UNIT 1 - CHANGING WORLD 5 ………………………………..

Ex. 3 page 4 Read the article quickly. What two problems caused by the large There is already a lot of litter left by tourists. It also seems that the pleasure and the
number of tourists at Machu Picchu are mentioned in the text? beauty of the place may be spoilt further. Some people are making plans to build a
Ex. 4 page 5 Look at the headings (A-E). Read each paragraph of the text cable car up the side of the mountain and a huge hotel at the top. They say that a
carefully and choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph (1-6) of the cable car is necessary because the increasing numbers of tourists are causing
article. problems. The paths leading up to the ruins are becoming worn away and are in
A. Getting there serious danger of collapse. Bad weather is making the problem worse.
B. Much is still unknown 6 ………………………………..
C. Problems caused by tourists Peru expert, Dr John Hemming, agrees that there is a problem. And he says that a
D. The discovery of Machu Picchu cable car which is completely out of sight could be a great help. But he also says
E. Machu Picchu should be preserved that the plans to build a cable car in full view of the lost city are totally
F. Major Tourist attraction unacceptable. ‘You shouldn't see man-made things there,' he says. A lot of the
Reading - Machu Picchu wonder of Machu Picchu is its isolation.'
1 ……………………………….. GRAMMAR 1 – Present Simple and continuous
High in the Andean mountains, the Inca city at Machu Picchu is Peru's most Ex. 1 page 5 For each of these sentences, choose the correct alternative, present
famous tourist destination. The views are fantastic and the isolated feeling of the simple or present continuous.
whole area is incredible. More and more people are coming from all over the world 1 About 1,000 people visit/are visiting Machu Picchu every day.
to experience its secrets. At the height of the season (in June), around 1,000 people 2 The mountains in Peru are/are being over 4,000 metres high.
visit the ruins every day. 3 I don't understand/am not understanding why people like camping.
2 ……………………………….. 4 We spend/are spending 3 days camping in the mountains next week.
To reach Machu Picchu from the nearby town of Cuzco, you can either take a four- 5 The paths become/are becoming worn away by tourists.
hour train journey or you can go on a three-day trek, sleeping in tents on the way. 6 Do people drop/Are people dropping litter in your street?
You won't be alone on the Inca Trail, however. There are so many tourists 7 She studies/is studying microbiology at university at the moment.
nowadays that it is becoming difficult even to find somewhere to put your tent. 8 I think/am thinking the sea is too dirty to swim in.
Many tourists find the walking difficult, too, because the paths are very high 9 The River Amazon flows/is flowing into the Atlantic Ocean.
(around 4,000 metres) and the air has little oxygen. 10 The number of tourists increases/is increasing fast.
3 ……………………………….. Ex. 3 page 6 Nine of these sentences contain mistakes with the form of the verbs.
When American explorer Hiram Bingham discovered Machu Picchu in 1911, it Find the mistakes and correct them.
was far more difficult. Bingham heard about the ruins by chance and was 1 They are makeing a lot of exciting plans for the future.
determined to find them. But there were no trains, there were many poisonous 2 Linda and Bob is staying with us for a few days.
snakes and it was difficult to get through the dense jungle. When he finally found 3 The world's climate is getting warmer.
the ruins, however, he was amazed and said. It seemed like an unbelievable dream. 4 He don't believe anything I tell him.
‘What could this place be?’ 5 More and more people is using cars these days.
4 ……………………………….. 6 Your town is clean or dirty?
Machu Picchu was probably built in the 1400s. But many questions remain about 7 I'm travelling around Europe for two weeks.
why it was built. One theory is that it was a religious centre. Another theory is that 8 We are developping a new system for paying by credit card
it was a place for observing the sun. Nobody knows, either, what happened to the 9 His phone is no working at the moment.
population of Machu Picchu, or why the Spanish never discovered this city. But 10 My brother studys for three hours every evening.
perhaps part of the pleasure of the place is that so many questions are still 11 My parents go to the cinema at least once a week
unanswered. 12 What you are doing while you're in Lisbon?
