Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Cessna 172RG Cutlass

Standardization Manual

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 1

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Normal Takeoff and Climb

Objective: To develop the students ability to safely take the aircraft off the
ground and depart to take off area during normal conditions.

Procedure:

1. Visually note wind direction and speed.

2. Taxi onto the runway, aligning the nose wheel with the centerline.
3. Apply full throttle.
4. Maintain directional control with rudder pedals.
5. Announce “Engine instruments in the green, airspeed is alive, _____
RPM/”MP.”
6. Rotate at 55 KIAS.
7. Pitch for 80 KIAS with reference to the natural horizon.
8. Maintain an initial climb speed of 80 KIAS.
9. Retract landing gear at positive rate of climb and no more usable runway
remains.
10. To depart the pattern, continue straight out, or exit with a 45° turn in the
direction of the traffic pattern.
11. At 1000’ AGL, complete the climb checklist.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 2

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Crosswind Takeoff and Climb

Objective: To develop the students ability to safely take the aircraft off the
ground and depart the takeoff area during crosswind conditions.

Procedure:

1. Visually note wind direction and speed.

2. Taxi onto the runway, aligning the aircraft with the centerline.
3. Apply FULL ailerons into the wind with the elevator placed in the neutral
position.
4. Apply full throttle.
5. Maintain directional control with the rudder pedals.
6. Announce “Engine instruments in the green, airspeed is alive, _____
RPM/”MP.”
7. Adjust the ailerons to keep wings level during the ground role.
8. Rotate firmly at 55 KIAS.*
9. Establish a wind correction angle in order to maintain a ground track
which is aligned with the runway centerline.
10. Pitch for 80 KIAS with reference to the natural horizon.
11. Maintain an initial climb speed of 80 KIAS.
12. Retract landing gear at positive rate of climb and no more usable runway
remains.
12. To depart the pattern, continue straight out, or exit with a 45° turn in the
direction of the traffic pattern.
13. At 1000’ AGL, complete the climb checklist.

*Note: The aircraft should be positively rotated to preclude the possibility of skidding
the main gear tires as might be encountered during a gradual rotation. Make a
coordinated turn to maintain ground track.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 3

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Short Field Takeoff and Climb

Objective: To teach the student to obtain maximum performance during the
takeoff phase so as to minimize runway length required for takeoff.

Procedure:

1. Visually note wind direction and speed.

2. Flaps should not be used in this model of aircraft.
3. Taxi onto the runway, aligning the nose wheel with the centerline.
4. Hold the brakes firmly to prevent the aircraft from rolling.
5. Smoothly apply full throttle.
6. Announce “Engine instruments in the green, _____ RPM/”MP.”
7. Smoothly release the brakes and announce “Airspeed is alive.”
8. Maintain directional control with rudder pedals.
9. Lift off at 58 KIAS*.
10. Pitch up to maintain 63 KIAS* until obstacles are cleared.
11. Retract landing gear once safely airborne and positive rate of climb is
assured.
12. After obstacle clearance is assured, pitch for an attitude which will allow
the aircraft to accelerate to either V​ or V​ as appropriate.
x​ y​

13. To depart the pattern, continue straight out, or exit with a 45° turn in the
direction of the traffic pattern.
14. At 1000’ AGL, complete the climb checklist.

*Note: Lift off speed and climb speed are dependent on weight. Consult the
performance section of the POH.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 4

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Soft Field Takeoff and Climb

Objective: To obtain maximum performance when taking off from other than a
smooth, hard surfaced runway.

Procedure:

1. Visually note wind direction and speed.

2. Set flaps to 10°.*
3. Taxi onto the runway while holding full aft elevator.
4. Minimize brake usage while aligning the nose wheel with the centerline.
5. Smoothly apply full throttle without stopping.
6. Maintain directional control with rudder pedals.
7. Announce “Engine instruments in the green, airspeed is alive, _____
RPM/”MP.”
8. As the nose wheel comes off the ground, adjust pitch attitude as
necessary to keep the nose gear just clear of the runway surface.
9. As the main wheels lift off, lower the pitch to a level flight attitude to stay
in ground effect.
10. Accelerate to 65 KIAS and set the pitch to approximate V​ climb attitude
y​

and accelerate to V​ .y​

11. Retract landing gear once safely airborne and positive rate of climb is
assured.
12. Retract flaps after obstacle clearance is assured and pitch for an attitude
which will allow the aircraft to accelerate to either V​ or V​ as appropriate.
x​ y​

13. To depart the pattern, continue straight out, or exit with a 45° turn in the
direction of the traffic pattern.
14. At 1000’ AGL, complete the climb checklist.

*Note: Flaps should only be set to 10​°​ if the gross weight is AT or BELOW 2,550 lbs. If
ABOVE 2,550 lbs, do not use flaps.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 5

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Traffic Pattern Operations

Objective: To develop the ability to conduct safe and efficient arrival and
departure procedures that uncontrolled airports.

