Maths
Maths
Mathematics
Workbook
Answer Key
8
HOLY FAITH INTERNATIONAL (P) LTD.
3. Understanding Quadrilaterals 22
4. Practical Geometry 32
5. Data Handling 40
8. Comparing Quantities 64
11. Mensuration 92
1 Rational Numbers
UNIT-1:
1.1 Introduction, 1.2 Properties of Rational Numbers, 1.2.1 Closure,
1.2.2 Commutativity, 1.2.3 Associativity, 1.2.4 The Role of Zero (O),
1.2.5 The Role of 1, 1.2.6 Negative of a Number, 1.2.7 Reciprocal,
1.2.8 Distributivity of Multiplication Over Addition for Rational Numbers,
Exercise 1.1
–2 3 5 3 1 –2 3 3 1 5
1. (i) × + – × = × – × +
3 5 2 5 6 3 5 5 6 2
(Using commutativity of rational numbers)
–3 2 1 5
= × + + (Distributivity)
5 3 6 2
–3 2 × 2 + 1 5 – 3 5 5
= × + = × +
5 6 2 5 6 2
–3 5 – 3 + 5 × 3 – 3 + 15 12
= + = + = = 2
6 2 6 6 6
2 – 3 1 3 1 2 2 –3 1 2 1 3
(ii) × – × + × = × + × – × By commutativity)
5 7 6 2 14 5 5 7 14 5 6 2
2 3 1 1 2 – 3 × 2 + 1 1 2 – 5 1
= × – + – = × – = × –
5 7 14 4 5 14 4 5 14 4
1 1 –4–7 – 11
=– – = =
7 4 28 28
–4 –2
2. (i) Additive inverse = (ii) Additive inverse =
8 5
6 20
(iii) Additive inverse = (iv) Additive inverse =
9 6
5
1. (i) can be represented on the number line as follows
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
0 1 2
4
(ii) – can be represented on the number line as follows
6
−4
6
−2 −1 0
–2 –5 –9
2. , , can be represented on the number line as follows.
11 11 11
–9 –5 –2
11 11 11
–11 0
11
21
3. 3 can be represented as
7
Therefore, five rational numbers smaller than 3 are
20 19 18 17 16
, , , , .
7 7 7 7 7
–2 1 –8 10
4. and can be represented as and respectively.
5 2 20 20
–2 1 –7 6 5 4 3
Therefore, five rational numbers between and are , , , , .
5 2 20 20 20 20 20
1 1 8 16
5. and can be represented as and
4 2 32 32
1 1 9 10 11 12 13
∴ Five rational numbers between and are, , , , ,
4 2 32 32 32 32 32
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
3
1.
no 2. 1 and –1 3. infinite 4. positive 5.
4
B.
State whether the following statements are True or False.
1.
False
p
If is a rational number then, p can be equal to any integer i.e p can be zero.
q
2. True 3. True 4. False
x c x c
If is the additive inverse of , then + = 0.
y d y d
5. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d)
CHAPTER
1. x – 3 = 6 4 17
2. +x=
Transposing 3 to R.H.S., we obtain 7 7
Transposing 4 to R.H.S., we obtain
x = 6 + 3 = 9 7
17 4 13
x= – =
7 7 7
3.
6=z+3
4. 4x = 8
Transposing 3 to L.H.S., we obtain
Dividing both sides by 4, we obtain
6 – 3 = z 4x 8
∴ z = 3 = ∴ x = 2
4 4
UNIT-3: 2.4 Solving Equations having the Variable on Both Sides, Exercise 2.3
1. equality 2. True 3. (b)
1. 4x = 3x + 10 ∴ 3z = – 1
On transposing 3x to L.H.S., we obtain Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
4x – 3x = 10 1
z = –
∴ x = 10 3
L.H.S. = 4x = 4 × 10 = 40 L.H.S. = 6z + 3
R.H.S. = 3x + 10 ⎛ –1 ⎞
= 6 +3
= 3(10) + 10 ⎝3⎠
= 30 + 10 = 40 –6 3
L.H.S. = R.H.S. = +
3 1
Hence, the result obtained above is –6 + 9
correct. =
3
2. 5x + 8 = 5 + 4x 3
On transposing 4x to L.H.S. and 8 to =
3
R.H.S., we obtain
L.H.S. = 1
5x – 4x = 5 – 8 ∴ x = – 3
R.H.S. = 2 + 3z
⎛ –1 ⎞
L.H.S. = 5x + 8
= 2 + 3
= 5(–3) + 8 = – 15 + 8 ⎝3⎠
L.H.S. = – 7 2 (–3)
R.H.S. = 5 + 4x = 5 + 4(–3) = 5 – 12 = +
1 3
R.H.S. = – 7 L.H.S. = R.H.S. (3) (1)
Hence, the result obtained above is
6–3
correct. = = 3
3 3
3. 4t –2 = 2t – 4
On transposing 2t to L.H.S. and –2 to R.H.S. = 1
R.H.S., we obtain L.H.S. = R.H.S.
4t – 2t = – 4 – (–2) Hence, the result obtained above is
∴ 2t = –2 correct.
On dividing both sides by 2, we obtain 5. 7x – 2 = 14 – x
Transposing x to L.H.S. and 2 to R.H.S.,
2t = –2 ∴ t = –2 we obtain
2 2 2
∴ t = – 1 7x + x = 14+ 2
L.H.S. = 4t – 2 ∴ 8x = 16
= 4(–1) – 2 = – 6 Dividing both sides by 8, we obtain
R.H.S. = 2t – 4 x = 2
= 2 (–1) – 4 = – 2 – 4 = – 6 L.H.S. = 7x – 2
L.H.S. = R.H.S. = 7(2) – 2
Hence, the result obtained above is = 14 – 2 = 12
correct. R.H.S. = 14 – x
= 14 – 2
4.
6z + 3 = 2 + 3z
= 12
On transposing 3z to L.H.S. and 3 to
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
R.H.S., we obtain
Hence, the result obtained above is
6z – 3z = 2 – 3
correct.
we obtain x
∴ =1
9x – 3x = – 3 + 6 – 3 2
∴ 6x = – 6 + 6 Multiplying both sides by 2, we obtain
∴ x = 0 x = 2
L.H.S. = 9x + 3 2x
= 9(0) + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3 L.H.S. = +1
2
R.H.S. = 3(x – 1) + 6 2×2
= 3(0 – 1) + 6 = +1
2
= – 3 + 6 = 3
2 × 2+1× 2
L.H.S. = R.H.S. =
2
Hence, the result obtained above is
correct. 2×2+2 6
= =
3 2 2
7. x = (x + 9) ∴ L.H.S. = 3
6
Multiplying both sides by 6, we obtain 8x
R.H.S. = +2
6x = 3(x +9) 16
∴ 6x = 3x + 27 8×2
= +2
Transposing 3x to L.H.S., we obtain 16
6x – 3x = 27
= 16 + 2
∴ 3x = 27 16
∴ x = 27 = 1 + 2 = 3
3 ∴ R.H.S. = 3
∴ x = 9 ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 9 Hence, the result obtained above is
3 3 correct.
R.H.S. = (x + 9) = (9 + 9)
6 6
5 26
3 3
9.
= 2y +
–y
= × 18 = 9 3 3
6 5
L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence, the result Transposing y to L.H.S. and to
R.H.S., we obtain 3
obtained above is correct.
8x 26 5
2y + y = –
8. 2x +1 = +2 3 3
2 16
21
8x ∴ 3y = =7
Transposing to L.H.S. and 1 to 3
16 Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
R.H.S., we obtain 7
2x 8x y =
– =2–1 3
2 16 5 7 5
L.H.S. = 2y + = 2 × +
3 3 3
(8) (1)
8 × 2x – 8x 14 5 19
∴ =1 = + =
16 3 3 3
5.Let Shikha’s age be x years. Therefore her mother’s age will be 8x years.
