VOCABULARIES

TOBACCO, SUGAR, COTTON, INDIGO, ABACA, AND COFFEE

majority of the exports of the Philippines

CHINESE MESTIZO
a person of mixed Chinese and Filipino ancestry

ILUSTRADO
a term which literally means "enlightened ones" or the Filipinos educated in Europe.

SANGLEY
a term that proliferated in the Spanish Philippines to refer to people of pure Chinese descent;
came from the Hokkein word “seng-li”meaning business

MASONRY
fraternal organization which strives for moral betterment.

PHILIPPINES BACHILLER EN ARTES

Bachelor of Arts degree bestowed by colleges or universities

SPANISH CORTES
Spain's lawmaking or legislative body.

CASH CROP
crops cultivated for export

DECREE
an order issued by a legal authority; a policy pronouncement

GALLEON TRADE
From 1565-1815. this was the form of trade between the Philippines and Mexico. The
galleons would sail to Mexico loaded with goods and return to the Philippines carrying the
payment in silver.

MERCHANT HOUSES
firms established in Manila and other cities by foreign traders

PACTO DE RETROVENTA
an agreement that allowed a landowner to sell his/her land with guaranatee that he/she could
buy the land back at the same-price

PARIAN
Chinese enclave established in 1581 outside the walls of Intramuros. The Chinese were
forced to live in the Parian

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
a way by which people in a society are categorized based on socio-economic as well as
political standards

CONQUISTADOR
A Spanish conqueror

SITIO DE GANADO MAYOR

A large tract of land in a land grant

CABALLERIA
A Small tract of land in a land grant

CANON
Annual rent paid by the Inquilino

CAVAN
A measure of 75 liters

HACIENDA
Large estate used for raising livestock/agricultural

INQUILINO
A tenant

SHARECROPPERS
who rents a land and worked the land

RICE AND SUGAR

served as main commodities produced in the haciendas and become important source of
income of religious orders.

HACIENDA DE CALAMBA
owned by Spanish laymen prior to 1759.

HACIENDA DE CALAMBA CONFLICT

*Friars were collecting rents without issuing receipts
*Tenants failed to pay rents due to increased rent and low sugar prices
*Friars punished tenants by declaring lands vacant
*Invited residents from other towns to take over tenancies
*The price of sugar is declining in the world market

EPISCOPAL VISITATION
an official pastoral visit conducted by the bishop on a diocese to examine the conditions of a
congregation; often done once every three years

GORROTE
an apparatus used for capital punishment in which an iron collar is tightened around a
condemned person's neck

POLO
system of forced labor that required Filipino males from 16 to 60 years old to render service
for a period of 40 days

REGULAR CLERGY
priests who belong to religious orders

SECULAR CLERGY
priests who do not belong to religious orders and are engaged in pastoral work

TRIBUTO
system of taxation imposed by the Spanish colonial government on the Filipinos in order to
generate resources for the maintenance of the colony

CORTES
The legislative or lawmakingbody of the Spanish government.

CREOLE
a Spaniard born in the Philippines

MESTIZO
an individual born of mixed ancestry, may refer to a Spanish mestizo or a Chinese mestizo.
PROPAGANDA
Information used to promote or publicize a particular cause or point of view.

RESTORATION
refers to Spanish Restoration,; a period in Spanish History spanning the years 1874-1931 that
saw the restoration of the monarchy under Alfonso XII together with the establishment of a
bicameral legislature

THE CONSTITUTION 1876

ensured political stability relied on the rotation of the Liberal and Conservative parties in the
Government. This constitution also declared Catholicism as the religion of the state.

CIRCULO
published a bi-weekly neswpaper titled “Revista del Circulo Hispano - Filipino” in 1882 and
only lasted for a year.

LOS DOS MUNDOS

1883, with the intention of demanding for the overseas Hispanic colonies equality of rights
and equal opportunities for progress.

ESPAÑA EN FILIPINAS
Began publication through the support of Filipinos, creoles and mestizos in Madrid.

