GEI S02 Bonifacio and Katipunan Movement

Propaganda Movement urgency of reforms to remedy them

• They were scions of good families, highly
Factors That Gave Birth to Philippine
intelligent, educated, patriotic, and
Nationalism:
courageous, who symbolized the flower of
• The influx of liberal ideas (from abroad) Filipino manhood.
• The Spanish revolution (1868) ➢ Marcelo H. del Pilar – A lawyer and a
• The opening of the Suez Canal (1869) journalist, beloved by masses for his
• The Martyrdom of GOMBURZA eloquent Tagalog & fearless defense of the
poor against friar abuses.
Propaganda Movement ➢ Jose Rizal – Physician-novelist and a
splendored genius.
• Peaceful trade or campaign for reforms.
➢ Graciano Lopez Jaena – Greatest orator of
• It was organized and participated by the the propaganda movement.
illustrados. ➢ Mariano Ponce – A medical student & a
• Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and biographical writer.
Graciano Lopez Jaena are the leaders of
the said movement. Other Propagandists:

Rise of the Propaganda Movement ➢ Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo – The
masters of brush.
• It began in 1872, when Fathers Mariano ➢ Pedro Paterno – A lawyer and man of
Gomez, Jose Burgoz, and Jacinto Zamora letters.
were executed at the Luneta. ➢ Antonio Luna – Pharmacist and essayist.
• The Filipino exiles of 1872 and many ➢ Pedro Serrano Laktaw – Teacher-tutor of
patriotic students abroad met in HK, Prince Alfonso de Bourbon (King Alfonso
Singapore, Barcelona, Madrid, Paris, XIII of Spain).
London, and other foreign cities. ➢ Jose Ma. Panganiban – Engr and
• Work of promoting the welfare and musician.
happiness of the fatherland. ➢ Jose Alejandrino – An engr & a political
• Aggressively but peacefully, by means of writer.
writing and speeches, they crusaded for ➢ Isabelo delos Reyes – Folklorist,
reforms to rectify the evils of the Spanish newspaperman, and a scholar.
colonial system. ➢ Dominador Gomez – Physician, orator.
Reforms Desired by the Propaganda Movement Foreign Friends of the Propaganda Movement
1) Equality of the Filipinos & Spaniards b4 the • Foreigners who were lovers of freedom and
laws. justice.
2) Assimilation of the PH as a regular province • Supported Filipino’s campaign for reforms.
of Spain. ➢ Ferdinand Blumentritt – Austrian prof,
3) Restoration of the PH representation in the scholar, Dr. Rizal’s bestie, praised Noli &
Spanish Cortes. Fili, wrote a “Prologue” to Rizal’s annotated
4) Filipinization of the PH parishes and edition of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
expulsion of the friars. Filipinas (Paris, 1890).
5) Human rights for Filipinos such as freedom ➢ Don Juan Atayde – One of the liberal
of speech, freedom of the press, & freedom Spaniards who aided Filipino propaganda,
to meet, & petition for redress of grievances. founded the Circulo Hispano-Filipino in Sept
The Propagandists 1882 (a civic association of Spaniards &
Filos in Madrid), published the newspaper
• Were patriots who waged their movement Revisa del Circulo Hispano-Filipino.
by means of pen and tongue to expose the ➢ Miguel Morayta – Statesman, historian, &
defects of Spanish rule in the PH and the journalist, Rizal’s prof at the Central
 University of Madrid. slavery.” – MH del Pilar’s farewell editorial
➢ Francisco Pi y Margall – Former president • The publication ended on Nov 15, 1895
of the First Spanish Republic. after an existence of 7 years.
➢ Emilio Junoy – A journalist member of the
Cortes. Aims of La Solidaridad:
➢ Manuel Ruiz Zorilla – Parliamentarian, 1) To portray vividly the deplorable condition of
leader of the Spanish Republican Party. the PH.
The Anti-Friar Manifesto of 1888 2) To work peacefully for the political & social
reforms.
• Happened on March 1,1888 3) To combat the evil forces of medievalism
• The anti-friar demonstration of hundreds of and reaction.
Filipino: Led by Doroteo Cortes (Manila 4) To advocated liberal ideas and progress.
patriotic lawyer, assisted by MH del Pilar 5) To champion the legitimate aspirations of
and Jose A. Ramos (a London-educated the Filipino ppl for democracy & happiness.
rich merchant, leading Masonic groups).
Contributors of La Solidaridad:
• It requested the expulsion of the friars from
the PH. ➢ MH del Pilar (Plaridel)
• Submission of an anti-friar manifesto to ➢ Dr. Jose Rizal (Laon Laan)
acting Civil Gov. Jose Centeno addressed ➢ Mariano Ponce (Tigbalang)
to Queen Regent Maria Cristina, titled “Long ➢ Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)
Live the Queen! Long Live the Army! Down ➢ Jose Ma. Panganiban (Jomapa)
with the Friars!” that is maybe written by MH ➢ Dr. Pedro Paterno
del Pilar or Jose A. Ramos. ➢ Antonio Ma. Regidor
• It denounced the anti-Filipino Archbishop ➢ Isabelo delos Reyes
Pedro Payo and the bad friars for meddling ➢ Eduardo de Lete
the movement, enriching themselves ➢ Jose Alejandrino
contrary to their monastic vow of poverty, ➢ Prof Blumentritt
opposing the teaching of the Spanish ➢ Dr. Morayta
language to the Filipinos, & keeping the PH