According to the given question,
Shikha’s mother’s present age
After 4 years, Shikha’s age =
4
2
8x
∴ x + 4 = ∴ x + 4 = 2x
4
Transposing x to R.H.S., we obtain, 4 = 2x – x
∴ 4 = x ∴ 8x = 8 × 4 = 32
Therefore, the present ages of Shikha and Shikha’s mother are 4 years and 32 years
respectively.
6. Let the common ratio between the length and breadth of the rectangular plot be x.
Hence, the length and breadth of the rectangular plot will be 14x m and 2x m respec-
tively.
Perimeter of the plot = 2(length + breadth)
= [2(14x + 2x)] m = 32x m
It is given that the cost of fencing the plot at the rate of ` 100 per metre is ` 80,000
1. –5
2. False. It makes L.H.S. and R.H.S. equal.
x 1 x 1
1.– = +
2 5 3 4
L.C.M. of the denominators 2, 3, 4, and 5 is 60
Multiplying both sides by 60. we obtain
60 ⎛ – ⎞ = 60 ⎛ + ⎞
x 1 x 1
⎝ 2 5⎠ ⎝3 4⎠
∴ 30x – 12 = 20x + 15 (opening brackets) ∴ 30x – 20x = 15 + 12
∴ x = 27
10
n 2n 3n
2.
– – = 21
6 3 12
(2) (4) (1)
L.C.M. of the denominators 3, 6, 12 is 12
Multiplying both sides by 12, we obtain
2n – 8n – 3n = 252 ⇒ –9n = 252
252
⇒ n = = –28
–9
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. highest
E.g. x + 3 = 0 and x + 2 = 4 are the linear equations.
2. 1
3x – 4 = 1 – 2x
⇒ 3x + 2x = 1 + 4 (transposing –2x to L.H.S and –4 to R.H.S.)
⇒ 5x =5
5x 5
⇒ = [dividing both sides by 5]
5 5
⇒ x =1
CHAPTER
3 Understanding Quadrilaterals
2. (a) A convex quadrilateral has two diagonals. Here AC & BD are two diagonals.
(b) A regular hexagon has 9 diagonals. Here, diagonals are AD, AE, BD, BE, FC,
FB, AC, EC & FD.
(c) A triangle has no diagonal.
D C E D
F C
A B A B
3.
Let ABCD is a convex quadrilateral, then we draw a diagonal AC which divides the
quadrilateral in two triangles.
D ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D
3 4 = ∠1 + ∠6 + ∠5 + ∠4 + ∠3 + ∠2
C
= (∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3) + (∠4 + ∠5 + ∠6)
2
= 180º + 180º [By angle sum property of triangle]
5 B = 360º
Hence, the sum of measures of the triangles of a convex quadrilateral
is 360º.
16
Yes, if quadrilateral is not convex, then this property will also be
applied.
A
UNIT-2: 3.3 Sum of the Measures of the Exterior Angles of a Polygon, Exercise 3.2
A. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (a)
360°
Measure of each exterior angle =
n
where n is the number of sides/angles.
Thus, measure of each exterior angle will always divide 360° completely.
Hence 22° can never be the measure of exterior angle of a regular polygon.
2. (d)
360° 360°
3. (c) n = = = 360° = 8
Exterior angle 180° – 135° 45°
360°
4. (b) number of exterior angle = = 360° = 72º
no. of sides 5
5.
(a) No. (Since 26º is not a divisor of 360º)
(b) No. (Becuase each exterior angle is 180º – 26º = 154º. Which is not a divisor of
360º)
6. (a) The equilateral triangle being a regular polygon of 3 sides has the least measure
of an interior angle of 60º. ( Sum of all the angles of a triangle = 180º)
\ x + x + x = 180º
⇒ 3x = 180º
x = 60º
(b) By (a), we can observe that the greatest exterior angle is 180º – 60º = 120º.
3. (i) ∠D + ∠B = 180º
It can be, but here, it needs not to be
A B
(ii) No. In this case because one pair of opposite sides are equal and another pair of
opposite side are unequal. So, it is not a parallelogram.
D 9 cm C
4 cm 5.5 cm
A 9 cm B D C
65°
(iii) No. ∠A ≠ ∠C
Since opposite angles are equal in parallelogram and here 72°
opposite angles are not equal in quadrilateral ABCD. A B
Therefore, it is not a parallelogram.
S R
4. PQRS is quadrilateral in which angles
110°
∠P = ∠R = 110º
Therefore, it could be a kite.
110°
P Q
5. Let two adjacent angles be 4x and 6x
\ 4x + 6x = 180º
118° n
m 72°
R T P L
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (a) PQRS is a trapezium \ PQ || SR
\ ∠Q + ∠R = 180º
\ ∠R = 180º – 110º = 70º
2. (c) 3. (d)
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. all 2. Square 3. 360º 4. kite
5. 720º 6. parallelogram 7. Supplementary 8. two
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False. As all angles of trapezium are not equal.
2. False. As in a rhombus, each angle is not a right angle, so rhombuses are not squares.
3. True. A quadrilateral has two diagonals.
4. False. By definition of a regular polygon, we know that a polygon is regular, if all
sides and all angles are equal.
5. False. Since in a rectangle, opposite sides are equal and parallel but in a trapezium, it
is not so.
6. True. Every square is also a parallelogram as it has all the properties of a
parallelogarm but vice-versa is not true.
7. False. As it has 6 sides, therefore it is a concave hexagon.
C. Multiple-choice questions
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (a)
5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (a)
CHAPTER
4 Practical Geometry
UNIT-2: 4.2.2 When two diagonals and three sides are given , Exercise 4.2.
Make the correct sequence of the given steps, to construct a quadrilateral PQRS, given
that QR = 4.5 cm, PS = 5.5 cm, RS = 5 cm the diagonal PR = 5.5 cm and diagonal
QS = 7 cm.
→ With S as centre, draw an arc of radius 7 cm. (Q is somewhere on this arc)
cm
7
somewhere on this arc also.) 5.5 5 cm
→ Draw DPRS using SSS construction (We now need to cm
find Q at a distance of 4.5 cm from R and 7 cm from S)
Q R
(Rough Figure) 4.5 cm
Sums Based on Exercise 4.1
cm
(c) Draw an arc of 3.8 cm taking I as centre which intersects 3.8 cm
4
2.8
cm
the first arc at Z.
(d) Join ZI and ZL. L 4.7 cm I
(e) Draw another arc of radius 2.8 cm taking L as centre
and 4 cm taking I as centre which intersect at A.
(f) Join AZ, AI and AL.
It is required quadrilateral LIZA.
(ii) Given: OF = 7.8 cm, LF = 7.4 cm, LT = 6.3 cm, FT = 5.1 cm, OT = 9.8 cm.
To construct: A quadrilateral LOFT. L 6.3 cm T
Steps of construction:
(a) Draw a line segment OF = 7.8 cm
(b) Draw an arc of radius 5.1 cm taking F as
centre and another arc of radius 9.8 cm
7. 5.1 cm
taking O as centre which intersect the first c m 4
cm
arc at point T. 9 . 8
(c) Join FT and OT.
(d) Draw an arc of radius 6.3 cm from T and O 7.8 cm F
draw another arc of radius 7.4 cm taking F
as centre, which intersects at L.
(e) Join LT and LO.
It is the required quadrilateral LOFT.
3.2 cm
UNIT-4: 4.2.4 When Three Sides and Two Included Angles are Given, Exercise 4.4
Make a correct sequence of the given steps, to construct a quadrilateral PQRS, where
PQ = 4 cm, QR = 5 cm, RS = 6.5 cm and ∠Q = 105º and ∠R = 80º.
→ Complete the quadrilateral PQRS, PQRS Y is
the required quadrilateral. X
S
→ S is at a distance of 6.5 cm on RY. With R as centre,
draw an arc of length 6.5 cm. It cuts RY at S. P
→ Start with taking QR = 5 cm. Draw an angle of
6.5 cm
105º along QX. Locate PQ = 4 cm away on this. 4 cm
We now have Q, R and P.
→ The fourth point S is on RY which is inclined at 80º 105°
80°
to QR. So make ∠QRY = 80º at R on QR. Q 5 cm R
(Rough Figure)
T
Sums Based on Exercise 4.4 4.8 cm
90°
1. (i) Given: GA = 4 cm, AT = 6 cm, E
TE = 4.8 cm, ∠A = 60º, ∠T = 90º.
