100% found this document useful (4 votes)
4K views136 pages

Maths

This document appears to be the answer key for a mathematics workbook. It contains answers and explanations for exercises related to rational numbers from chapters 1-3. The chapters cover topics like properties of rational numbers, representing rational numbers on a number line, and finding rational numbers between two given rational numbers. The document is printed by Holy Faith International and contains over 150 pages of content.

Uploaded by

pratimasahoo2255
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (4 votes)
4K views136 pages

Maths

This document appears to be the answer key for a mathematics workbook. It contains answers and explanations for exercises related to rational numbers from chapters 1-3. The chapters cover topics like properties of rational numbers, representing rational numbers on a number line, and finding rational numbers between two given rational numbers. The document is printed by Holy Faith International and contains over 150 pages of content.

Uploaded by

pratimasahoo2255
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 136

HOLY FAITH

Mathematics
Workbook
Answer Key

8
HOLY FAITH INTERNATIONAL (P) LTD.

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 1 1/27/2022 12:04:40 PM


C ON T E
N
T
S
1. Rational Numbers 3

2. Linear Equations in One Variable 6

3. Understanding Quadrilaterals 22

4. Practical Geometry 32

5. Data Handling 40

6. Squares and Square Roots 46

7. Cubes and Cube Roots 60

8. Comparing Quantities 64

9. Algebraic Expressions and Identities 72

10. Visualising Solid Shapes 86

11. Mensuration 92

12. Exponents and Powers 102

13. Direct and Inverse Proportions 107

14. Factorisation 118

15. Introduction to Graphs 127

16. Playing with Numbers 132

Printed at : M. GULAB SINGH & SONS (P) LTD.


B-5/14, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad (U.P.)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 2 1/22/2022 12:46:05 PM


CHAPTER

1 Rational Numbers

UNIT-1: 
1.1 Introduction, 1.2 Properties of Rational Numbers, 1.2.1 Closure,
1.2.2 Commutativity, 1.2.3 Associativity, 1.2.4 The Role of Zero (O),
1.2.5 The Role of 1, 1.2.6 Negative of a Number, 1.2.7 Reciprocal,
1.2.8 Distributivity of Multiplication Over Addition for Rational Numbers,
Exercise 1.1

A. Fill in the blanks:


1. rational number 2. closed 3. 0 4. b + a 5. Zero
6. 1
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a)

Sums Based on Exercise 1.1

–2 3 5 3 1 –2 3 3 1 5
1. (i) × + – × = × – × +
3 5 2 5 6 3 5 5 6 2
(Using commutativity of rational numbers)
–3 2 1 5
=   ×  +  +   (Distributivity)
 5  3 6 2
–3 2 × 2 + 1 5  – 3   5  5
= × + = × +
 5   6  2  5  6 2
–3 5 – 3 + 5 × 3   – 3 + 15  12
= + = + = = 2
 6  2  6   6  6

2 – 3 1 3 1 2 2 –3 1 2 1 3

(ii) × – × + × = × + × – × By commutativity)
5  7 6 2 14 5 5  7 14 5 6 2
2  3 1 1 2 – 3 × 2 + 1 1 2 – 5 1
= × – + – = × – = × –
5  7 14 4 5  14 4 5  14 4
1 1 –4–7 – 11
=– – = =
7 4 28 28
–4 –2
2. (i) Additive inverse = (ii) Additive inverse =
8 5
6 20
(iii) Additive inverse = (iv) Additive inverse =
9 6

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 3

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 3 1/27/2022 11:57:25 AM


–10
The additive inverse of x = 10 is –x = –10 as 10 +
3. (i) =0
15 15 15  15 
–10
This equality 10 + = 0 represents that the additive inverse of – 10 is 10
15  15  15 15
10 10
or it can be said that – –  = i.e. –(–x) = x
 15 15

(ii) The additive inverse of x = –12 is –x = 12 as – 12 + 12 = 0


17 17 17 17
This equality –12 + 12 = 0 represents that the additive inverse of 12 is –12 i.e.
17 17 17 17
–(–x) = x

4. (i) Multiplicative inverse = – 1    (ii) Multiplicative inverse = 56


12 12
(iii) Multiplicative inverse = – 20 (v) Multiplicative inverse = 2
14
(iv) Multiplicative inverse = 5 (vi) Multiplicative inverse = –1
2
5. (i) 1 is the multiplicative identity.     (ii) Commutativity.
(iii) Multiplicative inverse.
7 4 7 16 –112 –2
6. ×  Reciprocal of – = ×– = = = –2
14  16 14 4 56 1
7. Associativity.
8. If it is the multiplicative inverse, then the product should be 1.
However here the product is not 1 as
7 2 7 9
×  –1 = ×  – = –1 ≠ 1
9  7 9  7
1 5
9. 2 =
2 2
1 5 2 5 1
0.2 × 2 = 0.2 × = × =
2 2 10 2 2
1 1
Here, the product is . Hence 0.2 is not the multiplicative inverse of 2 .
2 2
10. (i)  0 is rational number but its reciprocal is not defined.
(ii) 1 and –1 are the rational numbers that are equal to their reciprocals.
(iii) 0 is the rational number that is equal to its negative.
11. (i) Zero (ii) reciprocals (iii) –5 (iv) 0
(v) two, rational number (vi) positive

4 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 4 1/17/2022 4:16:47 PM


UNIT-2: 
1.3 Representation of Rational Numbers on the Number Line, 1.4 Rational
Numbers between Two Rational Numbers, Exercise 1.2

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. denominator 2. countless
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True

Sums Based on Exercise 1.2

5
1. (i) can be represented on the number line as follows
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
0 1 2
4
(ii) – can be represented on the number line as follows
6
−4
6

−2 −1 0

–2 –5 –9
2. , , can be represented on the number line as follows.
11 11 11
–9 –5 –2
11 11 11
–11 0
11
21
3. 3 can be represented as
7
Therefore, five rational numbers smaller than 3 are

20 19 18 17 16
, , , , .
7 7 7 7 7

–2 1 –8 10
4. and can be represented as and respectively.
5 2 20 20

–2 1 –7 6 5 4 3
Therefore, five rational numbers between and are , , , , .
5 2 20 20 20 20 20

1 1 8 16
5. and can be represented as and
4 2 32 32
1 1 9 10 11 12 13
∴ Five rational numbers between and are, , , , ,
4 2 32 32 32 32 32

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 5

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 5 1/27/2022 11:58:10 AM


– 14
6. – 2 can be represented as
7
– 13 – 12 – 11 – 10 – 9
∴ 5 rational numbers greater than – 2 are , , , ,
7 7 7 7 7

Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
3
1.
no 2. 1 and –1 3. infinite 4. positive 5.
4
B.
State whether the following statements are True or False.
1.
False
p
If is a rational number then, p can be equal to any integer i.e p can be zero.
q
2. True 3. True 4. False
x c x c
If is the additive inverse of , then + = 0.
y d y d
5. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d)

CHAPTER

2 Linear Equations in One Variable

UNIT-1: 2.1 Introduction, 2.2 Solving Equations which have Linear Expressions on


One Side and Numbers on the Other Side, Exercise 2.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. algebraic. 2. equality 3. Right Hand Side (RHS)
B. State whether the following statement is True or False.
1. True
Sums Based on Exercise 2.1

1. x – 3 = 6 4 17
2. +x=
Transposing 3 to R.H.S., we obtain 7 7
Transposing 4 to R.H.S., we obtain
x = 6 + 3 = 9 7
17 4 13
x= – =
7 7 7
3.
6=z+3
4. 4x = 8
Transposing 3 to L.H.S., we obtain
Dividing both sides by 4, we obtain
6 – 3 = z 4x 8
∴ z = 3 =      ∴ x = 2
4 4

6 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 6 1/17/2022 4:16:48 PM


t 6. 18 + 6p = 9
5.
= 10
6 Transposing 18 to R.H.S., we obtain
t
∴ × 10 = 10 × 6 6p = 9 – 18
6
∴ t = 60 ∴ 6p = –9
Dividing both sides by 6, we obtain
6x
7. = 12 6p 9
3 = –
3 6 6
Multiplying both sides by , we obtain
6
3
6x 3 3
∴ × = 12 ×     ∴ x = 6 ∴ p = – 2
3 6 6
y x 6
8. 1.7 = 9. +1=
1.4 2 12
Multiplying both sides by 1.4, we Transposing 1 to R.H.S., we obtain
obtain x 6
= –1
y 2 12
1.7 × 1.4 = × 1.4
1.4 x 6 – 12
∴ =
∴ y = 2.38 2 12
10. 6x – 5 = 15 x 6
∴ = –
Transposing 5 to R.H.S., we obtain 2 12
6x = 5 + 15 Multiplying both sides by 2, we obtain
6x = 20 x 6
Dividing both sides by 6, we obtain ∴ ×2=– ×2
2 12
6x 20
∴ =
6 6 ∴ x = –1
20
∴ x =
6

UNIT-2: 2.3 Some Applications, Exercise 2.2

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. 25 and 30 2. 1 3. 5 cm 4. x + 3x = 40
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. True 3. False
Sums Based on Exercise 2.2

1. Let the number be x On transposing 2 to R.H.S., we obtain


According to the question, x = 2 + 2
(x – 2) × 2 = 4 ∴ x = 4
On dividing both sides by 2, we obtain Therefore, the number is 4.
2 4
(x – 2) × =
2 2
∴ x – 2 = 2

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 7

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 7 1/17/2022 4:16:48 PM


2.
Let the breadth be × m. The length 4.Let one number be x. Therefore, the
will be (2x + 2) m other number will be x + 10
∴ Perimeter of swimming pool = 2 According to the question,
(l + b) = 164 m x + x + 10 = 85
∴ 2 (2x + 2 + x) = 164 ∴ 2x + 10 = 85
∴ 2 (3x + 2) = 164 On transposing 10 to R.H.S., we obtain
Dividing both sides by 2, we obtain 2x = 85 – 10     ∴ 2x = 75
2(3x + 2) 164 On dividing both sides by 2, we obtain
=
2 2 2x 75
∴ 3x + 2 = 82 =
2 2
On transposing 2 to R.H.S., we obtain ∴ x = 37.5
3x = 82 – 2 ∴ x + 10 = 37.5 + 10 = 47.5
∴ 3x = 80 Hence, the numbers are 37.5 and 47.5
On dividing both sides by 3, we obtain 5. Let the common ratio between these
3x 80
= numbers be x.
3 3 Therefore, the numbers will be 4x and
∴ x = 26.67 2x respectively.
2x + 2 = 2(26.67) + 2 = 55.34 Difference between these numbers
Hence, the breadth and length of = 16
the pool are 26.67 m and 55.34 m ∴ 4x – 2x = 16
respectively. ∴ 2x = 16
Dividing both sides by 2,
3. Let the length of equal sides be x cm.
Perimeter = x cm + x cm + Base 2x 16
=
2 2 2
= 4 cm
8 ∴ x = 8
4 34 First number = 4x = 4 × 8 = 32
∴ 2x + =
3 8 Second number = 2x = 2 × 8 = 16
4 6. Let three consecutive integers be x, x
On transposing to R.H.S., we obtain
3 + 1 and x + 2
34 4 Sum of these numbers
2x = –
8 3 = x + x + 1 + x + 2 = 45
   (3) (8) ∴ 3x + 3 = 45
102 – 32 On transposing 3 to R.H.S., we obtain
∴ 2x =
24 3x = 45 – 3
70 ∴ 3x = 42
∴ 2x =
24 On dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
On dividing both sides by 2, we obtain 3x 42
   35 =      ∴ x = 14
3 3
2x 70 1 ∴ x + 1 = 14 + 1 = 15
= ×
2 24 2 ∴ x + 2 = 14 + 2 = 16
35 11 Hence, the consecutive integers are
∴ x = =1
24 24 14, 15, and 16
Therefore, the length of equal sides
11 7. Let the two consecutive multiples of 8
is 1 cm. be 8x, 8(x + 1)
24
8 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 8 1/17/2022 4:16:49 PM


∴ 8(x + x + 1) = 888 8.Let three consecutive integers be x, x
∴ 8 (2x + 1) = 888 + 1, x + 2
On dividing both sides by 8, we obtain According to the question,
8(2x + 1) 888 2x + 3(x + 1) + 4 (x + 2) = 56
=
8 8 ∴ 2x + 3x + 3 + 4x + 8 = 56
∴ 2x + 1 = 111 ∴ 9x + 11 = 56
On transposing 1 to R.H.S., we obtain On transposing 11 to R.H.S., we obtain
2x = 111 – 1 ∴ 2x = 110 9x = 56 – 11     ∴ 9x = 45
On dividing both sides by 2, we obtain On dividing both sides by 9, we obtain
2x 110 9x 45
= ∴ x = 55 =
2 2 9 9
First multiple = 8x = 8 × 55 = 440 ∴ x = 5
Second multiple = 8(x +1)=8(55 +1) ∴ x + 1 = 5 + 1 = 6
= 8(56) = 448 ∴ x + 2 = 5 + 2 = 7
Hence, the required numbers are 440, Hence, the numbers are 5, 6 and 7
448
9. Let common ratio between Reema’s age and Mehul’s age be x.
Therefore, age of Reema and Mehul will be 6x years and 6x years respectively.
After 4 years, the age of Reema and Mehul will be (6x + 4) years and (6x + 4) years
respectively.
According to the given question, after 4 years, the sum of the ages of Reema and
Mehul is 44 years.
∴ (6x + 4 + 6x + 4) = 44 ∴ 12x + 8 = 44
On transposing 8 to R.H.S., we obtain
12x = 44 – 8 ∴ 12x = 36
On dividing both sides by 12, we obtain
12x 36
= ∴ x = 3
12 12
Reema’s age = 6x years = (6 × 3) = 18 years.
Mehul’s age = 6x years = (6 × 3) = 18 years.
10. Let the common ratio between the number of boys and number of girls be x
Number of boys = 7x
Number of girls = 5x
According to the given question,
Number of boys = Number of girls + 10 ∴ 7x = 5x + 10
On transposing 5x to L.H.S., we obtain
∴ 7x – 5x = 10 ∴ 2x = 10
On dividing both sides by 2, we obtain
2x 10
= ∴x=5
2 2
Number of boys = 7x = 7×5 = 35
Number of girls = 5x = 5×5 = 25
Hence, total class strength = 35+25
= 60 students

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 9

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 9 1/17/2022 4:16:49 PM


11.Let Dhruvi’s father’s age be x years.
Therefore, Dhruvi’s age and Dhruvi’s grandfather’s age will be (x – 30) years and
(x + 28) years respectively.
According to the given question, the sum of the ages of these 3 people is 141 years.
∴ x + x – 30 + x + 28 = 142 ∴ 3x – 2 = 142
On transposing 2 to R.H.S., we obtain
3x = 142 + 2
∴ 3x = 144
On dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
3x 144
= ∴ x = 48
3 3
Dhruvi’s father’s age = x years = 48 years
Dhruvi’s age = (x – 30) years = (48 – 30) years = 18 years
Dhruvi’s grandfather’s age = (x + 28) years = (48 + 28) = 76 years.
12. Let Parthiv’s present age be x years Eighteen years later, Parthiv’s age = 4x
x + 18 = 4x
On transposing x to R.H.S., we obtain
18 = 4x – x ∴ 18 = 3x
On dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
18 3x
= ∴ x = 6
3 3
Hence, Parthiv’s present age = 6 years
13.
Let the number be x
According to the given question,
2 –8
7 x + =
5 3 15
–8 2
2 7
On transposing to R.H.S., we obtain x = 15 – 3
3 5
(1) (5)
7 –8 – (2 × 5) 7 18
∴ x =    ∴ x = –
5 15 5 15
5
On multiplying both sides by , we obtain
7
18 5 6
x = – × =–
15 7 7
6
Hence, the rational number is –
7
14. Let the common ratio between the numbers of notes of different denominations be x.
Therefore, numbers of ` 100, ` 50, and ` 10 notes will be 2x, 3x, and 5x respectively.
Amount of ` 100 notes = ` (100 × 2x ) = ` 200x
Amount of ` 50 notes = ` (50 × 3x) = ` 150x

10 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 10 1/17/2022 4:16:49 PM


Amount of ` 10 notes = ` (10 × 5x) = ` 50x
It is given that total amount is ` 500,000
∴ 200x + 150x + 50x = 500,000
⇒       400x = 500,000
On dividing both sides by 400, we obtain x = 1250
Number of ` 100 notes = 2x = 2 × 1250 = 2500
Number of ` 50 notes = 3x = 3 × 1250 = 3750
Number of ` 10 notes = 5x = 5 × 1250 = 6250
15. Let the number of ` 5 coins be x.
Number of ` 2 coins = 3 × number of ` 5 coins = 3x
Number of ` 1 coins = 160 – (Number of coins of ` 5 and 2)
= 160 – (3x + x) = 160 – 4x
Amount of ` 1 coins = ` [1 × (160 – 4x)] = ` (160 - 4x)
Amount of ` 2 coins = ` (2 × 3x) = ` 6x
Amount of ` 5 coins = ` (5 × x) = ` 5x
It is given that the total amount is ` 300
∴ 160 – 4x + 6x + 5x = 300    ∴ 160 + 7x = 300
On transposing 160 to R.H.S., we obtain
7x = 300 – 160    ∴ 7x = 140
On dividing both sides by 7, we obtain
7x 140
=      ∴ x = 20
7 7
Number of ` 1 coins = 160 – 4x = 160 – 4(20) = 160 – 80 = 80
Number of ` 2 coins = 3x = 3 × 20 = 60
Number of ` 5 coins = x = 20
16. Let the number of winner be x
Therefore, the number of participants who did not win will be 80 – x
Amount given to the winners = ` 200 x
Amount given to the participants who did not win = ` [40 (80 – x)] = ` (3200 – 40x)
According to the given question,
200x + 3200 – 40x = 4000
On transposing 3200 to R.H.S., we obtain
160x = 4000 – 3200 ∴ 160x = 800
On dividing both sides by 160, we obtain
160x 800
= ∴x=5
160 160
Hence, number of winners = 5

UNIT-3: 2.4 Solving Equations having the Variable on Both Sides, Exercise 2.3
1. equality 2. True 3. (b)

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 11

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 11 1/17/2022 4:16:49 PM


Sums Based on Exercise 2.3

1. 4x = 3x + 10 ∴ 3z = – 1
On transposing 3x to L.H.S., we obtain Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
4x – 3x = 10 1
z = –
∴ x = 10 3
L.H.S. = 4x = 4 × 10 = 40 L.H.S. = 6z + 3
R.H.S. = 3x + 10 ⎛ –1 ⎞
   = 6 +3
    = 3(10) + 10 ⎝3⎠
    = 30 + 10 = 40 –6 3
L.H.S. = R.H.S.    = +
3 1
Hence, the result obtained above is –6 + 9
correct.    =
3
2. 5x + 8 = 5 + 4x 3
On transposing 4x to L.H.S. and 8 to    =
3
R.H.S., we obtain
L.H.S. = 1
5x – 4x = 5 – 8     ∴ x = – 3
R.H.S. = 2 + 3z
⎛ –1 ⎞
L.H.S. = 5x + 8
    = 2 + 3
= 5(–3) + 8 = – 15 + 8 ⎝3⎠
L.H.S. = – 7 2 (–3)
R.H.S. = 5 + 4x = 5 + 4(–3) = 5 – 12    = +
1 3
R.H.S. = – 7 L.H.S. = R.H.S.     (3)  (1)
Hence, the result obtained above is
6–3
correct.    = = 3
3 3
3. 4t –2 = 2t – 4
On transposing 2t to L.H.S. and –2 to R.H.S. = 1
R.H.S., we obtain L.H.S. = R.H.S.
4t – 2t = – 4 – (–2) Hence, the result obtained above is
∴ 2t = –2 correct.
On dividing both sides by 2, we obtain 5. 7x – 2 = 14 – x
Transposing x to L.H.S. and 2 to R.H.S.,
2t = –2    ∴ t = –2 we obtain
2 2 2
∴ t = – 1 7x + x = 14+ 2
L.H.S. = 4t – 2 ∴ 8x = 16
    = 4(–1) – 2 = – 6 Dividing both sides by 8, we obtain
R.H.S. = 2t – 4 x = 2
    = 2 (–1) – 4 = – 2 – 4 = – 6 L.H.S. = 7x – 2
L.H.S. = R.H.S.     = 7(2) – 2
Hence, the result obtained above is     = 14 – 2 = 12
correct. R.H.S. = 14 – x
    = 14 – 2
4.
6z + 3 = 2 + 3z
   = 12
On transposing 3z to L.H.S. and 3 to
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
R.H.S., we obtain
Hence, the result obtained above is
6z – 3z = 2 – 3
correct.

12 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 12 1/17/2022 4:16:49 PM


6. 9x + 3 = 3(x – 1)+6 8x
∴ =1
∴ 9x + 3 = 3x – 3 + 6 16
Transposing 3x to L.H.S. and 3 to R.H.S.,
2

we obtain x
∴ =1
9x – 3x = – 3 + 6 – 3 2
∴ 6x = – 6 + 6 Multiplying both sides by 2, we obtain
∴ x = 0 x = 2
L.H.S. = 9x + 3 2x
    = 9(0) + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3 L.H.S. = +1
2
R.H.S. = 3(x – 1) + 6 2×2
    = 3(0 – 1) + 6    = +1
2
    = – 3 + 6 = 3
2 × 2+1× 2
L.H.S. = R.H.S.    =
2
Hence, the result obtained above is
correct. 2×2+2 6
   = =
3 2 2
7. x = (x + 9) ∴ L.H.S. = 3
6
Multiplying both sides by 6, we obtain 8x
R.H.S. = +2
6x = 3(x +9) 16
∴ 6x = 3x + 27 8×2
   = +2
Transposing 3x to L.H.S., we obtain 16
6x – 3x = 27
   = 16 + 2
∴ 3x = 27 16
∴ x = 27     = 1 + 2 = 3
3   ∴ R.H.S. = 3
∴ x = 9 ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 9 Hence, the result obtained above is
3 3 correct.
R.H.S. = (x + 9) = (9 + 9)
6 6
5 26
3 3
9.
= 2y +
–y
= × 18 = 9 3 3
6 5
L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence, the result Transposing y to L.H.S. and to
R.H.S., we obtain 3
obtained above is correct.
8x 26 5
2y + y = –
8. 2x +1 = +2 3 3
2 16
21
8x ∴ 3y = =7
Transposing to L.H.S. and 1 to 3
16 Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
R.H.S., we obtain 7
2x 8x y =
– =2–1 3
2 16 5 7 5
L.H.S. = 2y + = 2 × +
3 3 3
(8) (1)
8 × 2x – 8x 14 5 19
∴ =1 = + =
16 3 3 3

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 13

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 13 1/17/2022 4:16:49 PM


26 26 7 19 Dividing both sides by – 3, we obtain
R.H.S. =
–y= – =
3 3 3 3 3
m =
L.H.S. = R.H.S. 5
Hence, the result obtained above is 3 9
L.H.S. = 3m = 3 × =
correct. 5 5
9⎛
R.H.S. = 6m – = 6⎛ ⎞ – ⎛
9 9 3
10. 3m = 6m – 5 ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ 5⎝
5
Transposing 6m to L.H.S., we obtain 18 – 9 9
= =
9 5 5
3m – 6m = – L.H.S. = R.H.S.
5
9 Hence, the result obtained above is
∴ – 3m = – correct.
5

UNIT-4:   2.5 Some More Applications, Exercise 2.4

Complete the table.


Age 5 years ago Present After 8 year
Hitesh x–5 x x+8
Bhavin 3x – 5 3x 3x + 8

Sums Based on Exercise 2.4

1.Let the number be x.


According to the given question,
8⎛ x – 4 ⎞ = 6x ∴ 8x – 16 = 6x
⎝ 2⎠
Transposing 6x to L.H.S. and –16 to R.H.S., we obtain 8x – 6x = 16
16
∴ 2x = 16 ∴ x =
2
∴ x = 8
Hence, the number is 8.
2.
Let one of the numbers be x. So, the other number becomes 3x. According to the
given question,
21 + 3x = 2 (x + 21)    ∴ 21 + 3x = 2x + 42
Transposing 2x to L.H.S. and 21 to R.H.S. we obtain
3x – 2x = 42 – 21
∴ x = 21 ∴ 3x = 3 × 21 = 63
Hence the numbers are 21 and 63 respectively.
3. Let the digits at tens place and ones place be x and 9 – x respectively.
Therefore, original number = 10x + (9 – x) = 9x + 9
On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place will be x and 9 – x
respectively.

14 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 14 1/17/2022 4:16:49 PM


Therefore, new number after interchanging the digits = 10 (9 – x) + x
= 90 – 10x + x = 90 – 9x
According to the given question,
New number = original number + 27
∴ 90 – 9x = 9x + 9 + 27     ∴ 90 – 9x = 9x + 36
Transposing –9x to R.H.S. and 36 to L.H.S., we obtain
90 – 36 = 18x    ∴ 54 = 18x
Dividing both sides by 18, we obtain
54
= x    ∴ x = 3 and 9 – x = 6
18
Hence, the digits at tens place and ones place of the number are 3 and 6 respectively
Therefore the two-digit number is 9x + 9 = 9 × 3 + 9 = 36
4.Let the digit at tens place and ones place be x and 2x respectively.
Therefore, original number = 10x + 2x = 12x.
On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place will be x and 2x
respectively.
Number after interchanging = 10 × 2x + x = 20x + x = 21x
According to the given question,
Original number + New number = 99
∴ 12x + 21x = 99    ∴ 33x = 99
Dividing both sides by 33, we obtain
99
x =     ∴ x = 3
33
Therefore, original number = 12x = 12 × 3 = 36
By considering the tens place and ones place as x and 2x respectively, the two-digit
number is 36.
Therefore, the two digit number may be 36.

5.Let Shikha’s age be x years. Therefore her mother’s age will be 8x years.
According to the given question,
Shikha’s mother’s present age
After 4 years, Shikha’s age =
4
2
8x
∴ x + 4 =     ∴ x + 4 = 2x
4
Transposing x to R.H.S., we obtain, 4 = 2x – x
∴ 4 = x    ∴ 8x = 8 × 4 = 32
Therefore, the present ages of Shikha and Shikha’s mother are 4 years and 32 years
respectively.
6. Let the common ratio between the length and breadth of the rectangular plot be x.
Hence, the length and breadth of the rectangular plot will be 14x m and 2x m respec-
tively.
Perimeter of the plot = 2(length + breadth)
= [2(14x + 2x)] m = 32x m
It is given that the cost of fencing the plot at the rate of ` 100 per metre is ` 80,000

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 15

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 15 1/17/2022 4:16:49 PM


∴ 100 × Perimeter = 80,000     ∴ 100 × 32x = 80,000
∴ 3200x = 80,000
Dividing both sides by 3200, we obtain
  x = 25
Length = 14x m = (14 × 25) m = 350 m
Breadth = 2x m = (2 × 25) m = 50 m
Hence the dimensions of the plot are 350 m and 50 m respectively.
7.
Let 2x m of shirt material and 4x m of trouser material be bought by Hasan.
4 104
Selling price of trouser material = 320x + (320x) = (320x)
100 100
14 114
Selling price of shirt material = 200x + (200x) = (200x)
100 100
104 114
∴ (320x) + (200x) = 40000
100 100
104 × 320 + 114 × 200
∴ x = 40000
100
33280 + 22800 56080
∴ x = 40000 ∴ x = 40000
100 100
40000 × 100
∴ x = ∴ x = 71.33
56080
∴ 4x = 285.32
∴ Trouser material bought = 285.32 m.
8. Let the number of cow be x
x
Number of cow grazing in the field =
2
1
Number of cow sitting nearby =
× number of remaining cow
4
             = × ⎛ – ⎞ = × =
1 x x 1 x x
4 ⎝ 1 2⎠ 4 2 8
Number of cow drinking water from the pond = 9
x – ⎛ + ⎞ = 9
x x
⎝2 8⎠
∴ x – ⎛ 5x⎞ = 9    ∴ 8x – 5x = 9
⎝8 ⎠ 8
3
∴ x = 9, x = 9 × 8
8 3
∴ x = 24
Hence, the total number of cow in the herd is 24
9. Let the grand daughter’s age be x years
Therefore, grand mother’s age will 12 x years.
According to the question,
Grandmother’s age = Grand daughter’s age + 55 years

16 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 16 1/17/2022 4:16:50 PM


∴ 12x = x + 55
Transposing x to L.H.S., we obtain
12x – x = 55
∴ 11x = 55    ∴ x = 5
Grand daughter’s age = x years = 5 years
Grand father’s age = 12 x years
= (12 × 5) years = 60 years
10.Lets Salman’s brother’s age be x years
Therefore, Salman’s age will be 2x years
Eight years ago, their ages were (x – 9) and (2x – 9) years respectively.
According to the question,
1
9 years ago, Salman’s age = × Salman’s brother’s age
2
1
∴ 2x – 9 = (x –9)    ∴ 4x – 18 = x – 9
2
∴ 4x – x = –9 + 18     ∴ 3x = 9
∴ x = 3
Salman’s brother’s age = x years = 3 years
Salman’s age = 2x years = 2 × 3 = 6 years.

UNIT-5:   2.6 Reducing Equations to simpler form, Exercise 2.5

1. –5
2. False. It makes L.H.S. and R.H.S. equal.

