fer-L “| HALOALKANES _(patoct rane) Holoatkane vs the hate gen derty oteive o & oleae rere Obtained by ceplactre aueThydrogen atoms CS Methyl Chloride. Gis CHa o CHT CMe Crt ON ¥ Bo Methyl 2 Chore ge gnt fso- Pentyl chlorides ——}———cH so 7 rc C H,- cl Cc Cea ee ee seta a 27 = i etn hateyene atom’: as i oe Nomen claturg aa ~~ eommon syster Tverne [ CH3- ct + 8 Tupac: Chloremetnant ____Class’ Heaton of holeatkan | Based on type ef ca grou? vs bonded. Primary haloatkane Ce Heto group bended with primary pl Ger ary Carbo onty). jeg. CH. cl B —__ DW secondary hatoateane (2°) _ eee | Hatoe rove bended with secondary ¢a einen \Cseconaary cer bon > bended wil ry heloalkane (3°) opreup banded wth tertk CTertaxy carbons) bendea w othes carbons) ce} 1 Cit, ~CW@—CHeg th _ 6 aty | Carbon HireeCH3- CH, — CH, CHg- cH—cH,-cl 1 | CH 5 B) positron tsowerfom = Pi} Same molecular formula but aifferent positron _ 2 Jer subctftveut grove 1 fo har ete ere) | CHg ~ cH—cHs, | v 7 | { | ct : E GA Ciatatecatton of (R x} based on no of i hategeus fr molecules © Mononate atkanes >) Centaiy ane wale gen atem Ie By ;@ ! @ | Ot natoattanes 2 iContain tue halogen atom, a) Vietmat dthatides lwo hotegen atom attacked te adjaceut | carbon afem | eg. CH, — ct J r v Fr . et cl {| ») Ctewtuel Afnatrdes. iE I Boh halogen atonis attached -fo sant carbon | atom. eq. Siten tt al| poly me Huy (evo dfhatides : 2] THO watogen atoms are attached to |termimal carbon atoms of choty. 2 = ~ Eg Cie Be = CHa a Cte : By. nee —Ofpeignateattone, 2] ® Coutatn more than two halogen atoms, —_29 CHCl, Prepare tPor of Heocttranwc. | Fron Aleavws. q — i a | RH % Sunligit S Rx Tr He} ik eee + foHS CHa CH +c) | I ik eis CH CH, CHA Cy + He) ai CHy + BF, —S 5 CH, Br + HBr. a CH, (He, + T | 2 ACH CHE 4 E, — ane el chatn enn —_—— | ~ e | CHy + cl, et CHCl EHC] i _ J SMa Cl + Cl ——s cre, ec] as | ctheh + Che > Hela ttc) a | Clore Form) iy aTG] By reactor between alters and hateac td / ziWhen hydrogen hatide ts added tm atleone a] Wheo 6 unsymmetrteat reagent: ts added +o _ Hy drogen BD nwottde Noajmatleane ts formed. CH, = CH, +t Hel > CHty—cH gg Cl CHa CH SCH ety “tf HBr. City — CHa CHT Hy Br Harkovntteov'!s rule JUnsymmatricel aleeva, Chon He *Ve Part of reagent Ogecs te that double bonde a carbon ef atkene which nave Kiqnes + no. of | hydrogen and —ve part of reagent gees io | orecr Carbon hha 1 wo lowest no. oF Hy a % £4. CHa = Ch = Cty HELE AuH- Markounikov's rule sites thor unsymmetrical recqenth fs added (© Unsymme cat atkencs tn pres ence of organ te perortde, | Hen ve part of re Yerk Ge es Uith unsatore Cay bon _ be artus Mminitmom no.of MWYdreyen, {orm ct ve part froes with unsaturated ICarbon having “Mm an™ noe. ny cre gan ot aera_Heohol.and hydrogen nat to. when heeted with are yen hottde in presence of ancl C lucost remy Sy ene fs formed. ‘ wach 5s CH ci tte + cu, = 7 + cy enthe y CHa-cH-es tg ents t Hoe HC) BB cH coe tHe i “ eee ere Hy \Reactfon tetween tx 3° alconal ang Wy drogen hattde doosut needs cottlyst i because ferHory Batcohol Ps Wiguey 4 tt —___lreacttve ae Serle q © oe Charon tier CHa-T+ Heo a a Aeaian bet" alcohol ang hy drogen Towfae | doeskt needs catelyst because hyarogen © * yas wo 7 ———focide \¢ ey most veactfve faleacta. eee espe Aart ibe ; a —_O] fren rx" between alcohol and phosphorus oh __IThatide or tefony | CWlorS de C sock, ) a —___7 Aleehe! when heated With phos pherus ° YY f = [hoki de aes or thon yl Chiorfde , heloolkane | Forno. _ 7 i ¥ T= ty oT OH PR Clan 85 enece pared: tt Poth, t Hes : = oe (Presphoryt = pee chtor?de eae =per Kt e Ge, —= > CH aoc, 8 EHP Os | Poe, oe | Rt To PTs _ i Crt,—Cty —OM + PTZ—>——> CH atcoual CHy-CH,- 6H +900, - [Chemical propertfes of hoteateant. IWucee philic cubct! tutto beh Tr hotwoticane, bond between car hategen #8 nigly potar and east | ndergoes| fa) Reaction Twtth og. KOM ar MeOH. = IHatocticane lof _KoH /Neort psicehol fs forrmeds otiscoctaton,. Fo haloatkane eastlyy undergoes nucleo ptl'c substi te Hon 6x, = wen 'react with aqueous goluhon Rok 4+ aq. KOH ——> Rov tex Cratoatkane) sy eeie a eatn lea, cf +aq. KOH ——? CHy-oH tee] cz -Ch Ye 3 [Lette —e He —Pye ct ay feo ——> CHtg- CHO (tk By City Hc = Tt aq Ron oy cH TOE t eos : MR acral ccesteatalgrats netcl” ef Nall ©Y KCN, ts formed. = nen De t CN - CHa CHa 7 aa Seen all ace Ethyl cyanide Propanttres tte, — pie +e resuetiiv of alkylcyantde give pa SESESED? peers amine, | = re 7 at eer [Rocen ty, “ES Rood une ! [2 amtue. CH, =cEy typ Hal, cH, —c Ha= NHa Wiper dydrotysts of alkeyleyaut «2, a 2 In presevice ef Conce H cl, kyl cyantas (ae func qoes gocr hak hy dra 64 ets fo a 3} [Recen t too See BSS = Coue- HC 7 -— — __ ao CEN +H,0 een,= Complete @ hydroty sto et Peteyt spare ee zion presence ef qtlute mel, Heyl cyanhte _pundergoes_Comprete hyctrolysts to give — pee oe actd, CH OM =I + Ag cw —s _ #6) e Reduction of Al suileecganise _gtves af ioe mre. Tee -N2C Hy ee R- Sitetare ebay poe]: 2 Hmine. pet [ee 1 ~ Jetta C+ CH BSCS > pe Nur He chs|Pme ident Nveleopiite. Hate RxN wir KNOror NoNO | Hateathaue when rescted with aqueceg \— Naver of CVO Mee | viosite fs forved — R%¥ + ENO) ——> R-O-N=O + KK, akg | wiih hee CH, Bv 4 NaNO, — > CHs-O7N=O0 + FE By. Ren woth BgNOr a Hatocteaue won reacted with stiver witrate, aitroctisane fs forned: coh R-x + AgNO. —— R- NOL + Pron Hig SA CHy-CHy cl 4 Ogre, —9 CHa CH, Nucleopisie with has more than one Sf Catom ) for bondi ruc leopnie <3 : < Rx with sedicm alfeoxrde pets CWiliiamson Sy uth sts) patois Hroalkane cubed Freated wi Ha ia Sh eteoholic solvuton ef sedfum ou ox tae oo ether is obfolvad. THs tyee of :. ts called as williamson Syateests. R-X + RONG CHa- Be + CKZ0NA <> Cet,-0- CHat Neos sedtum pethorsag meee |[PBR Ry v mot Cig CHa ONG CMe ares ethory thant. ey with silver oxide. Haletlkare oo hen Wwaokect w te de. 4 2 ofhor 8S formed? as ub when moist Ss akcored 1S formed Ser oride “react w [agen + #= x > Age a Re -OH + 83 Br eet Ices - | cx “page - 5 CH 3 et ByOH OG C=O OAT Lal Ren wer © cee iene ts treated Elimination ox". orate (core (ic OH ete oleae ondergees at hydro hatogenetton | to | give