WORKS THAT INFLUENCED RIZAL IN WRITING NOLI ME TANGERE

Juan Luna’s Spolarium
Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher

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NAMES

JOSÉ DE BASCO Y VARGAS

The first governor-general to the Philippines under the Bourbon mandate

DON MANUEL JAUREGUI

A destitute Spanish layman. In 1957, he donated the lands to the Jesuits on the condition that
he would be allowed to live in the Jesuit monastery for the rest of his life.

DON CLEMENTE DE AZANSA

He was the Spanish layman to whom the government sold the property in 1803. He died in
1833.

KING CHARLES II
issued a decree that resulted in the government confiscating Hacienda de Calamba and other
Jesuit Properties

POPE ADRIAN VI
in 1522 allowed the regulars to administer the sacraments and act as parish priests
independent from the authority of the local bishop.

KING PHILIP II
granted discretionary power to enforce the reforms in the Philippines, the regular clergy often
thwarted their implementation.

FR. MARIANO GOMEZ

parish priest of Bacoor

FR. PEDRO PELAEZ

secretary to the archbishop

BURGOS, GOMEZ, AND ZAMORA

were condemned to death by garrote on February 15, 1872.

JUCIAN ATAYDE
Leader of Circulo Hispano- Filipino

PEDRO GOVANTES Y AZCARRAGA AND GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

Staff members of Los Dos Mundos

JOSE RIZAL, DOMINADOR GOMEZ, JOSE MARIA

PANGANIBAN, ANTONIO LUNA, FERDINAND BLUMEN TRITT.
Contributed in La Soladaridad

FRANCISCO MERCADO
Rizal's father

TEODORA ALONSO
Rizal’s mother
RIZAL’S SIBLING
Saturnina (1850-1913);
Paciano (1851-1930);
Narcisa (1852-1939);
Olimpia (1855-1887);
Lucia (1857-
1919);
Maria (1859-1945);
Concepcion (1862-1865);
Josefa (1865-1945);
Trinidad (1868-1951);
and Soledad (1870-1929)

DOÑA TEODORA
Rizal’s First teacher

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DATES AND EVENTS

1778
José de Basco y Vargas arrived in the Philippines

1785
Basco established the Royal Philippine Company

1810
the Mexican War of Independence rattled the Spanish empire, as it would eventually lead to
the loss of the precious Latin American colonies.

1834
Manila was opened to world trade

1836
demand compelled the issuance of the colonial government order, that required all towns to
set up primary schools to teach the population how to read and write.

1863
mandated free primary education.
1849 decree of Governor- General Narciso Claveria
urged the people in the colony to adopt surnames

1759
the destitute Spanish layman Don Manuel Jauregui donated the land to the Jesuits.

1803
the government sold the property to Don Clemente de Azansa for 44,507 pesos.

1833
the Dominicans purchased the hacienda for 52,000 pesos.

1887
the colonial government requested a report on the income and production of the hacienda,
suspecting tax evasion by the Dominicans.

1891
Friars began evicting tenants who refused to pay rent

January 20, 1872

approximately 250 Filipino soldiers and workers rose in revolt at an arsenal in Cavite.

February 15, 1872

GomBurZa was killed by garote

January 1889
the Filipino community in Barcelonabegan preparations for the publication of anew periodical.
Amongthe early supporters who helped withfinances were Mariano Ponce and Pablo
Rianzares.

February 15, 1889.

LaSolidaridad, released its first issue

November 15, 1889

1st issue printed of La Soladaridad in Madridcame out

November 15, 1895

Final release of La Soladaridad
1884
Rizal started with his novel and finished it on 1887.

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SOCIAL CLASSES(IN ORDER)

PENINSULARES
pure-blooded Spanish born in Spain

INSULARES
pure-blooded Spanish born in the Philippines

SPANISH MESTIZOS
Born of mixed parentage, a mestizo can be:
Spanish mestizo - one parent is Spanish, the other is
a native; or Chinese mestizo - one parent is Chinese,
the other is a native

PRINCIPALIA
the ruling and usually educated upper class in Spanish colonial
a wealthy pure-blooded natives said to have descended from the
kadatoan class

CHINO INFIEL
Non-Catholic
pure
blooded Chinese

INDIO
Pure-blooded native of
the Philippines