Steps of construction: 6 cm
1.
Given: PE = 5.3 cm
To construct: A square PECK
Steps of construction:
(a) Draw PE with PE = 5.3 cm
(b) At point E, construct an angle of 90º and draw an arc
of radius 5.3 cm, which intersects at point C.
(c) At point P, draw an arc of radius 5.3 cm. At point C,
draw another arc of radius 5.3 cm which intersects
the first arc at point K.
(d) Join CK and PK.
It is the required square PECK.
2. Given: Diagonals of rhombus
AC = 5.4 cm and BD = 6.8 cm
To construct: A rhombus ABCD
Steps of construction:
(a) Draw AC with AC = 5.4 cm and draw perpendicular
bisectors on AC.
(b) Since diagonals bisect at mid-point O, therefore get half of
6.8 cm, i.e., 3.4 cm.
4.4 cm
4.4 cm
(a) Draw a LO with LO = 5.8 cm
(b) Draw an angle of 90º at O and draw an arc of radius
4.4 cm, from O which intersects angle 90º at O at
point C. L 5.8 cm O
(c) Draw another arc of radius 5.8 cm and at point L,
draw another arc of radius 4.4 cm which intersects the arc of radius 5.8 cm at K.
(d) Join CK and LK.
It is the required parallelogram LOCK.
5. ∠B = 60º [Suppose]
∠A + ∠B = 180º [Sum of cointerior angles]
∠A + 60º = 180º
∠A = 120º
AB = BC = CD = DA = 5 cm
Steps of construction:
Y X
(a) Draw AB with AB = 5 cm
D 5 cm
(b) Draw a ray AY such that ∠BAY = 120º. C
(c) Make a point D such that AD = 5 cm.
(d) Draw a ray BX such that ∠ABX = 60º. 5 cm 5 cm
m
9c
a centre, draw an arc of 7 cm. R
7 cm
(c) Draw an another arc of 9 cm with B as a centre,
which cut-off arc of radius 7 cm with E as centre, 5 cm
cm
at A.
5
(d) Draw an another arc of 5 cm with E as a centre,
which cut-off arc of radius 5 cm with B as centre,
B 6 cm E
at R.
(e) Now, join BR, EA and AR.
Thus, we have required quadrilateral BEAR. Also, AR = 5 cm.
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. line segments 2. right 3. two included 4. all
5. parallelogram 6. supplementary 7. angles 8. Square
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False. Since sum of all the angles of a quadrilateral is 360º.
2. True. If opposite angles are equal, it has to be a parallelogram.
3. False. As we require at least five measurements to determine a quadrilateral uniquely.
4. False. If all angles will be obtuse, then their sum will exceed 360º. This is not possible
in case of a quadrilateral.
5. True. A quadrilateral can be drawn if three sides and two diagonals are given.
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a)
4. (b) 5. (c)
5 Data Handling
UNIT-1: 5.1 Looking for Information, 5.2 Organising Data, 5.3 Grouping Data, 5.3.1
Bars with a Difference, Exercise 5.1
1. In Case of the data given in alternative (A) and (D), we will use Bar graph because it
presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to
the values. In case of alternatives (B) and (C), we do not know number of letters for
different areas and height of competitors in an athletics. So we can’t use both option
for bar graph.
2. By observing the data given above, we can make a frequency distribution table as
follows.
Customer Tally Marks Number
B |||| | 06
G |||| |||| |||| 15
No. of Customer
20
15
10
5
X
0 Boys Girls
customer
Y
7
Number of workers
6
5
4 4
3
3 3 3
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
X
0 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000
Weekly wages (Rs)
(i) 930 – 940 is the group which has the maximum number of workers.
(ii) The workers who earn more than ` 950 are the number of workers who fall in
the group of 950 – 960 or 960 – 970 or 970 – 980 or 980 – 990 or 990 – 1000.
Hence the total number of workers earning more than 950 will be the sum of the
numbers of all these workers i.e. 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 06.
(iii) The workers who earn less than ` 950 are the number of workers who fall in the
group 900–910 or 910 – 920 or 920 – 930, 930 – 940 or 940 – 950. Hence the
total will be the sum of the numbers of all these workers i.e., 3 + 3 + 1 + 4 + 3
= 14.
5. (i) From the graph, it can be observed that the maximum number of students (i.e.
32) play games in mobile for 4 – 5 hours.
(ii) The students who play games in mobile for less than 4 hours are the students who
play games in mobile for 1 – 2 hours or 2 – 3 hours or 3 – 4 hours. Hence, total
number of students = 4 + 8 + 22 = 34.
(iii) The students who play games in mobile for more than 5 hours are the students
who play games in mobile for 5 – 6 hours or 6 – 7 hours. Hence, required no. of
students = 8 + 6 = 14.
100 100
Summer 100 × 360º = 78.26º
460 460
150 150
Rainy 150 × 360º = 117.39º
460 460
210 210
Winter 210 × 360º = 164.35º
460 460
Winter Rainy
164.35° 117.39°
Summer
78.26°
18 18
Black 18 × 360º = 180º
36 36
9 9 × 360º = 90º
Red 9
36 36
3 3
Pink 3 × 360º = 30º
36 36
Pink
30°
Green
60° Black
180°
Red
90°
4.
(i) Total marks obtained by the student are 600. Hence 600 marks represent 360º.
The central angle for 100 marks has to be calculated. Social
100
Central angle for 100 marks = × 360º = 60º Mathe- science
600 matics 65° Science
Hindi is the subject having its central angle as 70º 90° 80°
Therefore, the student scored 100 marks in Hindi.
(ii) Difference between the central angles of Mathematics English Hindi
and Hindi 55° 70°
= 90º – 70º = 20º
20º
Marks for 20º central angle = × 600 = 33.33
360
UNIT-3: 5.5 Chance and Probability, 5.5.1 Getting a Result, 5.5.2 Equally Likely
Outcomes, 5.5.3 Linking Chances to Probability, 5.5.4 Outcomes as Events,
5.5.5 Chance and Probability Related to Real Life, Exercise 5.3
1.
(a) On spinning the given wheel, the possible outcomes are A, B, C, D
(b) By tossing three coins together, the possible outcomes are HHT, HTH, HHH,
TTH, THT, TTT, THH, HTT where H and T represents Head and Tail of the coins
respectively.
2. When a dice is thrown, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
(i) (a) Out of these outcomes 2, 3, 5 are prime numbers. Hence, these are the
outcomes of an event of getting a prime number on the face of a dice.
(b) Out of these outcomes 1, 4, 6 are not prime numbers. Hence, these are the
outcomes of an event of not getting prime number on the face of a dice.
(ii) (a) Out of these outcomes, a number greater than 4 is possible when the 5 or 6
comes on the face of the dice.
(b) Out of these outcomes, a number not greater than 5 is possible when the
number on the face of the dice is any one of the outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
3. (i) The pointer can stop at one of the following regions
A, A, B, C, D
Out of these 5 cases, it is possible only in 1 case that the pointer will stop at
region C.
1
Therefore, probability that the pointer will stop at region C = .
5
(ii) There are 52 cards in a deck of cards and there are 4 ace cards in 1 deck of cards.
4 1
Probability of getting an ace card = =
52 13
(iii) There are total 7 fruits, out of which 4 are red apple and 3 are orange.
3
Probability of getting an orange =
7
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. raw. 2. upper class limit 3. a part 4. head or tail
5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 6. event 7. size 8. 2
9. likely
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True 2. False
The central angle of a sector in a pie chart can be more than 180º but not more than
360º.
CHAPTER
1. (i) The number 69 contains its unit’s place digit 9. So, square of 9 is 81.
Hence, unit’s digit of square of 69 is 1.
(ii) The number 88770 contains its unit’s place digit 0. So, square of 0 is 0.
Hence, units digit of square of 88770 is 0.
(iii) The number 461 contains its unit’s place digit 1. So, square of 1 is 1.