Procedure:

1. Complete the Descent Checklist.

2. Determine the active runway and estimate the crosswind component.
3. Pattern altitude must be established at least 2 miles prior to entering the
downwind.
4. Slow the aircraft to 100 KIAS (approximately 15” MP and 2700 RPM).
5. Establish a 45° entry to the midpoint of the downwind leg.
6. Adjust speed and course as appropriate to maintain proper spacing from
aircraft already established in the traffic pattern.
7. Turn downwind at approximately 1/2 to 1 mile from the active runway.
8. Prior to midfield, extend the landing gear and perform the Before Landing
checklist.
a. An increase in MP may be required to maintain 100 KIAS with the
landing gear extended.
9. When abeam the point of intended landing, reduce the throttle to 12” MP,
turn carburetor heat ON, set flaps to 10°, and adjust the pitch attitude to
maintain a 85 KIAS descent.
10. When the touchdown point is positioned 45° behind the wing of the
aircraft, turn onto the base leg and lower the flaps to 20° while maintaining
a 75 KIAS descent.
11. Turn onto the final leg with the airplane aligned on the runway centerline
and lower the flaps as appropriate.
12. Refer to the appropriate landing procedure.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 6

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Flow Check
Objective: To ensure that the aircraft is in a condition appropriate for either the
subsequent maneuver or cruise.

Procedure:

1. Set the fuel selector to BOTH.

a. If a fuel imbalance exists, set the fuel selector to LEFT or RIGHT as
appropriate.*
2. Set power to the appropriate setting.
a. For maneuvers requiring the cruise configuration, set the throttle to 15”
MP and the propeller to 2500 RPM (2600 RPM if above 7,500’ MSL).
b. For maneuvers requiring the landing configuration, set the throttle to
12” MP and the propeller full forward.
3. Adjust the mixture via the EGT.
a. This should be done every time an altitude change of 2,000’ or more
has been accomplished.
4. Set the cowl flaps as required to ensure proper engine temperatures
during the maneuver.
a. If the CHT is approaching 400°, open the cowl flaps.
b. If the maneuver to be performed requires low or idle power, the cowl
flaps should be closed prior to throttle closure.

*Note: The electrical fuel pump does not need to be on in this aircraft before switching
fuel tanks.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 7

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Clearing Procedure
Objective: To teach the students to exercise conscientious and continuous
surveillance of the airspace in which the airplane is being operated and
configure the aircraft for maneuvering flight.

Procedure:

First 90° clearing turn:

1. Perform the flow check.

2. Visually scan the area to the left and right of the aircraft.
3. Pick a visual landmark off the wing tip in the direction of turn to roll out on.
4. Raise the wing in the desired direction of the turn, announce clear
left/right (as appropriate), and enter a 30° bank in that direction.
5. Continuously scan the area ABOVE, BELOW, and AHEAD of the flight
path.
6. After 90° of turn is completed, roll out wings level on your selected
landmark.

Second 90° clearing turn:

7. Visually scan the area to the left and right of the aircraft.
8. Pick a visual landmark off the wing tip in the direction of turn to roll out on.
9. Raise the wing in the opposite direction of the turn, announce clear
left/right (as appropriate), and enter a 30° bank in that direction as the first
90° of heading change.
10. Continuously scan the area ABOVE, BELOW, and AHEAD of the
flightpath.
11. After 90° of turn is completed, roll out wings level on your selected
landmark.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 8

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Maneuvering During Slow Flight

Objective: To teach the student to recognize changes in aircraft flight
characteristics and control effectiveness at critically slow airspeeds in various
configurations.

Procedure:

1. Perform this maneuver so that the recovery takes place at or above 2000’
AGL.
2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
a. The propeller control should be placed full forward in the high RPM
position.
3. Reduce power to 12” MP and turn carburetor heat ON.
4. Extend the gear at or below 140 KIAS for a landing configuration.
5. Pick a visual reference point to assist in maintaining heading.
6. Below 130 KIAS, extend flaps to 10°; below 100 KIAS, extend to 30°.
7. When the airspeed is approximately 10 KIAS above the target airspeed,
add power.

Configuration Target Speed Power Setting*

Cruise 50 KIAS 14” MP

Landing 42 KIAS 17” MP

*Power settings may vary based upon aircraft loading and density altitude.
8. Maintain target airspeed +5 KIAS, -0 KIAS.
9. Turns, climbs, and descents should be practiced.
10. To recover:
a. Smoothly apply full power and apply rudder smoothly to maintain
heading and coordination.
b. Adjust the pitch and trim accordingly to maintain altitude.
c. Retract the flaps to 20°.
d. Retract the landing gear (if extended).
e. Retract the remaining flaps gradually.
11. After the maneuver is complete, trim the aircraft for cruise and complete
the flow check.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 9

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Steep Turns
Objective: To develop smoothness, coordination, orientation, division of
attention, and control techniques while executed high-performance turns.