Sums Based on Exercise 2.5

x 1 x 1
1.– = +
2 5 3 4
L.C.M. of the denominators 2, 3, 4, and 5 is 60
Multiplying both sides by 60. we obtain
60 ⎛ – ⎞ = 60 ⎛ + ⎞
x 1 x 1
⎝ 2 5⎠ ⎝3 4⎠
∴ 30x – 12 = 20x + 15 (opening brackets)     ∴ 30x – 20x = 15 + 12
∴ x = 27
10
n 2n 3n
2.
– – = 21
6 3 12
(2) (4) (1)
L.C.M. of the denominators 3, 6, 12 is 12
Multiplying both sides by 12, we obtain
2n – 8n – 3n = 252      ⇒ –9n = 252
252
⇒ n = = –28
–9

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 17

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 17 1/17/2022 4:16:50 PM


x + 7 2x 17 4x
3. – = –
1 3 6 2
L.C.M. of the denominators 2, 3 and 6 is 6 multiplying both sides by 6, we obtain
6x + 42 – 4x = 17 – 12x
⇒ 6x – 4x + 12x = 17 – 42
–25
⇒ 14x = – 25 =
14
x–5 x–2
4. =
2 5
L.C.M. of the denominators 2 and 5 is 10 multiplying both sides by 10, we obtain
5(x – 5) = 2(x – 2)
⇒ 5x – 25 = 2x – 4 (opening brackets)
⇒ 5x – 2x = 25 – 4
⇒ 3x = 21
21
⇒ x =     x = 7
3
3a – 2 2a + 3 2
5. – = –a
4 3 3
L.C.M. of the denominators 3, 4 is 12 multiplying both sides by 12, we obtain
3(3a – 2) – 4(2a + 3) = 8 – 12a
⇒ 9a – 6 – 8a – 12 = 8 – 12a (opening brackets)
⇒ 9a – 8a + 12a = 8 + 6 + 12
⇒ 13a = 26
26
⇒ a =    ∴ a = 2
13
n–1 n–2
6. Solution: n – =1–
2 3
L.C.M. of the denominators 2 and 3 is 6 multiplying both sides by 6, we obtain
6n – 3(n – 1) = 6 – 2(n – 2)
⇒ 6n – 3n + 3 = 6 – 2n + 4 (opening brackets)
⇒ 6n – 3n + 2n = 6 + 4 – 3
7
⇒ 5n = 7 ⇒    n =
5
7. 3(k – 3) = 5(2k + 1)
3k – 9 = 10k + 5 (opening brackets)
⇒ –9 – 5 = 10k – 3k
⇒ –14 =7k
–14
⇒ k =       k = –2
7
8. 16(y – 5) – 2(y – 9) + 5(y + 6) = 0.
⇒ 16y – 80 – 2y + 18 + 5y + 30 = 0 (opening brackets)
⇒ 16y – 2y+ 5y = 80 – 30 – 18
32
⇒ 19y = 32    ∴ y =
19

18 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 18 1/17/2022 4:16:50 PM


9. 3(5t – 7) – 2(9t – 11) = 4(8t – 13) – 17
⇒ 15t – 21 – 18t + 22 = 32t – 52 – 17 (opening brackets)
⇒ –3t + 1 = 32t – 69
⇒ –3t – 32t = – 69 – 1
70
⇒ –35t = – 70     ∴ t = =2
35
10.
0.25(4F – 3) = 0.05(10F – 9)
1 1
⇒ (4F – 3) = (10F – 9)
4 20
Multiplying both sides by 20, we obtain
5 (4F – 3) = 10F – 9
⇒ 20F – 15 = 10F – 9 (opening brackets)
⇒ 20F – 10F = – 9 + 15
3
⇒ 10F = 6     ∴ F = = 0.6
5

UNIT-6:   2.7 Equations Reducible to the Linear Form, Exercise 2.6

Sums Based on Exercise 2.6


9x – 3
1. =1 9t = 4(t + 15)
3x ⇒ 9t = 4t + 60
On multiplying both sides by 3x we ⇒ 9t – 4t = 60
obtain ⇒ 5t = 60
9x – 3 = 3x 60
⇒ 9x – 3x = 3 ⇒ t =   ∴ t = 12
5
⇒ 6x = 3
3 1 5x + 4 3
⇒ x =   ∴ x = 4. Solution: =
6 2 3x + 2 2
On multiplying both sides by
8x
2. = 16 2(3x + 2), we obtain
8 – 4x
2(5x + 4) = 3(3x + 2)
On multiplying both sides by 8 – 4x we
⇒ 10x + 8 = 9x + 6
obtain
⇒ 10x – 9x = – 8 + 6
8x = 16(8 – 4x)
∴ x = –2
⇒ 8x = 128 – 64x
⇒ 8x + 64x = 128 7y + 4 –4
5. =
⇒ 72x =128 y+2 3
128 16 On multiplying both sides by 3(y + 2),
⇒ x = = we obtain
72 9
3(7y + 4) = –4(y + 2)
t 4 ⇒ 21y + 12 = –4y – 8
3. =
t + 15 9 ⇒ 21y + 4y = – 8 – 12
On multiplying both sides by 9(t + 15), –4
⇒ 25y = – 20 ∴ y =
we obtain 5

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 19

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 19 1/17/2022 4:16:50 PM


6.
Let the common ratio between their ages be x.
Therefore, Tom’s age and Jerry’s age will be 2x years and 5x years respectively and
three years later, their ages will be (2x + 3) years and (5x + 3) years respectively.
According to the situation given in the question,
2x + 3 2
=
5x + 3 4
⇒ 4(2x + 3) = 2(5x + 3)
⇒ 8x + 12 =10x + 6
⇒ 12 – 6 = 10x – 8x       ⇒ 6 = 2x
6
⇒ 3 = x   ∴ x = 3
2
Tom’s age = 2x years = (2 × 3) years = 6 years.
Jerry’s age = 5x years = (5 × 3) years = 15 years.
Therefore Tom’s age and Jerry’s age are 6 years and 15 years respectively.
7.
Let the numerator of the rational number be x
Therefore, its denominator will be x + 10.
x
The rational number will be .
x + 10
x + 15 3
According to the question, =
x + 10 –1 2
⇒ x + 15 =3
x+9 2
⇒ 2(x + 15) = 3(x + 9)
⇒ 2x + 30 = 3x + 27
⇒ 30 – 27 = 3x – 2x
⇒ x =3
Numerator of the rational number = x = 3
Denominator of the rational number = x + 10 = 3 + 10 = 13
3
Rational number =
13

Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. highest
E.g. x + 3 = 0 and x + 2 = 4 are the linear equations.
2. 1
3x – 4 = 1 – 2x
⇒ 3x + 2x = 1 + 4 (transposing –2x to L.H.S and –4 to R.H.S.)
⇒ 5x =5
5x 5
⇒ =  [dividing both sides by 5]
5 5
⇒ x =1

20 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 20 1/17/2022 4:16:50 PM


6
3.
5
6
(given)
5 18
2y = 5y –
5
⇒ –18 [transposing 5y to L.H.S.]
2y – 5y =
5
–18
⇒ –3y =
5
–3y –18
⇒ =  [dividing both sides by –3]
–3 –3×5
6
⇒ y =
5
4. solution
E.g.:     x + 2 = 3 ⇒ x = 3 – 2 = 1 [transposing 2 to R.H.S.]
Hence x = 1 satisfies the equation and it is a solution of the equation.
5. 3
Let 9x – m = –21 has the solution (–2)
Since x = –2 is the solution of the equation
\ 9 × (–2) – m = –21
⇒ –18 – m = –21
⇒ –18 + 21 = m = 3
[transposing –21 to L.H.S. and –m to R.H.S.]
Hence 9x – 3 = –21 has the solution (–2)
6.
Solution: 3, 4, 5
Let the three consecutive numbers be x, x + 1 and x + 2.
According to the question,
x + x + 1 + x + 2 = 12
⇒ 3x + 3 = 12
⇒ 3(x + 1) = 12
3(x + 1) 12
⇒ =  [dividing both sides by 3]
3 3
⇒ x+1 =4
⇒ x = 4 – 1  \ x = 3
B. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b)
5. (a) 6. (c)
C. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False
Given 3 year ago, age of boy = y years
Then present age of boy = (y + 3) year
2 year ago, age of boy = y + 3 – 2 = (y + 1) year.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 21

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 21 1/17/2022 4:16:50 PM


2. False
Given unit’s digit = x and sum of digits = 9
Ten’s digit = 9 – x
Hence the number = 10(9 – x) + x = 90 – 10x + x = 90 – 9x.
3. True
4. False
Two different equations may have the same answer
E.g.: 2x + 1 = 2 and 2x – 5 = –4 are the two linear equations whose solution is ½.
5. False
False
15
– 7x = 9
8
15 15
∴  –7x = 9 – [transposing to R.H.S.]
8 8
6. True

CHAPTER

3 Understanding Quadrilaterals

UNIT-1: 3.1 Introduction, 3.2 Polygons, 3.2.1 Classification of Polygons, 3.2.2


Diagonals, 3.2.3 Convex and Concave Polygons, 3.2.4 Regular and
Irregular Polygons, 3.2.5. Angle Sum Property, Exercise 3.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. plane 2. 7 3. 2
4. regular 5. 180°
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False
5. False 6. True 7. True

Sums Based on Exercise 3.1

1. (a) Simple curve

(1) (2) (5) (6) (7)

22 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 22 1/17/2022 4:16:50 PM


(b) Simple closed curves

(1) (2) (5) (6) (7)

(c) Polygons (d) Convex polygons

(1) (2) (5) (4) (2)

(e) Concave polygons

(1) (5) (4)

2. (a) A convex quadrilateral has two diagonals. Here AC & BD are two diagonals.
(b) A regular hexagon has 9 diagonals. Here, diagonals are AD, AE, BD, BE, FC,
FB, AC, EC & FD.
(c) A triangle has no diagonal.
D C E D

F C

A B A B
3.
Let ABCD is a convex quadrilateral, then we draw a diagonal AC which divides the
quadrilateral in two triangles.
D ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D
3 4 = ∠1 + ∠6 + ∠5 + ∠4 + ∠3 + ∠2
C
= (∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3) + (∠4 + ∠5 + ∠6)
2
= 180º + 180º [By angle sum property of triangle]
5 B = 360º
Hence, the sum of measures of the triangles of a convex quadrilateral
is 360º.
16
 Yes, if quadrilateral is not convex, then this property will also be
applied.
A

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 23

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 23 1/17/2022 4:16:51 PM


Let ABCD is a non-convex quadrilateral and join BD, which also divides the quadrilateral
in two triangles.
A
Using angle sum property of triangle,
1 In ∆ABD, ∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 = 180º ...(i)
In ∆BDC, ∠4 + ∠5 + ∠C = 180º ...(ii)
2 D
3 5 Adding equation (i) and (ii)
B
4
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 + ∠4 + ∠5 + ∠6 = 360º
∴ ∠1 + ∠2 + (∠3 + ∠4) + ∠5 + ∠6 = 360º
6 ∴ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360º

C Hence proved
4. (a) When n = 7, then
Angle sum of a polygon = (n – 2) × 180º
= (7 – 2) × 180º = 5 × 180º = 900º
(b) When n = 8, then
Angle sum of polygon = (n – 2) × 180º = (8 – 2) × 180º
= 6 × 180º = 1080º
(c) When n = 10, then
Angle sum of a polygon = (n – 2) × 180º
= (10 – 2) × 180º = 8 × 180º = 1440º
(d) When n = n, then, angle sum of a polygon = (n – 2) × 180º
5.A regular polygon: A polygon having all sides of equal length and the interior angles
of equal size is known as regular polygon
(i) 3 sides. Polygon having three sides is called a triangle.
(ii) 4 sides. Polygon having four sides is called a quadrilateral.
(iii) 6 sides. Polygon having six sides is called a hexagon.
6. (a) Using angle sum property of a quadrilateral,
36º + 60º + 120º + x = 360º
\ 216º + x = 360º
x = 360º – 216º = 144º
(b) Using angle sum property of a quadrilateral,
90º + 80º + 45º + x = 360º
\ 215º + x = 360º
\ x = 360º – 215º = 145º
(c) First base interior angle = 180º – 65º = 115º
Second base interior angle = 180º – 100º = 80º
There are 5 sides, n = 5
\ Angle sum of a polygon = (n – 2) × 180º
= (5 – 2) × 180º
= 3 × 180º = 540º
\ 30º + x + 115º + 80º + x = 540º
\ 225º + 2x = 540º
\ 2x = 540º – 225º = 315º
\ x = 157.5º

24 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 24 1/17/2022 4:16:52 PM


(d) Angle sum of a polygon = (n – 2) × 180º
= (6 – 2) × 180º
= 4 × 180º = 720º
\ x + x + x + x + x + x = 720º
\ 6x = 720º     \ x = 120º
Hence each interior angle is 120º
7. (a) Since sum of linear pair angles is 180º.
\ 92º + x = 180º
\ x = 180º – 92º = 88º
And z + 36º = 180º
\ z = 180º – 36º = 144º
Also y = 92º + 36º = 128º [Exterior angle property]
\ x + y + z = 88º + 128º + 144º = 360º
(b) Using angle sum property of a quadrilateral,
\ 50º + 70º + 130º + n = 360º
\ 250º + n = 360º
\ n = 360º – 250º
\ n = 110º
Since sum of linear pair angles is 180º.
\ w + 110º = 180º ...(i)
\ x + 130º = 180º ...(ii)
y + 70º = 180º ...(iii)
z + 50º = 180º ...(iv)
Adding eqs. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv),
x + y + z + w + 110º + 130º + 70º + 50º = 180º + 180º + 180º + 180º
\ x + y + z + w + 360º = 720º
\ x + y + z + w = 720º – 360º
\ x + y + z + w = 360º

UNIT-2: 3.3 Sum of the Measures of the Exterior Angles of a Polygon, Exercise 3.2

A. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (a)
360°
Measure of each exterior angle =
n
where n is the number of sides/angles.
Thus, measure of each exterior angle will always divide 360° completely.
Hence 22° can never be the measure of exterior angle of a regular polygon.
2. (d)
360° 360°
3. (c) n = = = 360° = 8
Exterior angle 180° – 135° 45°
360°
4. (b) number of exterior angle = = 360° = 72º
no. of sides 5

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 25

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 25 1/17/2022 4:16:52 PM


360° 360°
5. (a) Measure of each exterior angle = = = 20º
no. of sides 18
360° 360°
6. (b) Number of sides = = = 10
Exterior angle 36°

Sums Based on Exercise 3.2

1. (a) Here, 135º + m = 180º  [Linear pair]


⇒ m = 180º – 135º = 45º
and 135º + n = 180º [Linear pair]
⇒ \  n = 180º – 135º = 45º
\ Exterior angle xº = sum of opposite interior angle
\ xº = 45º + 45º = 90º
(b) Sum of angles of pentagon = (n – 2) × 180º
= (5 – 2) × 180º = 3 × 180º = 540º
By linear pairs of angles,
∠1 + 90º = 180º ...(i)
∠2 + 60º = 180º ...(ii) 3
∠3 + 90º = 180º ...(iii) 60°
∠4 + 74º = 180º ...(iv)
∠5 + x = 180º ...(v) 2
4
Adding eq (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v)
x + (∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 + ∠4 + ∠5) + 314º = 900º 74° 5 1
90°
\ x + 540º + 314º = 900º x
\ x + 854º = 900º
\ x = 900º – 854º = 46º
2. (a) Sum of angles of a regular polygon = (n – 2) × 180º
= (12 – 2) × 180º = 10 × 180º = 1800º
Sum of interior angles
Each interior angle =
Number of sides
= 1800º = 150º
12
Each exterior angle = 180º – 150º = 30º
(b) Sum of exterior angles of a regular polygon = 360º
Sum of exterior angles
Each exterior angle =
Number of sides
360º
= = 22.5º
3. Let number of sides be n. 16
Sum of exterior angles of a regular polygon = 360º
Sum of exterior angles 360º
Number of sides = = = 10
Each exterior angle 36º
4. Let number of sides be n.

26 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 26 1/17/2022 4:16:52 PM


Exterior angle = 180º – 156º = 24º
Sum of the exterior angles of a regular polygon = 360º
Sum of exterior angles
Number of sides =
Each exterior angle
= 360º = 15
Hence, the regular polygon has 15 sides. 24º

5.
(a) No. (Since 26º is not a divisor of 360º)
(b) No. (Becuase each exterior angle is 180º – 26º = 154º. Which is not a divisor of
360º)
6. (a) The equilateral triangle being a regular polygon of 3 sides has the least measure
of an interior angle of 60º. ( Sum of all the angles of a triangle = 180º)
\ x + x + x = 180º
⇒ 3x = 180º
x = 60º
(b) By (a), we can observe that the greatest exterior angle is 180º – 60º = 120º.

UNIT-3: 3.4 Kinds of Quadrilaterals, 3.4.1 Trapezium, 3.4.2 Kite, 3.4.3 Parallelogram,


3.4.4 Elements of a Parallelogram, 3.4.5 Angles of a Parallelogram, 3.4.6
Diagonals of a Parallelogram, Exercise 3.3

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. parallel 2. Kite 3. opposite 4. equal
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. True 3. False
4. True 5. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (a)
2. (a)
(5x – 5) + (10x + 35) = 180
∴ 15x + 30 = 180
∴ 15x = 150   ∴ x = 10°
(5x – 5) = (50 – 5) = 45º
(10x + 35) = (100 + 35) = 135º
45° : 135° = 1 : 3
3. (b) 4. (b)

Sums Based on Exercise 3.3

1.(i) AD = BC (ii) ∠DCB = ∠DAB


(iii) OC = OA (iv) m∠DAB + m∠CDA = 180º
2. (i) ∠B + ∠C = 180º  [∵ Adjacent angles in a parallelogram are supplementary]
160º + p = 180º
∴ p = 180º – 160º = 20º

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 27

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 27 1/17/2022 4:16:52 PM


p = r = 20º [Since opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal]
also q = 160º [Since opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal]

(ii) p + 46º = 180º [Adjacent angles in a || gm are supplementary]


p = 180º – 46º = 134º
p = r = 134º [Corresponding angles]
q = p = 134º (opp. ∠’s of a || gm)
(iii) p = 90º  [Vertically opposite angles]
q + p + 75º= 180º [Angles sum property of a triangle]
q + 90º + 75º= 180º
q + 165º = 180º
\ q = 180º – 165º = 15º
\ q = r = 15º [Alternate angles]
(iv) r = 85º  [Corresponding angles]
p + 85º = 180º, p = 95º [Adjacent angles in a ||gm are supplementary]
and q = 85º [Opposite angles are equal in a ||gm]
(v) q = 111º  [Opposite angles are equal in a ||gm]
40º + 111º+p= 180º ( q = 111º)
\ 151º + p = 180º
\ p = 180º – 151º = 29º
and p = r = 29º D C [Alternate angles]

3. (i) ∠D + ∠B = 180º
It can be, but here, it needs not to be
A B
(ii) No. In this case because one pair of opposite sides are equal and another pair of
opposite side are unequal. So, it is not a parallelogram.
D 9 cm C

4 cm 5.5 cm

A 9 cm B D C
65°
(iii) No. ∠A ≠ ∠C
Since opposite angles are equal in parallelogram and here 72°
opposite angles are not equal in quadrilateral ABCD. A B
Therefore, it is not a parallelogram.
S R
4. PQRS is quadrilateral in which angles
110°
∠P = ∠R = 110º
Therefore, it could be a kite.
110°
P Q
5. Let two adjacent angles be 4x and 6x
\ 4x + 6x = 180º

28 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 28 1/17/2022 4:16:53 PM


\ 10x = 180º
180º
\ x = = 18º
10
\ One angle = 4x = 4 × 18º = 72º 4x 6x
and another angle = 6x = 6 × 18º = 108º
6. Let each adjacent angle be x.
Since the adjacent angles in a parallelogram are supplementary.
\ x + x = 180º
\ 2x = 180º
180º
\ x = = 90º
2
Hence, each adjacent angle is 90º. All angles of parallelogram are 90º each.
7. Here, ∠KLM + 50º = 180º [Angles of linear pair]
∠KLM = 180º – 50º = 130º
and ∠N = ∠KLM [Opposite angles of a ||gm are equal]
⇒ x = 130º
∠MKN = ∠KML [Alternate angles]
\ l = 30º
Now ∠NKL = ∠L = 50º [Corresponding angles]
\ 30º + s = 50º
\ s = 50º – 30º = 20º
Hence, x = 130º, l = 30º, s = 20º
8. (i) In parallelogram FUNT.
TF = NU [Opposite sides of ||gm are equal]
\ 3d = 12
12
\ d= = 4 cm
3
Also, TN = FU [Opposite sides of ||gm are equal]
\ 23 = 3f – 1
\ 23 + 1 = 3f
24
\ 24 = 3f    \  f = = 8 cm
3
Hence, d = 4 cm and f = 8 cm
(ii) In parallelogram WUNT,
f + 9 = 22 [Diagonals of ||gm bisects each other]
⇒ f = 22 – 9 = 13 cm
and d + f = 18
\ d + 13 = 18
\ d = 18 – 13 = 5 cm
\ d = 5 cm
Hence, f = 13 cm and d = 5 cm

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 29

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 29 1/17/2022 4:16:53 PM


9. Q O G H
118° x

118° n
m 72°
R T P L

In parallelogram RTGQ, [Opposite angles of a ||gm are equal]


∠m + 118º = 180º [Linear pair]
⇒ ∠m = 180º – 118º = 62º
and ∠OPT = ∠L = 72º [Correspondinig angles]
m + n + ∠OPT = 180º [Angle sum property of a triangle]
⇒ 62º + n + 72º = 180º
⇒ n + 134º = 180º
⇒ n = 180º – 134º = 46º
Also, x = n = 46º  [Vertically opposite angles]
10. Here, ∠M + ∠L = 180º  [Sum of interior opposite angles is 180º]
\ NM and KL are parallel.
Hence, KLMN is a trapezium.

UNIT-4: 3.5 Some Special Parallelograms, 3.5.1 Rhombus, 3.5.2 A Rectangle, 3.5.3


A Square, Exercise 3.4

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. Square 2. Trapezium 3. Rhombus
4. right 5. equal

B. State whether the following statements are True or False.


1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True
6. False 7. False 8. True 9. False

C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (a) PQRS is a trapezium    \ PQ || SR
\ ∠Q + ∠R = 180º
\ ∠R = 180º – 110º = 70º
2. (c) 3. (d)

Sums Based on Exercise 3.4

1. (a) False. Since, squares have all sides are equal.


(b) True. Since, in rhombus, opposite angles are equal and diagonals intersect at mid-
point.
(c) True. Since, squares have the same property of rhombus and a rectangle.

30 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 30 1/17/2022 4:16:53 PM


(d) False. Since, all squares have the same property of parallelogram.
(e) False. Since, all kites do not have equal sides.
(f) True. Since, all rhombuses have equal sides and diagonals bisect each other.
(g) True. Since, trapezium has only two parallel sides.
(h) True. Since, all squares have also two parallel lines.
2. (a) Square and rectangle have four right angles.
(b) Rhombus and square have sides of equal lengths.
3. (i) A square is a quadrilateral, since it has four sides.
(ii) A square is a parallelogram, since its opposite sides are parallel to each other.
(iii) A square is a rhombus, since it is a parallelogram with all four sides equal.
(iv) A square is a rectangle, since having each adjacent angle a right angle and opposite
sides are equal.
4. (i) If diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other the it is a rhombus or parallelo-
gram or rectangle or square.
(ii) If diagonals are equal, then it is a square or rectangle.
(iii) If diagonals of a quadrilateral are perpendicular bisector of each other, then it is a
rhombus or square.
5. A rectangle is a convex quadrilateral since its vertex are raised and both of its diago-
nals lie in its interior.
6. Since, two right triangles make a rectangle where O is equidistant point from A, B, C
and D because O is the mid-point of the two diagonals of a rectangle. Since AC and
BD are equal diagonals and intersect at mid-point. So, O is the equidistant from A, B,
C and D.

Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. all 2. Square 3. 360º 4. kite
5. 720º 6. parallelogram 7. Supplementary 8. two
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False. As all angles of trapezium are not equal.
2. False. As in a rhombus, each angle is not a right angle, so rhombuses are not squares.
3. True. A quadrilateral has two diagonals.
4. False. By definition of a regular polygon, we know that a polygon is regular, if all
sides and all angles are equal.
5. False. Since in a rectangle, opposite sides are equal and parallel but in a trapezium, it
is not so.
6. True. Every square is also a parallelogram as it has all the properties of a
parallelogarm but vice-versa is not true.
7. False. As it has 6 sides, therefore it is a concave hexagon.
C. Multiple-choice questions
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (a)
5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (a)

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 31

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 31 1/17/2022 4:16:53 PM


D.Solve the following.
1.In a parallelogram, the opposite angles are equal, therefore ∠C = ∠A = 80º. Also,
adjacent angles are supplementary.
\ ∠A + ∠B = 180º
80º + ∠B = 180º
∠B = 180º – 80º ⇒ B = 100º
Now ∠B = ∠D
\ ∠D = 100º
2. The given figure is a kite.
In a kite, one pair of opposite angles are equal
\ y = 110º
Now, by the angle sum property of a quadrilateral, we have
110º + 60º + 110º + x = 360º
\ x = 360º – 280º ⇒ x = 80º

CHAPTER

4 Practical Geometry

UNIT-1: 4.1 Introduction, 4.2 Constructing a Quadrilateral, 4.2.1 When the


Lengths of Four Sides and a Diagonal are Given, Exercise 4.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. Four 2. Two 3. three 4. Three
B. State whether the following statement is True or False.
1. False

Sums Based on Exercise 4.1


D 4.8 cm C
1. Given: AB = 5.5 cm, BC = 5.9 cm, CD = 4.8 cm
   AD = 6.2 cm , AC = 8.7 cm
To construct: A quadrilateral ABCD 6.2 cm
cm 5.9 cm
Step of Construction: 8.7

(a) Draw AB = 5.5 cm


A 5.5 cm B
(b) Draw an arc taking radius 5.9 cm from point B.
(c) Taking radius 8.7 cm, draw another arc from point A which intersects the first arc
at point C.
(d) Join BC and AC.
(e) Draw an arc of radius 6.2 cm from point A and draw another arc of radius 4.8 cm
from point C which intersects at D.
(f) Join AD and CD. It is required quadrilateral ABCD.

32 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 32 1/17/2022 4:16:53 PM


(ii) Given: TR = 3.7 cm, RO = 4.2 cm, OG = 5.2 cm G
5.2 cm
     GT = 4.7 cm, GR = 6.7 cm O
To construct: Quadrilateral TROG
Steps of construction: 6.7 cm
4.7 cm
(a) Draw TR = 3.7 cm 4.2 cm
(b) Draw an arc of radius 4.7 cm taking centre T and
then draw another arc of radius 6.7 cm taking R as
centre. Both arcs intersect at G. T 3.7 cm R
(c) Join GT and GR.
(d) Draw an arc of radius 5.2 cm and 4.2 cm taking G and R as centres respectively,
which intersect at O.
(e) Join OG and OR.
It is required quadrilateral TROG.
C 6.5 cm E
(iii) Given: OR = 6.5 cm, RE = 5 cm, EO = 8 cm.
To construct: A parallelogram CORE
Steps of construction: 5 cm cm 5 cm
8
(a) Draw OR = 6.5 cm.
(b) Draw arc of radius 8 cm and 5 cm taking O and R
as centres respectively, which intersect at E.
O 6.5 cm R
(c) Join OE and RE.
(d) Draw an arc of 6.5 cm radius taking E as centre.
S
(e) Draw another arc of 5 cm radius taking O as centre,
which intersects arc drawn in (d) at C.
(f) Join OC and EC.
     It is required parallelogram CORE.
(iv) Given: BE = 6.5 cm, ET = 7 cm
To construct: A rhombus BEST
Steps of construction:
T E
(a) Draw TE = 7 cm and bisect it into two equal parts. 7 cm O
(b) Draw up and down perpendiculars to TE.
(c) Draw two arcs of 6.5 cm taking E and T as centres, which
intersect at S.
cm
6.5

(d) Again draw two arcs of 6.5 cm taking E and T as centres,


which intersects at B.
(e) Join TE, ES, BT and EB.
It is the required rhombus BEST. B

UNIT-2: 4.2.2 When two diagonals and three sides are given , Exercise 4.2.

Make the correct sequence of the given steps, to construct a quadrilateral PQRS, given
that QR = 4.5 cm, PS = 5.5 cm, RS = 5 cm the diagonal PR = 5.5 cm and diagonal
QS = 7 cm.
→ With S as centre, draw an arc of radius 7 cm. (Q is somewhere on this arc)

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 33

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 33 1/17/2022 4:16:54 PM


→ Since Q lies on both the arcs, Q is the point intersection S
of the two arcs. Make Q and complete PQRS. PQRS is 5.5 c
m
the required quadrilateral.
P
→ With R as centre, draw an arc of radius 4.5 cm. (Q is

cm
7
somewhere on this arc also.) 5.5 5 cm
→ Draw DPRS using SSS construction (We now need to cm
find Q at a distance of 4.5 cm from R and 7 cm from S)
Q R
(Rough Figure) 4.5 cm
Sums Based on Exercise 4.1

1. (i) Given: LI = 4.7 cm, IZ = 3.8 cm, AZ = 2.8 cm, IA = 4 cm, LZ = 5 cm


To construct: A quadrilateral LIZA. Z
Steps of construction: . 8 cm
A 2
(a) Draw a line segment LI = 4.7 cm. cm
(b) Taking radius 5 cm, draw an arc taking L as centre. 5

cm
(c) Draw an arc of 3.8 cm taking I as centre which intersects 3.8 cm

4
2.8

cm
the first arc at Z.
(d) Join ZI and ZL. L 4.7 cm I
(e) Draw another arc of radius 2.8 cm taking L as centre
and 4 cm taking I as centre which intersect at A.
(f) Join AZ, AI and AL.
It is required quadrilateral LIZA.
(ii) Given: OF = 7.8 cm, LF = 7.4 cm, LT = 6.3 cm, FT = 5.1 cm, OT = 9.8 cm.
To construct: A quadrilateral LOFT. L 6.3 cm T
Steps of construction:
(a) Draw a line segment OF = 7.8 cm
(b) Draw an arc of radius 5.1 cm taking F as
centre and another arc of radius 9.8 cm
7. 5.1 cm
taking O as centre which intersect the first c m 4
cm
arc at point T. 9 . 8
(c) Join FT and OT.
(d) Draw an arc of radius 6.3 cm from T and O 7.8 cm F
draw another arc of radius 7.4 cm taking F
as centre, which intersects at L.
(e) Join LT and LO.
It is the required quadrilateral LOFT.
3.2 cm

(iii) Given: SN = 6.4 cm, DE = 7.6 cm


To construct: A rhombus SEND. 7.6 cm
D E
Steps of construction: O
3.2 cm

(a) Draw DE with DE = 7.6 cm


(b) Draw perpendicular bisector of line segment DE.
(c) Draw two arcs of radius 3.2 cm from intersection
point O, which intersects the line SN at S and N.
(d) Join SE, SD as well as ND and NE.
It is the required rhombus SEND.
34 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 34 1/17/2022 4:16:54 PM


UNIT-3: 4.2.3 When Two Adjacent Sides and Three Angles are Known, Exercise 4.3
Make a correct sequence of the given steps, to construct a Z
Y D
quadrilateral ABCD where AB = 3.5 cm, BC = 6.5 cm, ∠A = X
75º, ∠B = 105º and ∠C = 120º C
120°
→ Draw AB = 3.5 cm and BC = 6.5 cm with ∠B = 105º.
→ Make ∠BAZ = 75º at A mark that point as D. We get the
required quadrilateral ABCD.
→ Make ∠BCY = 120º at C. 105°
75°
(Rough Figure)
A B

Sums Based on Exercise 4.3

1. (i)   Given: TU = 6.7 cm, UR = 4.3 cm, ∠T = 60º, ∠U = 105º, ∠R = 105º.


