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Science Extension Module-4 Notes

The document provides an overview of key concepts for a Science Extension Module, including: [1] assessing methods of scientific communication like peer review, publishing in journals, conferences, and popular media; [2] analyzing results from a scientific research project using scientific language and peer-reviewed data; and [3] justifying choices in presenting scientific research based on purpose, audience, and context. It also lists important metalanguage terms and provides a glossary for the module.

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58 views2 pages

Science Extension Module-4 Notes

The document provides an overview of key concepts for a Science Extension Module, including: [1] assessing methods of scientific communication like peer review, publishing in journals, conferences, and popular media; [2] analyzing results from a scientific research project using scientific language and peer-reviewed data; and [3] justifying choices in presenting scientific research based on purpose, audience, and context. It also lists important metalanguage terms and provides a glossary for the module.

Uploaded by

tetece8105
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science Extension Module 4 Notes

 assess methods by which scientists communicate research findings, including but not limited to:

- the scientific peer-review process


Peer review – review of report by experts in the same field, ensures that they are familiar
with the scientific concepts and can critique methodology, analysis etc
- publishing in online and print journals
Issues in online journals – published documents that are widespread but turn out to be
wrong, like the use of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19, or the infamous
paper that linked vaccines to autism. These findings can be widely circulated before they are
proven wrong. However, online journals also increase access to scientific research for
free/cheaper than print journals – increases availability of findings for the public
- presenting at conferences
Researchers can present ideas - allows scientists in similar fields to ask questions and review
research, aids international collaboration (positive current influence on scientific thinking)
- presentations in popular media
Presents scientific findings to the general public, concepts are often simplified to make them
more effective for people with a lower level of scientific literacy. Specific details and data
explained only in general terms

 analyse the results from the Scientific Research Project and present findings about the data
set obtained as a discussion, using scientific language and peer-reviewed supporting data

 analyse trends, patterns and relationships in the data set to suggest modifications to the
scientific research methods employed

 analyse the patterns and trends derived from the associated data set(s) relevant to the scientific
research for inclusion in the report

How was data collected? Survey questionnaire, online form, automatically transferred into a
spreadsheet.

How was data presented? Individual factors were presented in contingency tables - observed
and calculated values. Pie chart used to indicate proportion of allergy and non-allergy responses;
graphs used to present final data and identify effect of variable on food allergy

Were the trends clear? There was the clear trend of allergies being less prevalent than no
allergies

Can you improve? Data was not gathered using randomised survey techniques (created selection
bias as the sample used in the research was not an accurate reflection of the Australian
population e.g. mostly white, middle class, one region of NSW not whole country, relied on
people owning technology to complete survey), resulted in uneven sample sizes that negatively
impacted the analysis of the variables. E.g. the sample size of siblings was 14 without siblings
and 309 with which made the results of the analysis for the factor unreliable as they were so
disproportionate

 justify choices of mode and media for the presentation of the scientific research, based on
purpose, audience, and context

Scientific research report: aimed at scientific professionals, represents research in a


comprehensive way that enumerates all aspects of the methodology and analysis. Contains
more detail and jargon than poster or video format, and therefore is harder to understand for
those unfamiliar with the concept/science in general. Suits the context of a complex scientific
research project and emulates methods of communication used in scientific journals.

 communicate scientific and/or technical information or ideas clearly and accurately using a
variety of forms appropriate to purpose, for example orally, mathematically, graphically or in
writing

Purpose of research – to test the hypothesis and make new discoveries which can be presented
and shared in the scientific community

 justify future directions of further scientific research outlined in the Scientific Research Report

You should be able to relate your research findings to possible future research opportunities.
Remember that science is a cyclical process. There is no end to scientific understanding.

Refer to future directions section of report.

 use scientific language in the analysis and evaluation of an area of scientific research by means
of a scientific report, supported by an associated portfolio of evidence

Have a good understanding of the metalanguage of the course. However, be careful not to just
use a word without having a good understanding of the word or how it might relate to your SRP.

Metalanguage in Science Extension


Epistemology Literature review Mean
Empiricism Hypothesis Median
Parsimony/Occam’s razor Error Standard deviation
Falsifiability Systematic error Tests of confidence
Confirmation bias Random error Student’s t-test
Theory-dependent observation Uncertainty Chi-squared test
Inductive reasoning Qualitative F-test
Deductive reasoning Quantitative Correlation coefficient
Paradigm shift Data Correlation
Ethics Evidence Causation
Inquiry question Peer review Data modelling
Primary data Content analysis Predictive statistics
Secondary data Thematic analysis Descriptive statistics

Glossary:

https://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/11-12/stage-6-learning-areas/stage-6-
science/science-extension-syllabus/glossary

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