Procedure:

1. Perform this maneuver so that the recovery takes place at or above 2000’
AGL.
2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
3. Pick a visual reference point to assist in maintaining heading.
4. Perform this maneuver at or below maneuvering speed.
a. 15” MP and 2500/2600 RPM(depending on density altitude) should
yield approximately 100 KIAS.
5. Note the pitch attitude for level flight.
6. Roll into the specified bank angle (Private 45°, Commercial 50°).
7. As the aircraft rolls through 30° of bank:
a. Add power to maintain airspeed.
b. Increase back pressure to maintain altitude.
c. Note the position of the nose relative to the horizon.
8. Trim should be used to relieve back pressure.
9. Begin rolling out of your turn approximately 1/2 the bank angle before
your reference point.
10. As the aircraft rolls through 30° of bank:
a. Reduce the power to maintain airspeed (15” MP and 2500/2600 RPM)
b. Decrease back pressure to maintain altitude.
11. Repeat steps 6-10 for the turn in the opposite direction.
12. After the maneuver is complete, trim the aircraft for cruise and complete
the flow check.

Note: Private Pilots do not need to connect the first and second turn. The first turn may
be made after which, the student may take time to set up for the second turn.
Commercial pilots must complete the second turn immediately after the first.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 10

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Power-Off Stall
Objective: To teach the student to recognize the indications of an imminent or
full stall during power off situations and to make prompt, positive, and effective
recoveries with a minimum loss of altitude.

Procedure:

1. Perform this maneuver so that the recovery is completed at or above

2000’ AGL.
2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
a. The propeller control should be placed full forward in the high RPM
position.
3. Pick a visual reference point to assist in maintaining heading.
4. Reduce power to 12” MP and turn carburetor heat ON.
5. Extend the gear at or below 140 KIAS.
6. Below 130 KIAS, extend flaps to 10°; below 100 KIAS, extend to 30°.
a. Adjust pitch to maintain altitude as flaps are extended.
7. Maintain altitude until 65 KIAS and then establish a stabilized descent
attitude at 65 KIAS.
8. Reduce power to idle while increasing pitch to V​ attitude.
y​

9. Announce each of the three indications of a stall.

10. At the stall:
a. Verbally announce the stall.
b. Lower the pitch attitude sufficiently to break the stall.
c. Use the rudder to maintain directional control.
d. Maintain neutral ailerons.
e. Add full power.
f. Set flaps to 20°.
11. Adjust the pitch to an attitude that allows a positive rate of climb and an
increase in airspeed to V​ .
y​

12. Retract the landing gear.

13. As the aircraft accelerates through 65 KIAS, retract the flaps.
14. Upon reaching the specified recovery altitude, complete the flow check.

Note: This maneuver should be practiced at bank angles of 0-20°.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 11

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Power-On Stall
Objective: To teach the students to recognize the indications of an imminent or
full stall during power on situations and to make prompt, positive, and effective
recoveries with a minimum loss of altitude.

Procedure:

1. Perform this maneuver so that the recovery is completed at or above

2000’ AGL.
2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
a. The propeller control should be placed full forward in the high RPM
position.
3. Pick a visual reference point to assist in maintaining heading.
4. Reduce power to 12” MP and turn carburetor heat ON.
5. Extend the landing gear at or below 140 KIAS.
6. Adjust pitch to maintain altitude.
7. At 55 KIAS, increase throttle to full power, turn carburetor heat OFF, and
retract landing gear.
a. Add right rudder as necessary to maintain coordination.
8. Slowly increase pitch to an attitude which will induce a stall.
9. Verbally announce each of the three indications of a stall.
10. At the stall:
a. Verbally announce the stall.
b. Lower the pitch attitude sufficiently to break the stall.
c. Use the rudder to maintain directional control.
d. Maintain neutral ailerons.
e. Verify full power.
f. Verify flaps up.
11. Adjust the pitch to an attitude that allows a positive rate of climb and an
increase in airspeed to V​ .
y​

12. As the aircraft accelerates through 80 KIAS, lower the pitch to V​ attitude.
y​

13. Upon reaching the specified recovery altitude, complete the flow check.

Note: This maneuver should be practiced at bank angles of 0-20°.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 12

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Secondary Stall
Objective: To teach the student to recognize the effects of improper control
usage after initiating recovery from a stall.

Procedure:

1. Perform this maneuver so that the recovery takes place at or above 3000’
AGL.
2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
a. The propeller control should be placed full forward in the high RPM
position.
3. Pick a visual reference point to assist in maintaining heading.
4. Set up as either a Power-On or Power-Off Stall.
5. Verbally announce each of the three indications of a stall.
6. At the stall:
a. Verbally announce the stall.
b. Lower the pitch attitude sufficiently to break the stall.
c. Use the rudder to maintain directional control.
d. Maintain neutral ailerons.
e. Add or maintain full power.
7. Before recovery, increase pitch attitude for a secondary stall.
8. At the stall:
a. Verbally announce the stall.
b. Lower the pitch attitude sufficiently to break the stall.
c. Use the rudder to maintain directional control.
d. Maintain neutral ailerons.
e. Add or maintain full power.
f. Set flaps to 20° and retract the landing gear (if extended).
9. Adjust the pitch to an attitude that allows a positive rate of climb and an
increase in airspeed to V​ .
y​

10. As the aircraft accelerates through 80 KIAS, lower the pitch to V​ attitude
y​

and incrementally retract flaps 20° (if extended).

