POINTERS in PE

FOLKDANCE  Dance imitated animal

movements
Folkdance - Traditional dances, or  Tareketek “Benguet” – 2 tareketek
commonly known as folk dances, are dance (woodpeckers) fight for the attention
practices that have been passed on or of 3 females.
handed down from one generation to  Bianylan Banog “Misamis Oriental” –
another. These dances have evolved a dance about a mother hen
naturally over time. protecting her chicks from a hungry
hawk.
According to Basilio Esteban S. Villaruz,  Dance tells a story
Philippine dance is generally composed of  Salip “Kalinga” – A courtship dance.
the following: When a man and a woman are
going to be marriage.
 Those that propitiate the spirits  Singkil “Maranao” – A dance about
 Those that are imitative of animal life the legend “Darangan” of the
or activities Maranao people of Mindanao.
 Those meant for socializing and Princess Gandingan, who was
celebrating caught in the middle of the forest
 Those that were inherited from during an earthquake and was
colonial masters eventually saved by the prince.
 Those mentioned above that have  Dance shows scenes from
everyday life
now been performed for tourism
 Banga “Kalinga” – means pots,
programs for both cultural and
which shows the kalinga women as
economic use they go about their daily task of
PRE-COLONIAL DANCES fetching water from the river.
 Kapa Malong Malong “Maranao” – a
In the Philippines, many of the pre-colonial dance that shows the many of
or indigenous dances are basically malay in wearing the malong, a round piece
origin until Western colonizers came and of cloth.
influenced the native dance traditions, COLONIZATION-INFLUENCED DANCES
Nevertheless, pre-colonial dances can be
classified as being religious, imitative of life During the Spanish occupation, the lives of
activities and of the movements in the the early Filipinos were restructured in
environment, and as being for socialization. terms of politics, economics, religion, and
culture. The same thing happened in dance,
 Dance was a celebration of an as the Spanish colonizers brought in their
event own dances. The most popular among
these Spanish dances are the jota, polka,
 Dugso “Bukidnon” – a dance of waltz, and fandango.
thanksgiving & also on the birth of
the first son. Common Dance Steps in Folk Dancing

 Idaw “Cordillera” – is a dance Abrasete - The girl, positioned at the right

performed by warriors before going side of the boy, holds the right arm of her
to war. partner with her left hand. Their free hands
(the hand doing nothing or not placed anywhere) are down at their sides.