Hence, units digit of square of 461 is 1.
(iv) The number 12856 contains its unit’s place digit 6. So, square of 6 is 36.
Hence, units digit of square of 12856 is 6.
(v) The number 382 contains its unit’s place digit 2. So, square of 2 is 4.
Hence, units digit of square of 382 is 4.
(vi) The number 70433 contains its unit’s place digit 3. So, square of 3 is 9.
Hence, units digit of square of 70433 is 9.
(vii) The number 3205 contains its unit’s place digit 5. So, square of 5 is 25.
Hence, units digit of square of 3205 is 5.
(viii) The number 631 contains its unit’s place digit 1. So, square of 1 is 1.
Hence, units digit of square of 631 is 1.
46 ThinkerActive Mathematics WB-VIII (Answer Key)
1. (i) (41)2 = (40 + 1)2= (40)2 + 2(40) (1) + (1)2[Q (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= 1600 + 80 + 1 = 1681
(ii) (89)2 = (80 + 9)2 = (80)2 + 2(80) (9) + (9)2[Q (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= 6400 + 1440 + 81 = 7921
2 2304
2 1152
2 576
(v) 2304
2 288
\ √2304 = √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
2 144
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
2 72
= 48
2 36
2 18
3 9
3 3
1
(vi) 1936
2 1936
\ √1936 = √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11
2 968
= 2 × 2 × 11
2 484
= 44
2 242
11 121
11 11
1
5. (i) 432
2 432
\ √432 = √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 2 216
Here prime factor 3 has no pair. 2 108
\ 432 must be multiplied with 3 to make it a perfect square. 2 54
\ 432 × 3 = 1296 3 27
√1296 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36 3 9
3 3
1
6. (i) 5445
\ √5445 = √3 × 3 × 5 × 11 × 11 3 5445
3 1815
Here, prime factor 5 has no pair.
5 605
\ 5445 must be divided by 5 to make a perfect square. 11 121
\ 5445 ÷ 5 = 1089 11 11
\ √1089 = 3 × 11 = 33 1
8.
Number of plants = 1936
Let the number of row of planted plants = x 2 1936
Each row contains number of plants = x 2 968
\ x2 = 1936 2 484
\ x = √1936 2 242
= √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11 11 121
= 2 × 2 × 11 = 44 11 11
Hence, each row contains 44 plants. 1
A. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b)
2.9
2 8.41
(v) 8.41 2 –4
Hence, the square root of 8.41 is 2.9. 49 441
9 –441
000
61
(iii) 3726
As we know, if we subtract the remainder from the number, 6 37 26
we get a perfect square. 6 –36
\ Remainder is 5. 121 126
Thus, subtract 5 from 3726 to get a perfect square. 1 –121
\ 3726 – 5 = 3721
Hence, the square root of 3721 is 61. 122 005
61
6 37 21
6 –36
121 0121
1 –121
122 000
(ii) 3013
54
Since remainder is 97.
\ 542 < 3013 5 30 13
Next perfect square number 5 25
552 = 3025 104 513
Hence, number to be added = 3025 – 3013 = 12 4 –416
\ 3013 + 12 = 3025
108 97
Hence, the square root of 3025 is 55.
(iv) 1430 37
Since remainder is 61.
3 14 30
\ 372 < 1430
Next perfect square number 3 9
382 = 1444 67 530
Hence, number to be added = 1444 – 1430 = 14 7 –469
\ 1430 + 14 = 1444 74 61
Hence, the square root of 1444 is 38.
6. Let the length of side of a square be x metre.
Area of square = (Side)2
\ 784 = (x)2
\ √784 = x
x
\ √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 = x
\ 2×2×7 =x
\ 28 = x ∴ x = 28
Hence, the length of the side of a square is 28 m.
7. (i) Using Pythagorous theorem P
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
= (7)2 + (24)2 (?)
= 49 + 576 7
= 625
∴ PR = 25 cm
Q 24 R
(ii) Using Pythagorous theorem
PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
∴ PQ2 = PR2 – PQ2
= (26)2 – (24)2
= 676 – 576 = 100
∴ PQ = 10 cm.
25
8. Stones = 665
2 6 65
Remainder is 45.
\ 252 < 665. 2 –4
Next perfect square = 26 = 676.
2
45 265
Thus, number to be added = 676 – 665 = 11. 5 –225
Hence, Soham requires eleven stones.
50 040
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. eight 2. 6 3. 30.25 4. 5.3 5. 5
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False
1 is a natural number and square of 1 is not greater than 1.
5. False 6. True
3 1
If the square has 3 digits, then its square root has 2 i.e. digits.
2
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c)
5. (d)
Given, M is the square of n, i.e. M = n2
Taking square root on both sides, we get n = √M
6. (c)
D.
Solve the following:
1.
Resolving 500 into prime factors, we have 2 500
Grouping the factors into pairs of equal factors, we get 2 250
500 = (2 × 2) × (5 × 5 × 5) 5 125
Clearly, by grouping into pairs of equal factors,
5 25
we are left with one factor 5, which cannot be paired.
5 5
Hence, 500 is not a perfect square.
1
2.
Factorisation of 176 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11
Here, 11 has no pair.
So, it is not a perfect square and 11 is the smallest number by which 176 should be
multiplied to get a perfect square.
Then, 176 × 11 = 22 × 22 × 11 × 11= 22 × 22 × 112 = 1936
= (44)2, which is a perfect square of 44.
UNIT-2: 7.3 Cube Roots, 7.3.1 Cube Root Through Prime Factorisation Method,
7.3.2 Cube Root of a Cube Number, Exercise 7.2
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. 8 2. 6 3. 2 4. odd
5. 3 1/ 3 6. 3 7. 3
x or x
CHAPTER
8 Comparing Quantities
15 hours 5 × 3 3
1. (a) ratio = = = =3:7
35 hours 5 × 7 7
20
6. No. of children who like video game = ×10000 = 2000 children
100
40
No. of children who like cartoons = ×10000 = 4000 children
100
10
No. of children who like movie = ×10000 = 1000 children
100
Remaining percentage= 100 – (20 + 40 + 10) = 100 –70 = 30%
30
No. of children who like out door game = ×10000 = 3000 children
100
2.
Decrease in the students = 800 – 100 = 700
700
Decrease % of the students = × 100 = 87.5%
800
115
3. Selling price of 60 Rakhis = × 4200 = 4830
100
4830
Selling price of 1 Rakhi = = ` 80.5
60
4. Cost + Repairing = ` 1500 + ` 350
Total cost = ` 1850
112
selling price = × 1850 = ` 2072
100
5.
For gas stove, selling price would be 100 – 20 = 80% of ` 4000
80
Selling price of gas stove = × 4000 = ` 3200
100
For chimney, selling price would be 100 + 4 = 104% of ` 4000
104
selling price of chimney = × 4000 = ` 4160
100
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. 400 2. 100% 3. marked price 4. bill amount
5. Discount 6. 8 7. ` 1000 8. 300
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False
Marked price of a book = ` 190
sales tax = 2%
2
The cost price of the book = 190 + 100 × 190
CHAPTER
1. (i) 3 × 9p = 27p (ii) (–7p) × 13p = –91p2 (iii) (–8p) × 11pq = –88p2q
(iv) 18p × 0 = 0 (v) 16p3 × (–5p) = –80p4
2. (i) Length = 3p; Breadth = 11q; Area of rectangle = 3p × 11q = 33pq
(ii) Length = 30m; Breadth = 25n; Area of rectangle = 30m × 25n = 750mn
(iii) Length = 10x2; Breadth = 125y2; Area of rectangle = 10x2 × 125y2 = 1250x2y2
(iv) Length = 12x; Breadth = 9x2; Area of rectangle = 12x × 9x2 = 108x3
(v) Length = 9mn; Breadth = 8np; Area of rectangle = 9mn × 8np = 72mn2p
3. Complete the table of products.
First monomial →
3x –7y 9x2 –8xy 5x2y –3x2y2
Second monomial ↓
3x –21xy 27x3 –24x2y 15x3y –9x3y2
–7y –21xy 49y2 63x2y 56xy2 –35x2y2 21x2y3
9x
2
27x3 –63x2y 81x4 –72x3y 45x4y –27x4y2
–8xy –24x2y 56xy2 –72x3y 64x2y2 –40x3y2 24x3y3
5x2y 15x3y –35x2y2 45x4y –40x3y2 25x4y2 –15x4y3
–3x2y2 –9x3y2 21x2y3 –27x4y2 24x3y3 –15x4y3 9x4y4
4.