11. Upon reaching the specified recovery altitude, complete the flow check.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 13

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Elevator Trim Stall

Objective: To teach the student the effects of not maintaining positive airplane
control during a go-around.

Procedure:

1. Perform this maneuver so that the recovery takes place at or above 3000’
AGL.
2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
a. The propeller control should be placed full forward in the high RPM
position.
3. Pick a visual reference point to assist in maintaining heading.
4. Reduce power to 12” MP and turn carburetor heat ON.
5. Extend the landing gear at or below 140 KIAS.
6. Extend flaps as appropriate to conform with maximum flaps speeds.
a. Adjust pitch to maintain altitude as flaps are extended.
7. Maintain altitude until 65 KIAS and then establish a stabilized approach
attitude at 65 KIAS and trim to maintain attitude.
8. Add full power and turn carburetor heat OFF:
a. Allow the pitch to increase to approximately V​ pitch attitude.
x​

b. Allow the aircraft to roll left.

9. Verbally announce each of the three indications of a stall.
10. When the stall is imminent:
a. Verbally announce the stall.
b. Lower the pitch attitude sufficiently to break the stall.
c. Use the rudder to prevent a spin.
d. Maintain neutral ailerons.
e. Set flaps to 20°.
f. Retract the landing gear.
g. Trim the aircraft.
11. Adjust the pitch to an attitude that allows a positive rate of climb and an
increase in airspeed to V​ .
y​

12. As the aircraft accelerates through 80 KIAS, retract the flaps.

13. Upon reaching the specified recovery altitude, complete the flow check.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 14

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Cross-Control Stall
Objective: To teach the student the effects of not maintaining positive airplane
control during a go-around.

Procedure:

1. Perform this maneuver so that the recovery takes place at or above 3000’
AGL.
2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
a. The propeller control should be placed full forward in the high RPM
position.
3. Reduce power to 12” MP and turn carburetor heat ON.
4. Extend the landing gear at or below 140 KIAS.
5. At 65 KIAS, reduce power to idle.
6. Roll into a left or right bank not to exceed 30°.
7. Apply excessive rudder in the direction of turn and use opposite aileron to
maintain bank angle.
8. Pitch the nose up above the horizon.
9. Verbally announce each of the three indications of a stall.
10. When the stall is imminent:
a. Verbally announce the stall.
b. Lower the pitch attitude slightly below a level pitch attitude.
c. Use coordinated control inputs to maintain directional control and level
the wings.
d. Add full power and turn carburetor heat OFF.
e. Retract the landing gear.
11. Adjust the pitch to an attitude that allows a positive rate of climb and an
increase in airspeed to V​ .
y​

12. Upon reaching the specified recovery altitude, complete the flow check.

Note: Never perform this maneuver with flaps extended.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 15

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Accelerated Stall
Objective: To show the student that a stall is a function of angle of attack rather
than airspeed.

Procedure:

1. Perform this maneuver so that the recovery takes place at or above 3000’
AGL.
2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
a. The propeller control should be placed full forward in the high RPM
position.
3. Reduce power to 12” MP and turn carburetor heat ON.
4. Extend the landing gear at or below 140 KIAS.
5. At 70 KIAS (20 KIAS above Vs):
a. Adjust pitch to maintain altitude.
b. Establish 45° of bank.
c. Smoothly increase back pressure until the onset of the stall (buffet).
6. At the buffet:
d. Verbally announce the onset of the stall.
e. Lower the pitch attitude slightly below a level pitch attitude.
f. Use coordinated control inputs to maintain directional control and level
the wings.
g. Add full power and turn carburetor heat OFF.
h. Retract the landing gear.
7. Adjust the pitch to an attitude that allows a positive rate of climb and an
increase in airspeed to V​ .
y​

8. Upon reaching the specified recovery altitude, complete the flow check.

Note: Never perform this maneuver with flaps extended.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 16

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Spins
This maneuver is not authorized in the Cutlass

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 17

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Chandelles
Objective: To develop the pilots coordination, orientation, planning, and feel for
maximum performance flight and to develop positive control techniques at
varying airspeeds and attitudes.

