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Lecture 08

Permeability is a measure of how easily water can flow through the pores or voids in soil. It is one of the most important soil properties for geotechnical engineers, as it influences settlement, slope stability, earth dam design, and underground seepage. Darcy's law states that permeability can be calculated based on the head loss, cross-sectional area, and length of the soil sample. The coefficient of permeability, or hydraulic conductivity, is determined in the lab using constant-head or falling-head tests.

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34 views18 pages

Lecture 08

Permeability is a measure of how easily water can flow through the pores or voids in soil. It is one of the most important soil properties for geotechnical engineers, as it influences settlement, slope stability, earth dam design, and underground seepage. Darcy's law states that permeability can be calculated based on the head loss, cross-sectional area, and length of the soil sample. The coefficient of permeability, or hydraulic conductivity, is determined in the lab using constant-head or falling-head tests.

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muzamil ismail
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Permeability

 Permeability is the measure of the soil’s


ability to permit water to flow through its
pores or voids.
 Due to the existence of the inter-connected
voids, soils are permeable
 Thepermeable soils will allow water flow
from points of high energy to points of low
energy
 Permeability is the parameter to
characterize the ability of soil to transport
water
Importance of Permeability
 Itis one of the most important soil properties of interest to
geotechnical engineers
 Permeability influences the rate of settlement of a saturated soil
under load
 The design of earth dams is very much based upon the permeability
of the soils used
 The stability of slopes and retaining structures can be greatly
affected by the permeability of the soils involved.
 Estimating the quantity of underground seepage
Bernoulli’s Equation
μ 𝑣2
According to ℎ = + +𝑍
γ𝑤 2𝑔
Where,
h= total head
μ= Pressure
v= velocity
g= gravitational acceleration
γ𝑤 = unit weight of water
Continue
Darcy’s Law
 In 1856, Henry Darcy a French engineer proposed a law related to the
rate of flow i.e. the discharge through the soil.

 According to him, discharge is directly proportional to the head loss (


h) and the area of the cross sectional of the soil, and inversely
proportional to the length of the soil sample
Coefficient of Permeability
 Thecoefficient or permeability is also known as hydraulic
conductivity
 HydraulicConductivity, k, is a measure of soil
permeability
K is determined in the lab using two methods
 Constant-Head Test
 Falling-Head Test
Factors Affecting Permeability
 The coefficient of permeability (k) is affected by several factors
given below:
 The porosity (η) of the soil and void ratio (e) of the soil.
 The grain size, shape and distribution
 The degree of saturation (S).
 Thedensity and viscosity of the soil water which vary with
temperature.
 Thickness of the adsorbed layers of water in fine-grained
 The type of flow i.e. laminar or turbulent
Constant Head Permeability
• The constant head test is used primarily for coarse-grained soils
• This test is based on the assumption of laminar flow where k is
independent of i
• This test applies a constant head of water to each end of a soil
Constant-head hydraulic
conductivity test with permeameter
Constant Head Permeability
Constant Head Permeability
Activity for Students
 Falling-Head Test

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