Here l, b and h are length, breadth and height respectively.
(i) l = 25a, b = 6a2, h = 3a4
Volume of the rectangular box = l × b × h = 25a × 6a2 × 3a4 = 450a7
(ii) l = 4p, b = 16q, h = 16s
Volume of the rectangular box = l × b × h = 4p × 16q × 16s = 1024 pqs.
(iii) l = 3xy, b = 5x2y, h = 4xy2
Volume of the rectangular box = l × b × h = 3xy × 5x2y × 4xy2 = 60x4y4
(iv) l = 2a, b(breadth) = 5b, h = 7c
Volume of the rectangular box = l × b(breadth) × h
= 2a × 5b × 7c
= 70abc
3. (i)
(3a2) × (4a41) × (9a11) = 108 a54
40 18 40 18 144 3 8
(ii) – p2q5 × pq3 = – × × p3q8 = – pq
13 5 13 5 13
5 13 65
(iii) x2y × – x5y5 = – x7y6 = –13x7y6
3 10 30 6
(iv) 3x × 4x2 × 5x3 × 11x4 = 660 x10
4. (a) 11x2(9x3 – 19) + 3 = 99x5 – 209x2 + 3
(i) Value of 11x2(9x3 – 19) + 3 for (x = 6)
= 11 × (6)2 × {9 × (6)3 – 19} + 3 = 11 × 36 × (9 × 216 – 19) + 3
= 396 × (1944 – 19) + 3 = (396 × 1925) + 3 = 762300 + 3 = 762303
1.
(i) (3x + 7) × (5x – 2) = 15x2 – 6x + 35x – 14 = 15x2 + 29x – 14
(ii) (3a + b) × (2x + 3) = 6ax + 9a + 2bx + 3b = 6ax + 2bx + 9a + 3b
(iii) (2y – 3) × (3y – 5) = 6y2 – 10y – 9y + 15 = 6y2 – 19y + 15
(iv) (5pq + 2q2) × (4pq – q2) = 20p2q2 – 5pq3 + 8pq3 – 2q4
(v) (1.5l – 2.5m) × (1.5l + 2.5m) = 2.25l2 + 3.75lm – 3.75lm – 6.25m2
= 2.25l2 – 6.25m2
5 7 5 35 2 2 28
(vi) a2 + 4b × 3 a – b2 = 3 × a3 – a b + 4ab – b3
3 3 3 9 3
35
= 5a3 – a2b2 + 12ab – 28b3
3
2. (i) (7 – 3x) (5 + 2x) = 35 + 14x – 15x – 6x2 = 35 – x – 6x2 = –6x2 – x + 35
(ii) (5a2 + b) (2a + 3b2) = 10a3 + 15a2b2 + 2ab + 3b3
(iii) (2x + 5y) (3x – 4y) = 6x2 – 8xy + 15xy – 20y2 = 6x2 + 7xy – 20y2
(iv) (3p2 – 2q2) (5p + 3q) = 15p3 + 9p2q – 10pq2 – 6q3
3.
(i) (3x2 – 1) (2x + 3) + 10 = 6x3 + 9x2 – 2x – 3 + 10 = 6x3 + 9x2 – 2x + 7
(ii) (2a2 + 3) (3b3 + 1) + 5 = 6a2b3 + 2a2 + 9b3 + 3 + 5
= 6a2b3 + 2a2 + 9b3 + 8 = (6a2 + 9)b3 + 2a2 + 8
(iii) (3t + 5s2) (t2 – 2s) = 3t3 – 6ts + 5s2t2 – 10s3 = 3t3 – 10s3 + 5s2t2 – 6ts
(iv) (2a + b) (3c – d) + (5a – b) (7c + d) + 5 (3ac + 2bd)
= (6ac – 2ad + 3bc – bd) + (35ac + 5ad – 7bc – bd) + (15ac + 10bd)
= 56ac + 3ad – 4bc + 8bd
(v) (0.5x – 2y) (0.5x + 3y + 2) – 3.5x + 6y2
= 0.25x2 + 1.5xy + x – xy – 6y2 – 4y – 3.5x + 6y2
= 0.25x2 + 0.5xy – 2.5x – 4y
(vi) (2a + b + 3c) (a + b – 2c)
= 2a(a + b – 2c) + b(a + b – 2c) + 3c(a + b – 2c)
= 2a2 + 2ab – 4ac + ab + b2 – 2bc + 3ca + 3bc – 6c2
= 2a2 + 3ab + bc – ca + b2 – 6c2
= 2a2 + b2 – 6c2 + 3ab + bc – ca
1. (i)
(x + 9) (x + 9) = (x + 9)2 = (x)2 + 2(x)(9) + (9)2
[Q (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2] = x2 + 18x + 81
(ii) (3y + 9) (3y + 9) = (3y + 9)2 = (3y)2 + 2(3y)(9) + (9)2 = 9y2 + 54y + 81
(iii) (3a – 5) (3a – 5) = (3a – 5)2 = (3a)2 – 2(3a)(5) + (5)2 = 9a2 – 30a + 25
(iv) (3x – 5) (3x + 5) = (3x)2 – (5)2 = 9x2 – 25
3 3 3 2 3 3 2 9
(v) 5a – 5a – = 5a – = (5a)2 – 2(5a) + = 25a2 – 15a +
2 2 2 2 2 4
(vi) (–3a + 2c) (–3a + 2c) = (–3a + 2c)2 = (2c – 3a)2 = (2c)2 – 4(2c) (3a) + (3a)2
= 4c2 – 24ca + 9a2 = 9a2 – 24ac + 4c2
(vii) (2.1m – 0.3) (2.1m + 0.3) = (2.1m)2 – (0.3)2 [Q (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2]
= 4.41m – 0.09 2
x 7y x 7y x 7y 2
(viii) + + = +
5 9 5 9 5 9
x 2 x 7y 7y 2 x2 14 49
= + 2 + = + xy + y2
5 5 9 9 25 45 81
(ix) (2a2 + 3b2) (–2a2 + 3b2) = (3b2 + 2a2) (3b2 – 2a2) = (3b2)2 – (2a2)2
[Q (p + q) (p – q) = p2 – q2]
= 9b4 – 4a4
(x) (5a – 3b) (5a – 3b) = (5a – 3b)2 = (5a)2 – 2(5a)(3b) + (3b)2 = 25a2 – 30ab + 9b2
7 1 7 1
= 3 × a2 + × 3 × a2 + = 9 × a2 + × a2 +
3 3 3 3
2 2 7 1 2 7 1 8 2 7
= 9 × (a ) + + a + × =9× a + a + 4
3 3 3 3 3 9
= 9a4 + 24a2 + 7
(vii) (5xyz – 6) (5xyz – 4)
6 4
= 5 × xyz – × 5 × xyz –
5 5
6 4 6 4
= 25 × (xyz)2 + – – (xyz) + – –
5 5 5 5
2 2 2 24
= 25 × x y z – 2xyz + = 25x2y2z2 – 50xyz + 24
25
3. (i) b – 11) = (b) – 2(b) (11) + (11)2 = b2 – 22b + 121
2 2
(ii) (0.3p – 0.4q)2 = (0.3p)2 – 2(0.3p) (0.4q) + (0.4q)2 = 0.09p2 – 0.24pq + 0.16q2
(iii) (xy + 9z)2 = (xy)2 + 2(xy) (9z) + (9z)2 = x2y2 + 18xyz + 81z2
(iv) (3xy + 7y)2 = (3xy)2 + 2(3xy) (7y) + (7y)2 = 9x2y2 + 42xy2 + 49y2
(v) (12x2 – 7y)2 = (12x2)2 – 2(12x2) (7y) + (7y)2 = 144x4 – 168x2y + 49y2
5 3 2 5 2 5 3 3 2 25 9
(vi) m + n = m + 2 m n + n = m2 + 2mn + n2
3 5 3 3 5 5 9 25
4.