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Ex. 4 page 6 Write each verb (in brackets) in the correct tense. Use the present such as picking up litter on beaches. You don’t get paid; in fact, you have to pay
simple or the present continuous. for the holiday, but it’s cheap and, more importantly, extremely worthwhile.
Dear Penny, The location where most of our holidays take place is (2)…….... as an area
Thanks for your letter. It was really good to hear all your news. of outstanding natural (3) ………. However the number of tourists in the area is
My life is a little different from usual at the moment. I (l) ...................... creating (4) ………. such as increased litter and worn out paths. Most of our
(study) very hard because I’ve got some very important exams in three weeks. I participants work hard, make friends and have a (5) ………. and worthwhile
usually (2) ...................... (play) tennis on Thursday evenings and holiday. You need to take care, however because there are a number of potential
(3) ...................... (go) out with my friends at the weekend. But I (4) ...................... (6)…….... These include severe weather conditions and several species of
(not go) out in the evenings at all at the moment. It’s quite boring but I (7) …….... snake. Please look at the enclosed list of things to bring. If you
(5) ...................... (think) it’s important to pass my exams. I (6) ...................... have any (8) …..….. in buying any of the (9) …….... clothes or equipment, please
(want) to go to university next year. do not hesitate to contact us. If you cannot eat certain foods for health or (10)
Another thing that is different from usual is that my cousin, Daniel, is …….... reasons, please write the details on the application form.
here. He’s American but he usually (7) ...................... (live) in Italy with his Ex. 2 page 8 Complete the text and choose the correct form of the word.
parents and he (8) ...................... (speak) very good Italian . He (9) ...................... The Thames Barrier
(stay) with us at the moment because he (10) ...................... (work) here in Los Recently, average annual (1) rainfall / rainy in England has increased by
Angeles for two months. I (11) ...................... (learn) Italian so I about 45%. This is probably because of (2) globe / global warming. The river
(12) ...................... (try) to speak Italian with him as much as possible. Every Thames is, therefore, potentially very (3) dangerous / danger for the (4)
evening, we (l3) ...................... (speak) only Italian. It’s good fun but quite hard! populated / population of London. The last time it flooded was in 1953 when three
Please write again soon.
hundred people drowned.
Best wishes,
After this terrible (5) tragedy / tragic, engineers began work on the (6)
Scott
Vocabulary - WORD FAMILIES developed / development of the Thames Barrier. It has already been raised thirty-
Ex. 2 page 7 Look at the underlined words in these sentences. Are they nouns or one times since its (7) creation / creative in 1982. It is made of huge walls which
adjectives? are the (8) high / height of a five-storey building. The walls stop (9)
1 I think that Florence is a really beautiful city. considerable / consideration amount of water from flooding the city. Soon it may
2 It was a pleasure to meet you! become (10) necessity / necessary to raise it up to thirty times every year!
3 It's dangerous to drive without a seatbelt. LISTENING – Antarctica
4 She doesn't eat meat for religious reasons. Ex. 2 page 9 You will hear four people talking about different aspects of
5 I had great difficulty opening the train window. Antarctica. First, look at the list of subjects (A-D) and the words in the box
6 Don't eat those mushrooms. They are really poisonous. below. For each subject, which two words do you expect to hear?
7 There are positive and negative things about fame. Boat, calories, diet, ecosystem, mountain, sports, temperature, tour
8 I went to a really wonderful place on holiday last year. A. Trips for tourists
9 Bringing a waterproof coat is an absolute necessity. B. Skiing in Antarctica
10 I want to get married in Barbados, but it's problematic. C. Eating enough
Ex. 4 page 7 Complete this text with the correct words from Exercise 2. D. A cold but important place
We have great (1) …..….. in enclosing the information you requested for Ex. 3 page 9 Listen and match each speaker (1-4) with the correct subject in the
the Working Holidays scheme. list (A-D). Use each letter once only.