Procedure:

1. Perform this maneuver so that the recovery takes place at or above 2000’
AGL.
2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
a. The propeller control should be placed full forward in the high RPM
position.
3. Set power to 15” MP.
4. Perform this maneuver at or below maneuvering speed.
5. Pick a 90° reference point off of the aircrafts wing tip.
6. Roll the aircraft into 30° of bank:
a. Add full throttle
7. Increase pitch gradually as to reach a maximum nose up attitude at the
predetermined reference point.
8. At the reference point, slowly start to decrease the bank angle.
9. Increase back pressure as airspeed decreases to maintain a constant
pitch attitude.
10. As the aircraft reaches a heading which places the reference point on the
opposite wing, the bank angle should be 0°.
11. The pitch attitude should be held momentarily while the aircraft is at the
minimum controllable airspeed (just above stall speed).
12. Maintain altitude and heading as airspeed increases to cruise.
13. After the maneuver is complete, trim the aircraft for cruise and complete
the flow check.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 18

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Lazy Eights
Objective: To develop the pilots feel for varying control forces and the ability to
plan and remain oriented while maneuvering the aircraft with positive and
accurate control.

Procedure:

1. Perform this maneuver so that the recovery takes place at or above 2000’
AGL.
2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
3. Perform this maneuver at or below maneuvering speed.
a. 15” MP and 2500/2600 RPM(depending on density altitude) should
yield approximately 100 KIAS.
4. Pick a 45°, 90°, and 135° reference point.
5. Slowly increase bank and pitch to the 45° point.
6. At the 45° point:
a. 15° of bank.
b. Maximum pitch up.
7. Continue to increase bank while decreasing pitch to the 90° point.
8. At the 90° point:
a. 30° of bank.
b. Level pitch.
9. After the 90° point:
a. Slowly decreased bank angle while decreasing pitch attitude.
10. At the 135° point:
a. 15° of bank.
b. Maximum pitch down.
11. At 180° point:
a. Continue to decrease bank angle to achieve wings level while
increasing pitch attitude to the entry pitch attitude.
12. Repeat items 5-12 in the opposite direction.
13. After the maneuver is complete, trim the aircraft for cruise and complete
the flow check.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 19

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Steep Spiral
Objective: To teach the students to demonstrate smoothness, coordination,
orientation, division of attention, and control techniques in the performance of
Steep Spirals.

Procedure:

1. Select an altitude sufficient to continue through a series of at least three

360° turns. Approximate altitude: 4500’ AGL.
2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
a. The propeller control should be placed full forward in the high RPM
position.
3. Pick a visual reference point to assist in maintaining heading.
4. Perform this maneuver at or below maneuvering speed.
a. 15” MP and propeller full forward should yield approximately 100 KIAS.
5. Extend the gear at or below 140 KIAS.
6. Select a suitable ground reference point.
7. Abeam the reference point, close the throttle and turn the carburetor heat
ON.
a. Altitude should be maintained as the aircraft slows to best glide speed
+10 KIAS.
b. Maintain best glide speed +10 KIAS throughout the duration of the
maneuver.
8. Apply wind-drift correction to track a constant radius circle around the
selected reference point with a bank angle not to exceed 60° at steepest
point in the turn.
9. Divide your attention between the airplane control and ground track while
maintaining coordinated flight.
10. Upon completion of each 360° turn, momentarily advance half throttle to
clear the engine.
11. Maintain the specified airspeed, +/-10 KIAS, and roll out facing the
predetermined visual reference point +/-10°.
12. After the maneuver is complete, trim the aircraft for cruise and complete
the flow check.

Note: Unless flown in conjunction with a simulated engine failure, recovery should take
place no lower than 1000’ AGL.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 20

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Rectangular Course
Objective: To teach the student to plan and correct for the effects of wind while
maneuvering the aircraft over a predetermined ground path.

Procedure:

1. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.

2. Perform this maneuver at or below maneuvering speed.
a. 15” MP and 2500/2600 RPM(depending on density altitude) should
yield approximately 100 KIAS.
3. Determine the wind direction.
4. Select a rectangular area from which an emergency landing can be made
should the need arise.
5. Plan to enter the maneuver for either a left or right pattern.
6. Enter the maneuver at 800-1000’ AGL.
7. Enter the downwind on a 45° angle.
8. Throughout the maneuver, establish a crab angle to maintain a uniform
distance around the rectangular reference area at approximately 1/2 mile.
9. Very the bank angle as appropriate based upon groundspeed to maintain
a constant radius during the turns.
10. At least one lap of the rectangle is required though more may be
completed for practice purposes.
11. After the maneuver is complete, trim the aircraft for cruise and complete
the flow check.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 21

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Turns Around A Point

Objective: To teach the student to plan and correct for the effects of wind while
maneuvering the aircraft over a predetermined ground path.

Procedure:

1. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.

2. Perform this maneuver at or below maneuvering speed.
a. 15” MP and 2500/2600 RPM(depending on density altitude) should
yield approximately 100 KIAS.
3. Determine the wind direction.
4. Select a reference point from which an emergency landing can be made
should the need arise.
5. Enter the maneuver at 800-1000’ AGL.
6. Recommended entry for the maneuver is on the downwind.*
7. Begin the turn once the wing is abeam the point.
8. Very the bank angle as appropriate based upon groundspeed to maintain
a constant radius during the turns.
a. The steepest bank angle should not exceed 45°.
9. At least one lap of the maneuver is required though more may be
completed for practice purposes.
10. After the maneuver is complete, trim the aircraft for cruise and complete
the flow check.