Literature of the Propaganda Movement
in obscurantism.
• Result: The powerful friars avenged • Despite its political spirit, the PM produced
themselves by persecuting the leaders & certain meritorious literary works w/c
signers of the manifesto, having them contributed to the blossoming of Fil lit.
arrested and thrown into prison but the ➢ Dr Pedro Paterno (Ninay – the 1st Filipino
patriotic demonstrators were pardoned in novel (Madrid, 1885), Sampaguitas – a
1889 as an amnesty was issued by the volume of melodious poems (Madrid, 1880),
Spanish Queen Regent. La Antigua Civilization Tagalog – a historical
book (Madrid, 1887))
La Solidaridad, Organ of Propaganda Movement
➢ Gregorio Sanciangco (El Progreso de
• A newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Filipinas (Madrid, 1881), and a treatise on
Jaena in Barcelona on Feb 5, 1889. colonial and politics in the PH)
• Was created due to the reality that mass ➢ MH del Pilar (Dasalan at Tuksohan, La
media is important in propagating the Soberania Monacal en Filipinas, La
propaganda objectives. Frailocracia, Fray Botod – Fat Friar, he
• Was printed in Barcelona (Feb 15-Oct 31, ridiculed the friars who became very fat for
1889), Madrid (Nov 15, 1895). eating too much and living in luxury at the
• On Dec 15, 1889, MH del Pilar replaced GL expense of poor Filipinos that they abused,
Jaena as its editor. En Tsinelas – In Utter Darkness, his article
• “We are persuaded that there are no in La Solidaridad, he lambasted the biased
sacrifices that are too little to win the rights Spanish writers for their absurdities)
and liberty of a nation that is oppressed by ➢ Antonio Luna (Impressiones – a collection
of essays describing the customs of the
 Spaniards in Madrid) on Jul 3, 1892 in a house at Ilaya St. Tondo.
➢ Jose Ma. Panganiban (La Universidad de • Its constitution was written by Rizal, helped
Filipinas: Plan de Estudios – a critical essay by Jose Ma. Basa.
in La Solidaridad w/c exposed the defects of • Motto: “Unus Instar Omnium” – One Like All
the church-dominated education in the PH) • Aims: 1) Union of the Archipelago into a
➢ Isabelo delos Reyes (El Folk-Lore Filipino, compact, vigorous, and homogeneous body,
Historia de Ilocos) 2) Mutual protection in all cases of pressing
➢ Mariano Ponce (Celebres Filipinos) necessity, 3) Defense against all violence &
➢ Dr. Rizal (Noli Me Tangere, El Fili, La Vision injustice, 4) Encouragement of education,
del Frey Rodriguez – exposed the agriculture, and commerce, 5) Study and
stupidities of Fr. Rodriguez, Por Telefono – application of reforms.
about Fr. Salvador Font) ➢ President: Ambrosio Salvador
➢ Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa
Masonry and The Propaganda Movement
➢ Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
• Many Filo patriots became masons (del ➢ Sec.: Deodato Arellano
Pilar, Jaena, Rizal, Ponce) bcs they needed ➢ Members: Andres Bonifacio, Apolinario
the help of the masons in Spain and in other Mabini, Mamerto Natividad, Ambrosio
foreign countries for their fight for reforms. Rianzares Bautista, Moises Salvador, etc.
• Filipino Masonic lodges in Spain and in PH • However, 3 days after the founding of Liga
raised the needed funds to finance the Filipina, Rizal was arrested by order of Gov.
campaign for reforms in Spain. General Despujol.
• Revolucion – 1st Filipino Masonic lodge • On July 6, 1892, Rizal was exiled to
founded by Jaena in Barcelona, recognized Dapitan, known to be the Liga Filipina’s
on April 1889 by Grande Oriental Espanol collapse.
headed by Don Miguel Morayta, died out on
End of Propaganda Movement
Nov 29, 1890 after Jaena resigned as a
worshipful master. • Rizal’s arrest to Dapitan marks the end of
• Lodge Soidaridad – Organized by MH del the Propaganda Movement.
Pilar and Julio Llorante in Madrid, • Radical members like Andres Bonifacio
recognized on May 1890 by Grande separated from the movement, believing it
Oriental Espanol, Llorante is the worshipful was useless to expect reforms from the
master. Spaniards.
• Lodge Nilad – 1st Filipino Masonic lodge • Los Compromisarios – A group organized
founded by Serrano Laktaw in Mnl in Jan 6, in purpose of prolonging the movement.
1892. • For lack of funds, La Solidaridad died out
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina after its last issue on November 15, 1895.
• The Propaganda Movement failed, but the
• Purpose: Secure reforms for the PH. ideas of freedom and justice which it sowed
➢ President: Don Miguel Morayta paved the ground for the Philippine
➢ V. Pres: Gen. Felipe dela Corte Revolution that the Katipunan and Andres
➢ Sec.: Dominador Gomez Bonifacio began in the hills of Balintawak in
➢ Members: All Filos in Europe, prominent August 1896.
scholars, statesmen of other nationalities.
• 3 Sections: 1) Political Section – MH del
Pilar, 2) Literary Section – MH Ponce, 3)
Recreation Section – Tomas Arejla
• Members met once a month to discuss PH-
Spanish questions and passed resolutions.
Liga Filipina

• A Filipino civic association, founded by Rizal