To construct: A quadrilateral TURN.
N
Steps of construction:
(a) Draw a line segment TU = 6.7 cm
(b) Construct ∠U = 105º taking radius
4.3 cm, draw an arc taking U as 105°
centre, which intersects at R. R
105°
(c) Also construct an angle 105º at R
4.3 cm
and produce the side RN.
(d) Construct another angle of 60º at
point T and produce the side TN. 105°
60°
Both sides TN and RN intersect at N.
It is the required quadrilateral TURN. T 6.7 cm U

(ii) Given: CA = 4.3 cm, AM = 5.5 cm, ∠C = 90º, ∠M = 70º, ∠P = 125º.


To construct: A quadrilateral CAMP.
To find : ∠A = 360º – (90º + 70º + 125º) M
= 75º 70°
Steps of construction: 5.5 cm
(a) Draw a line segment with CA = 4.3 cm P
(b) Construct angle of 90º at C and produce the 125°
side CP.
(c) Construct angle of 75º at A and with A as
centre, draw an arc of radius 5.5 cm, which
intersects at M. 90° 75°
(d) Construct ∠M = 70º at M and produce the C 4.3 cm A
side MP which intersects CP at P.
It is the required quadrilateral CAMP.
(iii) Given: TH = 5 cm, HO = 7 cm, ∠ = 85º
To construct: A parallelogram THOR.
To Find: ∠T = 180º – 85º [ sum of adjacent angle of ||gm is 180º]
= 95º

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 35

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 35 1/17/2022 4:16:55 PM


Steps of construction:
(a) Draw a line segment with TH = 5 cm.
(b) Construct ∠T = 95º and draw an arc of radius 7 cm
with centre T. It intersects OR at R.
(c) Join RT.
(d) Draw ∠R = ∠H = 85º and draw an arc of radius 7 cm
with H as a centre which intersects RO at O.
(e) Join RO.
It is required parallelogram THOR.
(iv) Given: TH = 7.5 cm, HI = 5.2 cm
To construct: A rectangle THIN. N I
Steps of construction:
(a) Draw a line segment TH = 7.5 cm
(b) Construct angle 90º at both points T and H and 5.2 cm

produce these sides.


(c) Draw two arcs of radius 5.2 cm from point T and 90° 90°
H. These arcs intersect at N and I. T 7.5 cm H
(d) Join NI.
It is the required rectangle THIN.

UNIT-4: 4.2.4 When Three Sides and Two Included Angles are Given, Exercise 4.4
Make a correct sequence of the given steps, to construct a quadrilateral PQRS, where
PQ = 4 cm, QR = 5 cm, RS = 6.5 cm and ∠Q = 105º and ∠R = 80º.
→ Complete the quadrilateral PQRS, PQRS Y is
the required quadrilateral. X
S
→ S is at a distance of 6.5 cm on RY. With R as centre,
draw an arc of length 6.5 cm. It cuts RY at S. P
→ Start with taking QR = 5 cm. Draw an angle of
6.5 cm
105º along QX. Locate PQ = 4 cm away on this. 4 cm
We now have Q, R and P.
→ The fourth point S is on RY which is inclined at 80º 105°
80°
to QR. So make ∠QRY = 80º at R on QR. Q 5 cm R
(Rough Figure)
T
Sums Based on Exercise 4.4 4.8 cm
90°
1. (i)   Given: GA = 4 cm, AT = 6 cm, E
TE = 4.8 cm, ∠A = 60º, ∠T = 90º.
Steps of construction: 6 cm

(a) Draw a line segment GA = 4 cm


(b) At point A, construct an angle of 60º.
(c) Taking radius 6 cm, draw an arc from point A which 60°
intersects an angle in (b) at T. G 4 cm A

36 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 36 1/17/2022 4:16:55 PM


(d) Construct ∠T = 90º, draw an arc of radius 4.8 cm with centre T which intersects
∠T at E.
(e) Join EG.
It is the required quadrilateral GATE.
(ii) Given: DO = 4.5 cm, ON = 4 cm, NE = 5 cm, E
∠O = 75º, ∠N = 120º. 5 cm
To construct: A quadrilateral DONE.
Steps of construction: N
(a) Draw a line segment DO = 4.5 cm 120°
(b) Construct an angle 75º at O and draw an arc of 4 cm
radius 4 cm with O as centre, which intersects
angle 75º at N.
(c) Construct an angle of 120º at N.
(d) Draw an arc of radius 5 cm with N as centre, 75°
which intersects angle in (c) at E. D 4.5 cm O
(e) Join NE and DE.
It is the required quadrilateral DONE.

UNIT-5: 4.3 Some Special Cases, Exercise 4.5

A. State whether the following statements are True or False.


1. True 2. True

Sums Based on Exercise 4.5

1.
Given: PE = 5.3 cm
To construct: A square PECK
Steps of construction:
(a) Draw PE with PE = 5.3 cm
(b) At point E, construct an angle of 90º and draw an arc
of radius 5.3 cm, which intersects at point C.
(c) At point P, draw an arc of radius 5.3 cm. At point C,
draw another arc of radius 5.3 cm which intersects
the first arc at point K.
(d) Join CK and PK.
It is the required square PECK.
2. Given: Diagonals of rhombus
AC = 5.4 cm and BD = 6.8 cm
To construct: A rhombus ABCD
Steps of construction:
(a) Draw AC with AC = 5.4 cm and draw perpendicular
bisectors on AC.
(b) Since diagonals bisect at mid-point O, therefore get half of
6.8 cm, i.e., 3.4 cm.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 37

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 37 1/17/2022 4:16:56 PM


(c) Draw two arcs on both sides of AC of radius 3.4 cm from intersection point O,
which intersects at B and D.
(d) Join AB, BC, CD and DA. It is required rhombus.
3. Given: MN = 7 cm and MP = 4 cm
To construct: A rectangle MNOP. P O
Steps of construction:
(a) Draw MN with MN = 7 cm 4 cm
(b) At point M and N, draw perpendiculars of
lengths 4 cm and produce them.
(c) Taking centres M and N, draw two arcs 4 cm
each, which intersect perpendiculars in (b) at P M 7 cm N
and Q respectively.
(d) Join side PO.
It is required rectangle MNOP.
4. Given: LO = 5.8 cm and OC = 4.4 cm
To construct: A parallelogram LOCK. K 5.8 cm C
Steps of construction:

4.4 cm

4.4 cm
(a) Draw a LO with LO = 5.8 cm
(b) Draw an angle of 90º at O and draw an arc of radius
4.4 cm, from O which intersects angle 90º at O at
point C. L 5.8 cm O
(c) Draw another arc of radius 5.8 cm and at point L,
draw another arc of radius 4.4 cm which intersects the arc of radius 5.8 cm at K.
(d) Join CK and LK.
It is the required parallelogram LOCK.
5.       ∠B = 60º [Suppose]
∠A + ∠B = 180º [Sum of cointerior angles]
∠A + 60º = 180º
∠A = 120º
AB = BC = CD = DA = 5 cm

Steps of construction:
Y X
(a) Draw AB with AB = 5 cm
D 5 cm
(b) Draw a ray AY such that ∠BAY = 120º. C
(c) Make a point D such that AD = 5 cm.
(d) Draw a ray BX such that ∠ABX = 60º. 5 cm 5 cm

(e) Mark a point C such that BC = 5 cm. 120°

(f) Join C and D. 60°


\ ABCD is the required rhombus. A 5 cm B

38 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 38 1/17/2022 4:16:56 PM


6. We know that all sides of a square are equal and each side is perpendicular to adjacent
side
So, AB = BC = CD = DA = 4 cm
Steps of construction: X

(a) Draw AB with AB = 4 cm. D 4 cm C

(b) At B, draw BX such that ∠ABX = 90º


4 cm 4 cm
(c) From BX, cut-off BC = 4 cm.
(d) With centre C and radius 4 cm, drawn an arc.
A 4 cm B
(e) With centre A and radius 4 cm, draw another arc to intersect
the previous arc at D.
(f) Join DA and CD. Thus, ABCD is the required square.
7. Steps of construction: A
(a) Draw a line segment BE with BE = 6 cm.
(b) With B as a centre, draw an arc of 5 cm and with E as

m
9c
a centre, draw an arc of 7 cm. R
7 cm
(c) Draw an another arc of 9 cm with B as a centre,
which cut-off arc of radius 7 cm with E as centre, 5 cm

cm
at A.

5
(d) Draw an another arc of 5 cm with E as a centre,
which cut-off arc of radius 5 cm with B as centre,
B 6 cm E
at R.
(e) Now, join BR, EA and AR.
Thus, we have required quadrilateral BEAR. Also, AR = 5 cm.

Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. line segments 2. right 3. two included 4. all
5. parallelogram 6. supplementary 7. angles 8. Square
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False. Since sum of all the angles of a quadrilateral is 360º.
2. True. If opposite angles are equal, it has to be a parallelogram.
3. False. As we require at least five measurements to determine a quadrilateral uniquely.
4. False. If all angles will be obtuse, then their sum will exceed 360º. This is not possible
in case of a quadrilateral.
5. True. A quadrilateral can be drawn if three sides and two diagonals are given.
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a)
4. (b) 5. (c)

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 39

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 39 1/17/2022 4:16:57 PM


CHAPTER

5 Data Handling

UNIT-1: 5.1 Looking for Information, 5.2 Organising Data, 5.3 Grouping Data, 5.3.1
Bars with a Difference, Exercise 5.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. Data. 2. graphically 3. bar graph 4. raw data
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. False
Usually, data available to us in an unorganised form.
3. True 4. True
Sums Based on Exercise 5.1

1. In Case of the data given in alternative (A) and (D), we will use Bar graph because it
presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to
the values. In case of alternatives (B) and (C), we do not know number of letters for
different areas and height of competitors in an athletics. So we can’t use both option
for bar graph.
2. By observing the data given above, we can make a frequency distribution table as
follows.
Customer Tally Marks Number

B |||| | 06
G |||| |||| |||| 15
No. of Customer

20
15
10
5
X
0 Boys Girls
customer
Y

40 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 40 1/17/2022 4:16:57 PM


3. A frequency distribution table by using tally marks for the above data is as follows.

Interval Tally Marks Frequency


900 – 910 ||| 3
910 – 920 ||| 3
920 – 930 | 1
930 – 940 |||| 4
940 – 950 ||| 3
950 – 960 | 1
960 – 970 || 2
970 – 980 | 1
980 – 990 | 1
990 – 1000 | 1
4. A bar graph for the above frequency distribution table is as follows.

7
Number of workers

6
5
4 4
3
3 3 3
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
X
0 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000
Weekly wages (Rs)

(i) 930 – 940 is the group which has the maximum number of workers.
(ii) The workers who earn more than ` 950 are the number of workers who fall in
the group of 950 – 960 or 960 – 970 or 970 – 980 or 980 – 990 or 990 – 1000.
Hence the total number of workers earning more than 950 will be the sum of the
numbers of all these workers i.e. 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 06.
(iii) The workers who earn less than ` 950 are the number of workers who fall in the
group 900–910 or 910 – 920 or 920 – 930, 930 – 940 or 940 – 950. Hence the
total will be the sum of the numbers of all these workers i.e., 3 + 3 + 1 + 4 + 3
= 14.
5. (i) From the graph, it can be observed that the maximum number of students (i.e.
32) play games in mobile for 4 – 5 hours.
(ii) The students who play games in mobile for less than 4 hours are the students who
play games in mobile for 1 – 2 hours or 2 – 3 hours or 3 – 4 hours. Hence, total
number of students = 4 + 8 + 22 = 34.
(iii) The students who play games in mobile for more than 5 hours are the students
who play games in mobile for 5 – 6 hours or 6 – 7 hours. Hence, required no. of
students = 8 + 6 = 14.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 41

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 41 1/17/2022 4:16:57 PM


UNIT-2: 5.4 Circle Graph or Pie Chart, 5.4.1 Drawing Pie Charts, Exercise 5.2

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. circle graph 2. pie chart 3. 360º
(i) Entertainment progammes are viewed the most.
(ii) Informative programmes are viewed the least.
(iii) News and informative programmes have number of viewers equal to those
watching sports channels.
Sums Based on Exercise 5.2

1. (i) Number of people who like vadapav = 10%


Thus 10% represents 20 people
20×100
100% represents = = 200 people
10
Therefore, 200 young people were surveyed.
(ii) From the piechart, it can be easily observed that pizza is represented by the
maximum part of the pie chart (i.e. 40%). Hence most of the people like pizza.
(iii) Number of people who like vadapav = 10% of 1000
10
= × 1000= 100
100 Puff
30%
Number of people who like sandwich = 20% of 1000 Pizza
20 Vadapav 40%
= × 1000 = 200 10%
100
Number of people who like puff = 30% of 1000 Sandwich
20%
30
= × 1000 = 300
100
Number of people who like pizza = 40% of 1000
40
= × 1000 = 400
100
2. (i) Winter
(ii) Total number of votes = 100 + 150 + 210 = 460

Season No. of votes In Fraction Central Angle

100 100
Summer 100 × 360º = 78.26º
460 460

150 150
Rainy 150 × 360º = 117.39º
460 460

210 210
Winter 210 × 360º = 164.35º
460 460

42 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 42 1/17/2022 4:16:57 PM


(iii) A pie chart can be drawn for the above data as follows

Winter Rainy
164.35° 117.39°

Summer
78.26°

3. The central angle for each colour can be calculated as follows:


Colours No. of people In Fraction Central Angle
6 6
Green 6 × 360º = 60º
36 36

18 18
Black 18 × 360º = 180º
36 36

9 9 × 360º = 90º
Red 9
36 36

3 3
Pink 3 × 360º = 30º
36 36

The pie chart of the above data is as follows.

Pink
30°
Green
60° Black
180°
Red
90°

4.
(i) Total marks obtained by the student are 600. Hence 600 marks represent 360º.
The central angle for 100 marks has to be calculated. Social
100
Central angle for 100 marks = × 360º = 60º Mathe- science
600 matics 65° Science
Hindi is the subject having its central angle as 70º 90° 80°
Therefore, the student scored 100 marks in Hindi.
(ii) Difference between the central angles of Mathematics English Hindi
and Hindi 55° 70°
= 90º – 70º = 20º
20º
Marks for 20º central angle = × 600 = 33.33
360

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 43

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 43 1/17/2022 4:16:58 PM


There is difference of 33.33 marks between the score obtained in Mathematics
and Hind.
(iii) Sum of central angles of Social science and Mathematics = 90º + 65º = 155º
Sum of central angles of Science and Hindi = 80º + 70º = 150º
The sum of the central angles for Social science and Mathematics is more than
that of Science and Hindi student scored more marks in Social Science and
Mathematics than in Science and Hindi.

UNIT-3: 5.5 Chance and Probability, 5.5.1 Getting a Result, 5.5.2 Equally Likely
Outcomes, 5.5.3 Linking Chances to Probability, 5.5.4 Outcomes as Events,
5.5.5 Chance and Probability Related to Real Life, Exercise 5.3

A. Fill in the blanks:


1. random experiments 2. event
5 3
(i) (ii)
8 8
Sums Based on Exercise 5.3

1.
(a) On spinning the given wheel, the possible outcomes are A, B, C, D
(b) By tossing three coins together, the possible outcomes are HHT, HTH, HHH,
TTH, THT, TTT, THH, HTT where H and T represents Head and Tail of the coins
respectively.
2. When a dice is thrown, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
(i) (a) Out of these outcomes 2, 3, 5 are prime numbers. Hence, these are the
outcomes of an event of getting a prime number on the face of a dice.
(b) Out of these outcomes 1, 4, 6 are not prime numbers. Hence, these are the
outcomes of an event of not getting prime number on the face of a dice.
(ii) (a) Out of these outcomes, a number greater than 4 is possible when the 5 or 6
comes on the face of the dice.
(b) Out of these outcomes, a number not greater than 5 is possible when the
number on the face of the dice is any one of the outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
3. (i) The pointer can stop at one of the following regions
A, A, B, C, D
Out of these 5 cases, it is possible only in 1 case that the pointer will stop at
region C.
1
Therefore, probability that the pointer will stop at region C = .
5
(ii) There are 52 cards in a deck of cards and there are 4 ace cards in 1 deck of cards.
4 1
Probability of getting an ace card = =
52 13
(iii) There are total 7 fruits, out of which 4 are red apple and 3 are orange.
3
Probability of getting an orange =
7

44 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 44 1/17/2022 4:16:58 PM


4. (i)
There are twenty papers in the box. However, 8 is written only on 1 paper.
1
Probability of getting a number 8 =
20
(ii) The number less than 8 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
7
Probability of getting a number less than 8 =
20
(iii) The numbers greater than 12 are 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.
8
Probabilty of getting a number greater than 12 =
20
(iv) There are 11 numbers which are two digit numbers.
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
11
Probabilty of getting a two digit number =
20
5. Total Sectors = 1 + 3 + 1 = 5
There are 5 sectors and we can get a red sector in one case.
1
Probability of getting a red sector =
5
We will get a non green sector when we will get either a red sector or a blue sector.
Hence 4 cases of such type are possible in which we will get non green sector.
4
Probability of getting a non green sector =
5
6. (a) Out of 6 possible outcomes, a prime number can be obtained in three cases.
Therefore, probability of getting a prime number.
3 1
= =
6 2
(a) Out of 6 possible outcomes, a prime number may not be obtained in three cases.
3 1
Therefore, probability of getting not a prime number = =
6 2
(ii) (a) Out of 6 possible outcomes, a number greater than 4 can be obtained in
only 2 cases i.e. 5 & 6.
2 1
Therefore, probability of getting a number greater than 4 = =
6 3
(b) Out of 6 possible outcomes, a number not greater than 5 can be obtained in
5 cases.
5
Therefore probability of gettng a number not greater than 5 =
6

Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. raw. 2. upper class limit 3. a part 4. head or tail
5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 6. event 7. size 8. 2
9. likely
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. False
The central angle of a sector in a pie chart can be more than 180º but not more than
360º.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 45

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 45 1/17/2022 4:16:58 PM


3. True 4. True 5. True 6. False
When a pair of coins is tossed, then the number of outcomes are 4 i.e. HH, HT, TH and
TT.
7. True 8. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c)
5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (c)

CHAPTER

6 Squares and Square Roots

UNIT-1: 6.1 Introduction, 6.2 Properties of Square Numbers, 6.3 Some More


Interesting Patterns, Exercise 6.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. 6 2. 6 3. 6 4. 0.25 5. 1000000
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False
5. True 6. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c)

Sums Based on Exercise 6.1

1. (i)  The number 69 contains its unit’s place digit 9. So, square of 9 is 81.
Hence, unit’s digit of square of 69 is 1.
(ii) The number 88770 contains its unit’s place digit 0. So, square of 0 is 0.
Hence, units digit of square of 88770 is 0.
(iii) The number 461 contains its unit’s place digit 1. So, square of 1 is 1.
Hence, units digit of square of 461 is 1.
(iv) The number 12856 contains its unit’s place digit 6. So, square of 6 is 36.
Hence, units digit of square of 12856 is 6.
(v) The number 382 contains its unit’s place digit 2. So, square of 2 is 4.
Hence, units digit of square of 382 is 4.
(vi) The number 70433 contains its unit’s place digit 3. So, square of 3 is 9.
Hence, units digit of square of 70433 is 9.
(vii) The number 3205 contains its unit’s place digit 5. So, square of 5 is 25.
Hence, units digit of square of 3205 is 5.
(viii) The number 631 contains its unit’s place digit 1. So, square of 1 is 1.
Hence, units digit of square of 631 is 1.
46 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 46 1/17/2022 4:16:58 PM


(ix) The number 58927 contains its unit’s place digit 7. So, square of 7 is 49.
Hence, units digit of square of 58927 is 9.
(x) The number 70828 contains its unit’s place digit 8. So, square of 8 is 64.
Hence, units digit of square of 70828 is 4.
2.(i) Since perfect square numbers contain their unit’s digit 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 and even
number of 0’s.
\ 3048 is not a perfect square number because its unit digit is 8.
(ii) Since perfect square numbers contain their unit’s digit 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 and even
number of 0’s.
\ 38173 is not a perfect square number because its unit digit is 3.
(iii) Since perfect square numbers contain their unit’s digit 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 and even
number of 0’s.
\ 5067 is not a perfect square number because its unit digit is 7.
(iv) Since perfect square numbers contain their unit’s digit 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 and even
number of 0’s.
\ 808080 is not a perfect square number because it is not having even number
of zeroes.
(v) Since perfect square numbers contain their unit’s digit 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 and even
number of 0’s.
\ 80122 is not a perfect square number because its unit digit is 2.
(vi) Since perfect square numbers contain their unit’s digit 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 and even
number of 0’s.
\ 39260 is not a perfect square number because it is not having even number of
zeroes.
(vii) Since perfect square numbers contain their unit’s digit 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 and even
number of 0.
\ 90702 is not a perfect square number because its unit digit is 2.
(viii) Since perfect square numbers contain their unit’s digit 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 and even
number of 0.
\ 56707 is not a perfect square number because its unit digit is 7.
3. (i)  Unit’s digit of given number is 6 and square of 6 is 36. Therefore, square of 3526
would not be an odd number.
(ii) Unit’s digit of given number is 4 and square of 4 is 16. Therefore, square of 38024
would not be an odd number.
(iii) Unit’s digit of given number is 1 and square of 1 is 1. Therefore, square of 681
would be an odd number.
(iv) Unit’s digit of given number is 9 and square of 9 is 81. Therefore, square of 2939
would be an odd number.
4.   111112 = 123454321
1111112 = 12345654321
11111112 = 1234567654321
5.      666672 = 4444488889
6666672 = 444444888889

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 47

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 47 1/17/2022 4:16:58 PM


6. (i) Here, there are 6 odd numbers: 62 = 36
  1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 = 36
(ii) Here there are 4 odd numbers: 42 = 16
(iii) Here, there are 8 odd numbers: 82 = 64
  1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 = 64
7. (i)   81 is the square of 9.
Therefore, it has the sum of 9 odd numbers.
81 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17
(ii) 169 is the square of 13.
Therefore, it has the sum of 13 odd numbers.
169 = 1  + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23 + 25
8. (i) Since non-perfect square numbers between n2 and (n + 1)2 are 2n.
Here, n = 16
\ non-perfect square numbers between 16 and 17
= 2n = 2 × 16 = 32
(ii) Since non-perfect squares number between n2 and (n + 1)2 are 2n.
Here, n = 21
non-perfect square numbers between 21 and 23
= 2n = 2 × 21 = 42
(iii) Since non-perfect square numbers between n2 and (n + 1)2 are 2n.
Here, n = 61
non-perfect square number between 61 and 62 = 2n = 2 × 61 = 122

UNIT-2: 6.4 Finding the Square of a Number, 6.4.1 Other Patterns in Squares,


6.4.2 Pythagorean Triplets, Exercise 6.2

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. 1600 2. 25 3. a2 + 2ab + b2
4. 4 or 6 5. (30 + 9)2

= 302 + 92 + 2(30)(9) = 900 + 81 + 540 = 1521


B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b)
5. (b) 6. (b)

Sums Based on Exercise 6.2

1. (i)   (41)2 = (40 + 1)2= (40)2 + 2(40) (1) + (1)2[Q (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
  = 1600 + 80 + 1 = 1681
(ii) (89)2 = (80 + 9)2 = (80)2 + 2(80) (9) + (9)2[Q (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
   = 6400 + 1440 + 81 = 7921

48 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 48 1/17/2022 4:16:58 PM


(iii) (75)2 = (70 + 5)2 = (70)2 + 2(70) (5) + (5)2[Q (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
   = 4900 + 700 + 25 = 5625
(iv) (91)2 = (90 + 1)2 = (90)2 + 2(90) (1) + (1)2[Q (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
   = 8100 + 180 + 1 = 8281
(v) (66)2 = (60 + 6)2 = (60)2 + 2(60) (6) + (6)2[Q (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
   = 3600 + 720 + 36 = 4356
(vi) (54)2 = (50 + 4)2 = (50)2 + 2(50) (4) + (4)2[Q (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
   = 2500 + 400 + 16 = 2916
2. (i)   There are three numbers 2m, m2 – 1 and m2 + 1 in a Pythagorean Triplet.
Here, 2m = 20
20
\ m= = 10
2
Therefore, Second number (m2 – 1) = (10)2 – 1 = 100 – 1 = 99
Third number (m2 + 1) = (10)2 + 1 = 100 + 1 = 101
Hence, Pythagorean triplet is 20, 99, 101
(ii) There are three numbers 2m, m2 – 1 and m2 + 1 in a Pythagorean Triplet.
Here, 2m = 24
24
\ m= = 12
2
Therefore, Second number (m2 – 1) = (12)2 – 1 = 144 – 1 = 143
Third number (m2 + 1) = (12)2 + 1 = 144 + 1 = 145
Hence, Pythagorean triplet is 24, 143, 145
(iii) There are three numbers 2m, m2 – 1 and m2 + 1 in a Pythagorean Triplet.
Here, 2m = 8
8
\ m = =4
2
Therefore,
Second number (m2 – 1) = (4)2 – 1 = 16 – 1 = 15
Third number (m2 + 1) = (4)2 + 1 = 16 + 1 = 17
Hence, Pythagorean triplet is 8, 15, 17
(iv) There are three number 2m, m2 – 1 and m2 + 1 in a Pythagorean Triplet.
Here, 2m = 22
22
\ m= = 11
2
Second number (m2 – 1) = (11)2 – 1 = 121 – 1 = 120
Third number (m2 + 1) = (11)2 + 1 = 121 + 1 = 122
Hence, Pythagorean triplet is 22, 120, 122
UNIT-3: 6.5 Square Roots, 6.5.1 Finding Square Roots, 6.5.2 Finding Square Root
through Repeated Subtraction, 6.5.3 Finding Square Root through Prime
Factorisation, Exercise 6.3

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. (2 × 3)2 2. 9 3. 14 4. √

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 49

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 49 1/17/2022 4:16:58 PM


B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b)
∴ (s)2 = 144
∴ (s)2 = (12)2    ∴ s = 12
2. (c)
Sums Based on Exercise 6.3
1. Unit’s digit of the squares of numbers are 0, 1, 4, 5, 6 and 9.
Thus possible one’s digits of the given numbers are:
(i) 4 or 6 (ii) 1 or 9 (iii) 5 (iv) 3 or 7
2. Without doing any calculation, find the numbers which are surely not perfect squares
of natural numbers.
38257, 68730022, 80594325, 773028643
3. By successive subtraction of odd natural numbers from 81,
81 – 1 = 80 80 – 3 = 77 77 – 5 = 72
72 – 7 = 65 65 – 9 = 56 56 – 11 = 45
45 – 13 = 32 32 – 15 = 17 17 – 17 = 0
The successive method is completed in 9 steps \ √81 = 9
By successive subtraction of odd natural numbers from 225
225 – 1 = 224 224 – 3 = 221 221 – 5 = 216
216 – 7 = 209 209 – 9 = 200 200 – 11 = 189
189 – 13 = 176 176 – 15 = 161 161 – 17 = 144
144 – 19 = 125 125 – 21 = 104 104 – 23 = 81
81 – 25 = 56 56 – 27 = 29 29 – 29 = 0
The successive method is completed in fifteen steps \  √225 = 15
4. (i) 625  
(ii) 1225
√625 = √5 × 5 × 5 × 5 √1225 = √5 × 5 × 7 × 7
= 5 × 5 =5×7
= 25 = 35
625 5 5 1225
125 5 5 245
25 5 7 49
5 5 7 7
1 1

(iii) 3844 (iv) 5625


\ √3844 = √2 × 2 × 31 × 31     \ √5625 = √3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
= 2 × 31 =3×5×5
= 62 = 75

50 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 50 1/17/2022 4:16:58 PM


2 3844 3 5625
2 1922 3 1875
31 961 5 625
31 31 5 125
1 5 25
5 5
1

2 2304
2 1152
2 576
(v) 2304
2 288
\ √2304 = √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
2 144
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
2 72
= 48
2 36
2 18
3 9
3 3
1
(vi) 1936
2 1936
\ √1936 = √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11
2 968
= 2 × 2 × 11
2 484
= 44
2 242
11 121
11 11
1

5. (i) 432
2 432
\ √432 = √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 2 216
Here prime factor 3 has no pair. 2 108
\ 432 must be multiplied with 3 to make it a perfect square. 2 54
\ 432 × 3 = 1296 3 27
√1296 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36 3 9
3 3
1

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 51

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 51 1/17/2022 4:16:58 PM


(ii) 1000 2 1000
\ √1000 = √2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 2 500
Here prime factors 2 and 5 has no pair. 2 250
\ 1000 must be multiplied with 10 to make it a perfect square. 5 125
\ 1000 × 10 = 10000 5 25
√10000 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 = 100 5 5
1
(iii) 700
\ √700 = √2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 7 2 700
Here prime factor 7 has no pair. 2 350
\ 700 must be multiplied with 7 to make it a perfect square. 5 175
5 35
\ 700 × 7 = 4900
7 7
√4900 = 2 × 5 × 7 = 70
1
(iv) 392
2 392
\ √392 = √2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7
2 196
Here prime factor 2 has no pair.
2 98
\ 392 must be multiplied with 2 to make a perfect square.
7 49
\ 392 × 2 = 784 7 7
\ √784 = 2 × 2 × 7 = 28 1

(v) 512 2 512


2 256
\ √512 = √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
2 128
Here prime factor 2 has no pair. 2 64
\ 512 must be multiplied with 2 to make a perfect square. 2 32
2 16
\ 512 × 2 = 1024
2 8
\ √1024 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32 2 4
2 2
1

6. (i) 5445
\ √5445 = √3 × 3 × 5 × 11 × 11 3 5445
3 1815
Here, prime factor 5 has no pair.
5 605
\ 5445 must be divided by 5 to make a perfect square. 11 121
\ 5445 ÷ 5 = 1089 11 11
\ √1089 = 3 × 11 = 33 1

52 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 52 1/17/2022 4:16:58 PM


(ii) 3872 2 3872
\ √3872 = √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11 2 1936
Here, prime factor 2 has no pair. 2 968
\ 3872 must be divided by 2 to make a perfect square. 2 484
\ 3872 ÷ 2 = 1936 2 242
11 121
\  √1936 = 2 × 2 × 11 = 44
11 11
1
(iii) 3380
2 3380
\ √3380 = √2 × 2 × 5 × 13 × 13
2 1690
Here, prime factor 5 has no pair.
5 845
\ 3380 must be divided by 5 to make a perfect square.
13 169
\ 3380 ÷ 5 = 676 \ √676 = 2 × 13 = 26
13 13
1
(iv) 8092
\ √8092 = √2 × 2 × 7 × 17 × 17 2 8092
Here, prime factor 7 has no pair. 2 4046
\ 8092 must be divided by 7 to make a perfect square. 7 2023
\ 8092 ÷ 7 = 1156 17 289
\ √1156 = 2 × 17 = 34 17 17
1
7.
Donated money = ` 3136 2 3136
Let the number of student = x 2 1568
\ Donated money = x × x 2 784
\ x2 = 3136 2 392
\ x = √3136 2 196
2 98
= √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7
7 49
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 = 56
7 7
Hence, the number of students is 56. 1

8.
Number of plants = 1936
Let the number of row of planted plants = x 2 1936
Each row contains number of plants = x 2 968
\ x2 = 1936 2 484
\ x = √1936 2 242
= √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11 11 121
= 2 × 2 × 11 = 44 11 11
Hence, each row contains 44 plants. 1

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 53

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 53 1/17/2022 4:16:58 PM


9. LCM of 4, 6 and 15 is 60 2 4 6 15
Factorisation of 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 2 2 3 15
Here, prime factors 3 and 5 have no pair. 3 1 3 15
\ 60 is multiplied with 15 to make a perfect square. 5 1 1 5
\ 60 × 15 = 900 1 1 1
Hence, the smallest square number which is divisible by 4, 6 and 15 is 900.