*Note: At the discretion of the flight instructor, entries other than those made on the
downwind shall be practiced to verify the understanding of the relationship between
groundspeed and required bank angle.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 22

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

S-Turns Across A Road

Objective: To teach the student to plan and correct for the effects of wind while
maneuvering the aircraft over a predetermined ground path.

Procedure:

1. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.

2. Perform this maneuver at or below maneuvering speed.
a. 15” MP and 2500/2600 RPM(depending on density altitude) should
yield approximately 100 KIAS.
3. Determine the wind direction.
4. Select a reference line that is perpendicular to the wind which allows for a
power off glide to a suitable landing field.
5. Enter the maneuver at 800-1000’ AGL.
6. Enter the maneuver on the downwind.
7. Begin the turn back towards the reference line once the wing is abeam the
reference line.
8. Very the bank angle as appropriate based upon groundspeed to maintain
a constant radius during the turns.
a. Adjust the pitch attitude to maintain altitude.
b. The steepest bank angle should not exceed 45°.
9. The wings should be level and in transit to the opposite direction turn as
the aircraft crosses the reference line.
10. Repeat steps 7-9 in the opposite direction.
11. After the maneuver is complete, trim the aircraft for cruise and complete
the flow check.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 23

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Eights-On-Pylons
Objective: To teach the student to maneuver an aircraft at a pivotal altitude
around ground reference points while maintaining division of attention,
coordination, and smooth control inputs.

Procedure:

1. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.

2. Perform this maneuver at or below maneuvering speed.
a. 15” MP and 2500/2600 RPM(depending on density altitude) should
yield approximately 100 KIAS.
3. Determine the wind direction.
4. Select two reference points perpendicular to the wind direction from
which an emergency landing can be made should the need arise.
5. Determine the pivotal altitude by squaring the ground speed and dividing
the result by 11.3.
6. Enter the maneuver 45° to the downwind.
7. Once abeam the pylon, begin the turn.
a. The steepest bank angle should not exceed 40°.
8. Vary altitude to maintain the reference line on the pylon.
a. Pylon forward - pitch down and reduce bank angle.
b. Pylon rearward - pitch up and increase bank angle.
9. Plan rollout from first pylon to allow for a 45° entry an 3-5 seconds of level
flight to the next pylon.
10. Once abeam the second pylon, begin to turn in the opposite direction.
11. After completing the turn around the second pylon, depart the maneuver
on the entry heading.
12. After the maneuver is complete, trim the aircraft for cruise and complete
the flow check.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 24

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Loss of 02 Emergency Descent

Objective: To develop the student’s ability to descend the airplane as rapidly as
possible, within the limitations of the airplane.

Procedure:

1. Brief passengers on the maneuver.

2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
a. The propeller control should be placed full forward in the high RPM
position.
3. Reduce power to idle and turn the carburetor heat ON.
4. Extend the gear at or below 140 KIAS and close the cowl flaps.
5. Lower the pitch of the aircraft while rolling into a 45° bank.
6. Adjust the pitch of the aircraft to maintain 100 KIAS.
7. Roll out of the maneuver after 90° of heading change by first rolling wings
level and then pitching up.
8. Use a 30° S-turn to clear the area.
9. Smoothly advance the throttle to 12” MP in order to slow down to V​lo​/V​fe
or slower.
10. Retract the landing gear at or below 140 KIAS.
11. After the maneuver is complete, trim the aircraft for cruise and complete
the flow check.

Note: Enriching of the mixture may be required at the end of the maneuver PRIOR to
advancing the throttle.

Note: This maneuver is permitted only on dual flights.

Note: Recover no lower than 500’ AGL.

Caution: Do NOT exceed ​V​no​ unless in smooth air. Use V​a​ when necessary.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 25

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Engine Fire Emergency Descent

Objective: To develop the student’s ability to descend the airplane as rapidly as
possible, within the limitations of the airplane.

Procedure:

1. Brief passengers on the maneuver.

2. Complete the flow check and CRAGS.
a. The propeller control should be placed full forward in the high RPM
position.
3. Simulate the Engine Fire checklist.
4. Reduce power to idle and turn the carburetor heat ON.
5. Extend the gear at or below 140 KIAS and close the cowl flaps.
6. Lower the pitch of the aircraft while rolling into a 45° bank.
7. Adjust the pitch of the aircraft to maintain 100 KIAS.
8. Roll out of the maneuver after 90° of heading change by first rolling wings
level and then pitching up.
9. Use a 30° S-turn to clear the area.
10. Smoothly advance the throttle to 12” MP in order to slow down to V​lo​/V​fe
or slower.
11. Retract the landing gear at or below 140 KIAS.
12. After the maneuver is complete, trim the aircraft for cruise and complete
the flow check.

Note: Enriching of the mixture may be required at the end of the maneuver PRIOR to
advancing the throttle.