Arms in lateral position - Both arms are at Do-si-do (dos-a-dos)- The vis-a-s
one side (either sideward right or left), which (opposites) both advance forward, pass
may be done at shoulder, chest, or waist each others’ right (or left) side, step across
level. to the right (or left), move backward without
turning around pass each others’ left (or
Bilao - To turn the palms up and down
right) side to proper places.
alternatively, hands at waist level in front,
elbows close to waist. Draw- To pull one foot along the floor close
to the other foot, which have the weight of
Brush - Weight on one foot, hit the floor
the body. The weight may or may not be
with the ball or heel of the other foot (the
transferred.
free foot) is lifted.
Hands on waist - Place hands at the waist
Crossed arms - Partners are facing each
line (at the smallest part of the trunk,
other or standing side by side, girl at the
knuckles in, fingers pointing in rear.
right of boy. They join their left hands
together and their right hands together; Hapay- To flourish or offer a handkerchief,
either right over left- or left-over right hands. hat, or glass of wine to somebody as a sign
of invitation.
Cross over- Two couples (the vis a vis) re
opposite each other. Each couple proceeds Point - Touch the floor lightly with the toes
in a straight line to the opposite place. The of one foot, weight of the body on the other
girls pass by their left shoulders between foot.
the boys. Boys bow to each other when they
Salok - To swing the arm downward-upward
meet at the middle or about one third of the
passing in front of the body as if scooping,
way, then proceed to the opposite place.
the trunk is bent forward following the
Upon reaching the opposite place, partners
movement of the arm doing the salok.
turnabout, girls stand at partners’ right side.
Saludo - Partners bow to each other to the
Cut - To displace quickly one foot with the
audience, opposite dancers, or to the
other, thus completely taking off the weight
neighbors with feet together. This is used in
of the body from the displaced foot. almost all the Philippine Dances.
Sarok or saroc - Cross the right or left foot Modern Dance
in front of the left or right, bend the body
slightly forward and cross the hands  The rigid and premeditated style of
(forearms) down in front with the right or left ballet made some dancers of 19th
hand (forearm) over the right or left. century to rebel and experiment on
new style that is looser and more
Tap - To tap slightly with the ball or toe of flexible. The result of this
the free foot, flexing the ankle joint and experimentation was the birth of
keeping the weight of the body on the other modern dance in the late 19th
foot. There is no change or transfer of century. It eventually flourished in
weight. the early 20th century. Compared to
ballet, modern dance is freer and
Whirl - To make fast turns by executing more relaxed as it focuses more on
small steps in place to right or left. the dancers’ own interpretations of
MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY DANCE the music rather than on structured
steps as in ballet.
  The proponents of modern dance at usually starts his or her movement from the
the beginning of 1900s included the middle of the body, using the abdomen
American dancers Isadora Duncan muscles to bend or make a round shape at
and Ruth St. Denis and the German the center of the torso while sitting.
Dancer Mary Wigman. Early Modern Moreover, a dancer deliberately changes his
dancers were influenced by the or her body’s shape or size and extends his
revolutionary thinking of the 19th or her limbs depending on the mood and
century French philosopher of emotion he or she wants to express.
movement Francois Delsarte, who
2. Action
developed a system of natural
expressive gestures. Action is the next dance element.
 Ballet is a formal form of dance Actions are the movements that the body
which came not from the United performs. It is the modern dancer’s actions
States but from Russia and France. that make modern dance distinct from
The term ballet is related to the ballet. For instance, modern dance makes a
Italian word “Balleto,” a variation of deliberate use of gravity, as opposed to
the word “ballo,” meaning dance. It classical ballet’s light, floating and airy
can also be attributed to the Latin movement on feet. Ballet creates an illusion
“Ballere” which means “to dance.” of freedom from gravity by effortlessly
Russia and France pioneered ballet jumping and soaring through the air. Modern
dance as public entertainment, and it Dance is different because it utilizes body
spread throughout Europe. weight to enhance movements.
 Ballet art expressions rely on its
precise and highly formalized set of 3. Space
steps and gestures. With light, Space is the third element of dance.
graceful and fluid movements, ballet Space refers to the area where the dancers
dancers perform en pointe (on toe) perform. It describes how he or she
on the dancing area. The en Pointe maximizes the use of space-to-stay in one
dance style became popular during place or move constantly to another. Space
the early 19th century, and it was offers variation to the movements of the
reserved only for women during that dancer. Modern dancers usually assume a
time. multidimensional orientation, thus making
 Women dancers wore an all-white use of all dimensions of space.
dress and white, black or pink
pointed shoes. They also wore 4. Time
leotard, tights and a bell-like wrap
Time, is the fourth element of dance, is
skirt. This classical style of ballet,
when movements are done in a
however, leaves little room for
performance. It is important to observe
creative expression because of its
proper timing in every movement, which is
rigid and premeditated style of
commonly in accordance to the rhythm of
movements.
the music or is synchronized with the
Dance Elements in Modern Dance actions of the other dancer. In modern
dance, there is a parallelism between the
1. Body rhythm of the music and the momentum and
Body is the first element of dance. If impulses, but it is not always the case;
dance is an art form, then the body is the sometimes, the dance is choreographed
instrument used by the artist. In using his or before the music to underscore the
her body, the dancer may be relatively still impulses of the dance movement.
or constantly moving throughout the 5. Energy
performance. In Modern dance, the dancer
 Energy is the last element of dance. It front of the royal courts in Europe,
refers to the force of an action that brings with the upper-class royal blood
character to the movement. In modern members as audience-of the 17th
dance, energy can be shown in the variation 18th century.
of movements.  It was started in United States at the
time of World War 1
Contemporary Dance
 The term ballroom dancing is
 The third period of development of derived from the word “ball’, from the
modern dance happened after the Latin word “bolare’ meaning to
Second World War in 1945. By this dance.
time, modern dance had emerged as  The word ballroom (bol’room) refers
contemporary dance. Contemporary to a room for dancing especially one
dance integrated the techniques and with a polished floor.
styles from social dance, ballet and  Ballroom Dancing is when a couple
modern dance. performed any of the various social
 By the mid-1980s, modern dancers dances that follow a pattern of
were no longer interested with predictable steps.
traditional techniques as they relied  Ballroom dance is a set of partner
more on theatrical elements and the dance which are enjoyed both
use of literary and pictorial devices socially and competitively around the
on their dance styles. world.
 It has an immensely amplified
“Steps in Contemporary Dance” popularity spreading across Europe
Contemporary Dance, just like modern the Americas and Asia.
dance, is emotionally-driven. Thus, it is  In the early 1920’s ballroom dancing
typical for contemporary dancers to competitions started to boom that in
experiment in their dance steps based on 1924, an organization was formed
how they feel and according to the message called the BALLROOM BRANCH OF
that they want to convey. Contemporary THE IMPERIAL SOCIETY OF
dance, however, is also characterized by TEACHERS OF DANCING.
flowing movements mixed with quick and  The objective of this organization
exaggerated steps. The choreography is was to standardize and formalize
also normally edgy in its story telling. ballroom dancing techniques, sets of
steps and music to which it was
Modern dance – is freer and more relaxed danced to.
as it focuses more on the dancers’ own  In 1995, the Olympic Committee
interpretations granted provisional recognition to
Contemporary dance – focuses on Ballroom Dancing or “Dance Sport”.
creating new techniques and style.  Dance sport refers to the
International Standards and
International Latin style dances and
regulated by the World Dance
BALLROOM DANCE
Council (WDC)
 Ballroom dancing is a kind of social  Dancers are judge by diverse criteria
dancing in which two people dance in ballroom competition such as the
as partners. It encourages social poise, the hold or frame, posture,
interaction between dance partners. musicality, expression, timing, body
 The origin of ballroom dancing can alignment and shape, floor craft, foot
be traced back to the European and leg action, strong connection to
court dances-dances performed in
 your partner and to the audience Dance Shoes
and presentation or performances.
Tips in Ballroom Dancing
 Ballroom dancing was a recreation
activity which could only be afforded
by the people in a high-class society.
Nowadays, it is enjoyed by most
people regardless of races, gender,
status, and age in life. Dance Positions Used in Ballroom
 Focus is learning proper and correct
Close Position - The closed position in the
dance techniques makes you enjoy
smooth ballroom dancing is the most basic
dancing. It is necessary in order to
and common position used to move around
execute the whole dance with
the dance floor.
confidence and to prevent from
injuries.
Dancewear and Costumes
 Women and men alike benefit from
having the correct attire when
dancing.
 Light weight and ease of movement
are main requirements when finding
the right outfit.
 This is necessary whether it is just
for practice training or preparation
for a competition. Open facing Position - Is any position
where partners facing each other, apart but
Standard costume
within arm’s reach. Lead and follow are
achieved through the use of various hand
connections, such as the two hand hold as
shown.