10. LCM of 3, 18 and 21 is 126 2 3 18 21


Factorisation of 126 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 3 3 9 21
Here, prime factors 2 and 7 has no pair. 3 1 3 7
\ 126 is multiplied with 14 to make a perfect square. 7 1 1 7
\ 126 × 14 = 1764 1 1 1
Hence, the smallest square number which is divisible by 3, 18 and 21 is 1764.

UNIT-4: 6.5.4 Finding Square Root by Division Method, 6.6 Square Roots of


Decimals, 6.7 Estimating Square Root, Exercise 6.4

A. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b)

Sums Based on Exercise 6.4

1. (i) 6889 (iii) 7921


Hence, the square root of 6889 is Hence, the square root of 7921 is
83. 89.
83 89
8 68 89 8 79 21
8 –64 8 –64
163 0489 169 1521
3 –489 9 –1521
166
000 178 0000

(ii) 4225
(iv) 9216
Hence, the square root of 4225 is
Hence, the square root of 9216 is
65.
96.
65 96
6 42 25 9 92 16
6 –36 9 –81
125 625 186 1116
5 –625 6 –1116
130 000 192 0000

54 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 54 1/17/2022 4:16:59 PM


42
(v) 1764 4 17 64
Hence, the square root of 1764 is 42.
4 –16
82 164
2 –164
84 000
2. (i)
Here, 6561 contains 4 digits which is even.
n 4
\ Number of digits in the square root = = = 2.
2 2
(ii) Here, 676 contains 3 digits which is odd.
n+1 3+1 4
\ Number of digits in the square root = = = = 2.
2 2 2
(iii) Here, 12544 contains 5 digits which is even.
n+1 5+1 6
\ Number of digits in the square root = = = = 3.
2 2 2

3. (i) 4.84 (iii) 10.24


Hence, the square root of 4.84 is Hence, the square root of 10.24 is
2.2. 3.2.
2.2 3.2
2 4.84 3 10.24
2 –4 3 –9
42 084 62 124
2 –84 2 –124
44
00 64
000

(ii) 24.01 (iv) 43.56


Hence, the square root of 24.01 is Hence, the square root of 43.56 is
4.9. 6.6.
4.9 6.6
4 24.01 6 43.56
4 –16 6 –36
89 801 126 756
9 –801 6 –756
000
98 000
132

2.9
2 8.41
(v) 8.41 2 –4
Hence, the square root of 8.41 is 2.9. 49 441
9 –441
000

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 55

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 55 1/17/2022 4:16:59 PM


4. (i) 531 23
As we know, if we subtract the remainder from the number, 2 5.31
we get a perfect square. 2 –4
\ Remainder is 2.
43 131
Thus, subtract 2 from 531 to get a perfect square.
3 –129
\ 531 – 2 = 529
Hence, the square root of 529 is 23. 46 002
23
2 5 29
2 –4
43 129
3 –129
46 000
51
(ii) 2606 5 26 06
As we know, if we subtract the remainder from the number,
5 –25
we get a perfect square.
\ Remainder is 5. 101 0106
Thus, subtract 5 from 2606 to get a perfect square. 1 –101
\ 2606 – 5 = 2601 102 005
Hence, the square root of 2601 is 51. 51
5 26 01
5 –25
101 0101
1 –101
102 000

61
(iii) 3726
As we know, if we subtract the remainder from the number, 6 37 26
we get a perfect square. 6 –36
\ Remainder is 5. 121 126
Thus, subtract 5 from 3726 to get a perfect square. 1 –121
\ 3726 – 5 = 3721
Hence, the square root of 3721 is 61. 122 005
61
6 37 21
6 –36
121 0121
1 –121
122 000

56 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 56 1/17/2022 4:16:59 PM


(iv) 6244 79
As we know, if we subtract the remainder from the number,
7 62 44
we get a perfect square.
\ Remainder is 3. 7 –49
Thus, subtract 3 from 6244 to get a perfect square. 149 1344
\ 6244 – 3 = 6241 9 –1341
Hence, the square root of 6241 is 79. 79 158 0003
7 62 41
7 –49
149 1341
9 –1341
158 0000
(v) 1445 38
As we know, if we subtract the remainder from the number,
3 14 45
we get a perfect square.
\ Remainder is 1. 3 –9
Thus, subtract 1 from 1445 to get a perfect square. 68 545
\ 1445 – 1 = 1444 8 –544
Hence, the square root of 1444 is 38. 38 76 001
3 14 44
3 –9
68 544
8 –544
76 000
5.
(i) 836
28
Since remainder is 52.
\ 282 < 836 2 8 36
Next perfect square number 2 –4
292 = 841 48 436
Hence, number to be added = 841 – 836 = 5
8 –384
\ 836 + 5 = 841
Hence, the square root of 841 is 29. 56 52

(ii) 3013
54
Since remainder is 97.
\ 542 < 3013 5 30 13
Next perfect square number 5 25
552 = 3025 104 513
Hence, number to be added = 3025 – 3013 = 12 4 –416
\ 3013 + 12 = 3025
108 97
Hence, the square root of 3025 is 55.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 57

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 57 1/17/2022 4:16:59 PM


(iii) 475
21
Since remainder is 34.
\ 212 < 475 2 4 75
Next perfect square number 2 –4
222 = 484 41 075
Hence, number to be added = 484 – 475 = 9
1 –41
\ 475 + 9 = 484
Hence, the square root of 484 is 22. 42 34

(iv) 1430 37
Since remainder is 61.
3 14 30
\ 372 < 1430
Next perfect square number 3 9
382 = 1444 67 530
Hence, number to be added = 1444 – 1430 = 14 7 –469
\ 1430 + 14 = 1444 74 61
Hence, the square root of 1444 is 38.
6. Let the length of side of a square be x metre.
Area of square = (Side)2
\ 784 = (x)2
\ √784 = x
x
\ √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 = x
\ 2×2×7 =x
\ 28 = x    ∴ x = 28
Hence, the length of the side of a square is 28 m.
7. (i) Using Pythagorous theorem P
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
= (7)2 + (24)2 (?)
= 49 + 576 7
= 625
∴ PR = 25 cm
Q 24 R
(ii) Using Pythagorous theorem
PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
∴ PQ2 = PR2 – PQ2
= (26)2 – (24)2
= 676 – 576 = 100
∴ PQ = 10 cm.
25
8. Stones = 665
2 6 65
Remainder is 45.
\ 252 < 665. 2 –4
Next perfect square = 26 = 676.
2
45 265
Thus, number to be added = 676 – 665 = 11. 5 –225
Hence, Soham requires eleven stones.
50 040

58 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 58 1/17/2022 4:16:59 PM


9. Number of chairs = 1035 32
322 < 1035
3 10 35
In each row, number of chairs is 32 as quotient and 11 as remainder.
3 –9
and left out chairs are 11.
62 135
2 –124
64 11

Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. eight 2. 6 3. 30.25 4. 5.3 5. 5
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False
1 is a natural number and square of 1 is not greater than 1.
5. False 6. True
3  1
If the square has 3 digits, then its square root has 2 i.e.  digits.
 2 
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c)
5. (d)
Given, M is the square of n, i.e. M = n2
Taking square root on both sides, we get n = √M
6. (c)

We have, 248 + 52 + 144 = 248 + 52 + 12   144  12

= 248 + 64 = 248 + 8   64  8

= 256 = 16   256  16

D.
Solve the following:
1.
Resolving 500 into prime factors, we have 2 500
Grouping the factors into pairs of equal factors, we get 2 250
500 = (2 × 2) × (5 × 5 × 5) 5 125
Clearly, by grouping into pairs of equal factors,
5 25
we are left with one factor 5, which cannot be paired.
5 5
Hence, 500 is not a perfect square.
1
2.
Factorisation of 176 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11
Here, 11 has no pair.
So, it is not a perfect square and 11 is the smallest number by which 176 should be
multiplied to get a perfect square.
Then, 176 × 11 = 22 × 22 × 11 × 11= 22 × 22 × 112 = 1936
= (44)2, which is a perfect square of 44.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 59

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 59 1/17/2022 4:17:00 PM


CHAPTER

7 Cubes and Cube Roots

UNIT-1: 7.1 I n t r o d u c t i o n , 7.2 C u b e s , 7.2.1 S o m e I n t e r e s t i n g P at t e r n s ,


7.2.2 Smallest Multiple that is a Perfect Cube, Exercise 7.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. equal 2. perfect cubes 3. three 4. ten
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False
3 × 3 = 9, there is no natural number which multiplied by itself three times gives 9
2. True 3. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (a)

Sums Based on Exercise 7.1

1. (i)  2 108 The prime factorisation of 108 is as follows:


2 54 108 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 22 × 33
 3 27 Here as each prime factor is not appearing as many times as perfect
3 9 multiple of 3. One 2 is remaining after grouping the triplets of 2.
3 3 Therefore, 108 is not a perfect cube.
1
2 216
(ii) The prime factorisation of 216 is as follows: 2 108
216 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 23 × 33 2 54
Here, as each prime factor is appearing as many times as a perfect multiple of 3 27
3, therefore, 216 is a perfect cube. 3 9
3 3
(iii) 2 11664 The prime factorisation of 11664 is as follows: 1
2 5832 11664 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
 2 2916 Here, as each prime factor is not appearing as many times as a
2 1458 perfect multiple of 3. One 2 is remaining after grouping the triplets
of 2.
3 729
Therefore, 11664 is not a perfect cube.
3 243
3 81
3 27
3 9
3 3
1

60 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 60 1/17/2022 4:17:00 PM


2. (i) 32 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
Here, two 2s are left which are not in triplet. To make 32 a cube, one more 2 is required.
In that case 32 × 2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 64 is a perfect cube.
Hence, the smallest natural number by which 32 should be multiplied to make it a
perfect cube is 2.
(ii) 256 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
Here, two 2s are left which are not in triplet.
To make 256 a cube, one more 2 is required.
Then, we obtain
256 × 2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 512 is a perfect cube.
Hence, the smallest natural number by which 256 should be multiplied to make it a
perfect cube is 2.
(iii) 675 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
Here, two 5s are left which are not in a triplet. To make 675 a cube, one more 5 is
required.
Then, we obtain
675 × 5 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 3375 is a perfect cube.
Hence, the smallest natural number by which 675 should be multiplied to make it a
perfect cube is 5.
(iv) 100 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
Here, two 2s and two 5s are left which are not in triplet. To make 100 a cube, we
required one more 2 and one more 5.
Then, we obtain
100 × 2 × 5 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 1000 is a perfect cube.
Hence, the smallest natural number by which 100 should be multiplied to make it a
perfect cube is 2 × 5 = 10.
3.
(i) 648 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
Here, one 3 is left which is not in triplet.
If we divide 648 by 3, then it will become a perfect cube.
thus, 648 ÷ 3 = 216 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 is a perfect cube.
Hence, the smallest number by which 648 should be divided to make it a perfect cube
is 3.
(ii) 625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
Here, one 5 is left which is not in triplet.
If we divide 625 ÷ 5 = 125 = 5 × 5 × 5 is a perfect cube.
Hence, the smallest number by which 625 should be divided to make it a perfect cube
is 5.
(iii) 128 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
Here, one 2 is left which is not in triplet.
If we divide 128 by 2, then it will become a perfect cube.
Thus, 128 ÷ 2 = 64 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 is a perfect cube.
Hence, the smallest number by which 128 should be divided to make it a perfect cube
is 2.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 61

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 61 1/17/2022 4:17:00 PM


(iv) 704 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11
Here, one 11 is left which is not in triplet.
If we divide 704 by 11, then it will become a perfect cube.
Thus, 704 ÷ 11 = 64 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 is a perfect cube.
Hence, the smallest number by which 704 should be divided to make it a perfect cube
is 11.
4.
Here, measures of cuboid are 4 cm × 2 cm× 4 cm
When these cuboids are arranged to form a cube, the side
of this cube so formed will be common multiple of the sides
4 cm 2 cm
(i.e. 4, 2, and 4) of the given cuboid.
L.C.M. of 4, 2 and 4 = 4. 4 cm
Let us try to make a cube of 8 cm side.
For this arrangement, we have to put 2 cuboids along
with its length 4 along with its width and 2 along with 8 cm
its height.
Total cuboids required according to this arrangement
= 2 × 4 × 2 = 16.
With the help of 16 cuboids of such measures, a cube 4 cm
is formed as follows: 8 cm
Alternatively,
Volume of cuboid of sides 4 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm 4 cm
= 4 cm × 2 cm × 4 cm = (4 × 2 × 4) cm3 2 cm
8 cm
Here, two 4s and one 2 are left which are not in a
triplet.
If we multiply this expression by 2 × 2 × 4 = 16, then it will become a perfect cube.
Thus (4 × 4 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 4) = (4 × 4 × 4 × 2 × 2 × 2) = 512 is a perfect cube.
Hence 16 cuboids of 4 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm are required to form a cube.

UNIT-2: 7.3 Cube Roots, 7.3.1 Cube Root Through Prime Factorisation Method,
7.3.2 Cube Root of a Cube Number, Exercise 7.2

A. Fill in the blanks.


3
1. √ 2. 20
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. True

Sums Based on Exercise 7.2

1. (i)   Prime factorisation of 4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2


3
  \ √4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16
(ii) Prime factorisation of 1728 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
3
\ √1728 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 12

62 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 62 1/17/2022 4:17:00 PM


(iii) Prime factorisation of 729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
3
\ √729 = 3 × 3 = 9
(iv) Prime factorisation of 3375 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5
3
\ √3375 = 3 × 5 = 15
(v) Prime factorisation of 74088 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 × 7
\ √74088 = 2 × 3 × 7 = 42
(vi) Prime factorisation of 6859 = 19 × 19 × 19
3
\ √6859 = 19
(vii) Prime factorisation of 110592
 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
3
\ √110592 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 48
(viii) Prime factorisation of 10648 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11 × 11
3
\ √10648 = 2 × 11 = 22
(ix) Prime factorisation of 15625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
3
\ √15625 = 5 × 5 = 25
(x) Prime factorisation of 54872 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 19 × 19 × 19
3
\ √54872 = 2 × 19 = 38
2. State true or false:
(i) True, Because all even numbers are divisible by 2. Consider this new number
obtained. This number is again divisible by 2 for any value of the wole number n.
Thus, the cube of any even number is itself an even number.
(ii) False, A perfect cube can never end with two zeroes because only the multiples
often can have a cube ending with zero. The cube of 10 is 1000. So this shows
that perfect cubes will not end with two zeroes.
(iii) False, as the square of a number never ends with 2.
(iv) False, There are many cubes which will end with 27. The cubes of all the numbers
having their unit place as 3 will end with 27.
(v) True, The smallest two digit natural number is 10 and the cube of 10 is 1000.
(vi) False, The largest two-digit natural number is 99 and the cube of 99 is 970299
which has 6 digits in it. Therefore, the cube of any two digit number cannot have
7 or more digits in it.
(vii) False as the cubes of 1 and 2 are 1 and 8 respectively.

Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. 8 2. 6 3. 2 4. odd
5. 3 1/ 3 6. 3 7. 3
x or x

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 63

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 63 1/17/2022 4:17:01 PM


B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False
3 3
√8000 = √(2 × 2 × 2) × (2 × 2 × 2) × (5 × 5 × 5)
= 2 × 2 × 5 = 20
2. False
There are eight perfect cubes between 1 and 1000 i.e 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512
and 729.
3. False
Cube of an even number is always an even number.
e.g.: 2 is an even number then 23 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
clearly, 8 is also an even number.
4. True 5. True
6. False
Let –8 be negative number
3 3
Then cube root of –8 = √–8 = √(–2) × (–2) × (–2) = –2
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a)
D.
Solve the following.
1.
Since the first three multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9.
Hence, the cubes of first three multiples of 3 are (3)3; (6)3 and (9)3 i.e 27, 216 and 729.
2. (a) We have 128 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
Since 2 remains after grouping triplets. 128 is not a perfect cube.
(b) We have 1331 = 11 × 11 × 11
Since the prime factors appear in triplets. 1331 is a perfect cube.

CHAPTER

8 Comparing Quantities

UNIT-1: 8.1 Recalling Ratios and Percentages, Exercise 8.1

A. Multiple choice questions.


1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b)
25 20
3 7
4. (d) × 100= 75% 5. (b) × 100= 140%
41 51

Sums Based on Exercise 8.1

15 hours 5 × 3 3
1. (a)   ratio = = = =3:7
35 hours 5 × 7 7

64 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 64 1/17/2022 4:17:01 PM


3m 300 cm 10
(b)   ratio = = = = 10 : 1
30 cm 30 cm 1
2
2. (a) 2 : 5 in percentage = × 100 = 40%
5
5 50 × 2 125
(b) 5 : 8 in percentage = × 100 = = 62.5%
8 2
4×2
8
16
3. No. of students gone to picnic = × 50 = 8 students
100
2
No. of students not gone to picnic= (50 – 8) = 42 students
4.   
20% of x = 5
20
∴ ×x =5
100 5
5 × 100
∴ x =
20
∴ x = 25
5. 25% spending left 75% of the total money
75% of x = 2100
75
∴ × x = 2100
100
700 4
2100 × 100
∴ x = = ` 2800
75 3 1

20
6. No. of children who like video game = ×10000 = 2000 children
100
40
No. of children who like cartoons = ×10000 = 4000 children
100
10
No. of children who like movie = ×10000 = 1000 children
100
Remaining percentage= 100 – (20 + 40 + 10) = 100 –70 = 30%
30
No. of children who like out door game = ×10000 = 3000 children
100

UNIT-2: 8.2 Finding the Increase or Decrease Percent, 8.3 Finding Discounts, 8.3.1


Estimation in Percentages, 8.4 Prices Related to Buying and Selling (Profit
and Loss), 8.4.1 Finding Cost Price/Selling Price, Profit% / Loss%, 8.5
Sales Tax/Value Added Tax (VAT) / Goods and Services Tax, Exercise 8.2

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. Sales Tax 2. Market price – Sale price 3. Market price
4. Sales tax 5. bill amount 6. Market price

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 65

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 65 1/17/2022 4:17:01 PM


B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. False 3. False 4. False
C.
Multiple-choice questions.
1.
(a)   Discount = discount% on market price
12
= × 11200 = ` 1344
100
Selling price = Market price – Discount
= 11200 – 1344 = ` 9856
10
2. (b) Sales Tax =
× 56840 = ` 5684
100
Total amount paid by her = 56840
+ 5684
62524
3. (a) Discount % = Discount × 100
(M.P – S.P) 80 – 76
= × 100= × 100
M.P 80
4 5
= × 100 = 5%
2 80

Sums Based on Exercise 8.2


50 × 2
4
100
1. original ticket rate= × 12 = ` 11.76
102
51 × 2
17

2.
Decrease in the students = 800 – 100 = 700
700
Decrease % of the students = × 100 = 87.5%
800
115
3.    Selling price of 60 Rakhis = × 4200 = 4830
100
4830
Selling price of 1 Rakhi = = ` 80.5
60
4.          Cost + Repairing = ` 1500 + ` 350
Total cost = ` 1850
112
selling price = × 1850 = ` 2072
100
5.
For gas stove, selling price would be 100 – 20 = 80% of ` 4000
80
Selling price of gas stove = × 4000 = ` 3200
100
For chimney, selling price would be 100 + 4 = 104% of ` 4000
104
selling price of chimney = × 4000 = ` 4160
100

66 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 66 1/17/2022 4:17:01 PM


buying price = 4000 + 4000 = 8000
selling price = 3200 + 4160 = 7360
loss = 8000 –7360 = ` 640
640
loss percent = × 100 = 8%
8000
6.
On marked price of ` 100, S.P. will be ` 85 (100 – 15 discount), so on marked price
of ` 2025,
85
S.P. = × 2025 = ` 1721.25
100
7. for buffalo, S.P. would be 100 + 5 = ` 105 on C.P. of ` 100.
100
C.P. of buffalo = × 15000 ≈ ` 14286
105
for cow, S.P. would be 100 – 10 = ` 90 on C.P. of ` 100.
100
C.P. of cow = × 12000 = 13333.33 ≈ ` 13333
90
S.P. of buffalo & cow = 15000 + 12000 = ` 27000
C.P. of buffalo & cow = 14286 + 13333 = ` 27,619
Loss = C.P. – S.P. = 27,619 – 27000 = ` 619
8.   S.P. after sales Tax = 115
115
Amount paid by Kashyap = × 45000 = ` 51750
100
9.
S.P. after discount would be = 100 – 15 = ` 85
100
marked price = × 21000 = ` 24705.88
85
10. S.P. would be = 100 + 6 = ` 106
100
Price before VAT = × 2400 = ` 2264.15
106

UNIT-3: 8.6 Compound Interest, 8.7 Deducing a Formula for Compound Interest, 8.8


Rate Compounded Annually or Half Yearly (Semi Annually), 8.9 Applications
of Compound Interest Formula, Exercise 8.3

A.Fill in the blanks.


R T
1. A = P  1 +
 100
2. Overhead 3. denominator
4.         Cost price of 10 table = Sale price of 5 tables
Profit 5
Profit percent = × 100= × 100 = 100%
C.P. 5
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 67

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 67 1/17/2022 4:17:01 PM


C.
Multiple-choice questions.
1.
(b)
R r 4 2
(b) A= P  1 +
2. = 50000 1 + = ` 54080
 100  100
I = A – P = 54080 – 50000 = 4080
3. (b) Let M.P. = x Discount% = 20%
S.P. = 1120
20 x
then, 1120 = x – x ×     ∴ 1120 = x –
100 5
4x
∴ 1120 =    ∴ x = 1400
5
4. (c) ` 100, price paid including VAT will be 108, so   VAT   Original price
108 100
13500 ?
13500 × 100
= = ` 12,500
108
Sums Based on Exercise 8.3

1. (a)      Principal ( ) = ` 20,000


Time (n) = 2 years
Rate of Interest (R) = 6%
R n
Amount (A) = P  1 +
 100
6 2 106 2
= 20,000  1 + = 20,000 × 
 100  100
106 106
= 20,000 × × = ` 22472
100 100
Compound Interest (C.I.) = A – P = 22472 – 20,000 = ` 2472
(b)        Principal (P) = ` 75,000
1
Time (n) = 2 years
2
Rate of Interest (R) = 10%
R n 10 2
Amount (A) = P  1 + = 75,000  1 +
 100  100
 1 2
 11 2
= 75000 1 + = 75000
 10  10
= 75,000 × 11 × 11 = ` 90750
10 10
1
Interest for years on ` 90,750 at rate of 10%
2 90,750 × 10 × 1
= = ` 4537.5
100 × 2
1
Total amount for 2 year = 90750 + 4537.5 = ` 95287.5
2
Compound Interest (C.I.) = A – P = 95287.5 – 75000 = ` 20287.5

68 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 68 1/17/2022 4:17:02 PM


(c)        Principal (P) = ` 10,000
Time (n) = 1 year = 2 half years
6
Rate of Interest (R) = = 3%
2
R n 3 2
Amount (A) = P  1 + = 10,000  1 +
 100  100
103 2 103 2
= 10,000  = 10000 
 100  100
103 103
= 10,000 × × = ` 10609
100 100
Compound Interest (C.I.) = A – P = 10609 – 10,000 = ` 609
(d)        Principal (P) = ` 22,000
Time (n) = 1 year = 2 half years
10
Rate of Interest (R) = = 5%
2
R n 5 2
Amount (A) = P  1 + = 22,000  1 +
 100  100
11 21
105 105
= 22,000 × × = ` 24255
2
100 100

Compound Interest (C.I.) = A – P = 24,255 – 22,000 = ` 2255


2.      Principal (P) = ` 35,400
Time (n) = 2 years 3 months
Rate of Interest (R) = 12% p.a.
R n 12 2
Amount for 2 years (A) = P  1 + = 35,400  1 +
 100  100
112 112
= 35,400 × × = ` 44,405.76
100 100
3 1
Interest for 3 months = = years @ 12%
12 4
44405.76 × 12 × 1
= = ` 1332.17
100 × 4
Total amount = 44405.76 + 1332.17 = ` 45,737.93
3. Solution: Zoya’s interest:
Principal (P) = ` 35,500
Time (n) = 2 years
Rate of Interest (R) = 15%
P × R × T 35,500 × 15 × 2
Simple Interest (S.I.) = = = ` 10,650.
100 100
Krina’s amount:
Principal (P) = ` 35,500
Time (n) = 2 years
Rate of Interest (R) = 11%

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 69

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 69 1/17/2022 4:17:02 PM


R n 11 2
Amount (A) = P  1 + = 35,500  1 +
 100  100
111 111
= 35,500 × × = ` 43739.55
100 100
Interest = Amount – Principal
= 43739.55 – 35500 = ` 8239.55
Thus, Zoya pays more interest by 10,650 – 8239.55 = ` 2410.45
4. Solution: Simple interest:
Principal (P) = ` 24,000
Time (n) = 3 years
Rate of Interest (R) = 8%
P × R × T 24,000 × 8 × 3
Simple Interest (S.I.) = = = ` 5760.
100 100
Compound Interest:
R n 8 3
A = P 1 + = 24000  1 +
 100  100
108 108 108
= 24000 × × × = ` 30233.088
100 100 100
C.I. = A – P = 30233.088 – 24000 = ` 6233.088
Difference in both interest = 6233.088 – 5760 = ` 473.088
5. (a) Principal (P) = ` 40,000
Time (n) = 6 months = 1 half year
10%
Rate of Interest (R) =
= 5% [Compounded half yearly]
2
R n 5 1
Amount (A) = P  1 + = 40,000  1 +
 100  100
105
= 40,000 × = ` 42000
100
After 6 months, Sohan will get an amount of ` 42000.
(b) Principal (P) = ` 40,000
Time (n) = 1 year = 2 half years (Compounded half yearly)
10%
Rate of Interest (R) = = 5% (Compounded half yearly)
2
R n 5 2
Amount (A) = P  1 + = 40,000  1 +
 100  100
105 105
= 40,000 × × = ` 44,100
100 100
Thus, After 1 year, Shohan would get amount of ` 44,100.
6. (a) Principal (P) = ` 50,000
1
Time (n) = 1 years
2
70 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 70 1/17/2022 4:17:02 PM


Rate of Interest (R) = 12%
R n 12 1
Amount for 1 year (A) = P  1 + = 50,000  1 +
 100  100
112
= 50,000 × = ` 56000
100
6
1 56000 × 12 × 1
Interest for year = = ` 3360
2 100 × 2
Total amount = 56000 + 3360 = ` 59,360
(b) Principal (P) = ` 50,000
1
Time (n) = 1 = 3 half years
2
12%
Rate of Interest (R) = = 6% (compounded half yearly)
2
R n 6 3
Amount (A) = P  1 + = 50,000  1 +
 100  100
53
106 106 106
= 50,000 × × ×
100 100 100
20
10
595508
= = ` 59550.8
10
Difference in amount = 59550.8 – 59,360 = ` 190.8

Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. 400 2. 100% 3. marked price 4. bill amount
5. Discount 6. 8 7. ` 1000 8. 300
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False
Marked price of a book = ` 190
sales tax = 2%
2
The cost price of the book = 190 + 100 × 190

book after 2% sales tax = 190 + 190


50
= 190 + 3.8 = ` 193.8
2.
False, Sales tax is always calculated on the selling price of an item and is added to the
value of the bill.
3. False, Discount is a reduction given on marked price not on cost price.
4. True
compound interest, CI = A – P

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 71

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 71 1/17/2022 4:17:02 PM


R T
where, A = P × 1 +
 100
Here, P = Principal on previous year’s amount and
A = Present year’s amount
R = Rate of interest and T = Time.
5. False
Marked price = ` x
Discount amount = ` y
Discount y
∴ Discount percentage = × 100% = × 100%
Marked price x
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b)
5. (c) 6. (b)

CHAPTER

9 Algebraic Expressions and Identities

UNIT-1: 9.1 W hat are E xpressions ? 9.2 T erms , F actors and C oefficients ,


9.3 Monomials, Binomials and Polynomials, 9.4 Like and Unlike Terms, 9.5
Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions, Exercise 9.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. coefficient 2. polynomial 3. monomial, binomial and trinomial
4. additive inverse
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True
6. True 7. True 8. True 9. False 10. False
11. False 12. True 13. False
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b)
5. (c) 6. (b)

Sums Based on Exercise 9.1

1. (i) There are two terms 7xyz2 and –11xy.


Coefficients of 7xyz2 is 7 and of –11xy is –11.
(ii) There are three terms 3, 4a, and 9a2.
Coefficients of 3 is 1 ; of 4a is 4 and of 9a2 is 9.
(iii) There are three terms x2y2, –5x2y2z2, 3z2.
Coefficients of x2y2 is 1 ; of –5x2y2z2 is –5 and of 3z2 is 3.