otf RON eee eel Eee et —— CHa-CHe-cl = ace Ce = CK aot «el pact CH -8 eth Ga, Ct eHg—ctla Ct Be FT CTGe oonen sheve ts more thou eve stdo AD e : 5 mulHpie bond tocmatten, MUL ele beng a Gees with moh wyet Subs Heted ~ acbon atom. mis cole fs catled as Sayteett rule. fits is CHy- CH CH=CH, CESS CHy-C ach C) 1 Br =a. @ Reduc hon PLT EEE tS [Rm x + Cee JMS ROH tex, [CHs— Br ety Mo (Hy + HBr, a oF atl dae Chg CT Cy Bee, CH 3° CH tHE Ee) Werte Ben. aa |Hetonteane when wected wit codgem more in presence of ethey, afaua [navivg double no. of carbon Po ‘foreed | | R= Xt 2nNa + K=~R ee ie R- Fro Mex bee + 2NO + Br HCH Soc i +2 Nabe, ee eerie tana ater esPee with maguestum CO When hotect(caue . Teceseuce of etter, alkyl mag ves catled as gérrignacd reagent @ Q- K+ Mg Her, emg XK 8 ge ck CU Mg EEE Chg Cl fet cere “cle My ar cH, CH= Fy IL tee 7 Wortnat of methane By cron aioe + HC) CHy HP og cHycig tRCI a, AUVs cucler Hel Ts cidore form Ol From ethanol or acetone C Lalg Preparation ), 5 [Ethanol or acetone When heated With paste? ble aching poweder, cltoreform ts lobtaine d. |CaOcls + H,0 —2—> CaCot)at Cle Te ethanol ts used, 2 + ||oH,—cH,-on + cl, —*—> cHy- E- H#o«< Hoy S i (ec etotde hyde) = _|| Coxtaattou gs rete) 4 2 Ct ~ Bs CHa 2 HCl —2—> CClg-E -H te | ; CMtovinetion). Cettovet) 3 . 4 | ex cy c= H+ Caco), 2 5 CHCI34 H Coop se et concn torr | TR acehone Ys use. 4 —— 7 — = é 2 5 - 1 I PCC Cm CH tty a cH Co A “Mg ct Cacot), SCH CIs + Cts cool te Gotetom excatee) sof Clore form, a et Soluble Mn HL 0 — —___ = 61CCHCls + On We COCK, Phosgene C Cav oo ay! Chtor ‘at + Ke! 7| Tn erder fo reduce Chances. “of oxfdorton ; pc ktor lis stored tn dark brown bette and com plerel fyiied uel the brim. ee ee >| [Vergy ¢ math amount ef ethanol added : er order fo ico utate uv jy sate nen: Clove for wr jpetsomevt hosqeve Ctf forned [peisoners etry corbenote i Le [recog ety OE = Eo gz emai —Ocy woe | H die Hy 1 parenvedgy oO Rx with nitic Acta ; al a . Cc. Nitti’ 2 | Clove fore vida con’ i . ced urchin lactd, cd itth 1S vsed [fn fear Ge Olax corey caters | cutore Forwn when [presence of KOH, core tore Fs obtetetd, jooidicn fs react PH cece fone 4 used as AYpneht drug J oO° ees gue a ee [ets e—city CHtcts == Potess tow fowart fs @ Redvenfon. eee ede [Heo = CHels t CHI AR Het Kel Coompiate) [rely + CH BIC CH oly + Hel CpexHel)Rx with phenol [Retmer — > CMoreform when heated with Pp Presence of aquecvs Kon, @ Soticytder fs forme a. a on ~ | 9 ov ae oe “+ cHdls teou We, {OC 4 cash | Soifeyidetoyaa, ore me ate “ ite arate test) | RM with primary Arve Coarby | Ctloreferm when heated wht prima in presence of atcoroitc con /offencive _ lodour ts obtieived due to formation of — Lisecgantde. : 1 | 1 | Pelcl, + RNY, Kot Bert, Pamive eee nO eal) wenn ter oH OS, HZ - NEC HR PCH CL 5 53 « e290 mee | _ | Cee ont ce demir ) mete iySe cpa ae. | eta 7 c {| & + CHCIg+ KO wet, o*= £KC +H.O I 6 ase o=es i ' amines doesnt ves i Mote! 22 and 3 S - le tve cher b glam ve tes. SO, — et ee is i : ° 2 andue a r Aree Prom t | | to Lf Hage ish primary aw i