(i) (3a2 – 2b2)2 = (3a2)2 – 2(3a2)(2b2) + (2b2)2 = 9a4 – 12a2b2 + 4b4
(ii) (3x + 2)2 – (2x – 3)2 = (3x)2 + 2(3x) (2) + (2)2 – {(2x)2 – 2(2x) (3) +(3)2}
= 9x2 + 12x + 4 – (4x2 – 12x + 9)
= 9x2 + 12x + 4 – 4x2 + 12x – 9 = 5x2 + 24x – 5
36 2 25 36 25
=
m – 2mn + n2 + 4mn = m2 + 2mn + n2
25 36 25 36
36 2 6 5 25 6 5 2
= m + 2 m n + n2 = m + n = R.H.S.
25 5 6 36 5 6
\ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
6 5 2 6 5 2
\ m – n + 4mn = m + n
5 6 5 6
(iv) L.H.S. = (8pq + 5q) – (8pq – 5q)2
2
= 10 × 104 = 1040
7. x + 1
4x + 4 4x 4
We have = + =x+1
4 4 4
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True
We know that (a + b) (a – b) = a × a – a × b + b × a – b × b
= a2 – ab + ba – b2 = a2 – b2
2. True
Since the constant term (i.e. a number ) present in the expression –5p2q2 is –5.
3. False
Since the given expression contains three unlike terms, so it is trinomial.
4. True
x2 x x2 + x 1
We have + = = x(x + 1)
2 2 2 2
1
\ The factors are x & (x + 1)
2
5. True
We have 11xy2 = 11 × x × y × y
121x3y3 = 11 × 11 × x × x × x × y × y × y
1331x2y = 11 × 11 × 11 × x × x × y
\ Common factor = 11 × x × y = 11xy
1. Add:
(i) We have
3x(x – y + z) + 2y(x – y + z)
= (3x2 – 3xy + 3xz) + (2xy – 2y2 + 2yz)
= 3x2 – 3xy + 2xy + 2yz + 3xz – 2y2
= 3x2 – xy + 2yz + 3xz – 2y2 ...[grouping like terms]
(ii) We have
7a2bc + (–3abc2) + 3a2bc + 2abc2
= 7a2bc – 3abc2 + 3a2bc + 2abc2
= (7a2bc + 3a2bc) + (–3abc2 + 2abc2)
= 10a2bc + (–abc2) = 10a2bc – abc2
2. Subtract:
(i) We have 7x(3y + 7x) & 8x(2x – 7y)
The required difference is given by 8x(2x – 7y) – 7x(3y + 7x)
= 16x2 – 56xy – 21xy – 49x2
= (16x2 – 49x2) + (–56xy – 21xy) ...[grouping like terms]
= – 33x – 77xy
2
(ii) We have,
(5a2 – 3ab + 4b2 – 9) – (7b2 + 5ab – 2a2 + 13)
1 9 8 1 9 8
= a2 + ab – ab – 2b2 = a2 + – ab – 2b2
2 8 9 2 8 9
1 81 – 64 1 17
= a2 + ab – 2b2 = a2 + ab –2b2
2 72 2 72
4. Simplify
(i) We have
(3a + 2b)2 – (3a – 2b)2
= {(3a + 2b) + (3a – 2b)} {(3a + 2b) – (3a – 2b)}
...{using the identity a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)}
= {3a + 2b + 3a – 2b} {3a + 2b – 3a + 2b}
= 6a × 4b = (6 × 4)ab = 24ab
(ii) We have (2.5x + 1.5y)2 + (2.5x – 1.5y)2
= (2.5x)2 + (1.5y)2 + 2 × 2.5x × 1.5y + (2.5x)2 + (1.5y)2 – 2 × (2.5x) × (1.5y)
...[using the identity (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab & (a – b)2 – a2 + b2 – 2ab]
= 6.25x2 + 2.25y2 + 6.25x2 + 2.25y2
= (6.25 + 6.25)x2 + (2.25 + 2.25)y2
= 12.5x2 + 4.5y2
CHAPTER
Cube
Top view
Triangular Prism
Top view
Square pyramid
Top view
Cylinder
Top view
Hexagonal Prism
Side
(b) Top
Side
Front
Tetrahedron Front view Side view Top view
or Triangular Pyramid
(c) Top
Side
Front
Pentagonal Cone Front view Side view Top view
or Pentagonal Pyramid
(d) Top
Side
Front
Hexagonal Pyramid Front view Side view Top view
Side
Front
Front view Side view Top view
(b) Top
Side
Front
Top view
(c) Top
Side
Front
Front view Side view Top view
(d) Top
Side
Front
Front view Side view Top view
(e) Top
Side
Front
Front view Side view Top view
(b) Side View Top view (c) Front view Side View Top view
RING ROAD
C
DD
ROAD
CITY
B
B.Ed
ROA
ROAD
GARDEN COLLEGE
SECONDARY LOCALITY
SCHOOL
LOCALITY
D
ROA
CG
CEMETARY
MARKET
11 Mensuration
2.
Let the length of the other parallel side be b.
Length of one parallel side (a) = 10 cm and height (h) = 8 cm
1
∴ Area of trapezium = (a + b) × h
2
1 4
∴ 44 = (10 + b) × 8 ∴ 44 = 40 + 4 b
2
∴ 44 – 40 = 4 b ∴ 4 = 4 b
∴ b = 1 cm
Hence, the another required parallel side is 1 cm long.
3. Given: BC = 43 m, CD = 19 cm, AD = 40 m and perimeter = 130 m.
∴Perimeter of trapezium ABCD = AB + BC + CD + DA
∴130 = AB + 43 + 19 + 40
∴130 =AB + 102
∴AB = 130 – 102 = 28 m
1
Now, Area of the field = × (BC + AD) × AB
2 14
1
= × (43 + 40) × 28 = 1162 m2
2
Hence, area of the field ABCD is 1162 m2.
4.Here, h1 = 13 m, h2 = 9 m, and AC = 36 m
Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= Area of DABC + Area of DADC.
1 1 1 1
= × b × h1+ × b × h2 = × b × (h1 + h2) = × 36 × (13 + 9)
2 2 2 2
1
= × 36 × 22 = 396 m2
2
Hence, required area of the field is 396 m2.
5. Given: d1 = 6.5 cm and d2 = 14 cm.
We know that
7
1 1
Area of rhombus = × d1 × d2 = × 6.5 × 14 = 45.5 cm2
2 2
Hence, area of rhombus is 45.5 cm 2
24 cm
32 cm
And also figures (III) and (IV) are similar in dimensions II I
∴ Area of figure (I) = Area of trapezium 20 cm
1 IV
= (a+ b) × h
2 28 cm
1 2
= 1 (32 + 24) × 4 = × 56 × 4 = 112 cm2
2 2
Also, area of figure (II)= 112 cm 2
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. 2 2. equal 3. 2ph (r + h) 4. pr2h 5. 24
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. True
Since all the faces of a cube are squares of same side length, therefore the areas of any
two faces of a cube are equal.
2. False
A cuboid has rectangular faces with different lengths and breadths. Only opposite faces
of cuboid have the same length and breadth. Therefore, areas of only opposite faces of
a cuboid are equal.
3. True
Given a cube of side 3 cm is painted on all its faces. Now, it is sliced in to 1 cm3 cubes.
Then, there will be 8 corner cubes with only one side painted and only 1 cube in the
middle that has no side painted.
4. False
The dimensions of the given cuboid are 2 × 1 × 1. It is sliced into two equal parts,
which are cubes. Then, the dimensions of the cube, so formed are 1 × 1 × 1.
∴ The surface area of the cube so formed = 6
∴ (side)2 = 6 × (1)2 = 6 sq units
Hence, the surface area of the sliced cube is 6 sq units.
