EFFECTS OF TARDINESS TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KITAOTAO NATIONAL HIGH

SCHOOL

By:

CABILOGAN, MELIZA KASANDRA E.

CAÑADILLA, SHERYN ANNE R.
GENERALAO, JHON AXEL G.

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, MATHEMATICS A-12

1st SEMESTER
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, tardiness is defined as the

quality or state of being tardy or late. Tardiness has already become a habit
for some students nowadays. Being tardy means arriving late to school for
any reason, which can lead to more serious issues affecting their academic
learning and performance. Regular tardiness affects a student's ability to
participate in class discussions; passing an output and activities after its due
date is another example of tardiness. Up to now, Students are still unaware
and oblivious to the consequences of tardiness in relation to their academic
performance. In this study, the researchers seek to identify the various factors
that contribute to the current tardiness in order to identify various preventative
and remedial measures.

The most critical learning hours of a school day are the morning
periods (Zeiger, 2010). Specifically, 7:30 to 9:30 (Cowan Crier, 2007); and for
the afternoon periods is when it is 12:30 to 1:45. These are the times when
students are most alert and attentive, which is why schools teach more
important lessons and subjects during this timeframe. Tardy students may
miss part of these lessons or the entire subject period. If the class begins with
a quiz, the students may have lost a significant portion of their grade. What if
a major exam is scheduled at that time? The students will be fortunate if no
sanctions or changes are imposed as a result of their tardiness. In addition,
Nakpodia and the Dafiaghor (2011) stated that tardiness eventually leads to
absenteeism. Students who arrive late are often aware of the consequences of their
tardiness and simply choose to skip class.
 The tardiness of a student also disturbs other students and teachers,
disrupting the flow and system of the entire class. According to
Clackmannashire, council online (as cited by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor, 2011),
“Lateness is disruptive to the individual and the work of the class and maybe an early
warning of other difficulties.” The tardy student creates a distraction by arriving late
for class and disrupting other students and the teacher with questions about missed
lessons. Additionally, the school as an institution is also vastly affected. As Nakpodia
and Dafiaghor (2011) put it: “Lateness inhibits the process of achieving goals of the
schools.” If student tardiness is a problem, the school cannot fulfill its obligations as
effectively as it ought to.A school must provide students with a high-quality
education while also ensuring that they have full access to it.

Students, however, cannot fully benefit from this education if they are
tardy or absent. ETC (Nakpodia and Dafiaghor, 2011) stated that, “Regular and
punctual attendance is of paramount importance in insuring all students have full
access of this curriculum valuable learning time is lost when students are late or
absent.” A school also serves the country by producing professional and competent
citizens, but this goal can be undermined if students arrive late for class. As study
according Weade (2004), it showed that there is a high probability that a tardy
student will also be tardy at work. According to Weade (2004), tardiness among
employees has shown to affect profitability. According to Abernathy (1989),
employees want punctual workers, a tardy employee will most likely be relegated
from the workplace. In the long run, this is a major disadvantage for a tardy student
and a setback for the school as a professional institution.

In general, class tardiness is defined as students failing to attend

classes on time and failing to arrive on time. Class tardiness influences the
students themselves as well as others. Students with regular attendance, as is
commonly known, tend to get better results because success is related to
one’s punctuality. Students who are unpunctual to class will also cause
disturbance to other students. Indeed, many previous studies have found that
student tardiness to class is a common phenomenon. According to some
studies, students who are tardy generally earn lower grades than their peers,
and the primary cause seems to be that they sleep late. Therefore, the
purpose of this study is to delve deeper into the phenomenon of class
tardiness among Kitaotao National High School Senior High School students.
This research will be conducted using a quantitative method, which will
consist of a series of questionnaires. The outcome will show the level of class
tardiness among Kitaotao National High School Senior High School students.

II. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will determine the causes of tardiness among senior high
school students in Kitaotao National High School. This would benefit the
students, the teachers, the parents, and the school itself.

The research will help students be aware of the causes of tardiness so

that they could avoid doing them. This could also be an eye opener for the
students to realize the importance of not being late in terms of academic
activities.

