Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

AUTOMATED LOW-COST IOT BASED FERTILIZER INTIMATION

SYSTEM FOR SMART AGRICULTURE
1
B Sindhuja,2Mukka Manmadha,3V Gari Gowthami,4Bajantri Devi,5B Madhavi,6Ettam Varsha,
7
Dr T Syed Akheel
123456
B.Tech Students,7Professor
Dept of ECE
Dr.K.V.Subbareddy Institute of Technology, Kurnool

Abstract: The proposed IoT based Irrigation System uses

My country India has been badly affected by ESP8266 NodeMCU Module and DHT11
climate change due to heavy deforestation. So Sensor. It will not only automatically irrigate the
many campaigns arose planting more trees. water based on the moisture level in the soil but
However, to reduce my effort in gardening, I also send the Data to ThingSpeak Server to keep
made something that watering and fertilizing my track of the land condition. Due to the recent
plants based on an app. advances in sensors for the irrigation systems for
agriculture and the evolution of WSN and IoT
The plants often get neglected at holiday time technologies, these can be applied in the
and so this watering and feeding system was development of automatic irrigation systems.
made and installed so that the plants were The system will determine the parameters that
irrigated all the time.The mixing tank is filled are monitored in irrigation systems regarding
with water through the valve. The peristaltic water quantity and quality, soil characteristics,
pumps dose the tank with the required amount of weather conditions, and fertilizer usage and
fertilizer and then the mixer pump is turned off. provide an overview of the most utilized nodes
The mixture drains into the growing media and wireless technologies employed to
under gravity implement WSN and IoT based smart irrigation
system
This is one of unique and best project which was
never done by anyone before, so without In 2021, the estimated
wasting any time let’s Hop into build process of total population in India amounted to
this project approximately 1.38 billion people.
I.INTRODUCTION
One of the largest livelihood providers India currently has the second-largest population
in India is Agriculture. Agriculture plays an in the world
essential role in supporting human life. The rise
in population is proportional to the increase in and the population rate is increasing day-by-day;
agriculture production. Basically, Agriculture then after40 to 50 years there will be a serious
production depends upon the seasonal situations problem for food's, so the development of
which do not have enough water sources. To get agriculture is necessary.
beneficial results in agriculture and to overcome
As we know that soil is very important for
the problems, IoT based smart agriculture
agriculture system, Especially from soil
system is employed. Global and regional scale
moisture and nutrients are essential elements for
agricultural monitoring systems aim to provide
plants and crops.
up-to-date information regarding food
production. In IoT-based smart farming, a Therefore, soil moisture and nutrient monitoring
system is built for monitoring the crop field with are important in modern agriculture and
the help of sensors like light, humidity, horticulture, It can also be an interesting feature
temperature, soil moisture, etc. The farmers can of a smart farming system using Internet of
monitor the field conditions from anywhere. Things (IoT) technology.
IoT-based smart farming is highly efficient This project presents an IoT application in the
when compared with the conventional approach. Mobile telnet platform

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

The purpose of this project is to monitor soil (paddy field) and is an excellent method of
moisture , humidity-temp, values for indoor monitoring rice fields and providing information
plants. on paddy development. This work aims to create
an EC sensor to facilitate the monitoring of
II. LITERATURE REVIEW paddy soil nutrients, which offer high cost and
An IOT Based Crop-field monitoring an time savings [1 – 3]. Numerous researches [4 –
irrigation automation system describes how to 6] on soil EC have been conducted utilising
monitor a crop field. A system is developed by machine technology rather than IoT technology.
using sensors and according to the decision from However, collecting data from the field through
a server based on sensed data, the irrigation Veris technology is costly, and the investigations
system is automated. Through wireless lack wireless data transfer. As a result, the newly
transmission the sensed data is forwarded to web provided technology must be dependable, quick,
server database. If the irrigation is automated easy, and affordable.
then the moisture and temperature fields are III.DESIGN OF HARDWARE
decreased below the potential range. The user This chapter briefly explains about the
can monitor and control the system remotely Hardware. It discuss the circuit diagram of each
with the help of application which provides a module in detail.
web interface to user [1]. By smart Agriculture ARDUINO UNO
monitoring system and one of the oldest ways in The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller
agriculture is the manual method of checking the board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It
parameters. In this method farmers by has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can
themselves verify all the parameter and calculate be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
the reading [2]. The system focuses on MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a
developing devices and tool to manage, display power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.
and alert the users using the advantages of a It contains everything needed to support the
wireless sensor network system. It aims at microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
making agriculture smart using automation and with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC
IoT technologies [3]. The cloud computing adapter or battery to get started.
devices are used at the end of the system that The Uno differs from all preceding
can create a whole computing system from boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-
sensors to tools that observe data from serial driver chip. Instead, it features the
agriculture field. It proposes a novel Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
methodology for smart farming by including a programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. Uno
smart sensing system and smart irrigator system board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to
through wireless communication technology [4]. ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.
This system is cheap at cost for installation. Arduino board has the following new features:
Here one can access and also control the • 1.0 pin out: added SDA and SCL pins
agriculture system in laptop, cell phone or a that are near to the AREF pin and two other new
computer [5]. pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF
that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage
Monitoring soil nutrient levels is a provided from the board. In future, shields will
highly desirable capability that is not possible be compatible both with the board that use the
without good soil mapping. As a result, there is a AVR, which operate with 5V and with the
requirement for the development of an on-the-go Arduino Due that operate with 3.3V. The second
soil treatment map. This would enable efficient one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for
nutrient mapping at a relatively cheap cost. future purposes.
Additionally, farmers who lack information • Stronger RESET circuit.
about the quantity of fertiliser to apply in • Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.
various regions and cropping systems are a "Uno" means one in Italian and is named to
significant source of concern. The treatment map mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The
employs sensors to collect on-site data testing Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno appearance of the pointer, backlight etc. are
is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, considered as useful characteristics.
and the reference model for the Arduino
platform; for a comparison with previous
versions, see the index of Arduino boards.