72 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 72 1/17/2022 4:17:02 PM


(iv) There are four terms 11, –4pd, 2qs and –7sp.
Coefficient of 11 is 1; of –4pd is –4; of 2qs is 2 and of –7sp is –7.
x y
(v) There are three terms , and –xy
7 7
x 1 y 1
Coefficients of is ; of is and of –xy is –1.
7 7 7 7
(vi) There are three terms 0.9a, – 0.12 ab and 0.7b
Coefficients of 0.9a is 0.9; of –0.12 ab is –0.12 and of 0.7b is 0.7.
2.
(i) 93x + 101y — Binomial (ii) 6x – 8y + 9xy — Trinomial
(iii) 3000 — Monomial (iv) 8z – 17z2 — Binomial
(v) 10x + 20x2 + 31x3 + 51x4 — (vi) 3ab + 5bc + 13cd + 9da —
None of monomial, binomial and None of monomial, binomial and
trinomial trinomial
(vii) 11 + 13y + 17x4 — Trinomial (viii) 11pds — Monomial
(ix) 5y – 7y2 — Binomial (x) 9p2d + 11pd2 — Binomial
(xi) 3y – 5y2 + 6y3 — Trinomial (xii) 3p + 4d — Binomial
3. (i) 3ab – 5bc
+ 2bc – 7ca
+ –3ab + 5ca
– 3bc – 2ca
(ii)   7a – 3b + 2ab
+ 7b – 2c + 3bc
+ –3a + 5c + 2ac
4a + 4b + 3c + 2ab + 3bc + 2ac
(iii) 7 – 5pq + 3p2q2
+ 11 + 9pq – 4p2q2
18 + 4pq – p2q2
(iv)   3l2 + 2m2
+ 5m2 + 9n2
+ 2l 2
7n2
+ 3lm + 5mn + 7nl
5l + 7m + 16n + 3lm + 5mn + 7nl
2 2 2

4. (i)   9a – 10ab + 33b – 5 (ii)   7xy – 3yz – 4zx + 11xyz


– 5a + 8ab + 9b + 13 – 5xy + 9yz – 8zx
4a – 18ab + 24b – 18 2xy – 12yz + 4zx + 11xyz
(iii) 11p2q – 3pq2 + 7pq – 4p – 10q + 19
– 4p2q + 9pq2 – 8pq – 7p + 11q – 12
7p2q – 12pq2 + 15pq + 3p – 21q + 31

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 73

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 73 1/17/2022 4:17:02 PM


UNIT-2: 9 . 6  M u lt ip l i c at i o n o f A l g e b r a i c E x p r e s s i o n s : I n t r o d u c t i o n ,
9.7 Multiplying a Monomial by a Monomial, 9.7.1 Multiplying two monomials,
9.7.2 Multiplying three or more monomials, Exercise 9.2
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. length × breadth 2.  length × breadth × height 3. monomial, monomial
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c)
Sums Based on Exercise 9.2

1. (i) 3 × 9p = 27p (ii) (–7p) × 13p = –91p2 (iii) (–8p) × 11pq = –88p2q
(iv) 18p × 0 = 0 (v) 16p3 × (–5p) = –80p4
2. (i) Length = 3p; Breadth = 11q; Area of rectangle = 3p × 11q = 33pq
(ii) Length = 30m; Breadth = 25n; Area of rectangle = 30m × 25n = 750mn
(iii) Length = 10x2; Breadth = 125y2; Area of rectangle = 10x2 × 125y2 = 1250x2y2
(iv) Length = 12x; Breadth = 9x2; Area of rectangle = 12x × 9x2 = 108x3
(v) Length = 9mn; Breadth = 8np; Area of rectangle = 9mn × 8np = 72mn2p
3. Complete the table of products.

First monomial →
3x –7y 9x2 –8xy 5x2y –3x2y2
Second monomial ↓
3x –21xy 27x3 –24x2y 15x3y –9x3y2
–7y –21xy 49y2 63x2y 56xy2 –35x2y2 21x2y3
9x
2
27x3 –63x2y 81x4 –72x3y 45x4y –27x4y2
–8xy –24x2y 56xy2 –72x3y 64x2y2 –40x3y2 24x3y3
5x2y 15x3y –35x2y2 45x4y –40x3y2 25x4y2 –15x4y3
–3x2y2 –9x3y2 21x2y3 –27x4y2 24x3y3 –15x4y3 9x4y4
4.
Here l, b and h are length, breadth and height respectively.
(i) l = 25a, b = 6a2, h = 3a4
Volume of the rectangular box = l × b × h = 25a × 6a2 × 3a4 = 450a7
(ii) l = 4p, b = 16q, h = 16s
Volume of the rectangular box = l × b × h = 4p × 16q × 16s = 1024 pqs.
(iii) l = 3xy, b = 5x2y, h = 4xy2
Volume of the rectangular box = l × b × h = 3xy × 5x2y × 4xy2 = 60x4y4
(iv) l = 2a, b(breadth) = 5b, h = 7c
Volume of the rectangular box = l × b(breadth) × h
= 2a × 5b × 7c
= 70abc

74 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 74 1/17/2022 4:17:03 PM


5. (i) 2xy × 5yz × 7zx = 70x2y2z2
(ii) 3a × 4b × 9c × 5abc = 540 a2b2c2
(iii) 3a × (–2a2) × 7a3 = –42a6
(iv) 2m × (–6mn) × 19mnp = –228m3n2p.
(v) 3 × 8y × 16y2 × 5y3 = 1920y6

UNIT-3: 9.8 Multiplying a Monomial by a Polynomial, 9.8.1 Multiplying a monomial


by a binomial, 9.8.2 Multiplying a monomial by a trinomial, Exercise 9.3

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. binomial 2. trinomial
B. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c)
Sums Based on Exercise 9.3

1. (i) 16p × (7q + 11s) = 112pq + 176ps


(ii) 16a × (3a2 – 11) = 48a3 – 176a
(iii) 5ab × (29a –33b) = 145a2b – 165ab2
(iv) (0) × (3pq + 11qs + 8sp) = 0
(v) 19a2b2 × (2a + 5b) = 38a3b2 + 95a2b3
2. Complete the table.
Sr. No First expression Second expression Product

(i) a3 5b + c + 9d 5a3b + a3c + 9a3d


(ii) 2x + 3y – 5 9xy 18x2y + 27xy2 – 45xy

(iii) 3p 6p2 – 7p + 5 18p3 – 21p2 + 15p

(iv) 4p2q2 2p2 – 3q 8p4q2 – 12p2q3

(v) 2a + b + 3c 9abc 18a2bc + 9ab2c + 27abc2

3. (i)
(3a2) × (4a41) × (9a11) = 108 a54
40 18 40 18 144 3 8
(ii)  – p2q5 ×  pq3 = – × × p3q8 = – pq
 13  5 13 5 13
5 13 65
(iii)  x2y ×  – x5y5 = – x7y6 = –13x7y6
3  10 30 6
(iv) 3x × 4x2 × 5x3 × 11x4 = 660 x10
4. (a) 11x2(9x3 – 19) + 3 = 99x5 – 209x2 + 3
(i) Value of 11x2(9x3 – 19) + 3 for (x = 6)
= 11 × (6)2 × {9 × (6)3 – 19} + 3 = 11 × 36 × (9 × 216 – 19) + 3
= 396 × (1944 – 19) + 3 = (396 × 1925) + 3 = 762300 + 3 = 762303

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 75

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 75 1/17/2022 4:17:03 PM


1
(ii) Value of 11x2(9x3 – 19) + 3 for  x =
 4
 1 2   1 3  11  9
= 11 × × 9 × – 19 + 3 = × – 19 + 3
4  4  16  64
11  9 – 1216 11  1207
= × +3= × – +3
16  64 16  64
13277 –13277 + 3072 –10205
=– +3= =
1024 1024 1024
(b) a (a + a + 1) + 5 = a + a + a + 5
3 4 2 7 5 3

(i) Value of a3 (a4 + a2 + 1) + 5 for (a = 2)


= (2)3 × {(2)4 + (2)2 + 1} + 5 = 8 × (16 + 4 + 1) + 5
= 8 × 21 + 5 = 168 + 5 = 173
(ii) Value of a3(a4 + a2 + 1) + 5 for (a = 3)
= (3)3 × {(3)4 + (3)2 + 1} + 5 = 27 × (81 + 9 + 1) + 5
= 27 × 91 + 5 = 2457 + 5 = 2462
5. (a) 3p(4p – 7q) = 12p2 – 21pq
4q(7q – 9s) = 28q2 – 36qs
9s(7s – 2p) = 63s2 – 18ps
12p2 – 21pq
+ 28q2 – 36qs
+ 63s2 – 18ps
12p2 + 28q2 + 63s2 – 21pq – 36qs – 18ps
(b) 4x(5z – 3x – 7y) = 20zx –12x2 – 28xy
5y(2z – 9y – 3x) = 10yz – 45y2 – 15xy
–12x2 – 28xy + 20zx
+ –45y2 – 15xy + 10yz
–12x2 – 45y2 – 43xy + 20zx + 10yz
(c) 3l(20n – 2m + 3l) = 60nl – 6lm + 9l2
9l(2l – 6m + 3n) = 18l2 – 54lm + 27nl
9l2 – 6lm + 60nl
±
(–) ± 18l 54lm
2
± 27nl
–9l2 + 48lm + 33nl
(d) 8c(–2a + 3b + 4c) = –16ca + 24bc + 32c2
6a(2a + 5b + 3c) – 9b(3a – 2b + 5c)
= 12a2 + 30ab + 18ca – 27ab + 18b2 – 45bc
= 12a2 + 18b2 + 30ab – 45bc + 18ca
32c2 + 24bc – 16ca
–[12a + 18b
2 2
+ 30ab – 45bc + 18ca]
–12a2 – 18b2 + 32c2 – 30ab + 69bc – 34ca

76 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 76 1/17/2022 4:17:03 PM


UNIT-4: 9.9 Multiplying a Polynomial by a Polynomial, 9.9.1 Multiplying a Binomial
by a Binomial, 9.9.2 Multiplying a Binomial by a Trinomial, Exercise 9.4.

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. four 2. five
B. Multiple choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b)
Sums Based on Exercise 9.4

1.
(i) (3x + 7) × (5x – 2) = 15x2 – 6x + 35x – 14 = 15x2 + 29x – 14
(ii) (3a + b) × (2x + 3) = 6ax + 9a + 2bx + 3b = 6ax + 2bx + 9a + 3b
(iii) (2y – 3) × (3y – 5) = 6y2 – 10y – 9y + 15 = 6y2 – 19y + 15
(iv) (5pq + 2q2) × (4pq – q2) = 20p2q2 – 5pq3 + 8pq3 – 2q4
(v) (1.5l – 2.5m) × (1.5l + 2.5m) = 2.25l2 + 3.75lm – 3.75lm – 6.25m2
= 2.25l2 – 6.25m2
5  7  5 35 2 2 28
(vi)  a2 + 4b ×  3  a – b2  = 3 ×  a3 – a b + 4ab – b3
3   3  3 9 3
35
= 5a3 – a2b2 + 12ab – 28b3
3
2. (i) (7 – 3x) (5 + 2x) = 35 + 14x – 15x – 6x2 = 35 – x – 6x2 = –6x2 – x + 35
(ii) (5a2 + b) (2a + 3b2) = 10a3 + 15a2b2 + 2ab + 3b3
(iii) (2x + 5y) (3x – 4y) = 6x2 – 8xy + 15xy – 20y2 = 6x2 + 7xy – 20y2
(iv) (3p2 – 2q2) (5p + 3q) = 15p3 + 9p2q – 10pq2 – 6q3
3.
(i) (3x2 – 1) (2x + 3) + 10 = 6x3 + 9x2 – 2x – 3 + 10 = 6x3 + 9x2 – 2x + 7
(ii) (2a2 + 3) (3b3 + 1) + 5 = 6a2b3 + 2a2 + 9b3 + 3 + 5
= 6a2b3 + 2a2 + 9b3 + 8 = (6a2 + 9)b3 + 2a2 + 8
(iii) (3t + 5s2) (t2 – 2s) = 3t3 – 6ts + 5s2t2 – 10s3 = 3t3 – 10s3 + 5s2t2 – 6ts
(iv) (2a + b) (3c – d) + (5a – b) (7c + d) + 5 (3ac + 2bd)
= (6ac – 2ad + 3bc – bd) + (35ac + 5ad – 7bc – bd) + (15ac + 10bd)
= 56ac + 3ad – 4bc + 8bd
(v) (0.5x – 2y) (0.5x + 3y + 2) – 3.5x + 6y2
= 0.25x2 + 1.5xy + x – xy – 6y2 – 4y – 3.5x + 6y2
= 0.25x2 + 0.5xy – 2.5x – 4y
(vi) (2a + b + 3c) (a + b – 2c)
= 2a(a + b – 2c) + b(a + b – 2c) + 3c(a + b – 2c)
= 2a2 + 2ab – 4ac + ab + b2 – 2bc + 3ca + 3bc – 6c2
= 2a2 + 3ab + bc – ca + b2 – 6c2
= 2a2 + b2 – 6c2 + 3ab + bc – ca

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 77

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 77 1/17/2022 4:17:03 PM


UNIT-5: 9.10 What is an Identity? 9.11 Standard Identities, 9.12 Applying Identities,
Exercise 9.5.

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. a2 + 2ab + b2 2. a2 – 2ab + b2 3. a2 – b2 4. x2 + (a + b)x + ab
Sums Based on Exercise 9.5

1. (i)
(x + 9) (x + 9) = (x + 9)2 = (x)2 + 2(x)(9) + (9)2

[Q (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2] = x2 + 18x + 81
(ii) (3y + 9) (3y + 9) = (3y + 9)2 = (3y)2 + 2(3y)(9) + (9)2 = 9y2 + 54y + 81
(iii) (3a – 5) (3a – 5) = (3a – 5)2 = (3a)2 – 2(3a)(5) + (5)2 = 9a2 – 30a + 25
(iv) (3x – 5) (3x + 5) = (3x)2 – (5)2 = 9x2 – 25
3  3 3 2 3 3 2 9
(v)  5a – 5a – =  5a – = (5a)2 – 2(5a)  + = 25a2 – 15a +
 2  2  2  2  2 4
(vi) (–3a + 2c) (–3a + 2c) = (–3a + 2c)2 = (2c – 3a)2 = (2c)2 – 4(2c) (3a) + (3a)2
    = 4c2 – 24ca + 9a2 = 9a2 – 24ac + 4c2
(vii) (2.1m – 0.3) (2.1m + 0.3) = (2.1m)2 – (0.3)2  [Q (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2]
     = 4.41m – 0.09 2

x 7y  x 7y x 7y 2
(viii)  + + = +
5 9 5 9 5 9
x 2 x 7y 7y 2 x2 14 49
       = + 2  + = + xy + y2
5 5  9  9 25 45 81
(ix) (2a2 + 3b2) (–2a2 + 3b2) = (3b2 + 2a2) (3b2 – 2a2) = (3b2)2 – (2a2)2
[Q (p + q) (p – q) = p2 – q2]
= 9b4 – 4a4
(x) (5a – 3b) (5a – 3b) = (5a – 3b)2 = (5a)2 – 2(5a)(3b) + (3b)2 = 25a2 – 30ab + 9b2

2. (i)   (x + 5) (x + 11) = x2 + (5 + 11)x + (5 × 11)


[Q (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab]
= x2 + 16x + 55
7 3
(ii) (8x + 7) (8x + 3) = 8 ×  x + × 8 × x +
 8  8
 7  3  2  7 3 7 3 
= 64 × x + × x+ = 64 ×  x + + x + × 
 8  8  8 8 8 8 
10 21 5 21
= 64 ×  x2 + x+ = 64 ×  x2 + x + = 64x2 + 80x + 21
 8 64  4 64
(iii) (8x – 7) (8x – 3)
7 3
= 8 ×  x – × 8 × x –
 8  8
 7    3 
= 64 ×  x +  –  × x + –
  8    8 
 2 7 3 7 3 
= 64 ×  x +  – – x +  – × – 
  8 8  8  8 

78 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 78 1/17/2022 4:17:04 PM


10 21 5 21
= 64 ×  x2 – x+ = 64 ×  x2 – x +
 8 64  4 64
= 64x – 80x + 21
2

(iv) (8x + 3) (8x – 1)


3 1 3 1
= 8 ×  x + × 8 × x – = 64 ×  x + × x –
 8  8  8  8
 2 3 1 3 1  2 3
= 64 ×  x +  – x +  × – 
 = 64 × x2 + x –
 8 8 8  8   8 64
= 64x2 + 16x – 3
(v) (3x + 7y) (3x + 5y)
7 5 7 5
= 3 ×  x + y × 3 ×  x + y = 9 ×  x + y ×  x + y
 3  3  3  3
 2 7 5 7 5 
= 9 ×  x +  y + y x +  y × y 
 3 3 3 3 
35
= 9 ×  x2 + 4yx + y2 = 9x2 + 36xy + 35y2
 9
(vi) (3a + 7) (3a + 1)
2 2

7 1 7 1
= 3 ×  a2 + × 3 ×  a2 + = 9 ×  a2 + ×  a2 +
 3  3  3  3
 2 2  7 1 2 7 1   8 2 7
= 9 ×  (a ) + + a + ×  =9× a + a + 4
 3 3 3 3   3 9
= 9a4 + 24a2 + 7
(vii) (5xyz – 6) (5xyz – 4)
6 4
= 5 ×  xyz – × 5 ×  xyz –
 5  5
 6 4 6 4 
= 25 ×  (xyz)2 +  – – (xyz) +  –  – 
  5 5  5  5 
 2 2 2 24
= 25 ×  x y z – 2xyz +  = 25x2y2z2 – 50xyz + 24
 25
3. (i)   b – 11) = (b) – 2(b) (11) + (11)2 = b2 – 22b + 121
2 2

(ii) (0.3p – 0.4q)2 = (0.3p)2 – 2(0.3p) (0.4q) + (0.4q)2 = 0.09p2 – 0.24pq + 0.16q2
(iii) (xy + 9z)2 = (xy)2 + 2(xy) (9z) + (9z)2 = x2y2 + 18xyz + 81z2
(iv) (3xy + 7y)2 = (3xy)2 + 2(3xy) (7y) + (7y)2 = 9x2y2 + 42xy2 + 49y2
(v) (12x2 – 7y)2 = (12x2)2 – 2(12x2) (7y) + (7y)2 = 144x4 – 168x2y + 49y2
5 3 2 5 2 5 3 3 2 25 9
(vi)  m + n =  m + 2  m  n +  n = m2 + 2mn + n2
3 5 3 3 5 5 9 25
4.
(i) (3a2 – 2b2)2 = (3a2)2 – 2(3a2)(2b2) + (2b2)2 = 9a4 – 12a2b2 + 4b4
(ii) (3x + 2)2 – (2x – 3)2 = (3x)2 + 2(3x) (2) + (2)2 – {(2x)2 – 2(2x) (3) +(3)2}
= 9x2 + 12x + 4 – (4x2 – 12x + 9)
= 9x2 + 12x + 4 – 4x2 + 12x – 9 = 5x2 + 24x – 5

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 79

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 79 1/17/2022 4:17:04 PM


(iii) (5m – 4n)2 + (5m + 4n)2
= {(5m)2– 2(5m)(4n) + (4n)2} + {(5m)2 + 2(5m)(4n) + (4n)2}
= (25m2 – 40mn + 16n2) + (25m2 + 40mn + 16n2) = 50m2 + 32n2
(iv) (2m + 3n)2 + (3m + 2n)2
= (2m)2 + 2(2m)(3n) + (3n)2 + (3m)2 + 2(3m)(2n) + (2n)2
= 4m2 + 12mn + 9n2 + 9m2 + 12mn + 4n2 = 13m2 + 13n2 + 24mn
(v) (1.5p – 0.5q)2 – (0.5q – 1.5q)2
= (1.5p)2 – 2(1.5p) (0.5q) + (0.5q)2 – {(0.5q)2 – 2(0.5q) (1.5q) + (1.5q)2]
= 2.25p2 – 1.5pq + 0.25q2 – {0.25q2 – 1.5q2 + 2.25q2}
= 2.25p2 – 1.5pq + 0.25q2 – 0.25q2 + 1.5q2 – 2.25q2
= 2.25p2 – 1.5pq + 1.5q2 – 2.25q2
(vi) (2ab + 3bc)2 – 3ab2c = (2ab)2 + 2(2ab) (3bc) + (3bc)2 – 3ab2c
= 4a2b2 + 12ab2c + 9b2c2 – 3ab2c
= 4a2b2 + 9b2c2 + 9ab2c
(vii) (3m – n m) + 3m n = (3m2)2 – 2(3m2) (n2m) + (n2m)2 + 3m2n2
2 2 2 2 2

= 9m4 – 6m3n2 + n4m2 + 3m2n2


5. (i) L.H.S = (2x)2 + 2(2x)(11) + (11)2 – 88x = 4x2 + 44x + 121 – 88x
= 4x2 – 44x + 121
= (2x – 11)2
= R.H.S. \ L.H.S = R.H.S.
\ (2x + 11) – 88x = (2x – 11)
2 2

(ii) L.H.S. = (3p – 7q)2 + 84pq = (3p)2 – 2(3p)(7q) + (7q)2 + 84pq


= 9p2 – 42pq + 49q2 + 84pq
= 9p2 + 42pq + 49q2 = (3p + 7q)2 = R.H.S.
\ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
\ (3p – 7q)2 + 84pq = (3p + 7q)2
6 5 2
(iii) L.H.S. =  m – n + 4mn
5 6
6 2
6 5 5 2
= m –2 m  n + n + 4mn
5 5 6 6

36 2 25 36 25
=
m – 2mn + n2 + 4mn = m2 + 2mn + n2
25 36 25 36
36 2 6 5 25 6 5 2
= m + 2 m  n + n2 =  m + n = R.H.S.
25 5 6 36 5 6
\ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
6 5 2 6 5 2
\  m – n + 4mn =  m + n
5 6 5 6
(iv) L.H.S. = (8pq + 5q) – (8pq – 5q)2
2

= (8pq)2 + 2(8pq)(5q) + (5q)2 – {(8pq)2 – 2(8pq) (5q) + (5q)2}


= 64p2q2 + 80pq2 + 25q2 – 64p2q2 + 80pq2 – 25q2

80 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 80 1/17/2022 4:17:05 PM


= 160 pq2 = R.H.S.
\ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
\ (8pq + 5q)2 – (8pq – 5q)2 = 160pq2
(v) L.H.S. = (2a – 3b) (2a + 3b) + (3b – 5c) (3b + 5c) + (5c – 2a) (5c + 2a)
= (2a)2 – (3b)2 + (3b)2 – (5c)2 + (5c)2 – (2a)2
= 0 = R.H.S.
\ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
\ (2a – 3b)(2a + 3b) + (3b – 5c) (3b + 5c) + (5c – 2a) (5c + 2a) = 0
6.(i)   812 = (80 + 1)2 = (80)2 + 2(80) (1) + (1)2 = 6400 + 160 + 1 = 6561
(ii) 982 = (100 – 2)2 = (100)2 – 2(100) (2) + (2)2
  = 10000 – 400 + 4 = 10004 – 400 = 9604
(iii) 1012 = (100 + 1)2 = (100)2 + 2(100) (1) + (1)2 = 10000 + 200 + 1 = 10201
(iv) 10022 = (1000 + 2)2 = 1000000 + 2(1000)(2) + 4
= 1000000 + 4000 + 4= 1004004
(v) 4.82 = (5 – 0.2)2 = (5)2 – 4(5) (0.2) + (0.2)2
= 25 – 4 + 0.04 = 21 + 0.04 = 21.04
(vi) 77 × 83 = (80 – 3) × (80 + 3) = (80)2 – (3)2[ (a – b) (a + b) = a2 – b2]
= 6400 – 9 = 6391
(vii) 298 × 304 = (300 – 2) × (300 + 4) = (300)2 + (–2 + 4) (300) + (–2) (4)
 [ (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab]
= 90000 + 600 – 8 = 90600 – 8 = 90592
(viii) 9.12 = (9.0 + 0.1)2 = (9.0)2 + 2(9.0) (0.1) + (0.1)2 = 81 + 1.8 + 0.01 = 82.81
7.(i)   522 – 482 = (52 – 48) (52 + 48) = 4 × 100 = 400
(ii)  (1.01)2 – (0.99)2 = (1.00 + 0.01)2 – (1.0 – 0.01)2
= (1.00)2 + 2 × (1.00) (0.01) + (0.01)2 – {(1.0)2 – 2 × (1.0)
(0.01) + (0.01) }
2

\ (1.01)2 – (0.99)2 = 1.00 + 0.02 + 0.0001 – (1.00 – 0.02 + 0.0001)


= 1.0201 – (1.0001 – 0.02) = 1.0201 – 0.9801 = 0.0400
(iii) 154 – 146 = (154 + 146)(154 – 146)
2 2

[a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)] = 300 × 8 = 2400


8. (i) 101 × 102 = (100 + 1) × (100 + 2) = (100)2 + (1+ 2) × 100 + (1 × 2)
= 10000 +(3 × 100) + 2 = 10000 + 300 + 2 = 10302
(ii) 6.2 × 6.3
= (6.0 + 0.2) × (6.0 + 0.3) = (6.0)2 + (0.2 + 0.3) × (6.0) + (0.2 × 0.3)
= 36.0 + (0.5 × 6.0) + (0.06) = 36.0 + 3.0 + 0.06 = 39.06
(iii) 8.6 × 8.7 = (8.0 + 0.6) × (8.0 + 0.7)
= (8.0)2 + (0.6 + 0.7) × 8.0 + (0.6 × 0.7) = 64.00 + (1.3 × 8.0) + 0.42
= 64.00 + 10.4 + 0.42 = 74.82
(iv) 102 × 97
= (100 + 2) × (100 – 3) = (100)2 + (2 – 3) × 100 + {2 × (–3)}
= 10000 + {(–1) × 100} + (–6) = 10000 – 100 – 6 = 10000 – 106 = 9894

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 81

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 81 1/17/2022 4:17:05 PM


Miscellaneous Exercise
A.
Fill in the blanks.
1.
Polynomial
As the product of two polynomials is again polynomial.
2. x
We have px2 + qx = x(px + q)...(taking x as common)
3. 3mn (5 + 4p)
We have 15mn + 12mnp = 3 × 5 × m × n + 3 × 4 × m × n × p
= 3mn (5 + 4p)
4. 30 pqr
We know that the volume of a rectangular box, v = Length × Breadth × Height
= 3p × 2q × 5r
= (3 × 2 × 5)pqr = 30 pqr
5. 2x2z
We have 30x3y2z ÷ 15xy2 2
30x3y2z 30 × x × x × x × y × y × z
i.e. =
15xy2 15 × x × y × y
= 2x2z
6. 57 + 47, 1040
We have 572 – 472 = (57 – 47) (57 + 47)
...[ a – b = (a – b) (a + b)]
2 2

= 10 × 104 = 1040
7. x + 1
4x + 4 4x 4
We have = + =x+1
4 4 4
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True
We know that (a + b) (a – b) = a × a – a × b + b × a – b × b
= a2 – ab + ba – b2 = a2 – b2
2. True
Since the constant term (i.e. a number ) present in the expression –5p2q2 is –5.
3. False
Since the given expression contains three unlike terms, so it is trinomial.
4. True
x2 x x2 + x 1
We have + = = x(x + 1)
2 2 2 2
1
\ The factors are x & (x + 1)
2
5. True
We have 11xy2 = 11 × x × y × y
121x3y3 = 11 × 11 × x × x × x × y × y × y
1331x2y = 11 × 11 × 11 × x × x × y
\ Common factor = 11 × x × y = 11xy

82 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 82 1/17/2022 4:17:05 PM


6. False
Solution: False
We have x2 + 30x + 216 = x2 + (12 + 18)x + 216
= x2 + 12x + 18x + 216
= x(x + 12) + 18(x + 12)
= (x + 18) (x + 12)
7. True
We have (x + 1) (x – 1) (x2 + 1) = (x2 – 1) (x2 + 1)
[using the identity (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2 in first two factors]
= (x2)2 – (1)2 = x4 – 1
8. False
x 3 x x 1 3 x
We have     ÷ = × = x2....[Q Reciprocal of is ]
3 x 3 3 9 x 3
1
Hence, the quotient is x2
9
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b)
We have
(a – b)2 = (a – b) (a – b)
= a(a – b) – b(a – b)
= a ·a – a ·b – b·a + b·b
= a2 – ab – ab + b2...[Q a ·b = b·a]
= a2 – 2ab + b2
& (a + b)2 = (a + b) (a + b)
= a ·a + a ·b + b·a + b·b = a2 + 2ab + b2
2. (d)
Given monomials are –3p2q2 & p2q2.
Now, we have to subtract the first one from the second one
i.e. p2q2 – (–3p2q2) = p2q2 – (–3)p2q2
= p2q2 + 3p2q2 = (1 + 3)p2q2 = 4p2q2
3. (b)
We know that the like term contain the same literal factor. So, the like term as 6x3y2 is
–4x3y2 as it contains the same literal factor x3y2.
4. (d)
Binomials are algebraic expressions consisting of two unlike terms
(a) 5 × x + x = 5x + x = 6x...[monomial]
(b) 4x2 + 5y + 2z ...[trinomial]
(c) 5x × 3y × 2z = 30xyz...[monomial]
(d) 6(x2 + y) = 6x2 + 6y...[binomial]
5. (a)
Required sum =
(x – y + xy) + (y + z – yz) + (z – x – xz)
= x – y + xy + y + z – yz + z – x – xz
= 2z + xy – xz – yz  ...[Adding the like terms & retaining others]

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 83

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 83 1/17/2022 4:17:05 PM


6.
(a)
Required product = 4a × (–7b3) × (–7ab)
        = 4 × (–7) × (–7) a × b3 × ab = 196 a2b4
7. (d)
Square of (3a – 4b) will be (3a – 4b)2
Comparing (3a – 4b)2 with (x – y)2
we get x = 3a & y = 4b
Now, using the identity (x – y)2 = x2 – 2xy + y2
(3a – 4b)2= (3a)2 – 2 · 3a · 4b + (4b)2 = 9a2 – 24ab + 16b2
8. (b)
We have x2 – 10x + 21
= x2 – 7x – 3x + 21
= x(x – 7) – 3·(x – 7)...[by splitting the middle term, so that the product of their
 numerical coefficients is equal constant term]
= (x – 7) (x – 3)
9. (c)
25a2bc 25 × a × a × b × c 25 1
Required value = = = ac = ac
125ab 125 × a × b 125 5
10. (d)
We have
3a3 + 9a2 + 27a
(3a3 + 9a2 + 27a) ÷ 3a =
3a
3 9
3a3 9a2 27a
= + + = a2 + 3a + 9
3a 3a 3a
D. Solve the following. 1 1