This study could benefit teachers. This study might have lessen their
stress caused by tardy students. They could also modify their teaching habits
to serve as a role model in their student in terms of punctuality.

Parents. Parents has a significant role in students' tardiness. They could

benefit this study by being aware of the influential factors of their children
being tardy and do something to avoid its causes.

Moreover, this study could make the school are aware of the existing
factors. They could provide seminars, raise awareness, that might lessen the
tardiness of the students. They could conduct a research of the level of
tardiness of the students and help the administrators to check if it may be a
threat to quality education and competency level of the school.
 Lastly, this research would help the future researchers to conduct the
study inside the school, in any other situations, of Kitaotao National High
School.

III. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The study will be carried out at Kitaotao National High School, and the
respondents will be senior high school students from the school who were chosen for
the study. The study's goal is to ascertain the student's profile, which includes their
age, gender, and the track or course, distance between their home and school as
well as how long it takes them to get there.

The respondent is made up of 40 students who are from the STEM strand
and are in grades 11 through 12 at Kitaotao National High School's Senior
High School. The researcher will conduct the survey by having the
respondents respond to questions on the survey questionnaire.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the discussion on the research methodology of

the study, establishing the effects of tardiness to the academic performance of
senior high school students at Kitaotao National High School. The subjects,
sampling technique, research instruments, procedure of the data gathering
that will be used for accurate data analysis and interpretation.

PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY

The population of the respondents is 659 in total categorized with 19

different sections of grade 11 to grade 12 students in Kitaotao National High
School Senior High School. The researchers used the Slovin’s formula with a
constant 5% percentage error to calculate the total sample size needed for
the research and came up with total 249 respondents. The researchers then
used stratified sampling technique to determine the needed respondents for
each classroom.
Section Population Percentage Sample Size
11 ABM Paciole 38 .0576631259 14.36 or 14
11 Aphrodite 42 .0637329287 15.87 or 16
11 Artemis 40 .0606980273 15.11 of 15
11 Athena 42 .0637329287 15.87 of 16
11 Hera 43 0652503794 16.24 or 16
11 Hestia 41 .062215478 15..50 or 16
11 Xenon 36 .0546282246 13.60 or 14
11 Krypton 39 .0591805766 14.73 or 15
11 Haswei 24 .0364188164 9.1 or 9
11 Mal 18 .0273141123 6.80 of 7
12 Morgan 27 .0409711684 10.20 or 10
12 Apollo 42 .0637329287 15.87 of 16
12 Ares 37 .0561456753 13.99 or 14
 12 Hermes 44 .06676783 16.62 or 17
12 Zeus 40 .0606980273 15.11 or 15
12 Yttrium 33 .0500758725 12.47 or 12
12 Zirconium 40 .0606980273 15.11 or 15
12 M 14 .0212443096 5.29 or 5
Total Population: 659 Sample Population: 249

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

The study will take place at Kitaotao, Bukidnon and will be conducted
in Kitaotao National High School. Specifically with the Grade 11 and Grade 12
Senior High School Students. Kitaotao National High School lies in the
7.6410° North latitude and 125.0069° East longitude. Kitaotao National High
School is located at the roadside of the highway – sayre highway. Kitaotao
National High School is currently led by Mr. Hammy S. Pasco as its principal.

Figure 1. Bukidnon map highlighting Kitaotao

Figure 1.1. Precise map of Kitaotao National High School

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researcher employed the correlation method to determine

tardiness in relation to academic performance of senior high school students
at Kitaotao National High School. The primary sources of data are senior high
school students at Kitaotao National High School. This study involves the
population of Kitaotao National High School Senior High School Students.
Participants will be selected for this study encompasses the students only.
The respondents will be selected randomly from the nineteen different
sections of Senior High School. A total of two hundred fortynine students will
be selected. A stratified random sampling technique will be employed in this
study. The reason for choosing this methodology is that Kitaotao National
High School's phenomenon of class tardiness and it’s effect to the academic
performance of the senior high school students is the subject of our study.