On a working holiday, you spend your time with a group of people who Speaker 1: ………………
you probably don’t know. Instead of spending your holiday doing nothing, Speaker 2: ………………
however; you can spend your time doing something to look after the environment, Speaker 3: ………………
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Speaker 4: ……………… 5 Would you like a drink? Oh yes, I’ll have/'m going to have water with ice,
please.
Ex. 4 page 9 Listen again and answer these questions. 6 The next tour boat leaves/will leave at 10 a.m. next Monday.
1 How many people live in Antarctica permanently? Ex. 3 page 10 The numbered verbs in this interview are incorrect. For each one,
2 In the winter, what can the lowest temperature be? decide which form is better.
3 What happens when the ice melts in Antarctica? Do you do any classes in the evenings or at weekends? What classes do
4 What are two dangers of falling into the sea in Antarctica? you do and what time are they?
5 How high is the highest mountain in Antarctica? 'Yes. I (1)’ll have guitar lessons on Mondays at 7.30. I (2)’ll do karate on Saturday
6 On the pyramid diet, how many calories should you start by eating? mornings. The class (3) is starting at 8.30 in the morning. As soon as I (4)’ll get
7 On the pyramid diet, mostly what kind of food should you eat? up, I have to go usually without any breakfast!’
GRAMMAR 2 - Future Forms Have you made any plans or arrangements for this weekend?
Ex. 1 page 9 Look at the examples below and complete the rules by writing will, 'Yes, I’ve arranged to see my best friend on Saturday. We (5) meet at 2 o'clock and
going to, the present simple or the present continuous. then we (6) go to the cinema. After that I’m not sure, we (7) probably go for
1 Oh, I know! I’ll buy him a book about Antarctica. something to eat.'
2 Don't worry. I'm sure you'll have a great time. Have you decided what to do for your next holiday?
3 Her train arrives at 5.30 in the morning! 'No. I haven’t thought about it yet ... umm ... I think I (8) ’m getting some
4 Oh no! Look! He's going to fall in the water. information about different places. Perhaps I (9) go to my local travel agent later or
5 I'm going to get up early and pack my suitcase then. maybe I (10) 'm going to look on the Internet.'
6 As soon as I arrive, I'll phone you. How do you think your life will be different in five years’ time?
7 We're meeting at 10.00 on Saturday morning. ‘I don’t know what job I (11) have then. I think I (12) 'm living in the same city
 Decisions, plans and arrangements and I (13) 'm definitely still playing football!’
A. We use ………………. to talk about decisions made at the moment of UNIT 2 - TURN UP THE MUSIC
speaking. Ex. 2 page 14 Read the article quickly. When was music first sent into space?
B. We use ………………. to talk about decisions made before the moment of READING - Is there music on Mars?
speaking. POP BAND BLUR IS GOING INTO SPACE. Their music, at least, is
C. We use ………………. to talk about plans and arrangements. going to the planet Mars. The idea came from Blur's drummer Dave Rowntree and
 Predictions bass player Alex James. When they heard about a new space expedition to Mars,
D. We use ………………. to predict future events based on what we know or they decided they wanted to be part of it too. And thanks to project director, Colin
believe. Pillinger, they now are.
E. We use ………………. to predict future events based on what we can see or Pillinger is director of the Mars Express Mission and he decided to send
hear now Beagle 2 into space as part of the project. Beagle 2 is a small 'lander' which is put
 Timetables down on the surface of Mars to look for signs of life. It also sends a message back
F. We use ………………. when we are talking about timetables. to Earth to tell the scientists that it has arrived.
 After some time phrases Blur wanted their music to provide this message and Pillinger was very
G. We use ………………. after some time phrases (when, as soon as, etc.) pleased to accept their offer. The media interest in the band would mean good
Ex. 2 page 9 Choose the best verb form in each sentence. publicity and more money for the project. Blur wrote and recorded a track
1 I have/'m having a holiday in Antarctica next month. especially for the project. Alex James of Blur said that the music was based on a
2 He goes/'s going to go on a working holiday next year. mathematical sequence and a mixture of tracks from Blur's '13' album, including
