frequency
b) Supply frequency
c) The frequency corresponding to rotor speed
d) Zero

Answer: a

Explanation: The relative speed between rotor magnetic field and stator
conductors is sip speed and hence the frequency of induced e.m.f is equal
to slip frequency.

2. The frame of an induction motor is made of

a) Aluminum
b) Silicon steel
c) Cast iron
d) Stainless steel
Answer: c

Explanation: The frame of an induction motor is made of cast iron. The

power factor of an induction motor depends upon the air gap between
stator and rotor.

3. An 8-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor is operating at a speed of

720 rpm. The frequency of the rotor current of the motor in Hz is

a) 2
b) 4
c) 3
d) 1

Answer: a

Explanation: Given a number of poles = 8. Supply frequency is 50 Hz.

Rotor speed is 720 rpm. Ns = 120×f÷P=120×50÷8 = 750 rpm. S=Ns-
Nr÷Ns = 750 – 720÷750 = .04. F2=sf=.04×50=2 Hz.

4. The rotor of a three phase induction motor can never attain

synchronous speed.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: Because then there will be no torque developed and flux

cutting.

5. The direction of rmf when a single phase supply is given to stator of

three phase induction motor is?
a) Zero
b) Ns
c) 2Ns
d) -Ns

Answer: a

Explanation: There will be no rmf generated as a single phase is only fed

to the three phase of induction motor.

6. The synchronous speed of rotating magnetic field is given by

120𝑥𝑓
A𝑁𝑠 = 𝑃
.
120𝑥𝑃
B.𝑁𝑠 = 𝑓
 𝑃𝑥𝑓
C.𝑁𝑠 = 120
D.none of the above
Ans:A

7. The stator of I.M produces----- magnetic field.

A. steady
B. rotating
C. alternating
D. pulsating
Ans:B

8. An I.M. moror is preferred to a D.C. motor because of its-----

A.high starting torque
B.fine speed control
C.simple and rugged construction
D.none
Ans:C

9. Q-(1M):Stator part of I.M. has slots to hold ------- .

A.rotor winding
B.stator winding
C.shaft
D.brush
Ans:B

10. Stator windings are insulated from core with the help of
A.slot insulator
B.Epoxy coating
C.1or 2
D.none

Ans:B

11. 3 phase I.M. are classified as --- and---- based on rotor construction.
A.slip ring & squirrel cage
B.split phase &squirrel cage
C.capacitor start motor& slip ring
D.shaded pole& capacitor start

Ans:A

12. The effect of increasing the length of the air gap in an induction
motor will increase
A.power factor
B.speed
C.magnetizing current
D.air-gap flux

Ans:C

13. frequency( fr) of induced emf in rotor of I.M. is given by --

A.s2.f
B.f2.s
C.s/f
D.s.f

Ans:D

14. An induction motor employs a starting device to restrict… .............. at

start
A. line voltage
B. line current
C.torque
D.power

Ans:B
 Electrical Circuits
UNIT VI: Special Purpose Motors
MCQ’S

1. In BLDC motor field winding is kept on

a) Stator

b) Rotor

c) Can be placed anywhere

d) Absent

Answer: b

Explanation: Unlike conventional DC motor, BLDC motor has its field

winding rotating. Unlike PMDC motor field winding is present. Thus, it

is placed on rotor. In BLDC motor we have fixed commutators, with

brush gear rotating with speed of rotor field.

2. Which of the following is not an advantage of BLDC motor over

conventional DC motor.

a) Less maintenance

b) Long life

c) No risk of explosion or possibility of RF radiation

d) Low cost

Answer: d

Explanation: The brushless DC motor being more expensive compare to

DC motor of same kW ratings, serves many other advantages like long

life, less maintenance, rapid response, linear characteristic, no sparking

and many more.

3. In medical fields which DC motor is widely used?

a) PMDC

b) BLDC

c) Brushed DC motor

d) Cannot be determined

Answer: b

Explanation: BLDC motors are widely used in various applications of

medical industry. Sensor less BLDC motor and with sensor BLDC

motors are used because of easy operation and high reliability compare to

conventional motors.

4. Typical brushless motor doesn’t have

a) Commutator

b) Permanent magnet

c) Electronic controller

d) Fixed armature

Answer: a

Explanation: A typical brushless motor has permanent magnets which

rotate around a fixed armature. An electronic controller replaces the

brush-commutator assembly of the brushed conventional DC motor,

which continually switches the phase to the windings to keep the motor

turning.
5. The Hall effect sensor is used as the rotor position sensor for the

BLDC motor.

a) True

b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: The Hall effect sensor is used as the rotor position sensor

for the BLDC motor. It is used to measure the strength of the magnetic

field.

6. A variable reluctance stepper motor is constructed of

material with salient poles.

a) Paramagnetic

b) Ferromagnetic

c) Diamagnetic

d) Non-magnetic

Answer: b
Explanation: A variable reluctance stepper motor is the motor that has

motion in steps with respect to increase in time and constructed of

ferromagnetic material with salient poles.

7. A stepping motor is a device.

a) Mechanical

b) Electrical

c) Analogue

d) Incremental

Answer: d

Explanation: A stepping motor is a motor in which the motion in the form

of steps and is a incremental device i which as the time increases the

steps are increased.

8. Electric Vehicles are generally powered by

a) Aluminum batteries

b) Lead-acid batteries
c) Sodium batteries

d) Magnesium batteries

Answer: b

Explanation: Electric vehicles are generally powered by Lead-acid

batteries. They consist of lead electrodes with H2SO4 as an electrolyte.

9. Combination of cells is known as the battery.

a) True

b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: A battery is a combination of cells connected in parallel and

series. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

10. which of the following is NOT the type of Hybrid Vehicle?

a.Plug-in Hybrid

b.Parallel Hybrid

c. Natural Gas For Vehicles

d. Series Hybrid

Answer: c