2012/02/17

SIN 411: Theme 3: Part 1

CSIR Chapt 4 / SASCH Chapt 4: COMPRESSION MEMBERS

References:
• CSIR: Mahachi: Design of Structural Steelwork: Chapter 4
SANS 10162‐1
• SASCH: Redbook: Section 4
• SIN 323 Steel Design

Study objectives for Theme 3: Revision and

• To further investigate the buckling modes for steel
compression members.
• To further calculate the compressive resistance of steel
compression members.

Buckling modes of columns:

Flexural buckling Local buckling

About largest KL / r Flange or web buckling

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Buckling modes of columns (cont.):

Torsional buckling
I‐sections or H‐sections not prone to this buckling mode

4.1 Introduction: CSIR § 4.1

4.2 Buckling of compression members : CSIR § 4.2

4.2.1 Flexural‐buckling of compression members:

The CSIR book summarizes the derivation of the buckling load of

a column.

Hibbeler describes more cases of column end conditions.

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Effective Lengths of Columns

The effective length, KL, is the actual unbraced length, L, multiplied by a
factor, K, such that the product, KL, is equal to the length of a pin‐ended
column of equal capacity to the actual member.

4.2.2 Torsional‐flexural buckling of compression members:

Most doubly symmetrical hot rolled sections (I‐sections or H‐

sections) rather buckle in a flexural buckling mode.

Some sections (angles and channels) may buckle in a torsional‐

flexural buckling mode.

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4.3 Classification of sections: elements in compression:

Limits on width‐to‐thickness ratios to

prevent buckling of flanges and webs.

Classes 1 , 2 and 3 are relevant for

compression due to flexure (i.e. beams or
beam‐columns).

For axial compression (i.e. columns):

Either Class 4 (slender) or better than Class 4.

If ratio less than class 4 limits: Strength based on real dimensions

If ratio more than class 4 limits: Strength to be based on effective

dimensions which are less than real dimensions

Classification of sections: elements in axial compression:

The maximum width‐to‐thickness ratios of elements subject to axial
compression are given in table 11.2(a)

Sections with width‐to‐thickness ratios exceeding the maximum values in

table 11.2 (a) shall be designated as Class 4 sections.

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Widths and thicknesses: elements supported along only one edge

:

Widths and thicknesses:

elements supported along two edges :

Note: Redbook uses (h – 2*tf) / tw for web b1 calculation

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Redbook
fy = 350 MPa

b is not the flange

width of an I‐section

SANS 10162‐1 Clause 10.4: Maximum slenderness ratio

The slenderness ratio of a member in compression shall be

taken as the ratio of the effective length, KL, to the
corresponding radius of gyration, r.

The slenderness ratio of a member in compression shall not

exceed 200.

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4.4. Design of compression members

Reference: CSIR § 4.4 SANS 10162:1 § 13.3.1

The resistance of compression members is influenced by:

a) Geometrical imperfection
Column with initial out of straightness
Column with an eccentric load

b) Material non‐linearity: Residual stresses:

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4.4. Design of compression members

Reference: CSIR § 4.4 SANS 10162:1 § 13.3.1 Redbook

4.4. Design of compression members

Reference: CSIR § 4.4 SANS 10162:1 § 13.3.1

(a) Doubly symmetric sections CSIR p. 4.13

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4.4. Design of compression members

(a) Doubly symmetric sections CSIR p. 4.13

CSIR p. 4.24
CSIR Example 4.3: (300W)
Design compression strength of 356 x 171 x 67 I‐section
Pinned‐pinned column, length = 6 000 mm
fy = 300 MPa : Cannot use Redbook Tables

Also web check:

Section not Class 4

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CSIR p. 4.25
CSIR Example 4.3: (300W) (cont.)

CSIR p. 4.25
CSIR Example 4.3: (300W) (cont.)

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CSIR p. 4.26
CSIR Example 4.3: (300W) (cont.)

CSIR p. 4.26
CSIR Example 4.3: (300W) (cont.)

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CSIR p. 4.26
CSIR Example 4.3: (300W) (cont.)

CSIR p. 4.27
CSIR Example 4.3: (300W) (cont.)

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4.4. Design of compression members (cont.) CSIR § 4.4

CSIR p. 4.14
(b) (i) Singly symmetric sections: symmetry about y‐axis

Shear centre

CSIR Example 4.4: (300W) Cr of a single symmetric T‐section

CSIR p. 4.28

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CSIR Example 4.4: (300W) (cont.) Cr of a single symmetric T‐section

CSIR p. 4.29

Not

CSIR Example 4.4: (300W) (cont.) Cr of a single symmetric T‐section

CSIR p. 4.29

he
The CSIR book uses a simplified & conservative method for Class 4
sections; Compare with SASC Handbook

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CSIR Example 4.4: (300W) (cont.) Cr of a single symmetric T‐section

CSIR p. 4.30

Ae = Ag ‐ (h – he) tw = 1988 mm2

CSIR Example 4.4: (300W) (cont.) Cr of a single symmetric T‐section

CSIR p. 4.30

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CSIR Example 4.4: (300W) (cont.) Cr of a single symmetric T‐section

CSIR p. 4.30

CSIR Example 4.4: (300W) (cont.) Cr of a single symmetric T‐section

CSIR p. 4.31

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CSIR Example 4.4: (300W) (cont.) Cr of a single symmetric T‐section

CSIR p. 4.31

CSIR Example 4.4: (300W) (cont.) Cr of a single symmetric T‐section

CSIR p. 4.31

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CSIR Example 4.4: (300W) (cont.) Cr of a single symmetric T‐section

With Ae = 1988 mm2 Cr = 245 kN

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