3 Look at the sky. It will snow/'s going to snow today! 'No Distance Left to Run'.
4 In the next few years, the sea level rises/will rise faster and faster.
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 This isn't the first time that music has been sent into space. In 1977, the A because they thought they would like it
Americans launched spacecraft Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. They wanted to send B because it is easier to understand than maths
something into space in order to help aliens understand what it was like to be a C because they thought they could hear it better than words
human being on planet Earth. The experts decided that the best way to D because it is probably the easiest way of communicating
communicate with aliens was with music. They compiled a disc of 87.5 minutes of 5 What does It refer to in line 47?
'Earth's greatest hits'. A human feeling
There were a number of reasons why music was chosen, and not words or B human culture
pictures. Firstly, music is based on numbers and it is easy to analyse in C maths
mathematical terms. Because mathematics is the most universal of languages, D music
aliens would probably understand maths (and therefore music). Secondly, the 6 What does the writer say about the music on the disc?
experts felt that music expressed human feeling better than anything else. It could A It definitely contains the greatest music on Earth.
also represent every human culture on Earth. Every society has its own distinctive B Different people will feel differently about the music.
music to express its happiness, sadness and pain. C Not enough different instruments were included.
Variety was the main criterion for choosing what music should be D It won't stay in space for long enough.
included. The committee chose songs from all over the world. Different Ex. 4 page 16 Match the definitions (1-6) with the correct word associated with
instruments were included, such as pipes and drums. From the Western classical the pop music industry in the list.
tradition, they chose music by Beethoven, Mozart and Stravinsky. Were these Album lead singer number one band single the charts
really Earth's greatest hits? The answer is, of course, a matter of opinion. They will 1 a musical CD with one or two songs on it - …………………
at least be the longest- lasting hits from Earth. The disc is made of very strong 2 a musical CD with a group of songs on it - …………………
metal so that it will last an extremely long time - probably up to 1,000 million 3 the person at the front in a musical group - …………………
years.
4 a group of musicians who play together - …………………
Ex. 4 page 15 Read the questions and the options below. For each question,
5 a list of the popular records every week - …………………
choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.
1 What did the two members of Blur want to do? 6 the song in the highest position in the list of popular records - …………………
A They wanted to go into space. USE OF ENGLISH - Key Word Transformation
B They wanted to send their music into space. Ex. 1 page 18 Which of the pairs of sentences below are similar in meaning and
C They wanted to become directors of a new space project. which are different?
D They wanted to write a song called 'Planet Mars'. 1. 'Do you want to buy that CD, John?' asked Marian.
2 What is Blur's music going to be used for? Marian asked John if he had bought that CD.
A to tell scientists that the 'lander' has reached the planet 2. My friend says that it's necessary to get to the concert by 7 p.m.
B to entertain any life forms on the planet My friend says that we don't have to get to the concert by 7 p.m.
C to keep scientists happy 3. I started playing the guitar five years ago and I still play it now.
D to create publicity material for the project I played the guitar for five years.
3 Why did the Americans send music into space on Voyager 1 and 4. Their second album is better than their first one.
2?
Their first album isn't as good as their second one.
A to create a friendly atmosphere for the aliens
B to help locate any alien life forms 5. Someone stole my CD player while I was sitting on the bus.
C to communicate with life on other planets My CD player was stolen while I was sitting on the bus.
D to test how far away you can hear music 6. I left the house early so that I wouldn't be late.
4 Why did scientists choose music to send to aliens? I left the house early in order not to be late.
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7. 'Are you coming to the party?' Sally asked Mel.
Sally asked Mel if she was coming to the party.
8. When I was a child, I played the violin every day.
When I was a child, I used to play the violin every day.
9. That CD player is too expensive for me.
That CD player is cheap enough for me.