Note: This maneuver is permitted only on dual flights.

Note: Recover no lower than 500’ AGL.

Caution: Do NOT exceed ​V​no​ unless in smooth air. Use V​a​ when necessary.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 26

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Diversion
Objective: To develop skills necessary for plotting a new course and determining
a new ETA while en route.

Procedure:

1. When diverting to a nearby airport (25 NM or less) and fuel is not critical,
students will be expected to make estimates with a reasonable degree of
accuracy rather than actual computations.
2. Note the starting position and time.
3. Determine location of new destination.
4. Turn into an estimated heading that will avoid any restricted or special use
airspace, obstructions, or adverse weather.
5. Select some prominent landmarks to aid in flying the new course.
6. Determine distance and magnetic heading.
7. Compute ETE, ETA, fuel required, and compass heading.
8. Amend the flight plan with the appropriate Flight Service Station.
a. The pilot should check all applicable NOTAMs and TFRs for the
diversion airport as well as the surrounding airspace.
9. Brief new destination airport information.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 27

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Lost Procedures
Objective: To gain proficiency in determining aircraft position and the
corrections needed to reestablish the aircraft on course.

Procedure:

1. If unable to determine aircrafts position, complete the 6 C’s.

a. CONFESS - Admit to yourself that you are lost.
b. CONSERVE - Reduce throttle and lean the mixture to get better fuel
economy.
c. CLIMB - Climb to avoid obstructions, increase visibility, and improve
radio reception.
d. CIRCLE - Pick a nearby landmark and stay in its general vicinity.
i. Use topographical features and/or electronic navigation to
determine your position.
A. Topographical features:
I. Align the directional gyro with the magnetic compass.
II. Turn the sectional chart to match your heading.
III. Look outside to find prominent landmarks.
IV. Match the landmarks to the chart.
B. Electronic Navigation:
I. Align the directional gyro with the magnetic compass.
II. If using GPS, select the nearest USABLE airport and initiate
the Direct To function.
III. If using a ground based Navaid, tune and identify the
appropriate available station or stations and determine
approximate location.
ii. If location is determined, return to the original course or initiate a
diversion.
e. COMMUNICATE - Talk to ATC or FSS.
f. COMPLY - Follow ATC or FSS instructions.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 28

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Normal Approach and Landing

Objective: To develop the students ability to safely and accurately land the
airplane in a designated area.

Procedure:

1. Fly the traffic pattern following the Traffic Pattern Operations procedure
on page 6 of this document.
2. On the Final leg:
a. Set the flaps to 30°.
b. Adjust pitch and power to maintain the descent to touchdown point at
65 KIAS.
i. Add 1/2 gust factor as necessary.
3. Once landing is assured, reduce power to idle and continue the flare to
touchdown on the main tires within 200’ beyond a specified point.
4. Hold the nose gear off of the runway with back-pressure.
5. After the nose wheel has touched the ground, gently apply brakes while
maintaining runway centerline.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 29

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Crosswind Approach and Landing

Objective: To develop the students ability to safely land the aircraft on the
ground during crosswind conditions.

Procedure:

1. Fly the traffic pattern following the Traffic Pattern Operations procedure
on page 6 of this document.
2. Note the wind direction and speed.
3. On the Final leg:
a. Set the flaps as appropriate to the wind speed.
b. Ensure that the airspeed is slightly faster than for a normal landing.
i. Add 1/2 gust factor as necessary.
4. Maintain runway centerline and directional control with a “Side Slip.”
5. Once landing is assured, reduce power to idle and continue the flare to
touchdown on the main tires.
6. Land on the upwind main tire first within 200’ beyond a specified point
and then set the downwind main tire down on the runway in a controlled
and deliberate manner.
7. Hold the nose gear off of the runway with back-pressure.
8. After the nose wheel has touched the ground, gently apply brakes while
maintaining runway centerline.
9. Adjust the ailerons to keep the wings level during the ground roll.
10. Continue the appropriate crosswind correction for all taxi operations.

Note: With less than full flaps, the airplane will be in a higher nose-up attitude.

Note: Commercial students will be required to demonstrate the “Crab and Kick”
technique of Crosswind Landing.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 30

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Short Field Approach and Landing

Objective: To teach the students how to obtain maximum performance from the
aircraft so that the landing may be consistently accomplished with precision in a
short distance.

Procedure:

1. Fly the traffic pattern following the Traffic Pattern Operations procedure
on page 6 of this document.
2. On the Final leg:
a. Set the flaps to 30°.
b. Adjust pitch and power to maintain the descent to touchdown point at
63 KIAS.
i. Add 1/2 gust factor as necessary.
3. Maintain the predetermined aiming point with pitch and power corrections
until approaching the round out.
4. At the round out, reduce the power to idle and continue the flare to
touchdown at the predetermined point within 100’ on the main tires first.
5. In a controlled and deliberate manner, lower the nose gear to the runway.
6. After the nose wheel has touched the ground, apply full back pressure
with the yoke.
7. Retract the flaps to zero while verbalizing that the flap switch is being
actuated as opposed to the landing gear lever.
8. Smoothly apply maximum braking without locking up the wheels and
maintain runway centerline.