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a)
5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a)
UNIT-1: 1 2 . 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n , 1 2 . 2 P o w e r s with N e g at iv e E x p o n e n t s ,
12.3 Laws of Exponents, Exercise 12.1
1. (i) 3–4 1 m 1
(ii) (–5)–3 1 m 1
34 a a m a a m
( 5)3
1 1
81 125
3 3
1 4 m 1
(iii)
4
1 a a m
( 4) 3
64
m 1 1
2. (i) (–2)4 ÷ (–2)8 ( 2) 4 8 [ a m a n a m n ] ( 2) 4 a a m ( 2) 4
3 a m am
(ii) 1 13 1 1
3 m 3 3
3 3
[ ( a m ) n a m n ]
3 (3 ) b b 3 39
4
2
(iii) ( 4) 4 (iv)
(2 6 2 8 )( 2 46 ( 8) 2 4 [ a m a n[
2 264 2 8 ) 2 4 2 6 ( 8)
4
m
(2 6 2 8 ) m
6 8
264 68 84 2 64 ( 8) 2246 ( 8)62
4 6 8 m 4 n
(2 84)[ a 42 a [ a nnm[
a maamn[] a m n ]a n a
4 4 a (2 a(2m2 )22 ) 2 a m 2 2 am24 2 2 24
[ a aamnn ]a m n ]
2 2
( 4) 4 ( 4) 4 m26 8 24 26826284 2[24am2ma2n [a2mamn[] a nm aamnn ]a m n ]
44 44 b b 2 4 b
2 2 b( 4 )
2 2 ( 4 )
2 2 22 2224 2 4
24 24 n 2 n n 2 2
2
( 1) 4 44 ( 1) 4 44 [ (ab) n an b2n ]
2 ( 4 ) ( (4ab
2[2 2) 2)( 4) a b ]
44 44 1 1 m 1 m 1
2 2 2 2 2m2 n 2
44 4 24 m n mn m n 2 a ama a m
44 4 24 [ a a a1 ] [ a a 2
m
a ]
2 1
2 1 1 a m a ma 1m 1
2 02
40 2 4 40 2 4 0
[ a 1] 2 2[ a2 1] a a m a m
1 24 1 24
24 24
1
(36) 2
1 2 m 1
3. (i) 1 3 a m
9 a
9 1 2
3 [L.C.M.]
9
10 2 10 2
= 3 2 3
9 3
10 32 2 [ a m a n a m n ]
10 30
10 1 [ a 0 1]
10
1 1 m 1
(31 9 1 ) 32 1 1 32
(ii)
a a m
3 9
1 1
1 2 32 [ a n a n a m n ]
3 3
1 1
1 2
32 32 33 32
3 33
33 ( 2) [ a m a n a m n ]
33 2 31
1 n 1
3 a a n
32 52 7 2 9 25 49 83
0
(iv) (2 1 4 1 6 1 )0 1 1 1 n 1
2 4 6 a a n
1 6 1 3 1 2
[L.C.M. = 12]
2 6 4 3 6 2
0 0
6 3 2 11
=
12 12
1 [ a 0 1]
(v) 2
3 2 3
2 2
[ ( a m ) n a m n ]
4 4
4
3
4
4
4 n 1
3 a a n
256
81
1 3 2 1 3
4. (i) 9 4 (3 ) 4
2 2
3 3
32 43
[ ( a m ) n a m n ]
32
32 ( 2) 43 [ a m a n a m n ]
32 2 43 30 43
1 64 [ a 0 1]
64
1 1 1
24 3 72
1
( 1) 1 1
1
4
6
7
3
4 6 7 3 a m am
(ii) m
7 4 7 6 4 3 b b
4 6 3 7 3 6 4 3 73
73 m 1
43 a a m
343
64
1012
1. (i) 0.0000000000073 = 0.0000000000073 × = 7.3 × 10–12
1012
1012
(ii) 0.00000000000382 = 0.00000000000382 × 12 = 3.82 × 10–12
10
1015
(iii) 4510000000000000 = 4510000000000000 × 15 = 4.51 × 1015
10
109
(iv) 0.00000000127 = 0.00000000127 × 9 = 1.27 × 10–9
10
1010
(v) 43890000000= 43890000000 × 10 = 4.389 × 1010
10
5.18
2. (i) 5.18 × 10–5 = = 0.0000518
105
(ii) 3.2 × 106 = 3.2 × 1000000 = 3200000
5
(iii) 5 × 10–4 = 4 = 0.0005
10
(iv) 3.0031 × 107 = 3.0031 × 10000000 = 30031000
(v) 1.7 × 1010 = 1.7 × 10000000000 = 17000000000
(vi) 8.73246 × 107 = 8.73246 × 10000000 = 87324600
1
3. (i) 1 micrometre = cm = 1 cm = 1 × 10–4 cm
10000 104
(ii) Charge of an electron is 0.000000000000000048 electrostatic unit
1017
= 0.000000000000000048 × 17
10
= 4.8 × 10–17 electrostatic unit
(iii) Distance from the Earth to the Sun is in 1,49,600,000,000 m
= 149,600,000,000 = 1.496 × 1011 m
(iv) Diameter of the red blood is 0.000007 m
7 7
= 0.000007 = = = 7 × 10–6 m
1000000 106
8 8
(v) Thickness of thin paper is 0.008 mm= 0.008 = = = 8 × 10–3 m
1000 103
4. Thickness of one book = 40 mm
Thickness of 8 books = 8 × 40 = 320 mm
Thickness of one paper = 0.032 mm
Thickness of 10 papers = 0.032 × 10 = 0.32 mm
Total thickness of the stock = 320 + 0.32 = 320.32 mm
102
= 320.32 × 2 = 3.2032 × 102 mm
10
CHAPTER
A.
Fill in the blanks.
1.
direct 2. direct, directly 3. directly
x
4. x ∝ y x = ky = k
y
12 1
k= =
48 4
x 6 1
=k ⇒ = ⇒ y = 24
y y 4
5. directly 6. ratio
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
1. False 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. (c)
2 8 4×2 2 15 5×3 3 20 2×10 2
= = = = = =
3 12 4×3 3 20 5×4 4 30 3×10 3
2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (a)
As each ratio is not same, therefore the parking charges are not in a direct proportion
to the parking time.
2. The given mixture of paint is prepared by mixing 1 part blue pigments with 9 parts of
base. For more parts of blue pigments, the parts of the base will also be more. There-
fore, the part of blue pigments & the parts of base are in direct proportion. The given
information in the form of a table is as follows:
Parts of blue pigment 1 5 6 14 20
Parts of base 9 x1 x2 x3 x4
According to direct proportion,
x1 9 x 9
= ⇒ x1 = 5 × 9 = 45 2 = ⇒ x2 = 6 × 9 = 54
5 1 6 1
x3 9 x4 9
= ⇒ x3 = 9 × 14 = 126 = ⇒ x4 = 9 × 20 = 180
14 1 20 1
The table can be drawn as follows:
Parts of blue pigment 1 5 6 14 20
Parts of base 9 45 54 126 180
3. Let the parts of blue pigment required to mix with 1500 ml of base be x.
The given information in the form of a table is as follows:
Parts of blue pigment 1 x
Parts of base (in ml) 60 1500
The parts of blue pigment & the parts of base are in direct proportion.
Therefore we obtain
1 x
=
60 1500
25
1 ×1500
⇒ x =
60 1
⇒ x = 25
Thus, 25 parts of blue pigments should be mixed with 1500 ml of base.
4. Let the number of bottles filled by the machine in four hours be x.
The given information in the form of a table is as follows.
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Given, p = 6q
p 6
Then = = k = constant
q 1
\ p & q vary directly with each other.
2. Given xy = 20
20
x =
y
Hence, x and y vary inversely with each other
Note: Since, in case of y1, y2 are the values of y corresponding to the values x1, x2 of
x, respectively then
x1 y
x1 y1 = x2 y2 or = 2
x2 y1
3. When two quantities p and q are in direct proportion or vary directly, they are written
as x ∝ y.