A total of 249 respondents will be chosen randomly from the general

population to fill out the questionnaire. The survey will be conducted at
Kitaotao National High School Senior High School building. After the
participants receive the form, they will then be given instructions to help them
understand how to answer the questionnaire. Participants respond to
questionnaires immediately in order to keep their authenticity while being
observed by the researcher. In order to more effectively illustrate the
phenomenon of class tardiness among the senior high school students at
Kitaotao National High School, graphs were plotted based on the results and
pie charts will be created.

The purpose of this study is to better understand the causes of

tardiness, how it impacts students' overall academic achievement, and how it
affects respondents' behavior in terms of their relationships with others, the
classroom environment, and teacher-related factors.
 It is important to be aware of the respondents' profile that is
characterized in terms of age, status, and strand. A survey will be used to
gather the data, which will then be subjected to analysis and interpretation.

In this work, a correlational research design is used. After using

Slovin's formula to the 659 total population, the researchers determined the
total sample size for each categorized strata using the stratified sampling
technique.

SAMPLING PROCEDURE

The researchers used Slovin’s formula after gathering the total

population of 659 respondents to get the aimed sample size with the following
equation:
N = Total Population n = Sample Size e=
Percentage Error
Formula:
n= N
Solution: 1 + Ne2

n= 659 = Substitute the given

1 + 659(.05)2
information to the formula.

n= 659 = Multiply the percentage error

1 + 659(.0025)
by itself.

n= 659 = Multiply the Percentage

1 + 1.65
Error to the Total Population.

n= 659 = Add the remaining 1.65 to

2.65
the constant 1.

n = 248.67 or 249 respondents

 The researchers then used stratified sampling technique to identify the
respondents in each classroom in Kitaotao National High School Senior High
School Students.

s = Sample Size in each Stratum S = Population in

each Stratum
n = Sample Size N = Total
Population

Formula:
s= S *n
N
Solution:
s= 38 * 249 = Divide the Stratum’s
659
Population by the Total
Population.

s = .0576631259 * 249 = multiply the quotient

to the sample size that
was calculated by the
Slovin’s Formula.

s = .14.46 or 14 sample respondents

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

In order to conduct the study, a letter of request for permission to

conduct the research must be submitted to the principal of Kitaotao National
High School, Mr. Hammy S. Pasco. Once approved, the researchers will
personally distribute the research questionnaire to all respondents who are
Grade 11 and Grade 12 students at Kitaotao National High School.
 Once approved, the researchers will develop and finalize the research
questionnaire to be distributed. A questionnaire will be used to collect data
and will be given to each participant. The questionnaire be composed of only
one close ended question. The first part of the questionnaire answers the first
hypothesis which is to investigate the cause and effect of tardiness and the
second part of the questionnaire are the factors of tardiness among the senior
high school students of Kitaotao National High School whether these factors
of tardiness is a common phenomenon or not. The researchers will visit each
classroom to collect the necessary data.

The data collected will be subjected to analyzation and interpretation

needed to gain valid conclusions.

DATA ANALYSIS

In order to analyze the data, statistical tools of analysis will be utilized.

The researcher will collect data that can be numerically quantified. The
researcher will look into any statistically significant differences in data
observed prior to and after the interventions. This will necessitate a t-test
analysis to see whether tardiness is rising or decreasing.

It is essential to test the survey instruments for both reliability and

validity. Determination of reliability will be done through conduction of piloting
program where a small section of the sample population will be issued with
the survey tools in order to identify mistakes within the tool (Bailey, 2008).
Additional reliability testing will be done to ensure that the survey tools remain
consistent. The consistency test involves grading the things over time in order
to see if a particular tool item can consistently procedure the same result
when we used at various times. The reliability test outcome can be calculated
using the person correlation coefficient. Since the method of coding used for
data analysis relies on the subject, it is crucial to do the consistency test to
ensure the tool’s dependability (Mitchell & Jolley,2012).
 Reliability testing must also be performed on the test Items or
questions. These objects must be able to provide the study’s particular
criteria, else the reliability of the questions will be compromised. In addition to
reliability checks, the survey needs to be made valid. Validity is about the
items being able to provide relevant information for the study. Criterion related
validation is the most useful and important type of validity test (Groves, 2010).