Note: This maneuver is NOT complete until the aircraft has come to a COMPLETE stop.

Note: Approach speed should be increased as required (typically 5 to 15 KIAS) if

turbulence or wind shear conditions exist.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 31

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Soft Field Approach and Landing

Objective: To teach the student to obtain maximum performance from the
airplane so that a soft touchdown at the slowest possible airspeed can be
accomplished.

Procedure:

1. Fly the traffic pattern following the Traffic Pattern Operations procedure
on page 6 of this document.
2. On the Final leg:
a. Set the flaps to 30°.
b. Adjust pitch and power to maintain the descent to touchdown point at
65 KIAS.
i. Add 1/2 gust factor as necessary.
3. A slight amount of power should be maintained during touchdown.
4. Close the throttle during the rollout.
5. Hold the nose gear off of the runway with back pressure.
6. The flaps should remain extended until clear of the runway.
7. After the nose wheel has touched the ground, maintain the runway
centerline and do NOT apply brakes.
8. Maintain elevator back pressure while taxiing on a soft surface.

Note: This maneuver is NOT complete until the aircraft is clear of the runway.

Note: Approach speed should be increased as required (typically 5 to 15 KIAS) if

turbulence or wind shear conditions exist.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 32

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Power-Off 180°
Objective: To teach the student to develop judgement in estimating distances
and glide ratios to accurately touch down on a previously chosen point on the
runway.

Procedure:

1. Fly the traffic pattern following the Traffic Pattern Operations procedure
on page 6 of this document.
2. Ensure that the landing gear is down at or before midfield downwind and
perform the Before Landing checklist.
3. When the aircraft is abeam the point of intended landing, reduce the
throttle to idle, turn carburetor heat ON, and maintain altitude until
reaching the appropriate best glide speed.
4. Use the flaps and propeller control as necessary to maintain desired
descent gradient.
5. At the round out, continue the flare to touchdown on the main tires first.
6. Touch down within 200’ beyond a specified point.
7. In a controlled and deliberate manner, lower the nose gear to the runway.
8. Retract the flaps to zero while verbalizing that the flap switch is being
actuated as opposed to the landing gear lever.
9. After the nose wheel has touched the ground, gently apply brakes while
maintaining runway centerline.

Note: Certain aircraft weights call for glide speeds below 65 KIAS which is the
minimum approach speed for this aircraft with the gear and the flaps down. Ensure that
speed on final is at least 65 KIAS. This speed should be increased as required (typically
5 to 15 KIAS) if turbulence or wind shear conditions exist.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 33

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Forward Slip To Landing

Objective: To teach the student to dissipate altitude without increasing the
airplane’s speed during a forward slip to landing.

Procedure:

1. Fly the traffic pattern following the Traffic Pattern Operations procedure
on page 6 of this document.
2. Do not descend below 500’ AGL until the Final leg.
3. On the Final leg:
a. Reduce the throttle to idle and turn carburetor heat ON.
b. Note the wind direction.
c. Smoothly apply full rudder in the opposite direction of the wind.
d. Use opposite aileron to slip into the wind.
e. Fly at an airspeed of 65 KIAS.
f. Add 1/2 gust factor as necessary.
4. At the round out, align the airplane with the runway centerline by releasing
rudder pressure and adjust the ailerons as necessary to keep the wings
level.
5. Flare to touch down on the main wheels first within 400’ beyond a
specified point.
6. After the nose wheel is down, gently apply brakes.

Note: Because of the location of the pitot tube and static port, the airspeed indicator
may have a considerable degree of error.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 34

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Go-Around
Objective: To teach the student to discontinue the approach and attempt
another approach under more favorable conditions.

Procedure:

1. Should the decision be made to go-around, the following should be

accomplished in order:
a. Smoothly increase the throttle to the full open position.
b. Retract the landing gear with a positive rate of climb.
c. Retract the flaps to 20°.
d. Pitch up to an attitude which will obtain 55 KIAS.
e. Open the cowl flaps.
f. Retract the remaining flaps incrementally once a positive rate of climb
has been established and speed has increased to 65 KIAS.
g. Accelerate to V​ .
y​

2. At traffic pattern altitude, lower pitch to a level flight attitude and adjust
power as necessary (approximately 15” MP and 2700 RPM) to maintain
100 KIAS.
3. To depart the pattern, continue straight out, or exit with a 45° turn in the
direction of the traffic pattern.
4. At 1000’ AGL, complete the climb checklist.

Note: The earlier a dangerous situation is recognized, the sooner a decision to reject
the landing and begin a go-around, the safer the maneuver will be.

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 35

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Traffic Pattern

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 36

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Precision Approach

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 37

 Revision 6 - ​4/02/2018

Non-precision Approach

Cessna 172RG Cutlass 38