Probability and

Statistics
(MATH-361)
Introduction
Dr. Hina Dutt
hina.dutt@seecs.edu.pk
SEECS-NUST
Semester Planner
Course Logistics
 Probability and Statistics
Course Code: MATH-361 Semester: 3rd

Credit Hours: 3+0 Prerequisite

Codes:
Instructor: Dr. Hina Munir Dutt Class: BESE-13AB

Office: A-306, Faculty Block, Telephone: 051-90852378

SEECS
Lecture Days: Monday, Tuesday, E-mail: hina.dutt@seecs.edu.pk
Thursday

Class Room: CR-10, CR-13, CR-15 Consulting Hours: Monday: 0300-0500 pm

Tuesday: 0300-0500 pm
Lab Engineer: N/A Lab Engineer N/A
Email:

Knowledge Computational Maths Updates on LMS: After every lecture

Group:
Course Description
This course covers probability theory and various
descriptive statistical techniques for collecting,
analyzing and interpreting data.
The course also covers inferential statistics that
includes sampling, estimation of parameters and
testing of hypothesis.
 Course Objectives

➢ understanding of the systems which involve

uncertainty.
➢ analyzing and evaluating techniques for these
systems.
 Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
At the end of the course the students will be able to: PLO BT Level*
CLO-1. Explain the basic concept of Statistics and Probability and 1 C-2
their need in engineering/Sciences
CLO-2. Analyze random variables, probability distributions and 1 C-4
sampling distributions
CLO-3. Apply different probability and statistics techniques in 2 C-3
engineering problems
* BT= Bloom’s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive domain, P=Psychomotor
domain, A= Affective domain
Programme Learning Outcomes (PLOs)
PLOs/CLOs CLO1 CLO2 CLO3
PLO 1 (Engineering Knowledge) √ √

PLO 2 (Problem Analysis) √

PLO 3 (Design/Development of Solutions)

PLO 4 (Investigation)
PLO 5 (Modern tool usage)
PLO 6 (The Engineer and Society)
PLO 7 (Environment and Sustainability)
PLO 8 (Ethics)
PLO 9 (Individual and Team Work)
PLO 10 (Communication)
PLO 11 (Project Management)
PLO 12 (Lifelong Learning)
Bloom’s Taxonomy
 Estimated Contact
Main Topics to be covered
Sr. No Hours
Graphical Representation of Data: Stem-and-Leaf Plot, Histogram, Boxplot; Mean, Standard 3
Deviation, Variance
1
Sample Space, Experiment Outcomes, and Sampling with and without replacement, Set theory 3

2
Introduction to theory of Probability, Theorems of Probability, Conditional probability 3

3
4 Permutations and Combinations 3
5 Random Variables and Probability Distributions 3
6 Mean and Variance of a Distribution, Expectation, Moments 3
7 Binomial, Poisson & Hypergeometric distributions 3
8 Normal distribution 3
9 Distributions of several Random Variables 3
10 Random Sampling 3
11 Point estimation of Parameters 3
12 Confidence intervals 3
13 Testing of hypothesis, Decisions 3
14 Quality control, Control chart 3
15 Acceptance sampling, errors & rectification 3
16 Goodness of Fit, Chi-square test 3
17 Regression Analysis 3
Marks Distribution
Marks Distribution

10

10

50

Quizzes
30
Assignments & Class Presentations
MSE
ESE
Books
➢Text Books:
➢Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Sixth Edition by Richard A. Johnson
➢Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig

➢Reference Books:
➢Introduction to Statistical Theory (Part I & II), Seventh Edition by Prof Sher
Muhammad Chaudhry & Dr. Shahid Kamal
➢Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, Seventh Edition by
Walpole Myers
➢Probability and Statistics by Murray R. Speigel
What is
Probability and
Statistics?
Probability is the Science of
Uncertainty
Statistics is the Science of
Data
Meaning of Statistics
The word Statistics is used to refer to
➢Numerical facts such as number of students in
BESE-13.
➢The study of ways of collecting, analyzing and
interpreting the facts.
Meaning of Statistics
Statistics is defined as a discipline that includes
procedures and techniques used to
➢ collect
➢ process
➢ present and
➢ analyze
numerical data to make inferences and to reach
decision in the face of uncertainty.
Why Study
Statistics?
 Scope of Statistics
➢Simplifies complex data
➢Converts data into information and makes it more useful in
decision making
➢Measures uncertainty and variability and so helps in
measuring risks
➢Discovers past and emerging patterns in a data and so helps
in forecasting
➢Helps in estimation and validating assumptions
Applications of Statistics
➢Marketing- Developing market surveys and strategies for
marketing new products
➢Economics- Formation of economic policies
➢Finance- Helps in value at risk, stock market-derivative
➢Public Health- Identifying sources of diseases and ways to
treat them
➢HR- Performance evaluations, Feedback of training program
➢IT- Optimization of server time, testing software
Basic
Definitions
Population and Sample

Population: The collection or set of

all objects or measurements that
are of interest to the experimenter Population

Sample: The subset or Sample

representative part of the
population
Population and Sample; Example

A statistical population may be

➢real such as the heights of all university students or
➢hypothetical such as all the possible outcomes from the toss
of a coin.
Population and Sample; Example

In a survey, 250 students at a university were asked if they

smoked cigarettes regularly. 35 of the students said yes.
Identify the population and the sample.
Parameters & Statistics
Parameter: A numerical measurement or quantity describing
some characteristic of a population
Statistic: A numerical measurement or quantity describing
some characteristics of a sample

Parameter Population

Statistic Sample
Parameters & Statistics; Example
Decide whether the numerical value describes a population
parameter or a sample statistic.
➢A recent survey of a sample of 450 university students
reported that the average weekly income for students is $325.
➢The average weekly income for all students is $405.
Branches Of Statistics
Statistics

Descriptive Inferential
Statistics Statistics

Involves the Involves using a

organization, sample to draw
summarization, conclusions about
and display of a population.
data.
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics; Example
➢A teacher arranges the scores obtained by his students in a
graph

➢A researcher may wish to find out whether exposure to

pollution may reduce life span
Types Of Data
Data

Qualitative Quantitative
Data Data

Consists of Consists of
attributes, labels, or numerical
non numerical measurements or
entries counts.
Qualitative Data; Examples

➢He has blue eyes.

➢He has a lot of energy.
➢He is clever.
Quantitative Data; Examples

➢He has 2 brothers.

➢His weight is 25.5 kg.
➢His height is 170 cm.
Levels of Measurement
The level of measurement determines which statistical calculations
are meaningful.

Nominal
Lowest to
Levels Ordinal highest
of
Measurement Interval
Ratio
Nominal Level of Measurement
Data at the nominal level of measurement are qualitative
only.
Nominal
Levels
Calculated using names, labels, or
of qualities. No mathematical
Measurement computations can be made at this level.

Colors in Names of students Textbooks you are

the in your class using this semester
Pakistani
flag
Ordinal Level of Measurement
Data at the ordinal level of measurement are qualitative
or quantitative.

Levels Ordinal
of Arranged in order, but differences
Measurement between data entries are not
meaningful.

Class standings: Numbers on the back Top 50 songs played

freshman, of each player’s shirt on the radio
sophomore, junior,
senior
Interval Level of Measurement
Data at the interval level of measurement are quantitative. A zero
entry simply represents a position on a scale; the entry is not an
inherent zero.
Levels
of Interval
Measurement Arranged in order, the differences between data
entries can be calculated.

Temperatures Years on a timeline

Ratio Level of Measurement
Data at the ratio level of measurement are similar to the interval
level, but a zero entry is meaningful.
A ratio of two data values can be formed so one
Levels data value can be expressed as a ratio.
of
Measurement
Ratio

Ages Grade point averages Weights

Levels of Measurement; Summary
Determine if
Put data Arrange
Level of Subtract one data value
in data in
measurement data values is a multiple of
categories order
another
Nominal Yes No No No
Ordinal Yes Yes No No
Interval Yes Yes Yes No
Ratio Yes Yes Yes Yes