Latin Costume

Outside partner (right) - The right outside

partner position is a variation of the closed
position where tracks of the feet are offset to
allow one partner to move toward the
outside of the other partner’s right leg.
 Competition Ballroom Dancing - a slot
where there will be three couples competing
for a “King and Queen of the Ballroom
Night” trophy.

Types of Ballrooms
Waltz - is one of the oldest and smoothest
Promenade position - The promenade ballroom dance styles. It is characterized by
Position is a “V” shaped dance position with “rise and fall” movements in progressive,
man's left side and lady’s right side slightly long, flowing, continuous turns. Waltz shows
open. The direction of travel is towards the the dancers smoothly gliding on the floor.
openside.
Viennese Walts - is a dance characterized
by simple and elegant rotational movements
with a subtle rise and fall.
Cha-cha - is a dance style that expresses
the passion energy and energy of the
dancers through flirtatious gestures. The
cha-cha is one of the liveliest dance steps in
ballroom. Basic steps include synchronized
movements of the dancers while
maintaining alignment.
Fan position - Is an alternative to Open
Facing Position, whereby man and lady are Foxtrot – is a dance style that shows basic
positioned perpendicular to each other with walking and side steps with a combination
a left- or right-hand hold. It is specific to the of slow quick steps in one and two music
Rumba and Cha Cha figure bearing the beats, respectively.
same time.
Quickstep - is essentially the quicker,
swifter version of the foxtrot. When you
master foxtrot, you will surely master the
quick step as well.
Rumba - is a romantic and sensual Latin
dance that demonstrates a love story of love
and passion. It has a variety of sexy dance
steps, making it as one of the sexiest of the
ballroom dances.
Program of Ballroom Tango - is an inanimate, sensual dance that
expresses elements of romance between
Social Ballroom Dancing - a slot in the the dancers shown by their synchronized
program where everyone attending will be movements.
invited to perform on stage with their
partners. Samba - is a type of ballroom dance that
came from Brazil and has a variety of styles
Exhibition Ballroom Dancing - a slot in partnered with an assortment of samba
the program where a group of performers music. While it is usually performed with a
will entertain the attendees. partner, it can also be danced in solo.
Paso Doble - is a dance modeled after the
Spanish bullfight. It originated from the
southern France.
Mambo - is an emotional Latin American
dance characterized by swaying
movements with sensual facial expressions
and arm motions.
Jive - is another form of swing dance
characterized by lively movements. It
originated from the United States.