1
4. x ∝
y
5. If x varies directly as y, then
x
= k (constant)...(1)
y
If x = 13 & y = 52, then
x 13 1 1
= = = k ⇒ k =
y 52 4 4
When x = 5, then from equn (1),
5 5 1
=k⇒ =
y y 4
⇒ 5×4=y×1
\ y = 20
6.
xy = k (constant) ...(1)
If x = 80 & y = 10
\ xy = 80 × 10 = 800 = k
k = 800
25
= = 5 km
5
B. State whether the following statements are True or False.
p
1. False. Two quantities p & q are said to vary directly with each other, if = k (constant)
q
2. False. Length of a side of a square shape box & its area does not vary directly with each
other
e.g.: Let a be length of each side of a square.
So, area of the square = (side)2 = a2
So, if we increase the length of the side of a square shape box then its area increases
but not directly.
3. True
\ Height of a tree = 25 m
Then, its shadow = 15 m
With the similar conditon, if a pole has a shadow of length = 6 m
Let the height of pole = x m
25 x
Then, =
15 6
⇒ 15 × x = 25 × 6 ...(Q by cross multiplication)
25 ×6 150
⇒ x = =
15 15
⇒ x = 10 [Q height & shadow ratio are same]
4.
False
If x and y are in inverse proportion, then
xy = k (constant)
e.g. let x =3 & y=4
then, xy = 3 × 4 =12
Now, x + 2 = 3 + 2 = 5 & y – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2
\ (x + 2) (y – 2) = 5 × 2 = 10 [not in inverse proportion]
Hence, (x + 2) and (y – 2) cannot be in inverse proportion.
5. False
If b varies inversely as t2, then we can write bt2 = k, where k is some constant.
CHAPTER
14 Factorisation
x(5x – 2) 5x – 2
\ (5x2 – 2x) ÷ 3x = =
3x 3
(ii) Dividend = 5y8 – 6y6 + 7y4 = y4(5y4 – 6y2 + 7)
y4(5y4 – 6y2 + 7)
\ (5y8 – 6y6 + 7y4) ÷ y4 = = 5y4 – 6y2 + 7
y4
(iii) Dividend = 12(k3l2m2 + k2l3m2 + k2l2m3) = 3 × 4 × k2l2m2(k + l + m)
3 × 4 × k2l2m2 (k + l + m)
\ 12(k3l2m2 + k2l3m2 + k2l2m3) ÷ 3k2l2m2 =
3k2l2m2
= 4(k + l + m)
(iv) Dividend = y3 + 2y2 + 4y = y(y2 + 2y + 4)
y(y2 + 2y + 4) y2 + 2y + 4
\ (y3 + 2y2 + 4y) ÷ 2y = =
2y 2
(v) Dividend = (p q – p7q9) = p4q5 (1 – p3q4)
4 5
p4q5(1 – p3q4)
\ (p4q5 – p7q9) ÷ p3q4 =
p3q4
= pq(1 – p3q4)
3. (i) Dividend = (14y – 35) = 7(2y – 5)
7(2y – 5)
\ (14y – 35) ÷ 7 = = (2y – 5)
7
(ii) Divisor = 2x – 6 = 2(x – 3)
(x – 3) 1
\ (x – 3) ÷ (2x – 6) = =
2(x – 3) 2
(iii) Dividend = 26m (10m + 35)
= 2 × 13m × 5 × (2m + 7)
= 10 × 13 × m(2m + 7)
10 × 13m (2m + 7)
\ 26m(10m + 35) ÷ 13(2m + 7) = = 10 m
13 (2m + 7)
t(t + 1) (t + 2) (t + 3)
(v) t(t + 1) (t + 2) (t + 3) ÷ t(t + 2)= = (t + 1) (t + 3)
t(t + 2)
5. (i) Dividend = (x2 – 7x + 12)
= x2 – 4x – 3x + 12
= x(x – 4) – 3(x – 4)
= (x – 3) (x – 4)
(x – 3) (x – 4)
\ (x2 – 7x + 12) ÷ (x – 4) = = (x – 3)
(x – 4)
(ii) Dividend = (s2 – 14s – 32)
= s2 – 16s + 2s – 32
= s(s – 16) + 2(s – 16)
= (s + 2) (s – 16)
(s + 2) (s – 16)
\ (s2 – 14s – 32) ÷ (s + 2) = = (s – 16)
(s + 2)
(iii) Dividend = (p2 + 5p – 6)
= p2 – p + 6p – 6
= p(p – 1) + 6(p – 1)
= (p + 6) (p – 1)
(p + 6) (p – 1)
\ (p2 + 5p – 6) ÷ (p – 1) = =p+6
(p – 1)
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. (a – b) 2. 2mn(9 + 5p) 3. 2xz 4. x + 1
5. a2 + b2 6. (x + 2) (x – 2) 7. (2y – 3) (2y – 3)
B.
State whether the following statements are True or False.
1.
False
We have (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab
2. False
We have p2 + 30p + 216 = p2 + (12 + 18) p + 216
= p2 + 12p + 18p + 216
= p(p + 12) + 18(p + 12)
= (p + 18) (p + 12)
3. False
9x – 51 9x 51 51
We have (9x – 51) ÷ 9 = = – =x–
9 9 9 9
4. True
–7a2b2c2 – 5a2b2c2 = (–7 – 5)a2b2c2 = –12a2b2c2
5. False
We have –3a2 + 3ab + 3ac = 3a(–a + b + c)
CHAPTER
15 Introduction to Graphs
UNIT-1: 15.1 Introduction, 15.1.1 A Bar Graph, 15.1.2 A Pie Graph (or A Circle-
Graph), 15.1.3 A Histogram, 15.1.4 A Line Graph, Exercise 15.1
10
9
8
7
Number of days
6
5
4
3
2
1
(b) Population (in thousand) of men and women in a village in different years
Number of Men
16 Number of Women
15
14
Population (in ’000)
13
12
11
10
9
8
1. (a) Y (b) Y
)
)
)
,4
,4
,4
,4
5 5
(2
(3
(1
(4
Q
R
P
S
4 C (3,4) 4
3 B (3,3) 3
2 D (3,2) 2
1 1
A (3,0)
X X
O 1 2 3 4 O 1 2 3 4
All the four points lie on a line All the four points lie on a line
(c) Y
5
4
3 D (2,3) C (4,3)
2
1 A (2,1) B (4,1)
X
O 1 2 3 4 5
All the four points do not lie on a straight line
2. Y
4 W (0,4)
3 (1,3)
2
1 (3,1)
V (4,0)
X
0 1 2 3 4
The line passing through (1, 3) and (3, 1) meets the line x-axis at V (4, 0) and the
y-axis at W (0, 4)
0 1 2 3
Time (in hours)
1. (a) Scale:
Horizontal: 1 unit = 1 banana
Vertical: 1 unit = 3 rupees
Y
15
12
9
Rs)
Cost (in `)
6
3
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of bananas
35
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (in hours, in a.m.)
(i) The distance covered by the bike during the period 6.30 a.m. to 7 a.m. (or in
half hour) = 17.5 km.
(ii) The time when the bike had covered a distance 87.5 kms since its start =
6.30 a.m.
(c) (i) Yes, the graph passes through the Scale:
Y Horizontal: 1 unit = 2000 rupees
origin. Vertical: 1 unit = 70 rupees
(ii) The interest on ` 5000 for a year
350
= 175 rupees.
(iii) 7000 rupees should be deposited
Simple Interest (in Rs.)
280 (8000,280)
`)
70
X
0
2000
4000
5000
6000
8000
2. (i) Y
Scale:
Horizontal: 1 unit = 1 cm
15
Vertical: 1 unit = 3 cm
Perimeter (in cm)
12
X
1 2 3
3.5
4 5 6 7
Side of triangle (in cm)
Yes, the graph is linear.
No, the graph is not linear.
CHAPTER
UNIT-1: 1 6 . 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n , 1 6 . 2 N u m b e r s i n G e n e r a l F o r m ,
16.3 Games with Numbers, 16.4 Letters for Digits, Exercise 16.1