Fig: LCD
BUZZER
Digital systems and microcontroller pins
lack sufficient current to drive the circuits like
relays, buzzer circuits etc. While these circuits
require around 10milli amps to be operated, the
Fig: ARDUINO UNO microcontroller’s pin can provide a maximum of
1-2milli amps current. For this reason, a driver
such as a power transistor is placed in between
POWER SUPPLY:
the microcontroller and the buzzer circuit.
The power supplies are designed to
convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a
suitable low voltage supply for electronic circuits
and other devices. A power supply can by broken
down into a series of blocks, each of which
performs a particular function. A d.c power supply
which maintains the output voltage constant
irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load
variations is known as “Regulated D.C Power
Supply”.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR (LM35):

in order to monitor the temperature

continuously and compare this with the set
temperature preprogrammed in the
microcontroller, initially this temperature value
has to be read and fed to the microcontroller.
Fig: Block Diagram of Power Supply This temperature value has to be sensed. Thus a
sensor has to be used and the sensor used in this
LCD DISPLAY project is LM35. It converts temperature value
A model described here is for its low into electrical signals.
price and great possibilities most frequently used
in practice. It is based on the HD44780 LM35 series sensors are precision
microcontroller (Hitachi) and can display integrated-circuit temperature sensors whose
messages in two lines with 16 characters each. It output voltage is linearly proportional to the
displays all the alphabets, Greek letters, Celsius temperature. The LM35 requires no
punctuation marks, mathematical symbols etc. In external calibration since it is internally
addition, it is possible to display symbols that calibrated. . The LM35 does not require any
user makes up on its own. Automatic shifting external calibration or trimming to provide
message on display (shift left and right), typical accuracies of ±1⁄4°C at room temperature

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

and ±3⁄4°C over a full −55 to +150°C electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or
temperature range. interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the
ESP8266 WIFI moisture content.
The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip The relation between the measured property and
with full TCP/IP soil moisture must be calibrated and may vary
stack and microcontroller capability produced by depending on environmental factors such as soil
Shanghai-based Chinese manufacturer, Espressif type, temperature, or electric conductivity.
Systems.[1] Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the
soil moisture and is used for remote
The chip first came to the attention of
sensingin hydrology and agriculture. Portable
western makers in August 2014 with the ESP-
probe instruments can be used by farmers or
01 module, made by a third-party manufacturer,
gardeners.
Ai-Thinker. This small module allows
RELAYS
microcontrollers to connect to a Wi-Fi network
What is a relay?
and make simple TCP/IP connections
We know that most of the high end
using Hayes-style commands. However, at the
industrial application devices have relays for
time there was almost no English-language
their effective working. Relays are simple
documentation on the chip and the commands it
switches which are operated both electrically
accepted.[2] The very low price and the fact that
and mechanically. Relays consist of a n
there were very few external components on the
electromagnet and also a set of contacts. The
module which suggested that it could eventually
switching mechanism is carried out with the help
be very inexpensive in volume, attracted many
of the electromagnet. There are also other
hackers to explore the module, chip, and the
operating principles for its working. But they
software on it, as well as to translate the Chinese
differ according to their applications. Most of
documentation.[3]
the devices have the application of relays.
Why is a relay used?
The main operation of a relay comes in places
SOIL SENSOR where only a low-power signal can be used to
control a circuit. It is also used in places where
only one signal can be used to control a lot of
circuits. The application of relays started during
the invention of telephones. They played an
important role in switching calls in telephone
exchanges. They were also used in long distance
telegraphy. They were used to switch the signal
coming from one source to another destination.

LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR

A photo resistor or light dependent

resistor (LDR) is
A simple soil moisture sensor for gardeners. a resistor whose resistance decreases with
increasing incident light intensity; in other
Soil moisture sensors measure the words, it exhibits photoconductivity. It can also
volumetric water content in soil.[1] Since the be referred to as a photoconductor or CdS
direct gravimetric measurement of free soil device, from "cadmium sulfide," which is the
moisture requires removing, drying, and material from which the device is made and that
weighting of a sample, soil moisture sensors actually exhibits the variation in resistance with
measure the volumetric water content indirectly light level. Note that CdS is not a semiconductor
by using some other property of the soil, such as

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

in the usual sense of the word (not doped  Arduino

silicon).  Embedded c language
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
LM 35
ARDUINO
WORKING
The smart agriculture monitoring system is
tested under various conditions. The soil
moisture sensor is used to test the soil for all
climatic conditions and results are interpreted
successfully. The moisture output readings at
different weather conditions is taken and
updated. Wi-Fi is used to achieve the wireless
transmission. The values of soil moisture sensor
purely depend on the resistivity of the soil. The
value of the sensor at beginning of wet condition
is 0. The sensed value is sent to microcontroller
through NodeMCU and motor pump gets OFF
in this condition. The maximum threshold value
upon dry soil is1023. When the sensed value by
sensor reaches the threshold value, the
microcontroller trigger the relay and motor gets
ON. When sufficient amount of water is
supplied to plants, the motor pump is turned ON
and is turned OFF automatically.
The main aim of this project is to
implement the modern technology in required
IV. PROJECT DESCRIPTION fields like agriculture. Using IoT technology in
This chapter deals with working and agriculture, this system makes agriculture
circuits. It can be simply understood by its monitoring easy. The benefits as mentioned like
block diagram &circuit diagram. water saving and labour saving are required the
BLOCK DIAGRAM: maximum in current agricultural state of affairs.
Consequently, using the sensor network in fields
of agriculture makes clever irrigation. The
information from IoT is sent to the client using
cloud. Consequently, any changes inside the
crop may be identified effortlessly and early
analysis is achieved as such. The developed
hardware kit of the proposed model is shown in
Figure.
The measured and monitored parameters like
temperature, humidity and moisture in soil are
shown in mobile telnet APP.
V.CONCLUSION
IoT will help to enhance smart farming. Using
IoT the system can predict the soil moisture
level and humidity so that the irrigation system
can be monitored and controlled. IoT works in
different domains of farming to improve time
Fig : block diagram efficiency, water management, crop monitoring,
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: soil management and control of insecticides and

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

pesticides. This system also minimizes human system”, International Research Journal of
efforts, simplifies techniques of farming and Engineering and Technology, Vol.07.
helps to gain smart farming. Besides the
advantages provided by this system, smart
farming can also help to grow the market for
farmer with single touch and minimum effort.
Future Scope
The project has vast scope in developing the
system and making it more user friendly and the
additional features of the system like:  By
installing a webcam in the system, photos of the
crops can be captured and the data can be sent to
database.  Speech based option can be
implemented in the system for the people who
are less literate.  GPS (Global Positioning
System) can be integrated to provide specific
location of the farmer and more accurate
weather reports of agriculture field and garden. 
Regional language feature can be implemented
to make it easy for the farmers who are aware of
only their regional language.
References
[1] Rajalakshmi.P and S. Devi Mahalakshmi,
“IOT Based Crop Field Monitoring and
Irrigation Automation”, 10th International
conference on Intelligent systems and control
(ISCO), 2016.
[2] Joaquin Gutierrez, Juan Francisco Villa-
Medina et.al, “Automated Irrigation System
Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS
Module”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation
and Measurement, 2013.
[3] Dr. V. Vidya Devi and G. Meena Kumari,
“Real Time Automation and Monitoring System
for Modernized Agriculture”, International
Journal of Review and Research in Applied
Sciences and Engineering, Vol3 no.1. pp 7-12,
2013.
[4] Basha, Elizabeth, and Daniela Rus, “Design
of early warning flood detection systems for
developing countries”, International Conference
on Information and Communication
Technologies and Development, 2007.
[5] K. Jyostsna Vanaja, Aala Suresh et.al, “IOT
based Agriculture System Using NodeMCU”,
International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology, Vol.05.
[6] T. Rajesh, Y. Thrinayana and D. Srinivasulu
“IoT based smart agriculture monitoring

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