1. Add:
(i) We have
3x(x – y + z) + 2y(x – y + z)
= (3x2 – 3xy + 3xz) + (2xy – 2y2 + 2yz)
= 3x2 – 3xy + 2xy + 2yz + 3xz – 2y2
= 3x2 – xy + 2yz + 3xz – 2y2 ...[grouping like terms]
(ii) We have
7a2bc + (–3abc2) + 3a2bc + 2abc2
= 7a2bc – 3abc2 + 3a2bc + 2abc2
= (7a2bc + 3a2bc) + (–3abc2 + 2abc2)
= 10a2bc + (–abc2) = 10a2bc – abc2
2. Subtract:
(i) We have 7x(3y + 7x) & 8x(2x – 7y)
The required difference is given by 8x(2x – 7y) – 7x(3y + 7x)
= 16x2 – 56xy – 21xy – 49x2
= (16x2 – 49x2) + (–56xy – 21xy) ...[grouping like terms]
= – 33x – 77xy
2

(ii) We have,
(5a2 – 3ab + 4b2 – 9) – (7b2 + 5ab – 2a2 + 13)

84 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 84 1/17/2022 4:17:05 PM


= 5a2 – 3ab + 4b2 – 9 – 7b2 – 5ab + 2a2 – 13
= (5a2 + 2a2) – (3ab + 5ab) + (4b2 – 7b2) – (9 + 13)
= 7a2 – 8ab – 3b2 – 22
3.
Multiply the following:
(i) We have –5x2yz, 11xz, 13xyz2
\ –5x2yz × 11xz × 13xyz2 = (–5 × 11 × 13)x2yz × xz × xyz2 = –715x4y2z4
(ii) We have a, a5 & a6
\ a × a5 × a6 = a1 + 5 + 6 = a12
(iii) We have (a + 6), (b – 7)
\ (a + 6) × (b – 7) = a(b – 7) + 6(b – 7) = ab – 7a + 6b – 42
–100 3
(iv) We have pq & p3q2
9 4
25 1
–100 3 100 3 –25
\
pq × p3q2 =  – × pq × p3q2 = × p4q3
9 4  93 14 3
3 4 2 3
(v) We have  a – b &  a + b
4 3 3 2
3 4 2 3
\ a– b  a+ b
4 3 3 2 3 2 3 4 2 3
= a a+ b – b a+ b
4 3 2 3 3 2
1 2 1
3 2 3 3 4 2 4 3
= × a2+ × ab – × ab – × b2
4 3 4 2 3 3 3 2
2 1 1

1 9 8 1 9 8
= a2 + ab – ab – 2b2 = a2 +  – ab – 2b2
2 8 9 2 8 9
1 81 – 64 1 17
= a2 +  ab – 2b2 = a2 + ab –2b2
2  72 2 72
4. Simplify
(i) We have
(3a + 2b)2 – (3a – 2b)2
= {(3a + 2b) + (3a – 2b)} {(3a + 2b) – (3a – 2b)}
...{using the identity a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)}
= {3a + 2b + 3a – 2b} {3a + 2b – 3a + 2b}
= 6a × 4b = (6 × 4)ab = 24ab
(ii) We have (2.5x + 1.5y)2 + (2.5x – 1.5y)2
= (2.5x)2 + (1.5y)2 + 2 × 2.5x × 1.5y + (2.5x)2 + (1.5y)2 – 2 × (2.5x) × (1.5y)
...[using the identity (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab & (a – b)2 – a2 + b2 – 2ab]
= 6.25x2 + 2.25y2 + 6.25x2 + 2.25y2
= (6.25 + 6.25)x2 + (2.25 + 2.25)y2
= 12.5x2 + 4.5y2

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 85

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 85 1/17/2022 4:17:06 PM


7 9
(iii) We have  x + y – xy
9 7 7 2 9 2 7 9
=  x +  y + 2 × x × y – xy
9 7 9 7
49 2 81 2 49 2 81
= x + y + 2xy – xy = x + xy + y2
81 49 81 49
5. (i) We have
2x 2  2x 2a 2x 2  2 2a 2x  –2 2a
 – + = + – + + ×
 3 3  3 3  3  3 3 3  3 3
...[using the identity, (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab]
4x2 2a –2 2 4 4x2 4 4
= + × x– a= + (a – 1)x – a
9 3 3 9 9 9 9
(ii) We have
(0.9m – 0.5n)2 = (0.9m)2 + (0.5n)2 – 2 × 0.9m × 0.5n
 ...[using the identity, (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab]
= 0.81m2 + 0.25n2 – 0.9mn
6. (i) We have
4a2 9b2  2a 2
3b 2  2a 3b 2a 3b
– = – = + + –
9 16  3  4  3 4  3 4
(ii) We have
16m4 – 625n4 = (4m2)2 – (25n2)2
= (4m2 + 25n2) (4m2 – 25n2)= (4m2 + 25n2) [(2m)2 – (5n)2]
= (4m2 + 25n2) (2m + 5n) (2m – 5n)
7. (i) We have
Area of rectangle = p2 – 7p + 10
= p2 – (5 + 2)p + 10
= p2 – 5p + 2p + 10
= p(p – 5) – 2(p – 5) = (p – 5) (p – 2)
\ The possible length & breadth are (p – 5) & (p – 2)
(ii) We have
Area of rectangle = m2 + 9m + 20
= m2 + (5 + 4)m + 20
= m2 + 5m + 4m + 20
= m(m + 5) + 4 (m + 5) = (m + 5) (m + 4)
\ The possible length & breadth are (m + 5) & (m + 4)

CHAPTER

10 Visualising Solid Shapes

UNIT-1: 10.1 Introduction, 10.2 Views of 3D-Shapes, Exercise 10.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. two-dimensional shapes 2. length, breadth and height or depth

86 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 86 1/17/2022 4:17:06 PM


3. three-dimensional shape 4. space
5. 2-D 6. three -dimensional (3-D)
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. False 3. False 4. False
Sums Based on Exercise 10.1

1. (a) Front view Top view

Cube

(b) Front view

Top view

Triangular Prism

(c) Front view

Top view

Square pyramid

(d) Front view

Top view

Cylinder

(e) Front view

Top view

Hexagonal Prism

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 87

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 87 1/17/2022 4:17:07 PM


2. (a) Top

Side

Front Front view Side view Top view


Pentagonal Prism

(b) Top

Side

Front
Tetrahedron Front view Side view Top view
or Triangular Pyramid

(c) Top

Side

Front
Pentagonal Cone Front view Side view Top view
or Pentagonal Pyramid

(d) Top

Side

Front
Hexagonal Pyramid Front view Side view Top view

88 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 88 1/17/2022 4:17:08 PM


Top
3. (a)

Side

Front
Front view Side view Top view
(b) Top

Side

Front view Side view

Front

Top view

(c) Top

Side

Front
Front view Side view Top view
(d) Top

Side

Front
Front view Side view Top view
(e) Top

Side

Front
Front view Side view Top view

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 89

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 89 1/17/2022 4:17:09 PM


4. (a) Front view    Side View  
Top view

(b) Side View    Top view (c) Front view   Side View Top view
      

UNIT-2: 10.3 Mapping Space Around Us, Exercise 10.2

Sums Based on Exercise 10.2


1.
LOCALITY
POST
LOCALITY
OFFICE
BUS
DEPOT RO
AD LIBRARY
MARKET A

RING ROAD
C
DD

ROAD

CITY
B

B.Ed
ROA

ROAD

GARDEN COLLEGE
SECONDARY LOCALITY
SCHOOL
LOCALITY

D
ROA
CG
CEMETARY
MARKET

Answer the following:


(a) Colour the map as follows: Blue-water, Red-bus depot, Orange-locality, Yellow-
post office, Green-city garden, Pink-market, Purple-B.Ed. college, Brown-cemetery
(b) Mark a green ‘X’ at the interaction of Road ‘C’ and Ring road, green ‘Y’ at the
interaction of Road ‘A’ and CG Road.
(c) In red, draw a short street route from cemetery to bus depot.
(d) Which is further east, market or secondary school?
(e) Which is further north, post office or cemetery?
2. Draw a map of your room using proper scale and symbols for different objects.
3. Draw a map of your area using proper scale and symbols for various features like
play ground, main building, garden, etc.
4. Draw a map giving instructions to your uncle so that he reaches your school without
any difficulty.

90 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 90 1/17/2022 4:17:09 PM


UNIT-3: 10.4 Faces, Edges and Vertices, Exercise 10.3
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. faces 2. regular 3. hexagon, triangle
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. True 3. True
Sums Based on Exercise 10.3
1. (i) No. There is no polyhedron with four squares as its faces.
(ii) Yes. Cube is a polyhedron with six squares as its faces.
2.(II) and (III) are pyramids.
(II) is triangular pyramid or tetrahedron.
(III) is square pyramid.
3. Yes. Triangular prism, octahedron and pentagonal cone have six vertices.
4. Here, ‘V’ stands for number of vertices, ‘F’ stands for number of faces and ‘E’ stands
for number of edges.
(i) V = 8, E = 12, F = 6
∴ V – E + F = 8 – 12 + 6 = 14 – 12 = 2
So, Euler’s formula is verified.
(ii) V = 6, E = 10, F= 6
∴ V – E + F = 6 – 10 + 6 = 12 – 10 = 2
So, Euler’s formula is verified.
(iii) V = 10, E = 15, F= 7
∴ V – E + F = 10 – 15 + 7 = 17 – 15 = 2
So, Euler’s formula is verified.
(iv) V = 7, E = 12, F= 7
∴ V – E + F = 7 – 12 + 7 = 14 – 12 = 2
So, Euler’s formula is verified.
5.
Number of vertices = V = 18
Number of edges = E = 22
Number of faces = F =12
Any polyhedron satisfies Euler’s formula.
Here, V – E + F = 18 – 22 + 12 = 30 – 22 = 8 ≠ 2
Since, Euler’s formula is not satisfied, such a polyhedron is not possible.
6. By Euler’s formula, we have V – E + F = 2
(i) V – E + F = 2 (ii) V – E + F = 2
∴ 20 – 30 + F = 2 ∴ V – 12 + 8 = 2
∴ F – 10 = 2 ∴V–4=2
∴ F = 12 ∴V=6
(iii) V – E + F = 2
∴ 12 – E + 20 = 2 ∴ 32 – E = 2
∴ E = 32 – 2 ∴ E = 30
7. No. There is no polyhedron with five pentagons as its faces.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 91

HF_TKA_Math_G8-Anskey_I.indd 91 1/17/2022 4:17:09 PM


CHAPTER

11 Mensuration

UNIT-1: 11.1 Introduction, 11.2 Let us Recall, Exercise 11.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. length × breadth 2. (side)2      3. 
base× altitude
4. (radius)2 5. base × height
B. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c)
5. (c)
Sums Based on Exercise 11.1
1. Given: The side of a square = 70 m Now, Area of square field = (Side)2
And the length of rectangular field = (70)2
= 90 m
According to question, = 4900 m2
Perimeter of rectangular field = and Area of rectangular field
Perimeter of square field = Length × breadth
2(l + b) = 4 × side = 90 × 50
∴2(90 + b) = 4 × 70 = 4500 m2
∴180 + 2b = 280 Hence, Area of square field is Larger.
∴2b = 280 – 180
∴2b = 100
∴b = 50 m
2.    Side of a square plot = 40 m
∴ Area of square plot = (side)2 = (40)2 = 1600 m2
Length of the house = 30 m
Breadth of the house = 25 m
∴ Area of the house = length × breadth = 30 × 25 = 750 m2
Area of garden = Area of square plot – Area of house
= 1600 – 750 = 850 m2
Cost of developing the garden per sq m = ` 60
∴ Cost of developing the garden of 850 sq. m = ` 60 × 850 = ` 51,000
Hence, total cost of developing a garden is ` 51,000
3.Given: Total Length = 30 m
Diameter of semi circle = 9 m
9
∴Radius of semi circle = = 4.5 m
2
Length of rectangular field = 30 – (4.5 + 4.5) = 30 – 9 = 21 m
Breadth of the rectangular field = 9 m
∴Area of the rectangular field = l × b = 21 × 9 = 189 m2

92 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 92 1/17/2022 4:15:31 PM


1 2 1 22
pr =2× ×
Area of two semi circles = 2 × × (4.5) × (4.5) = 63.6 m2
2 2 7
Area of garden = 189 + 63.6 = 252.6 m2
22
Now, Perimeter of two semi circles = 2 × p r = 2 × ×4.5 = 28.3 m
7
And Perimeter of garden = 28.3 + 21 + 21 = 70.3 m
4. Given: Base of flooring tile = 26 cm = 0.26 m
Corresponding height of a floor tile =10 cm = 0.10 m
Now Area of flooring tile = Base × Altitude
= 0.26 × 0.10 = 0.026 m2
Area of floor 1170
∴ Number of tiles required to cover the floor = =
Area of one tile 0.026
= 45000 tiles
Hence, 45000 tiles are required to cover the floor.
Diameter 1.4
5. (a) Radius = = = 0.7 cm
2 2
22
Circumference of semi circle = p r = × 0.7 = 2.2 cm
7
Total distance covered by the ant = Circumference of semi circle + Diameter
= 2.2 + 1.4 = 3.6 cm
(b) Diameter of semi circle = 1.4 cm
Diameter 1.4
∴Radius = = = 0.7 cm
2 2
22
Circumference of semi circle = p r = × 0.7 = 2.2 cm
7
Total distance covered by the ant = 1.5 + 2.2 + 1.5 + 1.4 = 6.6 cm
(c) Diameter of semi circle = 1.4 cm
Diameter 1.4
∴Radius = = = 0.7 cm
2 2
22
Circumference of semi circle = p r = ×0.7 = 2.2 cm
7
Total distance covered by the ant = 2 + 2 + 2.2 = 6.2 cm
Hence, for fig. (b) food piece, the ant would take a longer round.

UNIT-2: 11.3 Area of Trapezium, 11.4 Area of a General Quadrilateral, 11.4.1 Area


of Special Quadrilaterals, 11.5 Area of a Polygon, Exercise 11.2

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. height × sum of parallel sides 2. diagonals
B. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (a)
5. (c) 6. (b)
Sums Based on Exercise 11.2
1. Here one parallel side of the trapezium (a) = 2 m
And second side (b) = 4.2 m and height (h) = 0.8 m
ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 93

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 93 1/17/2022 4:15:31 PM


1
∴ Area of top surface of the table = (a + b) × h
2
1 1
= (2 + 4.2) × 0.8 = (6.2 × 0.8) = 2.48 m2
2 2
Hence, the surface area of the table is 2.48 m 2

2.
Let the length of the other parallel side be b.
Length of one parallel side (a) = 10 cm and height (h) = 8 cm
1
∴ Area of trapezium = (a + b) × h
2

1 4
∴ 44 = (10 + b) × 8 ∴ 44 = 40 + 4 b
2
∴ 44 – 40 = 4 b ∴ 4 = 4 b
∴ b = 1 cm
Hence, the another required parallel side is 1 cm long.
3. Given: BC = 43 m, CD = 19 cm, AD = 40 m and perimeter = 130 m.
∴Perimeter of trapezium ABCD = AB + BC + CD + DA
∴130 = AB + 43 + 19 + 40
∴130 =AB + 102
∴AB = 130 – 102 = 28 m
1
Now, Area of the field = × (BC + AD) × AB
2 14
1
= × (43 + 40) × 28 = 1162 m2
2
Hence, area of the field ABCD is 1162 m2.
4.Here, h1 = 13 m, h2 = 9 m, and AC = 36 m
Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= Area of DABC + Area of DADC.
1 1 1 1
= × b × h1+ × b × h2 = × b × (h1 + h2) = × 36 × (13 + 9)
2 2 2 2
1
= × 36 × 22 = 396 m2
2
Hence, required area of the field is 396 m2.
5. Given: d1 = 6.5 cm and d2 = 14 cm.
We know that
7
1 1
Area of rhombus = × d1 × d2 = × 6.5 × 14 = 45.5 cm2
2 2
Hence, area of rhombus is 45.5 cm 2

6. Since rhombus is also a kind of parallelogram


∴Area of rhombus = Base × Altitude = 12 × 8 = 96 cm2
1
Also, Area of rhombus = d1d2
2

94 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 94 1/17/2022 4:15:31 PM


8
1 96
∴96 = × 16 × d2 ∴d2 = = 12 cm.
2 8
Hence, the length of the other diagonal is 12 cm.
7.
Here, d1 = 42 cm and d2 = 30 cm
15
1 1
∴Area of one tile = × d1d2 = × 42 × 30 = 630 cm2
2 2
∴Area of 2000 tiles = 630 × 2000 = 1260000 cm2
1260000
= = 126 m2 [∵1 m2 = 10000 cm2]
10000
Cost of polishing the floor per sq. meter = ` 4
∴Cost of polishing the floor per 126 sq. meter = 4 × 126 = ` 504
Hence, the total cost of polishing the floor is ` 504.
8. Given: Perpendicular distance (h) = 100 m
Area of the trapezium shaped field = 20400 m2
Let side along the road be x m and side along the river = 2 x m
1
∴ Area of the trapezium field = (a + b) × h
2
1 20400
∴ 20400 = (x + 2 x) × 100
∴ 3x=
2 50
136
408
∴ x=   ∴ x = 136 m
3
Hence, the side along the river = 2 x = 2 × 136 = 272 m
9. Given: Octagon having eight equal sides, each 5 m.
Construction: Divide the octagon in 3 figures, two trapeziums whose parallel and
perpendicular sides are 13 m and 4 m respectively and third figure is rectangle having
length 13 m and breadth 5 m.
1
Area of two trapeziums = 2 × (a + b) × h
2
1
= 2 × (13 + 5) × 4 = 18 × 4 = 72 m2
2

And area of rectangle = length × breadth = 13 × 5 = 65 m2

∴ Total area of octagon = 72 + 65 = 137 m2
10. First way : By Jigisha’s diagram
Area of Pentagon = Area of trapezium ABCP + Area of trapezium AEDP
1 1
= (AP + BC) × CP + (ED + AP) × DP
2 2
1 1
= (50 + 25) × CP + (25 + 50) × DP
2 2
1
= (50 + 25) × (CP + DP)
2
= 1 × (75) × CD = 1 × 75 × 25 = 937.5 m2
2 2

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 95

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 95 1/17/2022 4:15:31 PM


Second way: By Krupa’s diagram
Here, a perpendicular AM is drawn to BE
AM = 50 – 25 = 25 m
Area of pentagon = Area of ∆ABE + Area of square BCDE
1
= ×25 × 25 + 25 ×25
2
= 312.5 + 625 = 937.5 m2

Hence, total area of pentagon shaped park = 937.5 m2
III
11. Here two of given figures (I) and (II) are similar in dimensions

24 cm

32 cm
And also figures (III) and (IV) are similar in dimensions II I
∴ Area of figure (I) = Area of trapezium 20 cm
1 IV
= (a+ b) × h
2 28 cm
1 2
= 1 (32 + 24) × 4 = × 56 × 4 = 112 cm2
2 2
Also, area of figure (II)= 112 cm 2

Now, Area of figure (III) = Area of trapezium


1 1 2
= (20 +28) × 4 = × 48 × 4 = 96 cm2
2 2
Also, Area of figure (IV) = 96 cm2

UNIT-3: 11.6 Solid Shapes, 11.7 Surface Area of Cube, Cuboid and Cylinder,


11.7.1 Cuboid, 11.7.2 Cube, 11.7.3 Cylinders, Exercise 11.3

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. faces 2. congruent 3. right circular cylinders
4. three 5. 2(lb + bh + hl) and 2h(l +b)
6. lateral surface area 7. 6 l 2 8. 2 prh and 2 pr(r+h)
B. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c)
5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c)

Sums Based on Exercise 11.3


1. (a) Given: Length of cuboidal box (l)= 50 cm
Breadth of cuboidal box (b)= 30 cm
Height of cuboidal box (h)= 40cm
∴ Total Surface area of cuboidal box
= 2 (lb+ bh + lh) = 2 (50×30 + 30×40 + 50×40)
= 2 (1500+ 1200+2000) = 2 × 4700 = 9,400 cm2
Since total surface area of box (a) is less than that of box (b), box (a) requires the
lesser amount of material.

96 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 96 1/17/2022 4:15:31 PM


(b) Given: Length of cuboidal box (l)= 40 cm
Breadth of cuboidal box (b)= 40 cm
Height of cuboidal box (h)= 40cm
∴ Total Surface area of cuboidal box
= 2 (lb+ bh lh) = 2 (40×40 + 40×40 + 40×40)
= 2 (1600+ 1600+1600) = 2 × 4800 = 9600 cm2
Since total surface area of box (a) is less than that of box (b), box (a) requires the
lesser amount of material.
2. Given: Length of suitcase box (l) = 90 cm
Breadth of suitcase box (b)= 54 cm
And Height of cuboidal box (h)= 27 cm
∴ Total Surface area of suitcase box
= 2 (lb+ bh + lh) = 2 (90 × 54 + 54 × 27 + 90 × 27)
= 2 (4860 + 1458 + 2430) = 2 × 8748 = 17496 cm2
Area of Tarpaulin cloth = Surface area of suitcase = l × b =17496
∴ l × 108 = 17496 ∴ l = 17496 ∴ l = 162 cm
108
Required tarpaulin for 100 suitcases = 162 × 100 = 16200 cm = 162 m
Hence, the tarpaulin cloth required to cover 100 suitcases is 162 m.
3.
Here, surface area of cube = 5400 cm2
5400
∴ 6l2 = 5400 ∴ l2 = = 900
6
∴ l = 30 cm
Hence, the side of cube is 30 cm
4. Here,
Length of cabinet (l) = 4m
Breadth of cabinet (b) = 2m And Height of cabinet (h) = 3m
∴ Surface area of cabinet = lb+ 2 (bh+lh) = 4 × 2 + 2 (2 × 3 + 4 × 3)
=8 + 2 (6 + 12) = 8 + 36 = 44 m2
Hence, the required surface area of cabinet is 44 m2
5. Here,
Length of wall (l) = 30 m
Breadth of wall (b) = 20 m and
Height of wall (h) = 14 m
∴ Total surface area of hall = lb+ 2 (bh+lh) = 30 × 20 + 2 (20 × 14 + 30 × 14)
= 600 + 2 (280+ 420) = 600+1400 = 2000 m2
Area of hall 2000
Now, Required number of cans = = = 20 cans
Area of one can 100
Hence, 20 cans of paint are required to paint the room.
6.
Given: Diameter of cylinder = 14 cm
14
∴ Radius of cylinder (r)= = 7 cm And Height of cylinder (h) = 14 cm
2
Lateral surface area of cylinder = 2p rh

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 97

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 97 1/17/2022 4:15:32 PM


22
= 2× × 7 × 14 = 616 cm2
7
Now, Lateral surface area of cube = 4 l2
  = 4 × (14)2 = 4× 196 = 784 cm2
The two figures have the same height but different surface area. Hence, the cube has
larger lateral surface area.
7. Given: Radius of cylindrical tank (r) = 10 m
Height of cylindrical tank (h) = 4 m
Total surface area of cylindrical tank
= 2pr (h+r) 4m
22
=2× × 10 (10 + 4)
7
22
=2× × 10 × 142 = 880 m2
7 10 m
Hence, 880 m metal sheet is required.
2

8. Given: Lateral surface area of hollow cylinder = 4224 cm2


And Height of hollow cylinder = 44 cm = breadth of rectangular sheet
Curved surface area of hollow cylinder
22
= 2p rh = 4224 = 2× × r × 44
7
48
96
4224×7 48×7
∴ r = ∴ r= cm
2×22×44 22
Now, length of rectangular sheet = 2p r.
l = 2 × 22 × 48 × 7 ∴ l = 96 cm
7 22
Perimeter of rectangular sheet = 2(l+b) = 2(96+44) = 2 × 140 = 280 cm
Hence, the perimeter of rectangular sheet is 280 cm
9.
Given: Diameter of road roller = 91 cm
d 91
∴ Radius of road roller (r) = = cm
2 2
Length of road roller (h) = 1 m = 100 cm
Curved surface area of road roller = 2prh
13
22 91
=2× × × 100 = 28600 cm2
7 2
∴ Area covered by road roller in 750 revolutions = 28600 × 750
= 21,450,000 cm2 = 2145 m2 [∵1 m2 = 10,000 cm2]
Hence, the area of the road is 2145 m2
10.
Given: Diameter of cylindrical container = 28 cm
d 28
∴ Radius of cylindrical container (r) = = = 14 cm
2 2

98 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 98 1/17/2022 4:15:32 PM


Height of cylindrical container = 40 cm
Height of the label (h) = 40 – 2 – 2 = 36 cm
Curved surface area of label = 2p rh
2
22
= 2 × × 14 × 36 = 3168 cm2
7
Hence, the area of the label of 3168 cm2

UNIT-4:  1.8 V o lu m e o f a C u b e , C u b o i d a n d C y li n d e r , 11.8.1 C u b o i d ,


1
11.8.2 Cube, 11.8.3 Cylinder, 11.9 Volume and Capacity, Exercise 11.4

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. Volume 2. length × breadth× height, lbh 3. area of the base
4. cube 5. l3 6. perpendicular
7. p r2 h 8. 1 9. 1000 10. 1000000, 1000
B. The statement is True.
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d)
5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (b)

Sums Based on Exercise 11.4


1.
We find area when a region covered by a boundary such as outer and inner surface
area of a cylinder, a cone, a sphere and surface of wall or floor. When the amount of
space occupied by an object such as water, milk, coffee, tea, etc, then we have to find
out volume of the object.
(a) Volume   (b) Surface area (c) Volume
2.
Diameter of cylinder A = 21 cm
21
Radius of cylinder A = cm And Height of cylinder A = 28 cm
2
∴Volume of cylinder A = p r2h
11 3
14
22 21 21
= × × × 28 = 9702 cm3
7 2 2

Now, Diameter of cylinder B = 28 cm
28 14
Radius of cylinder B = = 14 cm
2
And height of cylinder B = 21 cm
∴ Volume of cylinder B = p r2h
2
22
= × 14 × 14 × 21 = 12936 cm3-
7
Thus, volume of cylinder B > volume of cylinder A
Total surface area of cylinder A = 2p r (h + r)

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 99

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 99 1/17/2022 4:15:32 PM


× 28 + ⎞ = 22 × 3 × ⎛
22 21 ⎛ 56 + 21⎞
11
21
=2×
× = 11 × 3 × 77 = 2541 cm2
7 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

Total surface area of cylinder B =2p r (r+h)
2
22
=2× × 14 × (14 + 21) = 4 × 22 × 35 = 3080 cm2
7
Yes, cylinder with greater volume also has greater surface area.
3. Given: Base area of cuboid = 160 cm2 and
volume of cuboid = 800 cm3.
We know that Volume of cuboid = l × b × h
∴ 800 = 160 × h [∴ Base area = l × b = 160] (given)
800
∴ h = = 5 cm.
160
Hence, the height of cuboid is 5 cm.
4.
Given: Length of cuboid (l) = 70 cm,
Breadth of cuboid (b) = 63 cm and
Height of cuboid (h) = 35 cm.
We know that Volume of cuboid = l × b × h = 70 × 63 × 35 cm3
And Volume of cube = (side)3 = 7 × 7 × 7 cm3
Volume of cuboid 70 × 63 × 35
∴ Number of small cubes = = = 450
Volume of cube 7×7×7
Hence, the number of required cubes is 450
5.Given: Volume of cylinder = 2.31 m3
and diameter of cylinder = 140 cm
d 140
∴ Radius (r) = = = 70 cm = 0.70 m
2 2
Volume of cylinder = pr2h
22 2.31 × 7
∴ 2.31 = × 0.7 × 0.7 × h =
7 22 × 0.7 × 0.7
∴ h = 231 × 7 × 10 × 10 = 1.5 m
22 × 7 × 7 × 100
Hence, the height of the cylinder is 1.5 m.
6. Given: Radius of cylindrical tank (r) = 3m And Height of cylinder tank (h) = 7 m
Volume of cylindrical tank = pr2h
22
= × 3 × 3 × 7 = 198 m3
7
= 198 × 1000 litres = 198000 litres [∵ 1 m3 = 1000 litres]
Hence, the required quantity of milk is 198000 litres.
7. (i) Let the edge of cube be L.
Since surface area of the cube (A) = 6l2
When edge of cube is doubled, then
Surface area of the cube (A1) = 6 (2l)2 = 6 × 4l2 = 4 × 6l2
A1 = 4 × A, Hence, the surface area will increase four times.

100 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 100 1/17/2022 4:15:32 PM


(ii) Volume of cube (V) = l3.
When edge of cube is doubled, then volume of cube (V1) = (2l)3 = 8l3.
V’ = 8 × V Hence, the volume will increase 8 times.
8.
Given: Volume of reservoir = 90 m3     Rate of pouring water into cuboidal
50
reservoir = 50 litres/minute. = m3/minute
1000
 ⎡ ∵ 1 m3 = 1000 litres ⇒ 1 litres = 1 m3⎤
⎣ 1000 ⎦
m /hour    ⎡ ∵ 1 minute = hour⎤
50 × 60 3 1
=
1000 ⎣ 60 ⎦
∴ 50 × 60 m3 water will be filled in reservoir in 1 hour
1000
∴ 1 m3 water will be filled in reservoir in 1000 = 10 = 1 hour
50 × 60 30 3
1
∴ 90 m3 water will be filled in reservoir in 90 × = 30 hours
3
It will take 30 hours to fill the reservoir.

Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. 2 2. equal 3. 2ph (r + h) 4. pr2h 5. 24
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True
Since all the faces of a cube are squares of same side length, therefore the areas of any
two faces of a cube are equal.
2. False
A cuboid has rectangular faces with different lengths and breadths. Only opposite faces
of cuboid have the same length and breadth. Therefore, areas of only opposite faces of
a cuboid are equal.
3. True
Given a cube of side 3 cm is painted on all its faces. Now, it is sliced in to 1 cm3 cubes.
Then, there will be 8 corner cubes with only one side painted and only 1 cube in the
middle that has no side painted.
4. False
The dimensions of the given cuboid are 2 × 1 × 1. It is sliced into two equal parts,
which are cubes. Then, the dimensions of the cube, so formed are 1 × 1 × 1.
∴ The surface area of the cube so formed = 6
∴ (side)2 = 6 × (1)2 = 6 sq units
Hence, the surface area of the sliced cube is 6 sq units.
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a)
5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a)

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 101

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 101 1/17/2022 4:15:32 PM


CHAPTER

12 Exponents and Powers

UNIT-1: 1 2 . 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n , 1 2 . 2 P o w e r s with N e g at iv e E x p o n e n t s ,
12.3 Laws of Exponents, Exercise 12.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. 1 2. a–m 3. 1 4. am × bm
am m
am
5. amn 6. m=  a  7. am – n
b  b

Sums Based on Exercise 12.1

1. (i)   3–4  1  m 1 
(ii) (–5)–3  1  m 1 
34  a  a m   a  a m 
( 5)3
1 1
 
81 125
3 3
 1  4  m 1 
(iii)  
4
 
 1  a  a m 

 ( 4) 3
 64
 m 1  1
2. (i)   (–2)4 ÷ (–2)8  ( 2) 4 8 [ a m  a n  a m  n ]  ( 2) 4  a  a m   ( 2) 4

3   a  m am 
(ii)  1 13 1 1
 3      m   3 3
3 3  
[ ( a m ) n  a m  n ] 
3 (3 )   b  b  3 39
4
 2
(iii) ( 4) 4    (iv)
(2 6  2 8 )(  2 46  ( 8)  2 4 [ a m  a n[
2 264 2 8 )  2 4  2 6  ( 8)  
 4
m
(2 6  2 8 ) m
6  8
264 68 84  2 64  ( 8)  2246  ( 8)62
4 6  8 m 4 n
 (2 84)[ a 42 a [  a nnm[
a maamn[]  a m n ]a n  a
4 4   a  (2 a(2m2  )22 )  2   a  m 2 2 am24  2 2  24

[  a  aamnn ]a m  n ]
2 2
 ( 4) 4   ( 4) 4       m26 8  24 26826284 2[24am2ma2n [a2mamn[]  a nm  aamnn ]a m  n ]
44 44  b b 2 4  b
2 2 b( 4 ) 
2 2  ( 4 )
2 2  22 2224  2 4
24 24 n 2 n n  2 2
 2
 ( 1) 4  44    ( 1) 4  44   [ (ab) n  an b2n ]
2  ( 4 )  ( (4ab
 2[2  2) 2)( 4) a b ]
44 44 1 1   m 1   m 1
 2 2  2 2  2m2  n 2
 44  4  24 m n mn m n 2  a  ama  a m
 44  4  24 [ a  a  a1 ] [  a  a 2 
 m
a ]
2 1 
 2 1 1  a  m a ma 1m  1 
 2  02 
 40  2 4  40  2 4 0
[ a  1] 2 2[ a2  1]  a   a m  a m 

 1  24  1  24
 24  24

102 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 102 1/17/2022 4:15:34 PM


1 1  m 1 
4 2  ( 9) 2  2 
(v)
 a  a m 
4 ( 9) 2
1
 [ (ab) m  a m b m ]
{4  ( 9)}2
1

( 36) 2
1
 [ (ab) m  a m b m ]
( 1)  (36) 2
2

1

(36) 2

 1 2  m 1 
3. (i)  1    3  a  m 
9  a 

 9  1 2
  3 [L.C.M.]
 9 
10 2 10 2
= 3  2 3
9 3
 10  32  2 [ a m  a n  a m  n ]

 10  30

 10  1 [ a 0  1]

 10

 1 1  m 1 
(31  9 1 )  32   1  1   32
(ii)
 a  a m 
3 9 

1 1
  1  2   32 [ a n  a n  a m  n ]
3 3 

1 1
 1 2
 32   32  33  32
3 33
 33 ( 2) [ a m  a n  a m  n ]

 33 2  31

1  n 1 

3  a  a n 

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 103

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 103 1/17/2022 4:15:35 PM


2 2 2
1  1  1  n 1 
(iii)    (31 ) 2  (51 ) 2  (7 1 ) 2
 3
 
 5
 
 7  a  a n 

 3( 1)  ( 2)  5( 1)  ( 2)  7( 1)  ( 2) [ ( a m ) n  a m  n ]

 32  52  7 2  9  25  49  83
0
(iv) (2 1  4 1  6 1 )0   1  1  1   n 1 
 2 4 6  a  a n 

 1 6 1 3 1 2 
   [L.C.M. = 12]
 2  6 4  3 6  2 
0 0
 6  3  2  11 
=  
 12   12 

1 [ a 0  1]
(v) 2
 3  2   3 
2  2
      [ ( a m ) n  a m  n ]
 4    4

4
 3 
 
 4

4
 4   n 1 
 
 3  a  a n 

256

81
1 3 2 1 3
4. (i)  9  4  (3 )  4
2 2
3 3

32  43
 [ ( a m ) n  a m  n ]
32

 32  ( 2)  43 [ a m  a n  a m  n ]

 32 2  43  30  43

 1  64 [ a 0  1]

 64

104 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 104 1/17/2022 4:15:35 PM


 1 1 1  m 1 
(ii) (6 1  4 1 )  31       a  a m 
 6 4 3

1 1 1
  
24 3 72

5. 6m ÷ 6–2 = 66 Comparing exponents on both sides, we get


\ 6m – (–2)= 66    [ am ÷ an = am–n] m + 2 = 6
\ 6m + 2= 66 \ m =6–2
\ m =4
1 1
 1  1  1  1   5  1  6  1   m 1 
6. (i) 
              a  a m 
 5   6   1   1  
 {5  6}1

1
 ( 1) 1   1
1

 4
6
 7
3
4 6 7 3   a  m am 
(ii)           m 
7  4 7 6 4 3  b b 

 4 6  ( 3)  7 3 ( 6) [ a m  a n  a m  n ]

 4 6 3  7 3 6  4 3  73

73  m 1 

43  a  a m 

343

64

64  x 3 43  x 3 43 ( 2) 1  x 3 ( 5) 44  x 2 256 2


7. (i)     x  128 x 2
4 2  8  x 5 4 2  4  2  x 5 2 2 2

(ii) 2 5  155  9 2 5  (3  5) 5  32 2 5  35  55  32


 
57  6 5 57  (2  3) 5 57  2 5  35

 2 5 ( 5)  35 2  ( 5)  55 ( 7 )

 2 5 5  35 2 5  55 7  20  32  52


 1  9  25  225

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 105

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 105 1/17/2022 4:15:36 PM


UNIT-2: 12.4 Use of Exponents to Express Small Numbers in Standard Form, Exercise
12.2
1. same 2. 10– 6 3. 0.00001325 4. True
Sums Based on Exercise 12.2

1012
1. (i)   0.0000000000073 = 0.0000000000073 × = 7.3 × 10–12
1012
1012
(ii) 0.00000000000382 = 0.00000000000382 × 12 = 3.82 × 10–12
10
1015
(iii) 4510000000000000 = 4510000000000000 × 15 = 4.51 × 1015
10
109
(iv) 0.00000000127 = 0.00000000127 × 9 = 1.27 × 10–9
10
1010
(v) 43890000000= 43890000000 × 10 = 4.389 × 1010
10
5.18
2. (i) 5.18 × 10–5 = = 0.0000518
105
(ii) 3.2 × 106 = 3.2 × 1000000 = 3200000
5
(iii) 5 × 10–4 = 4 = 0.0005
10
(iv) 3.0031 × 107 = 3.0031 × 10000000 = 30031000
(v) 1.7 × 1010 = 1.7 × 10000000000 = 17000000000
(vi) 8.73246 × 107 = 8.73246 × 10000000 = 87324600
1
3. (i) 1 micrometre = cm = 1 cm = 1 × 10–4 cm
10000 104
(ii) Charge of an electron is 0.000000000000000048 electrostatic unit
1017
= 0.000000000000000048 × 17
10
= 4.8 × 10–17 electrostatic unit
(iii) Distance from the Earth to the Sun is in 1,49,600,000,000 m
= 149,600,000,000 = 1.496 × 1011 m
(iv) Diameter of the red blood is 0.000007 m
7 7
= 0.000007 = = = 7 × 10–6 m
1000000 106
8 8
(v) Thickness of thin paper is 0.008 mm= 0.008 = = = 8 × 10–3 m
1000 103
4. Thickness of one book = 40 mm
Thickness of 8 books = 8 × 40 = 320 mm
Thickness of one paper = 0.032 mm
Thickness of 10 papers = 0.032 × 10 = 0.32 mm
Total thickness of the stock = 320 + 0.32 = 320.32 mm
102
= 320.32 × 2 = 3.2032 × 102 mm
10

106 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 106 1/17/2022 4:15:36 PM


Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. a–7 2. 1 3. 1 4. negative
5. 1.234 ×10 7
6. 2394610 7. 0.0000003 8. 84 9. 2–5
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. False 3. True 4. True
5. False 6. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c)
5. (d) 6. (a)

CHAPTER

13 Direct and Inverse Proportions

UNIT-1: 13.1 Introduction, 13.2 Direct Proportion, Exercise 13.1

A.
Fill in the blanks.
1.
direct 2. direct, directly 3. directly
x
4. x ∝ y   x = ky   = k
y
12 1
k= =
48 4
x 6 1
=k ⇒ = ⇒ y = 24
y y 4
5. directly 6. ratio
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c)
2 8 4×2 2 15 5×3 3 20 2×10 2
    = =     = =     = =
3 12 4×3 3 20 5×4 4 30 3×10 3
2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (a)

Sums Based on Exercise 13.1


1. A table of the given information is formed as
Number of hours 4 8 12 24
Parking Charges (in `) 80 120 160 180

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 107

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 107 1/17/2022 4:15:37 PM


The ratio of parking charges to respective number of hours (`/hours) can be
calculated as
30 40
80 120 30 160 40 180 15
= 20, = ,= = , =
4 82 2 12 3 3 24 2

As each ratio is not same, therefore the parking charges are not in a direct proportion
to the parking time.
2. The given mixture of paint is prepared by mixing 1 part blue pigments with 9 parts of
base. For more parts of blue pigments, the parts of the base will also be more. There-
fore, the part of blue pigments & the parts of base are in direct proportion. The given
information in the form of a table is as follows:
Parts of blue pigment 1 5 6 14 20
Parts of base 9 x1 x2 x3 x4
According to direct proportion,
x1 9 x 9
= ⇒ x1 = 5 × 9 = 45          2 = ⇒ x2 = 6 × 9 = 54
5 1 6 1
x3 9 x4 9
= ⇒ x3 = 9 × 14 = 126 = ⇒ x4 = 9 × 20 = 180
14 1 20 1
The table can be drawn as follows:
Parts of blue pigment 1 5 6 14 20
Parts of base 9 45 54 126 180
3. Let the parts of blue pigment required to mix with 1500 ml of base be x.
The given information in the form of a table is as follows:
Parts of blue pigment 1 x
Parts of base (in ml) 60 1500
The parts of blue pigment & the parts of base are in direct proportion.
Therefore we obtain
1 x
=
60 1500
25
1 ×1500
⇒ x =
60 1
⇒ x = 25
Thus, 25 parts of blue pigments should be mixed with 1500 ml of base.
4. Let the number of bottles filled by the machine in four hours be x.
The given information in the form of a table is as follows.

Number of bottles 900 x


Time taken (in hours) 6 4

108 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 108 1/17/2022 4:15:37 PM


The number of bottles & the time taken to fill these bottles are in direct proportion.
900 x
Therefore, we obtain =
6 4
150
900 ×4
\ x = = 150 × 4 = 600   \ x = 600
6 1
Thus, 600 bottles will be filled in 4 hours.
5. Let the actual length of bacteria be x cm & the enlarged length of bacteria be y cm, if
the photograph is enlarged for 30,000 times.
The given information in the form of a table is as follows:
Length of bacteria (in cm) 6 x y
Number of times 60000 1
Photograph of Bacteria was enlarged 30000
The number of times the phtograph of bacteria was enlarged & the length of bacteria
are in direct proportion.
Therefore, we obtain
6 x 1
=    ⇒ x = = 10–4
60000 1 10000
Hence, the actual length of bacteria is 10–4 cm. Let the length of bacteria when the
photograph of bacteria is enlarged 30,000 times be y.
6 y
∴ =
60,000 30,000
30,000×6 18
∴ y = = =3
60,000 6
\ y =3
Hence, the enlarged length of bacteria is 3 cm.
6. Let the length of the mast of the model boat be x cm.
The given information in the form of a table is as follows:
Height of mast Length of boat
Model boat 7 cm x
Actual boat 14 m 24 m
We know that the dimensions of the actual boat & the model boat are directly
proportional to each other.
Therefore, we obtain
14 24
=
7 x
24×7 168
∴x = = = 12 cm
14 14
Thus, the length of the model boat is 12 cm.
7. (i) Let the number of wheat crystals in 4 kg of wheat be x.
The given information in the form of a table is as follows:

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 109

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 109 1/17/2022 4:15:37 PM


Amount of wheat (in kg) 2 4
Number of crystals 7 × 106 x
The amount of wheat & the number of crystals it contains are directly proportional to
each other. Therefore, we obtain
2 4
=
7 × 106
x
4×7×10 6 28×106
\ x = = \ x = 14 × 106
2 2
Hence, the no. of wheat crystals is 14 × 106
(ii) Let the number of wheat crystals in 1.2 kg of wheat be y
The given information in the form of a table is as follows:
Amount of wheat (in kg) 2 1.2
Number of crystals 7 × 10 6
y
2 1.2
=
7 × 106 y
1.2×7×106 8.4×106
∴y = = = 4.2 × 106
2 2
Hence, the number of wheat crystals is 4.2 × 10 6

8. Let the distance represented on the map be x cm.


The given information in the form of a table is as follows:
Distance covered on road (in km) 17 68
Distance represented on map (in cm) 1 x
The distance covered on road & represented on map are directly proportional to each
other.
Therefore, we obtain
17 68
=
1 x
\ x = 68 = 4   \ x = 4
17
Hence, the distance represented on the map is 4 cm.
9. Let the length of the shadow of the other pole be x m.
1 m = 100 cm
The given information in the form of a table is as follows:
Height of pole (in m) 4.40 10.50
Length of shadow (in m) 2.20 x
More the height of an object, more will be the length of its shadow.
Thus, the height of an object & length of its shadow are directly proportional to each
other
Therefore, we obtain
4.40 10.50
=
2.20 x

110 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 110 1/17/2022 4:15:37 PM


10.50×2.20 23.1
⇒ x = = = 5.25
4.40 4.4
\ x = 5.25
Hence, the length of the shadow will be 5 m 25 cm or 5.25 m.
(ii) Let the height of pole be y m.
The given information in the form of a table is as follows:
Height of pole (in m) 4.40 y
Length of shadow (in m) 2.20 5
4.40 y
= ⇒ y = 5 × 4.40 = 22 = 10
2.20 5 2.20 2.2
\ y = 10
Thus the height of the pole is 10 m.
10. Let the distance travelled by the bus in 4 hours be x km.
We know 1 hours = 60 minutes
\ 4 hours = (4 × 60) = 240 minutes
The given information in the form of table is as follows:
Distance travelled (in km) 16 x
Time (in min) 20 240
The distance travelled by the bus & the time taken by the bus are directly proportional
to each other. Therefore,
16 x     16×240 384
= ⇒x= =
20 240 20 2
\ x = 192
Hence, the distance travelled by the bus is 192 km in 4 hours.

UNIT-2: 13.3 Inverse Proportion, Exercise 13.2

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. inversely 2. inverse, inversely 3. inversely 4. inversely
5. 8
1
x∝ ⇒ xy = k
y
\ 4 × 6 = k    \ 24 = k 3 × y = 24
\ y =8
6. 12
45 persons can complete a work in 20 days
\ 1 person can complete a work in 45 × 20 days
3
15 4
45 × 20
\ 75 persons can complete work = = 12 days
75
25
5

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 111

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 111 1/17/2022 4:15:37 PM


B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (d)

Sums Based on Exercise 13.2


1. A table of the given information is as follows:
Number of Winners 1 2 4 5 8 10 20
Prize for each winner (in `) 50,000 25,000 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5
From the table, we obtain    1 × 50,000 = 2 × 25000 =50000.
Thus, the number of winners and the amount given to each winner are inversely
proportional to each other. Therefore,
1 × 50,000 = 4 × x1
50,000
\ x1 = = 12500 \ x1 = 12500
4
1 × 50,000 = 5 × x2
50,000
\ x2 = = 10,000 \ x2 = 10,000
5
1 × 50,000 = 8 × x3
50,000
\ x3 = = 6250 \ x3 = 6250
8
1 × 50,000 = 10 × x4
50,000
\ x4 = = 5000 \ x4 = 5000
10
1 × 50,000 = 20 × x5
50,000
\ x5 = = 2500 \ x5 = 2500
20
2. A table of the given information is as follows:
Number of spokes 4 6 8 10 12
Angle between a pair of consecutive spokes 90º 60º x1 x2 x3
From the given table, we obtain    4 × 90º = 360º = 6 × 60º
Thus, the number of spokes & the angle between a pair of consecutive spokes are
inversely proportional to each other. Therefore,
4 × 90º = x1 × 8
4 × 90º 360º
\ x1 = = = 45º
8 8
4 × 90º 4 × 90º
Similarly, x2 = = 36º & x3 = = 30º
10 12
Thus the following table is obtained

112 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 112 1/17/2022 4:15:37 PM


Number of spokes 4 6 8 10 12
Angle between a pair of consecutive spokes 90º 60º 45º 36º 30º
(i) Yes, the number of spokes & the angles formed between the pairs of consecutive
spokes are in inverse proportion.
(ii) Let the angle between a pair of consecutive spokes on a wheel with 15 spokes
be x. Therefore
4 × 90º = 15 × x
4 × 90º 360º
\ x = = = 24º
15 15
\ x = 24º
Hence, the angle between a pair of consecutive spokes of a wheel which has 15
spokes in it, is 24º.
(iii) Let the number of spokes in a wheel which has 40º angle between a pair of
consecutive spokes be y
\ 4 × 90º = y × 40º
4 × 90º
\ y = =9
40º
Hence, the number of spokes in such a wheel is 9.
3. (i) It is in inverse proportion because if there are more children, then it will take
lesser time to complete the project.
(ii) It is not in inverse proportion because in more time the car may cover more distance
with a uniform speed.
(iii) No, it is not in inverse proportion because in more area, more quantity of crops
can be harvested.
(iv) It is in inverse proportion because with increasing population, the land availability
per person will decrease simultaneously.
4. Number of remaining children = 36 – 6 = 30
Let the number of chocolates which each of the 30 students will get, be x
The following table is obtained.
Number of students 36 30
Number of chocolates 5 x
If the number of students is lesser, then each student will get more number of chocolates.
Since this is a case of inverse proportion,
36 × 5 = 30 × x
36 × 5 180º
\ x = = = 6.
30 30º
\ x =6 Hence, each student
will get 6 chocolates.
5. Let the number of days that the food will last if there were 5 more children in the
orphanage be x. The following table is obtained.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 113

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 113 1/17/2022 4:15:37 PM


Number of children 30 30 + 5 = 35
Number of days 7 x
More the number of children lesser will be the number of days for which the food will
last.
Hence, the number of days for which the food will last & the number of children are
inversely proportional to each other.
\ 30 × 7 = 35 × x
30×7 210
\ x = =
35 35
\ x =6
6. Let the number of days required by 3 persons to complete the job be x.
The following table is obtained.
Number of days 3 x
Number of persons 4 3
If the number of persons is more, then it will take lesser time to complete the job.
Hence, the number of days & the number of persons required to complete the job are
inversely proportional to each other.
\ 3×4 =x×3
3×4
\ x = =4
3
\ x =4
Thus, the number of days required to complete the job is 4.
7. Let the number of boxes filled by using 30 bottles in each box, be x.
The following table is obtained.
Number of bottles 12 30
Number of boxes 20 x
More the number of bottles, lesser will be the number of boxes.
Hence, the number of bisleri bottles & the number of boxes required to pack these are
inversely proportional to each other.
\ 12 × 20 = 30 × x
12 × 20
\ x = =8
30
\ x =8
Hence, the number of boxes required to pack these bisleri bottles is 8.
8. Let the number of machines required to produce compack in 50 days be x.
The following table is obtained.
Number of machines 35 x
Number of days 60 50
More the number of machines, lesser will be the number of days that it will take to
produce the given number of compacks. Thus, this is a case of inverse proportion

114 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 114 1/17/2022 4:15:37 PM


\ 35 × 60 = 50 × x
35 × 60 210
\ x = =
50 5
\ x = 42
Hence, the required number of machines to produce the given number of compacks in
50 days is 42.
9. Let the time taken by the bus to reach the destination, while travelling with a speed of
60 km/hr be x hours.
The following table is obtained.
Speed (in km/hr) 40 60
Time taken (in hrs) 3 x
More the speed of the bus, lesser will be the time taken by it to reach the destination.
Hence, the speed of the bus & the time taken by the bus are inversely proportional to
each other
\ 40 × 3 = 60 × x
40 × 3 12
\ x = =
60 6
\ x =2
The time required by the bus to reach the given destination is 2 hours.
10. (i) Let the number of days required by one man to fit all the doors be x.
The following table is obtained.
Number of persons 3 1
Number of days 4 x
Lesser the number of persons, more will be the number of days required to fit all the
doors. Hence, this is a case of inverse proportion.
\ 3×4 =1×x
\ x = 12
Hence, the number of days taken by 1 man to fit all the doors is 12.
(ii) Let the number of persons required to fit all the doors in one day be y.
The following table is formed.
Number of persons 3 y
Number of days 4 1
Lesser the number of days, more will be the number of persons required to fit all the
doors. Hence, this is a case of inverse proportion.
\ 3×4 =y×1
\ y = 12
Hence, 12 persons are required to fit the door in one day.
11. Let the duration of each lectures when there are 8 lectures a day in the college, be x
minutes.
The following table is obtained.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 115

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 115 1/17/2022 4:15:37 PM


Duration of each lecture (in min) 40 x
Number of lectures 7 8
If there is more number of lectures a day in the college, then the duration of each
lecture will be lesser .Hence, this is a case of inverse proportion
\ 40 × 7 = x × 8
40 × 7 280
\ x = = = 35 minutes
8 8
Hence, in this case, the duration of each lecture will be 35 minutes.

Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Given, p = 6q
p 6
Then = = k = constant
q 1
\ p & q vary directly with each other.
2. Given xy = 20
20
x =
y
Hence, x and y vary inversely with each other
Note: Since, in case of y1, y2 are the values of y corresponding to the values x1, x2 of
x, respectively then
x1 y
x1 y1 = x2 y2 or = 2
x2 y1
3. When two quantities p and q are in direct proportion or vary directly, they are written
as x ∝ y.
1
4. x ∝
y
5. If x varies directly as y, then
x
= k (constant)...(1)
y
If x = 13 & y = 52, then
x 13 1 1
= = = k   ⇒ k =
y 52 4 4
When x = 5, then from equn (1),
5 5 1
=k⇒ =
y y 4
⇒ 5×4=y×1
\ y = 20
6.   
xy = k (constant) ...(1)
If  x = 80 & y = 10
\ xy = 80 × 10 = 800 = k
k = 800

116 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 116 1/17/2022 4:15:37 PM


When y = 2, then from eqn (1),
x × 2 = k ⇒ 2x = 800 ...(putting the value of k)
800
⇒ x =
2
⇒ x = 400
7. A bus is travelling in 1 hr = 25 km
25
So, bus travelled in 1 min = km ( 1h = 60 min)
60
25
Similarly, bus travelled in 12 min = × 12
60
5

25
= = 5 km
5
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
p
1. False. Two quantities p & q are said to vary directly with each other, if = k (constant)
q
2. False. Length of a side of a square shape box & its area does not vary directly with each
other
e.g.: Let a be length of each side of a square.
So, area of the square = (side)2 = a2
So, if we increase the length of the side of a square shape box then its area increases
but not directly.
3. True
\ Height of a tree = 25 m
Then, its shadow = 15 m
With the similar conditon, if a pole has a shadow of length = 6 m
Let the height of pole = x m
25 x
Then, =
15 6
⇒ 15 × x = 25 × 6 ...(Q by cross multiplication)
25 ×6 150
⇒ x = =
15 15
⇒ x = 10 [Q height & shadow ratio are same]
4.
False
If x and y are in inverse proportion, then
xy = k (constant)
e.g. let x =3 & y=4
then, xy = 3 × 4 =12
Now, x + 2 = 3 + 2 = 5 & y – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2
\ (x + 2) (y – 2) = 5 × 2 = 10 [not in inverse proportion]
Hence, (x + 2) and (y – 2) cannot be in inverse proportion.
5. False
If b varies inversely as t2, then we can write bt2 = k, where k is some constant.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 117

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 117 1/17/2022 4:15:37 PM


Since two quantities x and y are said to be in inverse proportion, if an increases in x
cause a proportional decreases in y and vice-versa in such a manner that the product of
their corresponding values remains constant.
6. False
If p varies inversely as q, i.e. pq = k (constant)
If p = 5 and q = 8
\ pq = 5 × 8 = 40
But if p = 7 and q = 10
\ pq = 7 × 10 = 70
Here, 40 ≠ 70
Hence, the value of q is not 10.
7. True
For fixed time period (T) and rate of interest (R), the simple interest is directly
proportional to the principal.
P × R ×T
We know that SI =
100
SI R×T
\ = = constant (as R and T are constant)
P 100
\ Simple interest is directly proportinal to the principal.
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (d)
5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (c)

CHAPTER

14 Factorisation

UNIT-1: 14.1 Introduction, 14.1.1 Factors of Natural Numbers, 14.1.2 Factors


of Algebraic Expressions, 14.2 What is Factorisation? 14.2.1 Method of
Common Factors, 14.2.2 Factorisation by Regrouping Terms, Exercise 14.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. 2×5×5 2. 2(x + 2) 3. (5y + 7) (x + 1) 4. 11
5. 3(–3x + 2)
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b)
Sums Based on Exercise 14.1
1. (i) 13x = 13 × x  
(ii) 3x = 3 × x
39 = 3 × 13 33x = 3 × 11 × x × y
Common factor = 13 common factor = 3 × x

118 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 118 1/17/2022 4:15:38 PM


(iii) 14pq = 2 × 7 × p × q (iv) 2m = 2 × m
21p q = 3 × 7 × p × p × q × q 5m2 = 5 × m × m
2 2

common factor = 7 × p × q 4 = 2 × 2 common factor = 1


(v) 8xyz = 2 × 2 × 2 × x × y × z (vi) 12x3 = 2 × 2 × 3 × x × x × x
32x y = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2x × x × y × y
2 2
–3x2 = –1 × 3 × x × x
16x2y = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x × x × y 24x = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × x
common factor = 2 × 2 × 2 × x × y common factor = 3 × x
(vii) 5pq = 5 × p × q (viii) 11x2y3 = 11 × x × x × y × y × y
10qr = 2 × 5 × q × r 10x3y2 = 2 × 5 × x × x × x × y × y
15rp = 3 × 5 × r × p 22x2y2z = 2 × 11 × x × x × y × y × z
common factor = 5 common factor = x × x × y × y = x2y2
2. (i)
= 7 × x – 7 × 8 = 7 × (x – 8)
(ii)
= 6 × p – 6 × 6 × q = 6 × (p – 6q)
(iii)
= 5 × q × q + 2 × 5 × q = 5 × q (q + 2) = 5q(q + 2)
(iv)
= (–1) × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × z + 2 × 5 × z × z × z
= 2 × z (–1 × 2 × 2 × 2 + 5 × z × z) = 2z(– 8 + 5z2)
(v) = 2 × 3 × l × l × m + 2 × 3 × 5 × a × l × m
= 2 × 3 × l × m × (l + 5a) = 6lm (l + 5a)
(vi) = 13 × s × s × r – 3 × 13 × s × r × r = 13 × s × r × (s – 3r) = 13sr(s – 3r)
(vii) = 2 × 3 × 5 × a × a – 3 × 5 × b × b + 2 × 3 × c × c
= 3 × (2 × 5 × a × a – 5 × b × b + 2 × c × c) = 3(10a2 – 5b2 + 2c2)
(viii) = x × m × m × n + y × m × m × n + z × m × m × p
= m × m (x × n + y × n + z × p)= m2 (xn + yn + zp)
3. (i) = x × x + x × t + 8 × x + 8 × t (ii) = 2 × 6 × x × y – 6 × x + 2 × 2 × y – 2
= x × (x + t) + 8 × (x + t) = 6 × x × (2y – 1) + 2 × (2y – 1)
= (x + 8) (x + t) = 6x (2y – 1) + 2 × (2y – 1)
= (6x + 2) (2y – 1)
(iii) f × m + g × m – f × t – g × t (iv) = 5 × 7 × p × q + 5 × 7 × 7 ×
m × (f + g) – t × (f + g) q+5×7+5×p
= (m – t) (f + g) = 5 × 7 × q (p + 7) + 5 × (7 + p)
= 35q (p + 7) + 5 × (7 + p)
= (35q + 5) (7 + p)

UNIT-2: 14.2.3 Factorisation Using Identities, 14.2.4 Factors of the form (x + a)


(x + b), Exercise 14.2

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. a2 – 2ab + b2 2. a2 + 2ab + b2 3. a2 – b2 4. 17ab(c – 2b)
5. m2 + 2m + 1 6. x2 – 10x + 25 7. (5x + 7y)

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 119

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 119 1/17/2022 4:15:38 PM


B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c)

Sums Based on Exercise 14.2


1. (i) = a2 + 7a + 3a + 21 (ii) = l2 – 4l – 3l + 12
= a(a + 7) + 3(a + 7) = l(l – 4) – 3(l – 4)
= (a + 3) (a + 7) = (l – 3) (l – 4)
(iii) = 25w2 + 10w + 10w + 4 (iv) = 49y2 + 21yz + 21yz + 9z2
= 5w(5w + 2) + 2(5w + 2) = 7y(7y + 3z) + 3z(7y + 3z)
= (5w + 2) (5w + 2) = (7y + 3z) (7y + 3z)
= (5w + 2)2 = (7y + 3z)2
(v) = 11x2 – 11x – 11x + 11 (vi) = 121b2 – 44bt – 44bt + 16t2
= 11x(x – 1) – 11(x – 1) = 11b(11b – 4t) – 4t(11b – 4t)
= (11x – 11) (x – 1) = (11b – 4t) (11b – 4t)
= 11(x – 1) (x – 1) = (11b – 4t)2
= 11(x – 1)2
(vii) = p2 + 2pq+q2 – 4pq (viii) = c4 + c2d2 + c2d2 + d4
= p2 – 2pq + q2 = c2(c2 + d2) + d2(c2 + d2)
= p2 – pq – pq + q2 = (c2 + d2) (c2 + d2)
= p(p – q) – q(p – q) =(c2 + d2)2
= (p – q) (p – q) = (p – q)2
2. (i)   = (3p)2 – (2q)2 (ii)   = 16 × 7b2 – 9 × 7a2
= (3p + 2q) (3p – 2q) = 7(16b2 – 9a2) = 7[(4b)2 – (3a)2]
= 7(4b + 3a) (4b – 3a)
(iii) = (6x)2 – (7)2 (iv) = x3(121x2 – 225)
= (6x + 7) (6x – 7) = x3[(11x)2 – (15)2]
= x3(11x + 15) (11x – 15)
(v) = s2 + 2sr + r2 – (s2 – 2sr + r2) (vi) = (9xy)2 – (4)2
= s + 2sr + r – s + 2sr – r = 4sr = (9xy + 4) (9xy – 4)
2 2 2 2

(vii) = (t – p)2 – (z)2 (viii) = (9a)2 – (2b)2 + 12c (2b + 9a)


= (t – p + z) (t – p – z) = (9a – 2b) (9a + 2b) + 12c
 (9a + 2b)
= (9a + 2b) (9a – 2b + 12c)
3. (i) =a×y×y+b×y (ii) = 7 × p × p + 5 × 7 × q × q
= y × (ay + b) = 7 × (p × p + 5 × q × q)
= y(ay + b) = 7(p2 + 5q2)

120 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 120 1/17/2022 4:15:38 PM


(iii) = 23 × x × x × x + 23 × x × y (iv) = f × h × h + g × h × h + g × k
× y +× k + 23 × x × z × z f×k×k
= 23 × x(x × x + y × y + z × z) = h × h (f + g) + k × k (g + f)
= 23x(x2 + y2 + z2) = h2(f + g) + k2(f + g)
= (h2 + k2) (f + g)
(v) = su + s + u + 1 (vi) = (g + g) (g + k)
= s(u + 1) + 1(u + 1) = 2g (g + k)
= (s + 1) (u + 1)
(vii) = 6b(b – 4) – 5z(b – 4) (viii) = 4a(5b + 2) + 1(5b + 2)
= (6b – 5z) (b – 4) = (4a + 1) (5b + 2)
4. (i) = (k2)2 – (u2)2 (ii) = (p2)2 – (16)2
= (k2 + u2) (k2 – u2) = (p2 + 16) (p2 – 16)
= (k2 + u2) [(k)2 – (u)2] = (p2 + 16) [(p)2 – (4)2]
= (k2 + u2) (k + u) (k – u) = (p2 + 16) (p + 4) (p – 4)
(iii) = (m2)2 – [(s + l)2]2 (iv) = (x2)2 – ((p – q)2)2
= (m + (s + l) ) (m – (s + l) ) = (x2 + (p –q)2) (x2 – (p – q)2)
2 2 2 2

= (m2 + (s + l)2) [(m)2 – (s + l)2] = (x2 + (p – q)2) [(x)2 – (p – q)2]


= (m2 + (s + l)2) (m + s + l) (m – s – l) = [x2 + (p – q)2]
  [(x + p – q) (x – p +q)]
5. (i) = q2 + 2q + 5q + 10 (ii) = q2 – 8q – 5q + 40 (iii) = k2 + 5k +7k + 35
= q(q + 2) + 5(q + 2) = q(q – 8) – 5(q – 8) = k(k + 5) + 7(k + 5)
= (q + 5) (q + 2) = (q – 5) (q – 8) = (k + 7) (k + 5)

UNIT-3: 14.3 Division Algebraic Expressions, 14.3.1 Division of a monomial


of
by another monomial , 14.3.2 D ivision of a polynomial by monomial ,
14.4 D ivision of A lgebraic E xpressions C ontinued , (P olynomial ÷
Polynomial), Exercise 14.3

A. Fill in the blanks.


1
1. 2x2 – 3y2 2. –49 3. 10x 4. 5. x2 + 3x + 9
2xyz
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b)

Sums Based on Exercise 14.3


1. (i) 32x4 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x × x × x × x
64x = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x
32x4
\ 32x4 ÷ 64x =
64x

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 121

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 121 1/17/2022 4:15:38 PM


2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x × x × x × x x × x × x x3
= = =
2×2×2×2×2×2×x 2–7 2
–49y 3
–7 × 7 × y × y × y
(ii) –49y3 ÷ 7y2 = = = –7y
7y2 7×y×y
66pm2r3
(iii) 66pm2r3 ÷ 33mr2 =
33mr2
2 × 3 × 11 × p × m × m × r × r × r
      = = 2pmr
3 × 11 × m × r × r
51x3y3z3
(iv) 51x3y3z3 ÷ 68xy2z3 =
68xy2z3
3 × 17 × x × x × x × y × y × y × z × z × z 3x2y
      = =
2 × 2 × 17 × x × y × y × z × z × z 4
2. (i) Dividend = 5x – 2x = x(5x – 2)
2

x(5x – 2) 5x – 2
\ (5x2 – 2x) ÷ 3x = =
3x 3
(ii) Dividend = 5y8 – 6y6 + 7y4 = y4(5y4 – 6y2 + 7)
y4(5y4 – 6y2 + 7)
\ (5y8 – 6y6 + 7y4) ÷ y4 = = 5y4 – 6y2 + 7
y4
(iii) Dividend = 12(k3l2m2 + k2l3m2 + k2l2m3) = 3 × 4 × k2l2m2(k + l + m)
3 × 4 × k2l2m2 (k + l + m)
\ 12(k3l2m2 + k2l3m2 + k2l2m3) ÷ 3k2l2m2 =
3k2l2m2
= 4(k + l + m)
(iv) Dividend = y3 + 2y2 + 4y = y(y2 + 2y + 4)
y(y2 + 2y + 4) y2 + 2y + 4
\ (y3 + 2y2 + 4y) ÷ 2y = =
2y 2
(v) Dividend = (p q – p7q9) = p4q5 (1 – p3q4)
4 5

p4q5(1 – p3q4)
\ (p4q5 – p7q9) ÷ p3q4 =
p3q4
= pq(1 – p3q4)
3. (i) Dividend = (14y – 35) = 7(2y – 5)
7(2y – 5)
\ (14y – 35) ÷ 7 = = (2y – 5)
7
(ii) Divisor = 2x – 6 = 2(x – 3)
(x – 3) 1
\ (x – 3) ÷ (2x – 6) = =
2(x – 3) 2
(iii) Dividend = 26m (10m + 35)
= 2 × 13m × 5 × (2m + 7)
= 10 × 13 × m(2m + 7)
10 × 13m (2m + 7)
\ 26m(10m + 35) ÷ 13(2m + 7) = = 10 m
13 (2m + 7)

122 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 122 1/17/2022 4:15:38 PM


(iv) Dividend = 33x2y2 (7z – 56)
= 3 × 11 × x × x × y × y × 7 × (z – 8)
\ 33x2y2(7z – 56) ÷ 66xy(z – 8)
3 × 11 × x × x × y × y × 7 × (z – 8) 7xy
= =
3 × 2 × 11 × x × y × (z – 8) 2
(v) Dividend = 96lkm (3k – 12) (5l – 30)
= 4 × 4 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × klm (k – 4) (l – 6)
divider = 4 × 4 × 3 × 3 × (k – 4) (l – 6)
\ 96klm (3k – 12) (5l – 30) ÷ 144(k – 4) (l –6)
4 × 4 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × k × l × m × (k – 4) (1 – 6)
= = 10 klm
4 × 4 × 3 × 3 × (k – 4) (l – 6)
5(23x + 1) (9x + 5)
4. (i) 5(23x + 1) (9x + 5) ÷ (23x + 1) = = 5(9x + 5)
(23x 4+ 1)
52xy (x + 5) (m – 11)
(ii) 52xy(x + 5) (m – 11) ÷ 13x(m – 11) = = 4y(x + 5)
13x(m – 11)
(iii) 29uvr(u + v) (v + r) (r + u) ÷ 58uv(v + r) (r + u)
29uvr(u + v) (v + r) (r + u) r(u + v)
 = =
2 58uv(v + r) (r + u) 2
4
20(w + 51) (y2 + 5y + 3)
(iv) 20(w + 51) (y2 + 5y + 3) ÷ 5(w + 51) =
5(w + 51)
= 4(y + 5y + 3) 2

t(t + 1) (t + 2) (t + 3)
(v) t(t + 1) (t + 2) (t + 3) ÷ t(t + 2)= = (t + 1) (t + 3)
t(t + 2)
5. (i) Dividend = (x2 – 7x + 12)
= x2 – 4x – 3x + 12
= x(x – 4) – 3(x – 4)
= (x – 3) (x – 4)
(x – 3) (x – 4)
\ (x2 – 7x + 12) ÷ (x – 4) = = (x – 3)
(x – 4)
(ii) Dividend = (s2 – 14s – 32)
= s2 – 16s + 2s – 32
= s(s – 16) + 2(s – 16)
= (s + 2) (s – 16)
(s + 2) (s – 16)
\ (s2 – 14s – 32) ÷ (s + 2) = = (s – 16)
(s + 2)
(iii) Dividend = (p2 + 5p – 6)
= p2 – p + 6p – 6
= p(p – 1) + 6(p – 1)
= (p + 6) (p – 1)
(p + 6) (p – 1)
\ (p2 + 5p – 6) ÷ (p – 1) = =p+6
(p – 1)

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 123

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 123 1/17/2022 4:15:39 PM


(iv) Dividend = 4yz (z2 – 4z – 117)
= 4yz (z2 – 13z + 9z – 117)
= 4yz [z(z – 13) + 9(z – 13)]
= 4yz [(z + 9) (z – 13)]
2
4yz(z + 9) (z – 13)
\ 4yz(z2 – 4z – 117) ÷ 2z(z – 13) =

2z(z – 13)
= 2y (z + 9)
(v) Dividend = 5ab(a2 – b2)
= 5ab [(a)2 – (b)2]
= 5ab [(a + b) (a – b)]
5ab(a + b) (a – b) 5b
\ 5ab(a2 – b2) ÷ 2a(a + b) = = (a – b)
2a(a + b) 2
(vi) Dividend = 18cd (9c2 – 16d2)
= 18cd [(3c)2 – (4d)2]
= 18cd [(3c + 4d) (3c – 4d)]
= 18cd (3c + 4d) (3c – 4d)
2
18cd (3c + 4d) (3c – 4d)
\ 18cd(9c – 16d ) ÷ 9cd(3c + 4d) =
2 2
= 2(3c – 4d)
9cd(3c + 4d)

UNIT-4: 14.5 Can you find the error?, Exercise 14.4

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. x2 – 10x + 25 2. a2 + 2ab + b2 3. (m – n) (m + n)
4. –4x2y2 5. 7xy
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d)

Sums Based on Exercise 14.4


1. LHS = 6(x – 5) = 6x – 30 ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is 6(x – 5) = 6x – 30.
2. LHS = y(4x + 9) = 4xy + 9y ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is y(4x + 9) = 4xy + 9y.
3. LHS = 5m + 10y ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is 5m + 10y = 5m + 10y.
4. LHS = l + 2l + 3l = 6l ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is l + 2l + 3l = 6l.
5. LHS = 5t + 3t + 4t – 10t = 12t – 10t = 2t ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is 5t + 3t + 4t – 10t = 2t.

124 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 124 1/17/2022 4:15:39 PM


LHS = 6x + 5x = 11x ≠ RHS
6.
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is 6x + 5x = 11x.
7. LHS = (3x)2 + 3(9x) + 7 = 9x2 + 27x + 7 ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is (3x)2 + 3(9x) + 7 = 9x2 + 27x + 7.
8. LHS = (7x)2 + 30 = 49x2 + 30x ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is (7x)2 + 30x = 49x2 + 30x
9. LHS = (6x + 1)2 = (6x)2 + 2(6x) (1) + (1)2 = 36x2 + 12x + 1 ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is (6x + 1)2 = 36x2 + 12x + 1
10. (a) LHS = x2 + 5x + 6
Putting x = –2 in given expression,
= (–2)2 + 5(–2) + 6
= 4 – 10 + 6 = 0 ≠ RHS
Hence, x2 + 5x + 4 gives (–2)2 + 5(–2) + 6 = 4 – 10 + 6 = 0.
(b) LHS = x2 + 5x + 6
Putting x = –2 in given expression,
= (–2)2 – 5(–2) + 6
= 4 + 10 + 6 = 20
= 20 ≠ RHS
Hence, x2 – 5x + 6 gives (–2)2 – 5(–2) + 6 = 4 + 10 + 6 = 20.
(c) LHS = x2 – 5x
Putting x = –2 in given expression,
= (–2)2 – 5(–2)
= 4 + 10 = 14 ≠ RHS
Hence, x2 – 5x gives (–2)2 – 5(–2) = 4 + 10 = 14.
11. LHS = (c – 3)2 = (c)2 – 2(c) (3) + (3)2 = c2 – 6c + 9 ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is (c – 3)2 = c2 – 6c + 9.
12. LHS = (z + 8)2 = (z)2 + 2(z) (8) + (8)2 = z2 + 16z + 64 ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is (z + 8)2 = z2 + 16z + 64.
13. LHS = (4a + 5b) (a – b)
= 4a × a – 4a × b + 5b × a – 5b × b
= 4a2 – 4ab + 5ab – 5b2
= 4a2 + ab – 5b2 ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is (4a + 5b) (a – b) = 4a2 + ab – 5b2.
14. LHS = (p + 11) (p + 2)
= p × p + p × 2 + 11 × p + 11 × 2
= p2 + 2p + 11p + 22
= p2 + 13p + 22 ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is (p + 11) (p + 2) = p2 + 13p + 22.
15. LHS = (q – 11) (q + 2)
= q × q + q × (2) – 11 × q – 11 × (2)
= q2 + 2q – 11q – 22
= q2 – 9q – 22 ≠ RHS
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is (q – 11) (q + 2) = q2 – 9q – 22.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 125

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 125 1/17/2022 4:15:39 PM


2y2 2 × y × y
16. LHS = = = 1 × 1 × 1 = 1 ≠ RHS
2y2 2 × y × y
2y2
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is 2 = 1.
2y
6x2 + 1 6x2 1 1
17. LHS = = 2 + 2 = 1 + 2 ≠ RHS
6x2 6x 6x 6x
6x2 + 1 1
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is =1 + 2.
6x2 6x
5x
18. LHS = ≠ RHS
5x + 2
5x 5x
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is = .
5x + 2 5x + 2
3
19. LHS = ≠ RHS
2x + 3
3 3
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is = .
2x + 3 2x + 3
x+6 x 6 6
20. LHS = = + = 1+ ≠ RHS
x x x x
x+6 6
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is = 1+ .
x x
7x + 25 7x
21. LHS = = + 1 ≠ RHS
25 25
7x + 25 7x
Hence, the correct mathematical statement is = + 1.
25 25

Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. (a – b) 2. 2mn(9 + 5p) 3. 2xz 4. x + 1
5. a2 + b2 6. (x + 2) (x – 2) 7. (2y – 3) (2y – 3)
B.
State whether the following statements are True or False.
1.
False
We have (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab
2. False
We have p2 + 30p + 216 = p2 + (12 + 18) p + 216
= p2 + 12p + 18p + 216
= p(p + 12) + 18(p + 12)
= (p + 18) (p + 12)
3. False
9x – 51 9x 51 51
We have (9x – 51) ÷ 9 = = – =x–
9 9 9 9
4. True
–7a2b2c2 – 5a2b2c2 = (–7 – 5)a2b2c2 = –12a2b2c2
5. False
We have –3a2 + 3ab + 3ac = 3a(–a + b + c)

126 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 126 1/17/2022 4:15:39 PM


6.
True
As we have 12a2b2 + 4ab2 – 32
= 2 × 2 × 3 × a × a × b × b + 2 × 2 × a × b × b – 22 × 23
= 4(3a2b2 + ab2 – 8)
Thus, the common factor is 4.
7. True
We know that (a + b) (a – b) = a × a – a × b + b × a – b × b
= a2 – ab + ba – b2
= a2 – b2
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b)
5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (c)

CHAPTER

15 Introduction to Graphs

UNIT-1: 15.1 Introduction, 15.1.1 A Bar Graph, 15.1.2 A Pie Graph (or A Circle-
Graph), 15.1.3 A Histogram, 15.1.4 A Line Graph, Exercise 15.1

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. visual 2. bar graph 3. pie-graph
4. histogram 5. line graph.
B. State whether the following statement is True or False.
1. True

Sums Based on Exercise 15.1

1. (a) Patient’s temperature at 10 a.m. was 36°C


(b) Patient’s temperature at 8 a.m. was 35°C
(c) Patient’s temperature was same, i.e., 38°C at 11 a.m. and 12 p.m.
(d) Patient’s temperature at 11:30 am/, was 38°C (as the temperature was constatnt
from 11 a.m. to 12 p.m.)
(e) Patient’s temperature showed an upward trend from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m. and then
again from 10 a.m. to 11 a.m.
2. (a) (i) Sales in 2012 were ` 3 crore
(ii) Sales in 2015 were ` 11 crore
(b) Difference between the sales in 2011 and 2015 = ` 11 crore – ` 6 crore =
` 5 crore
(c) In the year 2013, the difference between the sales as compared to its previous year
is the greatest i.e., sales in the year 2013 – 2012 = ` 7 crore
3. (a) Height of plant P after (i) 2 weeks was 2 cm (ii) 3 weeks was 3 cm
(b) Height of plant Q after (i) 2 weeks was 3 cm (ii) 3 weeks was 3.5 cm

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 127

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 127 1/17/2022 4:15:39 PM


(c) Growth of plant P during the 3rd week = 3 cm – 2 cm = 1 cm
(d) Growth of plant Q from the end of the 2nd week to the end of the 3rd week = 3.5
cm – 3 cm = 0.5 cm
(e) Plant P grew most during the 1st week = 1.5 cm
(f) Plant Q grew most during the 2nd week = 3 cm – 1 cm = 2 cm
4. (a) Forecast temperature was same as the actual temperature on Monday, i.e., 15°C,
on Thursday, i.e., 25°C and on Sunday, i.e., 25°C
(b) Maximum actual temperature during the week was 40°C
(c) Minimum forecast temperature during the week was 15°C
(d) The difference between the actual temperature and the forecast temperature was
the most on Friday, i.e., about 10°C
5. (a) The number of days the hill side city received snow in different years

10
9
8
7
Number of days

6
5
4
3
2
1

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012


Years

(b) Population (in thousand) of men and women in a village in different years
Number of Men

16 Number of Women
15
14
Population (in ’000)

13
12
11
10
9
8

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


Years

128 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 128 1/17/2022 4:15:39 PM


6. (a) The person took 4 hours for the travel, i.e., starting from 10 a.m. to 2p.m.
(b) The merchant’s place from the town is at a distance of 30 km.
(c) As can be seen from the graph, the distance travelled between 12:00 p.m. to 1:00
p.m. is NIL, hence during that time, the person stopped.
(d) The person rode the fastest beween 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. when he covered a distance
of about 12.5 km in an hour.
UNIT-2: 15.2 Linear Graphs, 15.2.1 Location of a Point, 15.2.2 Coordinates,
Exercise 15.2

A. Fill in the blanks.


1. linear graph 2. x-coordinate and y-coordinate 3. H
4. K 5. Z 6. (2, 0) 7. (5, 5)
8. (0, 3) 9. (4, 0)
Sums Based on Exercise 15.2

1. (a) Y (b) Y

)
)

)
,4

,4
,4

,4
5 5

(2

(3
(1

(4
Q

R
P

S
4 C (3,4) 4
3 B (3,3) 3
2 D (3,2) 2
1 1
A (3,0)
X X
O 1 2 3 4 O 1 2 3 4

All the four points lie on a line All the four points lie on a line
(c) Y

5
4
3 D (2,3) C (4,3)
2
1 A (2,1) B (4,1)
X
O 1 2 3 4 5
All the four points do not lie on a straight line
2. Y

4 W (0,4)
3 (1,3)
2
1 (3,1)
V (4,0)
X
0 1 2 3 4
The line passing through (1, 3) and (3, 1) meets the line x-axis at V (4, 0) and the
y-axis at W (0, 4)

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 129

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 129 1/17/2022 4:15:40 PM


3. (i) For square OABC → 0 = (0, 0), A = (2, 0), B Y
  = (2, 2), C = (0, 2)
Z
(ii) For traingle PQR → P = (4, 5), Q = (3, 3), R = (5, 3) 7
(iii) For parallelogram WXYZ → W = (6, 4), X = (7, 2), Y 6
P Y
= (7, 5), Z = (6, 7) 5
4 W
3
C B Q R
2
X
1
A
O
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

UNIT-3: 15.3 Some Applications, Exercise 15.3

A. Fill in the blanks. Scale:


100 (2.5,100)
1. graph Horizontal: 1 unit = 1 hour
90
Distance Covered (in km)

2. (i) 1.5 Verical: 1 unit = 10 km


80 (2,80)
(ii) 100 70
60 (1.5,60)
50
40 (1,40)
30
20
10

0 1 2 3
Time (in hours)

Sums Based on Exercise 15.3

1. (a) Scale:
Horizontal: 1 unit = 1 banana
Vertical: 1 unit = 3 rupees
Y

15
12
9
Rs)
Cost (in `)

6
3

X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of bananas

130 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 130 1/17/2022 4:15:40 PM


(b) Y
Scale:
Horizontal: 1 unit = 1 hour
140 Vertical: 1 unit = 35 km

Distance (in km)


105
(6.30, 87.5)
70

35

X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (in hours, in a.m.)

(i) The distance covered by the bike during the period 6.30 a.m. to 7 a.m. (or in
half hour) = 17.5 km.
(ii) The time when the bike had covered a distance 87.5 kms since its start =
6.30 a.m.
(c) (i) Yes, the graph passes through the Scale:
Y Horizontal: 1 unit = 2000 rupees
origin. Vertical: 1 unit = 70 rupees
(ii) The interest on ` 5000 for a year
350
= 175 rupees.
(iii) 7000 rupees should be deposited
Simple Interest (in Rs.)
280 (8000,280)
`)

to get an interest of ` 245 per year. (7000,245)


210
(5000,175)
140

70

X
0
2000

4000
5000
6000

8000

Deposit (in `) 10000

2. (i) Y
Scale:
Horizontal: 1 unit = 1 cm
15
Vertical: 1 unit = 3 cm
Perimeter (in cm)

12

X
1 2 3
3.5

4 5 6 7
Side of triangle (in cm)
Yes, the graph is linear.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 131

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 131 1/17/2022 4:15:40 PM


(ii)


No, the graph is not linear.

CHAPTER

16 Playing with Numbers

UNIT-1: 1 6 . 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n , 1 6 . 2  N u m b e r s i n G e n e r a l F o r m ,
16.3 Games with Numbers, 16.4 Letters for Digits, Exercise 16.1

Sums Based on Exercise 16.1


1.
The addition of A and 5 is giving 4, i.e., a number whose ones digit is 4. This is pos-
sible only when digit A is 9. In that case, the addition of A (9) and 5 will give 14 and
thus, 1 will be the carry for the next step. In the next step, 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
Therefore, the addition is as follows:
2 9
+35
64
Clearly, B is 6.
Hence, A and B are 9 and 6 respectively.
2.
The addition of A and 7 is giving 4, i.e., a number whose ones digit is 4. This is possi-
ble only when digit A is 7. In that case, the addition of A and 7 will give 14 and thus,
1 will be the carry for the next step. In the next step, 1 + 5 + 9 = 15
Therefore, the addition is as follows:
5 7
+97
15 4
Clearly, B and C are 5 and 1 respectively.
Hence, A, B and C are 7, 5 and 1 respectively.

132 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 132 1/17/2022 4:15:41 PM


3.
The multiplication of A with A itself gives a number whose ones digit is A again. This
happen only when A = 1, 5 or 6.
If A = 1, then the multiplication will be 11 × 1 = 11, However, here the tens digit is
given as 7. Therefore, A = 1 is not possible. Similarly, if A = 5, then the multiplica-
tion will be 15 × 5 = 75.
Thus, A should be 5. If A = 6, then the multiplication will be 16 × 6 = 96 ≠ 76.
Therefore, A = 6 is not possible.
The multiplication is as follows:
1 5
×5
75
Hence, the value of A is 5.
4.The addition of A and 4 is giving 7. There can be two cases.
(1) First step is not producing a carry.
In that case, A comes to be 3 as 3 + 4 = 7. Considering the first step in which the ad-
dition of B and 8 is giving A (i. e., 3), B should be a number such that the units digit of
this addition comes to be 3. It is possible only when B = 5. In this case, A = 5 + 8 =
13. However, A is a single digit number. Hence, it is not possible.
(2) First step is producing a carry.
In that case, A comes to be 2 as 1 + 2 + 4 = 7.
Considering the first step in which the addition of B and 8 is giving A (i.e., 2), B
should be a number such that the units digit of this addition comes to be 2. It is pos-
sible only when B = 4 and 4 + 8 = 12.
2 4
+48
72
Hence, the values of A and B are 2 and 4 respectively.
5. The multiplication of 7 and B gives a number whose ones digit is B again.
Hence, B must be 0 or 5.
Let B be 5.
Multiplication of first step = 7 × 5 = 35.
3 will be a carry for the next step.
We have 7 × A + 3 = CA
This is not possible for any value of A.
Hence, B must be 0 only. If B = 0, then there will be no carry for the next step.
We should obtain 7 × A = CA
That is, the one’s digit of 7 × A should be A.
This is possible when A = 5 or 0.
However, A can not be 0 as AB is a two-digit number.
Therefore, A must be 5 only., The multiplication is as follows:
5 0
×7
350
Hence, the values of A, B and C are 5, 0 and 3 respectively.

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 133

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 133 1/17/2022 4:15:41 PM


6. The multiplication of 9 and B gives a number whose ones digit is B again.
Hence, B must be 0 or 5.
Let B be 5.
Multiplication of first step = 9 × 5 = 45.
4 will be a carry for the next step.
We have 9 × A + 4 = CA
This is possible if A = 4 or A = 9.
If A = 4, then multiplication is as follows:
4 5
×9
405
But in given question, A B
×9
CAB
Here, 4 ≠ 0
So, A = 4 is not possible.
If A = 9, then multiplication is as follows:
9 5
×9
855
But in given question, A B
×9
CAB
Here 9 ≠ 5
So, A = 9 is not possible.
Hence, B must be 0 only.
If B = 0, then there will be no carry for the next step.
We should obtain 9 × A = CA
That is, the one’s digit of 9 × A should be A.
This is possible when A = 5 or 0.
However, A cannot be 0 as AB is a two-digit number.
Therefore, A must be 5 only.
The multiplication is as follows:
5 0
×9
450
Hence, the values of A, B and C are 5, 0 and 4 respectively.
7. The multiplication of 6 and B gives a number whose one’s digit is B again.
It is possible only when B = 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
If B = 0, then the product will be 0. Therefore, this value of B is not possible.
If B = 2, then B × 6 = 12 and 1 will be a carry for the next step.
6A + 1 = BB =22 ⇒ 6A = 21 and hence, any integer value of A is not possible.
If B = 4, then B × 6 = 24 and 2 will be a carry for the next step.

134 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 134 1/17/2022 4:15:41 PM


6A + 2 = BB = 44 ⇒ 6A = 42 and hence, A = 7
The multiplication is as follows:
7 4
×6
444
Hence, the values of A and B are 7 and 4 respectively.
If B = 6, then B × 6 = 36 and 3 will be a carry for the next step.
6A + 3 = BB = 66 ⇒ 6A = 63 and hence, any integer value of A is not possible.
If B = 8, then B × 6 = 48 and 4 will be a carry for the next step.
6A + 4 = BB = 88 ⇒ 6A = 84 and hence, A = 14.
However, A is a single digit number. Therefore, this value of A is not possible.
Hence, the value of A and B are 7 and 4 respectively.
8.
The addition of 5 and B is giving 0 i.e., a number whose ones digit is 0. This is possible
only when digit B is 5. In that case, the addition of 5 and B will give 10 and thus, 1 will
be the carry for the next step. In the next step,
1 + A + 3 = B
Clearly, A is 1 as 1 + 1 + 3 = 5 =B
Therefore, the addition is as follows:
1 5
+35
50
Hence, the values of A and B are 1 and 5 respectively.
9. The addition of B and 3 is giving 9, i.e., a number whose ones digit is 9.
This is possible only when digit B is 6.
In the next step.
A + B = 9
Clearly, A is 3.
In the next step, 3 + A = B or 3 + 3 = 6.
Therefore, the addition is as follows:
3 3 6
+363
699
Hence, the values of A and B are 3 and 6 respectively.
10. The addition of A and B is giving 9, i.e., a number whose ones digit is 9. The sum
can be 9 only as the sum of two single digit numbers cannot be 19. Therefore, there
will not be any carry in this step.
In the next step, 3 + A = 8
It is possible only, when A = 5
In the next step, 2 + 3 = A = 5
Clearly, A is 5.
We know that the addition of A and B is giving 9. As A is 5, therefore, B is 4.
Therefore, the addition is as follows:

ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key) 135

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 135 1/17/2022 4:15:41 PM


2 3 5
+354
589
Hence, the values of A and B are 5 and 4 respectively.

UNIT-2: 16.5 Tests of Divisibility, 16.5.1 Divisibility by 10,


16.5.2 Divisibility by 5, 16.5.3 Divisibility by 2, 16.5.4 Divisibility by
9 and 3, Exercise 16.2

A. Fill in the blanks:


1. 10 2. 5 3. 2 4. 9 5. 3
6. 3 or 8 7. 1 or 6 8. 4 or 9
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. False
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b)
5. (a) 6. (c)
Sums Based on Exercise 16.2
1.
Here, 3y 46 is a multiple of 9. So, 3y 46 is divisible by 9. So, the addition 3 + y + 4
+6 = y + 13 is divisible by 9.
∴ y + 13 = 18 ( y ≥ 0 and y is a single digit number.) ∴ y = 5.
2. Here, z 243 is a multiple of 9.
∴ z 243 is divisible by 9.
∴ The addition z + 2 + 4 + 3 = z + 9 is divisible by 9.
∴ z + 9 = 9 and z + 9 = 18 ( z ≥ 0 and z is a single digit number.)
∴ z = 0 and z = 9
Here, there are two answers of z.
The addition of given number is z + 9. Now, sum of two single digit numbers is less
than or equal to 18. So, there are only two possibilities for value of z + 9, one is 9
and another one is 18. Therefore, there are two answers of z.
3.
Since 48x is a multiple of 3, its sum of digits 4 + 8 + x i.e. x + 12 is a multiple of 3.
So, x + 12 is one of these numbers: 12, 15, 18, 21,......
But since x is a single digit number, it can only be that x + 12 = 12 or 15 or 18 or 21.
Therefore, x = 0 or 3 or 6 or 9.
4. Here, z 801 is a multiple of 3.
∴ z 801 is divisible by 3.
∴ The addition z + 8 + 0 + 1 = z + 9 is divisible by 3.
∴ z + 9 = 9 or z + 9 = 12 or z + 9 = 15 or z + 9 = 18
( z ≥ 0 and z is a single digit number.)
∴ z = 0 or z = 3 or z = 6 or z = 9.

136 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)

HF_TKA_Math_G8_AnsKey_II.indd 136 1/17/2022 4:15:41 PM

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy