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Learnit Series 14 May 2022

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132 views134 pages

Learnit Series 14 May 2022

Uploaded by

Justin Francis Briggs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Porat’ att ilo} Handbook gee Nes a) AND VIDEOS TO . DOWNLOAD! i a a j Fm a Am Ta Em En i) =r) be} > WRITE CATCHY HOOKS. > TEAR GENRES APART > BUILD A TRACK WITH THEORY Pera SIC The Producer's MUSIC THEORY Handbook HOW TO USE Weve gota new systemfor dowloading fle Whenever youseethiscon youcan ‘grb thefes on your PCor Mac by going Toflesiocouldcomputermusic “Tura featuring tis on make wieofourommemPlugns fed utallabouttnemat bavlemplgins ‘Thisicon meansthere acta fee tobelp ou follow a tutorial feature: jects audio examples. et ‘Theres exra video content wherever youssethisicon Baek Bara MUSIC THEORY Where to getem PRINT ZINIO instore andonine forPC Ma, And Pact more iOS APP STORE GOOGLE PLAY ferBeaieronekiPogtoyen fant & Crome x PCMac welcome The term ‘music theory’ is known to strike fear in the hearts of computer musicians, conjuring up images of stuffy classrooms, clusters of confusing musical notes and incomprehensible languages. However, with all this music-making power sitting on your hard drive, there's no excuse not to fully grasp the fundamental building blocks of music. Yes, you can get by without any theory skills... but how much better would with gusto and tickle those ivories with purpose? a ‘So if words like ‘A mega: and ‘inversions fill you compendium Of Biarresmeaes n Weve cherry-picked the music theory from the pages of Computer Music and guide created specifically for the computer-based producer - to bring you this mega-compendium of And if our step-by-step guides aren't enough, you also. gain access toa treasure trove of digital in, register issue 81 and get downloading, Not only can you follow along with formats, but you can even download Computer Music's exclusive em Plugins and effects created by the industry's best software developers. your tracks be if you could program those MIDI notes ‘chords, scales, modes finest tutorial features Future Music - each music theory knowledge content, available from FileSIlo - simply log tutorial files in audio, MIDI and video collection - over 80 virtual instruments ENJOY THE BOOKAZINE Joe Rossitter Editor The Producer’s MUSIC J HEORY Handbook contents THE PRODUCER'S GUIDE TO CHORDS AND SCALES, PLAY KEYBOARD LIKE APRO HOW TO WRITE PERFECT HOOKS, GENRE-BUSTING MUSIC THEORY MUSIC THEORY MADE EASY ARRANGEMENT WORKSHOP BITESIZED THEORY TIPS AND TRICKS GETINSPIRED WITH THEORY REMIXINGINKEY SUBSCRIBE WRITE PERFECT HOOKS ARRANGEMENT WORKSHOP. MUS REORY we Your FileSilo downloads ue 81 to acc NSC lsicims s your content Plugins Dee See N ane ener ET peared Cee eet ay Nemec ce Ce pose ees Coens Peer) ees Se Toy ite downloads tomat eerie Get started Tutorial Videos BT) gt lo) PUT ec eee el rol TE ou RR re WOU with our expert video guides Pie eat Meee U Rete foam eet nog for distal eee eet =e ! Seeteisenany feeders Oot Neen eae atta Crone teat cg (0) beseteotiestce eter eee Lv deere ee Serer pert Eee ets O3 ernest Pert e eee pee ed cee er etenng Penge Serpe eee eet >makemusicnow - - Weseeelelseleserecr-per fare] Anunforgettabe vocal melody. A moving Popper caret ey ereieerer teres ro Preees ete ere ha Bret rca) Pom Sor eT ER ee are gee eee en eee ed Prone ce era ta ee eer rete een arena Perea ‘Tokeep yourlisteners coming back or just Eee mene ene NE) eee Pema eer am nett’ Perera trees et Moe Te ie eit Bore eet cr ere re io) eet at sy ee eet ee reer an eee ery ere ee eee See eon ra es Soot eerie are eae ote tern erent Citoc re ect eee rat Ne a] eee enn rey ey eee ee ements ee ee ed Pent Lane et ens ree eas eres te ee tn rere nen ne umm kiran ‘Asifthats nt enough. webring you the CM. Cuenca uretoay Pere een eed Include our scale templates that show you which Poesia aac s ae] > make music now / ‘| Notes, octaves and intervals Before fumbling around with chords and scales, let's getagripon the stuff theyre ‘made up of:notes and intervals. There are only alferent notes, ancl they repeat. Way up the plano keyboard (or plano rolD. ‘The plano s easy to visualise, withone key ‘per note, but music theory principles work thesame for every Instrument. Whichever nete you start on. f you goup ‘notes rom there, youre back where you started, paying the same nate, but one octave! higher -itsounds te same but higher pitched. |nadation. the pitch ference between adjacent notes is always the same, called a ‘semitone’ (asoknown as ahaltzone or minor second). A ference in pitch between two otesiscaledan Interval -sofar weve Covered ony two intervals: the octave and thesemtone. It all begins with aC The I2notes renamed C.C.D.D.E.F.FL.G.G. ‘A. andB After that the sequence starts over tC. as we've reached the octave point. ‘means sharp’ ands essentially shorthand for pls semitone, teling us that isthe note Immediately above Afr example Notes with ‘no sharp symbol-C,0,€,F.G,A, Bare called raturaf notes andar the white keys ona plano. The blackkeysare C.D. F, Gand At Notice that /C and E/Fhaveno sharp note between them, Also, rather than Dis consideredthe default or Ts’ note in musle theory. not, ‘Somenotes leada shady double, asthe fivesharp notes can aso be described as Nat, the symbol for which is, meaning'minus semitone’ So canbe called Bor example — ‘ame note diferent name! The fullrun using flats would be-C,0.0,6-6,F-F.6,4.A,8,B. fyouretindingithard to taken, just get comfortable with the sharp naming scheme st “Most music software uses ony sharps anyway, the mj Lets earitervasin ation Loa Dune cMina nw project sleet preset 3:Fat Saw ase Rs Volume {025% topreventclppnathenlbad IntervalDemenld on fs vac Pay it second between Cand estas meade Intervals (scenang anddescening Dayedtogeten. tena short 10 s0tomake sure our tutorials translateto your Software, we're going touse sharps prety much throughout even where they might be considered wrong‘ raditional music theory) Let’s go after the interval Neti look the therntervals- weve put a tableof the inevalstom Oto over onthe topthand side ofthe page notes lye one after the other make imetode ava and ne mater mich the motes you ploy at ts the sme terval we'd Jostealt ascending or descending When the hots arepayedat he same tne, tats armani ert ach ner vais sown sud. The unison an oetave neva sun very clear since theyreplayng te exact samenote=n0, Surprise However henextclarestare he 7 ands-serfone tera knowns a ertect ft ana perfec four the tezsontortisnaming ft become clear son ll help massiv Neat the 4-and-semitone intervals named major thre and minor third - aso sound musically salstying, witha happy’ and ‘ad fel respectively. Memorsing each interval and being able toientty them by ear wil help ‘massively in making music, anda common tick tohelp wththis sto associate each interval with the opening nates ofa welFknown tune Formore, see bitlyintervalld eae “Thispairing sounds ute "darc.and herman nteraliskind faring onitsoun Selec al notes andmove them up one steotoDrorazsemtone Interval Gmajor second, whicnsounds lessnarsh butt natthat musically Pleasing, Now mare the Ds Up oD this ‘semitone ntrval amir tir eat more satsying with osaa serous quay. Durr soundsmore tke sean essen vm 0 AUNTY oe mn oe eM me vom TTT se TT ‘The semitone malor third also Scunds very tenable wth ahapoy upbeat qualy Ther are womorestand ‘utintervats and semitones ced perfectiouth and perfect th Ace thepurest most oud sound aitiless ‘voeatvethan the minor and mer a ‘Seecur bonus vse (toring ou wy Semeinervalssoundmore natal the producer's guide to chord: make music now < Major scales Ascalelsasetofnotespickedtomthe full2, onary noteand selecting notesusinga pattern (or lab notes. anit coinies exact with the nde most base theevomate se, ‘taemitone not andtone note teas whitekeysonthe Keyboard Thats because Containeaii2notes Trenoteyoustartihe 2242224 Checkout Fig2ioseewnat we musi theory and keyboardshavebeen Scaleon- calede-root-givesthescalelts mean-thenotesmeve selected forthescsle designed around the moor sale ‘ame Fig shows athenotes oe Seinredandtneones wehavertaretn whe, The portant thing remember that Chromatescae stacked together on piano FigSshows our complete Cmajorscale,_Wsthe 2242224 pattern that creates a major fon soyoucan ietalsetheset of moter CDEFGABC TheCmajorscalenasnosharp Scale socancentateonthat ist Youcan {ous never normaly play athe notee Teanthe nates a ou 90. tke this) The nal octave nate ls rs te Every scalehas its own sound and Inctaded or completaness there arent fecling ane the major seas upbeat ctuly two es nthe sel. HE poy inchroctr There ras Making musiewith tne cremate VS rorescolesto se. ofcourse, and thats scale cansoundrather er mm when things constrttogetcontusing fxperimental What we really wantls 2 ‘Tomoke yourife case we've prepared Sale set of notes hat pay ce HERE trecoumtoiconstructon kt witin ts together and te mast tundamental femmes |—_«sU0 Tutorial Files s paced th — scaler this isthe major scale ke MID scales and chords to guide you ‘most normal scales, tcontans seven let’ try tnow and se what the major diferent aotes Webulditby starting Everymajorsateuesthesamepattemotntrvallamps:2242224 scale can do! > ets wate an vpeat 03 p09 00 How rete fourbar Mot cpsonthe How you use tes cps sage ‘wath cmajr scale Load Bestway ‘Bass an Meloy ack, anaimport Geponas on your DAW software but Ina aeopm project oop. then ces ‘mupt Construction Kits» Major heres aretnodtorAbeton Live Sct a Mil wack name sealed Load Templatemid songs hose cps. ‘he notes capy them then paste en ‘hm with Bate Mana Dune Cth Dont play tethough- stor use ase Intothe Bs MDI cp starting atbar5- presets O2Basses-Ark Sawer Punch Visual guideline cy Rletutessustaned {sis ouside ofthe cps top pots 50 Sha M0:Symhstabe RH Put Reverbeate hoteson ony thenates fhe Cajon ‘wetnever ner the notes ithe sma CGtontne Meso wack sett Bassa Sale Weve nuded tons of scales ‘ucheadphonesieonGustupoor tof Msody wack ives to 44d aed 1808, Ihstormat and we use them Brought {he planored enabled decench nate anaput 16 Froter ent maser bus. outta from C304 hear the mator scale >Major insights Youreusingit-andcheckot ne Intervals we showed you inthe prevous {Utoras 4 semitanes major tha), emitenes pete! fourth and Semitnes Gerfet fh Youcan see how they got the numerical porto thee ‘ames ow toa a they arth tea fourtnandtth ates of themalor scale! ‘ InAbeton ve youcan cick ine Fold S Reoeatstens3-4tost up thecmajor Now move te notes onthe das rack butontohide at notes that dont template on te Moa track and foborstsarenusedonc.e.FthenG. havea Mb noteaready snow welsee frown your ownmaody Wen youre foracommon ytsatsting sequence nly henotesinc maior prtect To. ‘tone trying tou program our ate Weeven base the sustained mast Provide a foobroot backing for our Sbove weve tured the Fol funetion notes of ur msloayonthese| ‘eld. programa bssine using ort the horen case youre using ferent DAW. Foot noe 2-arepeatingpatternof one This melody usesallseven notes he ‘gine then two TOU notes wil Work major sete so you can ear theses fatrangeoftonatty and how tsounes eanctneroot note. C nthe bass > make music now / ‘! Speakinamaorkoy tbiy/oSmaer Major vs minor Inthis page's tutorials, weshow Yyouhow using aminor scale Instead ofa major one can totally transform the eet of apiece of ‘muse. Finding the scale that conveys our musical intentions Istmportant then. ‘The major scales generaly the cholee for anupbeat, nappy. ‘ound, while minor scales offera more serious, downbeat, sad vibe. ‘Therearemany exceptions of course, butif youre wondering ‘why your dark DnB bangers sound way light. or vourhappy hhardeore tunes are Mat out Sepressingitmaysimply come ‘downtoknowing your major from Yyour minor. To get anidea ofthe Siference't makes, check out these famous songs transformed ‘between major and minor viathe magic of software: DBietyIMastentaIN ‘By the way.therearea couple cotvariations onthe standard or ‘natural'-minor scale coveredon {hispage. Wellgettothem tater ‘oninthearticle. 3. The minor me major minor ] > loadabascsytpatchsucnas Dune {its o3:stingSecuon thenimport EMmajorcMinormiTscontans batnscles plyedin order soyoucan et ‘Rocke oftotnacles notes some can compare them Major ses the semione 2422 Socminorisc0.0'F GG anda! > Gitsenunnerofuscctoy neve Sho got ODFane tn hesamesee—= tearoom proper mise theory! we befits stena we get DE Re A ‘ngs net alphabets Most mac fungus ale, and how it relate (mares | ‘major Cminor > notes are one semitone lower Oe, they srefiatened These notes are tereore ‘eytotnesoundat btn scales it you ‘ethermalornorminer! The rd ote ‘moststronply dines temajminor ‘cin bengammajor ted semones ‘romraob or minor third Sremstones). 2 Inne minor sea her th and major ‘Aminor Ly, > rites Sctne miner se footnote becomes A making Amos ‘Emaorana Aminor se he exact sme notes Clthe wite keys 0 youkrow Emaoroukrow Aminr=tstartonA ae majr sale emo and ater to use theminor scale gvingita whole new fee, Fotow step tthe caterer 0 Setup the plugins then import Bassi SnaMelodyamié ote tat respective trees Tissongisinc major solets use ‘ur MDI Consnicton kit toshow us the 1 'S Weregoina totale he tune rom ur 2 2 S, Geatea new mibtchannelcates Scale Gugehenimport > Sales» CMajorstackimidortot etenang te ‘ter toftour bare Were goungto ise {histo fin atch notes rom our esting (Ciajrsealearentin te Cmior sea ‘ou DAW Studio Ores wecan settings Spsovie can see-butnot edt the minor otthesclearetenedby enesertone the minor fhe Sale Ge rack andcroptemasemtone Select all fcaurences of notes Aand B. ardsie ‘hom downone semitone te her eur tone ‘akeon ales lyand more sereustet 3 > seieintht tne Sr hana 7 notes Chord basics ‘Soar we've lokedat playing singlenote melodies wth bassline underneath, Pay a bunch of notes together though, and you ‘create ich musica textures: ehords The most basicchords arethree-notetrlads.and theyre ‘ead easy to bul First weneed ascale- we've goingtouse “Cmajor butt work nthe same way foray ‘other scale. including minor ones. Now we pick ‘2reot note forthe chor then altematly skip ‘ena pick notes unt we have tree of ther Numeral theformulais #35. Sofor tefist chordinG, wed pick these notes in bol CDEFGAB That gives CE. The other triads inCmajor are DFA. E-GB,FAC, GBDACE, -D-imtotal that's seven chores, which we can number 17 for reference, The tree notes of ‘tad are caled rot third ana Now takea goodlookat the chords'intervals ~see sep 3 below.Chords (C£-6), 4 F-A-O) and5 (G--D) allhave amar thirds thei fest Interval whichmakes them major chords! We i make music now < name them € major, Fmajor and G major -or simply C,Fand ‘Chords 2(D-FA).2 (E-G-B) and GACH are ‘minor chords - that’ right, chords based onthe Imajr scale arent necessary major chords. We {althese D miner, Eminor and A minor, also knowin asm, Em and Am ‘We canalzo use a formula based on semitones tocreate any mar or minor chord, Major 'sroat major thd fit, so reet-47. Minor onthe ‘other hand, soot minor third ith: foot 3: Chord 7 (@-D-P ica bit cliferent, es made of {wominor thirds stacked up. ands called ‘diminished or Bei, Dimnishes chords re ‘often used create moments of tension that ‘re resolved to amore harmonious oF stab" ‘hor, such as chord. Fr the walkthrough below, well take you through tin video form, Lets isthe most base chords triads and use them na or progression Load Dune CMon a MDL Frstrument track inyour DAW, ad select ‘he O22-Earth ViewsRL preset Load ‘Beatny onan aud track and set empo {o10Obpm We‘ or MDI tstinesnowngyouow ts sone Seay Lets aneohtrehord sequence “create anew MDI alptrom bast, {and oop Fo bars 3. program chard Emthen Fle wnt a tunaroun nba 4 tobsngusbacktochore, candacassic Fahtbetorei-gongtrom chor to isa ‘verystong proresion ands {echncaty caleg apertectcadence So ‘rogram cords Am an ring this ba ‘nthe dune CM track, crate four bar MI staring bar 1p tnensmport €>Seales> CMajr- All otesim starting bar Slot both Sips and double clk theme open the ack of notes a iil gue or chek ‘heealapse medeleon stg ofthe View rondo tres ogannig ove used athe ras except chord bm ana tra pesky 8 clminishes turing bars5-8. Program barsotC Em. then thental aro Gan mo theleoding not, and thas strong pl toresowetothenert seme un C sien swy mates agotanston Tocreatetriads, we use simple 135 patter Drawinthetist note of the Sealeonch.then mssouttheD. craw ia thee shipover the anddrawinG This ves us major CEG Carr onuptne ‘ce and crete the est of tetrad sng inst pattern ard we geftheother six Crajor nad 0 maer (FA) Emin 6B) Fmajocrac, Gmaor GBD). minor CD ands aminshed ODS. Lots make ou sequence less predetabie Gongtfom chord to ‘her soundssuperstong~sosvong in fac that we don? gto chord itt Sundunexoectd. Change bar S6C cod tomandbarsEmtot.sowegets leading upto cur turnaround. ia See Abe atin Bune tat 3 > make music now / the p Six more chord tricks Mastered major, minor and diminished chords? Tackle this lot next! 6. Smoother sequences with inverted chords ‘AnormalC major chords CEG, but youcan easly changeit to EGC, called the Trstinversion, (or G-CEthe second version -thebassnote haschanged, butits stil hesame cher, withthe same oot note, . This can be usedto create ‘muchsmocther chord sequences. To ty an fexample.createa}OOBPM project andload = Beatwavr then use Chordsmidto roger Bazile (CMs Computer Music» oe Rossiter» ' Richmond Keys reset “This Cminor progression usesbasicnon. lnverteiriads, Selet the lover two notes ofall chords inbar Tand3, then transpose them up one fectave most DAW havea shortutkey forth, such 2s Shit Up.Now hear how much smocther ‘he progressions, since there’ ess movernent from cherdto chord. Inthefinal bar selectall notes above and including) Band drop those ‘one octave fora cool descending chord c S C progression You may start to hear melodies in the chores’ movement - theres ene goingonn ‘urs So duplicate the topnoteo each chord and j - place them one octave up, for aninstant melody. D major D minor SP cla (e) a RAV aa) suspended chords Se eee Coed Se een ners Sere ens eater erent) tie the chord sounds nether major nor minor, Rr ea ead ener) ution. eee aay eee ee ne) cece Tuva) ease reenter Berrien Peete enn Perris orate) Seta eee ee eee ema cer renee Sar one anaes % Anique Ifit's jazzy sophistication and smouldering sensuality you're after, it’s time you tried seventh chords Basie 6 {empleo ont notesin Care shown, ow ‘major demo-Normaltiad hora enor midis aos ‘ejuonce Tomas seventh we ‘hor orthetina halberd ‘uradsecnoteearein aon ————— ce egy aa Bet. er Seventh chords can sound dense {em down, They canbe inverted to, focasmoother ow combine these wes for sweet progressions as inour finished sequence above Ou ideo make music now < BESS oer Justas you canstackan eration a ‘opotatriadtoadd the seventh you ‘anteep png thirds tpto Introduce ninth, eleventh and thirteenth Wehavert cured nervalsthis lage yt btthey give the same noter at ‘secon fourthandabth stone octave higher Ontherghtisemajor1CEGEDFA ifyouustoddonthe nnthinterva without tneseventh.youhavean'add9 chordich Youiread more about inthe technique blow) Scethevideo ormore deta, emer You con create custom chords that rentsevenths or extendedchords bysimply adding inextra notes, Usually the 2nd thor 6th. These chords are ‘called ad, add4 andadas. There's aso the ‘2d chord, which s the samieasthe ad¢2 ‘chord except the added note san octave higher, rather thansittingrihtnextto the Footnote. Inour video and audio example, ‘we irstturna Cmajor chord into an ada2 by ‘2dingits 2nd note,D.. Then we transpose ‘theaddednote tomake ade9. This works ‘wellto transition into the E minor 7 that {ollows, shee that chord also contains aD. Numeralogy ‘You may have seen chordsequences written using Roman numerals rather than naming therm (C,Em,eto or numbering them the usual way. Chords ofthe majorscale Would be writen I lV V vivir whilefor ‘minor, wed have iv vVIVIL Uppercase tell usitsamajor chore: lower case sminor, thesmall circle meansit'sa ciminihee chord The beauty ofthismethodisthat chord sequences arent tiedtoa specific key, MAJOR 1 ii IV MINOR Enea ees Cadd2 cDEG soprogressionscan be iscussedand ‘compared independentiyofthe key the song was orginally in Musicians can also use this otationto play given progressioninany key To avoid overioacing you withjargon. weve stuck o plainoldinourtutoras, butits goodtoknow about thisalterate ‘method, andto giveyoualeg-up withthe concept weveadded the numerals tothe flenames of our Tiads ChordSets. Vi wi vii v VI VII 1s > make music now / ‘| Chords cheat sheet "Music theory knowledge's awesome when you have t but for many of us recling cae patterns and chordshapes can bea creative drag “Tokeep your sessions flowing, weve created the CM MIDI Construction Kita ‘massive pack of MID chords, scales and templates Let’ take alookat what's inside this amazing musical toolkit and how you can use t tomake beter musicnow. You ind tne ‘he Tutorial Files folder First folders rearranged into the 2 musical eys(e, root notes - well talk more about keys onthe next page, and nsie eachs tree folders. The Chords older contains use) chords based on the root note each sustained forabar- just rag tem into your DAW. Our ‘cheat sheet below also gives you a handy ‘overview of commen chords “The Chord Sets folder contains the triads, sevenths,rinths.elevenths and thiteenths Served rom the standard maior and minor (ernatural minon) scales Where elevate ve Included an alternative scale set using aiat koy signature, These ure the same MIDI notes just ‘th aterent filenames Stuck for a chord? ‘UsetecMMDIConstracion Kita yourguldetotewordof theory -thereatemplattoreverything ‘TheScalesfolde offers up four common scales: malo, (natural min, melodie minor ‘andharmonie minor You slo gt ll seven ‘commonly used modes. and arange of other scales from everyday to exotic Every scale {comes intwo formats.astraighttorward run up the scalesayou can hear how sounds, nd ‘ur special Ympate’ form These templates contain every note of thescale in every octave, ‘Sustained for one bar. They aefor use as a ‘uide ony - avoid playing them asit won't sound pleasant How you use these will depend fon your DAW. but youl find suggestions spread troughout our tutorial. Theres also a handy textile nthe MIDI Construction Kitfoe wth ‘more specifies, a5 wellasa vdeo overview. Try these! Here's a recap of some of the most commonly used chords. Intervals are given in a numerical format - you can assume they are the ‘major’ or ‘perfect’ varieties unless modified with a preceding flat, making them minor or diminished intervals Major mi A ‘Suspended fourth r wn Dominant seventh Diminished seventh Saas “um Add I a : Add I mite, gf Dominant ninth make music now < What are keys? What key am | in? Try the circle of fifths! ‘Aker sustanother way of saving what scale youre using I your song isbased on the {Cmajr scale sin the key of C major. But for every major scale theresa retativeminor with thesame notes. so what’ stopping the song being nthe key of Aminor? The ferences {hatin Cmajor Cele ike the home’ nate or chord called the tonal centre’ The song will likely Bginand end on thisnotelehord, and wil feturn ot atthe start of sections. Asong in ‘Amincrwillkewise build outwards andreturn to/m. These Tues ae often broken, mind you ‘Changing Key ml song can re-eneraise things rip into an unexpected new pat. This canbeaccomplished by taking asection, ‘luplicating it and transposing the copy. Aone ‘semitone shit nether direction for example, For amore considered approach, wecan ‘move oa destination key that shares notes B/Ay ‘wth the current one For Cmajorthe most ‘Similar keys/scales would beG major uses FFinstead of 8, and F major (BA nstead o From€ upto isan ascending perfect th. and fom downto a descending perfect ith, Interesting! Infact, to find the ‘losest two scales to any malor or minor scale just oup or make music now Taking the mystery ‘Among many musicians modes havea ‘reputation as mysteriousandhardto Lnderstane but you understand the malor! ‘minor relationship, then youre ready hatvay touncerstanding modes Yournay even have Used modes in your music without realising it ‘Our tutorial below ays ital out for you, but e's look at some examples you may have hear Te frst mode eonian, beginning onthe fistneteofthe major seal yep tithe major scale! Typically upbeat and postive in vbe, but ‘doesnt haveta be Adele's Someone Like YoU ‘ould hardly be described as ajoy test for ‘example, but 's very much in malo. “The Dorian mode isi tothe good old natural minor except te sixth smal Instead ff minor. giving melancholy sound, Probably ‘themost famous example of a Dorian-based ooh out of modes hothardtoge shan one ince sues song's Scarborough Ft and youcan also hear Tin Tear for Fears Mad Wore hs tsak’s ‘Wicked Game, ae Dam Punks Get Lucky. ‘Te Phrygian mode's fist two notes ae ust asemitone apart. thas adistinctve favour associated wth Spanish musi suchas Is Sees famenco.butdié you know thatthe Knight ‘Rider theme tune saison Phrygian? Nxt. the ethereal and spacey Lydian mode. {805 guitar rockshved-heads loved to explore ‘modes. and Joe Satriani noodles the heck out of tis one on Fying ina Blue Dream. ‘TheMixolydian models ike amajr scale ‘with minor seventh - Guns Roses Sweet Chide'Mineuses during te verses, ‘Aeolian the natural minor saleby anther ‘name you've heardthis one plenty of times! ‘Locrian’s theleast used mode o al sit sounds kindof disconnected, tense and Unresolved. This sale can be hearin the versesofBjorks Army of Me, Judas Priest's Painkiller. and The Strokes Juicebox, though most ofthese do not use al thenotes inthescale. Wevetocusedonthe baste majr and > minor scales soar as theyrethe most Commonly sea We also showed yeunow theyrereatythesame seat starting fom Brefwemoresealeshiding nsidethe Imajr shape though? Les uncover them “Toget stated oad Bzile Mand sect ‘hepateh G3 Leads: AF AnaLsad 4 > texanougnne ntesoteachnede ‘Serdertofeathesenew sales Lats puttnam a ita the same ey. Sect, ras ean stack of mtes down soit farts on Wecannow see therinterval pata ideby sce. Everying weve Showed you about scales and chores So farcanbeappedto these ve new sales Scaletemplates for allmodes trevery key. a > CaSeales» Major Template mid placing tenbarl Dele aitnenster the Calor sale Now select al notes ‘ar 6 Cleknots Alto ato hear he ‘ier sale all wevedone 5 chage the ‘Sartre but thas aaiferen ee. C lonian (Maier) > Howlers vow ne sown ImportDronewav onto an aul wack Settempoto oop aloo. ‘Thisioop features enlyne note, C.s0 we canhearhow theses sound against Ester program your own patterns using ‘esate templates or load our emo Mois rom he Tutor tes lae Clonianisineupoest mor sound weve sireay covered 5 > raat Poi res Seseiceetem torent Sete errare Fy tna (Seemictirentetra Doran smart the minor sate but > hesabtofajazzbuesteegongon with majorite of rrr oth Prey ston associated with Sparish ‘USI Lyla hasan urescre,oeamy (act Nain sppeasin eck and Dus aft Action the good natural ‘ior seat Loeranhas dark. Urvestvea qualty ands prsoly the lems uses mode 6 ‘Tere ae atu tree ypes of minor ‘ale ratoral armen and melo, ‘Tmematura minors the stangara, waely Usedminor scale wevestuek 00 far By ‘clea the perp Root 242243. That 5 semtone ap gest arecognisatie 3 \, nAhacmoniminor.chord7 ofthe Stale woud be Gal. Buti you Invert Rbecomesidentil te Balen, ‘aia ein. These four share the Same notes and aebasteallytesare {ora So youcan consider any teat the ‘rordasa leading toneto take youre Insttoam.buttecm Drm orm > ght est properties when we ud hrs nt chores becomes doranant seven chore By bulng thst Tries ea Fs Melosie miner iste hamonieminor Ly, > atm tester note starpeneston, Gh sexingrsotthe Ssenstone step whichis Sometimes undesirable asia. the ‘eo minor eae wseused whan ‘Seending, aa the equa natal mina fordescending, tin modem muse he Scalemay bese er bothdrectons make music now < Chord considerations Figuring out which chordstouse with exotic scales canbe tricky, but ‘there areplenty of approachesto ‘easethepain. First when using a minor key You don'thaveto choose between ‘natural, harmonicand melodie then Stickwithit.Forexample, when ‘wring ln natural minor harmonle ‘minors dominant 7on chordS and ‘diminished 7on chord canbe borrowed asneeded. Check outour caries tutorial video number Sat (0-40-wedldexactiythistosmooth ‘ur progression. Formore obscurescales where the chordsare giving you headaches, there'sasimplesolution:forget ‘chords! You can create plenty of ‘movement with a monophonic ‘bassline for example. slight step "upfromthere wouldbe power chords, whichusejustarootand fifth. Rockand metal guitarists have gottonsofmileage outof welrd scales by shredding them over power chords orrepetitiveriffsthat on'thavea particularly strong, ‘tonality to begin with, Checkout ‘Meshuggah for oneof themost ‘extreme examples ofthis approach = ultarist Fredrik Thordendal often, laysdownmelodicaly complex solosaverrifs comprising one or ‘twonotes. The solo G5)in Vanished, tromt995's Destroy Erase “Improve.isa greatexample. Finally. alte dissonancenever hurt anyone. and sometimesascale ‘andchord combination that ‘theoretially shoulde't workactually sounds greatin context. ‘Teyltandsee! = 1 Pentatonc scales. as the name > Exgpest use ony the notes per ‘octave The major pentatonic se major scale with fourth an seventh hotermigeedout Soin we avecout Sra gvingusthesenleCDEGA shown here the miner pentatonic he tral > > Maritain, D pence tie iene ee enn sr Precrererreneane Shetmorpeson eee Poser rel wirctene cea eseae Sovorene — | = | — | = | —= " | A) Thereareots more scaestowploe 2 > Phrysndominantsa mode ot ‘TheWhole Tone scale. show smade up ently o2semitonestopsandhas eat Spacedout vibe Hrajoshis gape om Sapaneseloromuse- root fives > make music now Scales cheat sheet 8ythispoint, you may be struggling to keep up ith the muttude of scale patterns -they erally look similar, event they don't sound Tohelp you keep alidonit, we've put together a cheat sheet o scales. And remember, our MIDI ‘Construction Kits rammed ith sale templates Inevery possible key If youre stil unsure how tausethem here's some concrete advice. In Ableton Live, copy the templates stackof notes soit es just outlde your MIDI clips play! ‘oop markers. Us tara visual guide orenable Foldtorestiet the piano rot taotes inthe scale Logic Pr X works smarty pace the template MIDI clip alongside te one you'e ‘working on, and sect both cps to view them Inthe ino Roll. cick Colapse Modeto restrict programmingto the scales notes. In Bitwig Studi, you havea few options It using single cp ed mode, paste tre template futsie of te ctps playable range For mut clipeait paste the template intoa separate cp ‘outside your loop points Drum Eeting mode festrcts programming to notes ofthe sale ‘nother methoaisto place te cp on atrack ‘with no instrument loaded, then erable Mult Layer eating and lock thattrack Thenotes wil, show ae vieualunderay. .2,s(|s8 Cabenes scale ude herein theroter of Gharmonleminerinbive-thered notes recut fey For Studio One 3 loadthetempiateon a MIDI ‘rack wth no instrument. then click Track Uist \our horizontal lines) Enablethe leftmost Show {cic icon forthe tempat track and those ‘youwont toed Disable the Ect (pencD option forthe template, anditlishow only asa guide Cubase users can oad the template ‘alongside the MIDI they wantto eat sa guide, indascale ina flash again. ensuring ts outside of oop points: but Cubase na its own scale guide eature-to use it-adds Chora Track, sable Automatic Seales Gnthe inspecton, click Show Scales(on the track) ada ascale event and choose sale, "Now set the colouring mode inthe Piano Rol to (Chord Track and nates within he scale willbe ue while those outside tare ed All the scales from our tutorials in one handy place! We also give you the scale example in sharps too, for easy transferrance to your piano roll. Alternatively, find all these scales in MIDI format in every key in our MIDI Construction Kit! Major (aka lonian mode) wi WN = - ! ‘Natural minor (aka Aeolian mode) Harmonic minor ‘Melodic minor Ml Pentatonic minor NM flues scal Dorian mode Mt Phrygian mode Lydian mode wi ~ HM ‘Mixolydian Loctian mode Phrygian Dominant THE ULTIMATE GUIDE TO THE GREATEST ALBUMS EVER MADE Discover 1.46 pages of classic albums reappraised by rock’s greatest writers and ranked according to votes cast by Classic Rock magazine's readers. Did your favourite make the cut? 2 Cane ee eae r Pano > make music now / ‘| 9 pieces of fast theory advice A bunch more theory tips to put into practice the next time youre looking for a boost of musical inspiration ‘Tryoutyour sts chord memory anion got one te ie yours ome uk one nger action HARDCORE MEMORIES If scale modes are scary, then chord modes must be truly trouser-soiling stuff, right? Thankfully not - chord mode or memory is the name of a classic synth feature where a chord is triggered with one key. In traditional implementations, the chord is simply transposed up and down, so it doesnt stay diatonic (in key). However, it's a sound that's featured in countless dance and rave tracks, proving that music theory rules are there for the breaking! To achieve it, use a synth with a chord memory (eg, AudioRealism'’s Redominator), duplicate or transpose a MIDI chord (there's tons in our MIDI Construction Kit!), or use a chord sample in a sampler. 2 fulcing chords and using scales ‘can seem more ike brutal maths ‘exercise at times -s0 why not get your ‘computer ta dothe hard work? This months CHORD, PROCESSING UNITS '-Step CM plugin for example, makes it easy to trynifsbased on chord sequences Xfer Records Cthulhuis another ine option for ‘@cloring progressions. Cubase Chord Tack ‘and Chore Assistant can even tll you what Chords ught to comenext AbetonLve srt duit that smart, but ts MIDIEMects makeit easy to stayin key and generate Instant chords ‘Many other DAWs feature similar MID plugin, (Othe software. Autotheory and ALtoTOnIC sits between your MDI Keyboard and DAW to keep your nooatingsstreky diatonic. ‘RaplaComposer,Cogntone Synfireané ‘WaveDNA Liquid Musiccan even help withthe composition process. 03 JUST THE TONIC ‘Tokeep things rice’ easy, we've relerted to thenotes and chores, Dfaseale as umoers17. We ‘mentioned the Roman numeral naming system While back too.but quess what? Theres yet ‘another bunch of terminology foreferrng to hotes aka degrees of ascale andthe chords bullton them Fora major scale. they are Tone, Supertonie, Mediant, subdominant, Dominant Submediant and Leading Tone. The minor scale uses Subtoncisteadof Leading Tone. cryptic ‘orwnat? A dscusson ofthese names s beyond thescope ths eature,butinshort, they tel YYourhow the degree functions in progression ‘The Dominant th so named because ts the second most important besides the Tonic (G30, while the Leading Tone tM leads nicely Dbacktothe Tonic sb. I you rca we touched "upon these Sto" and 7401 transitions in carer tutorials WORLD'S STRONGEST EARS Knowing how tft weights and what to eatfor optimal strensth ‘won't make you strong. and i's the ame deal ‘with music theory: you needto putt into practice and train your ea forthe best resus ‘Avan exercise, try recreating afavourtsong in your DAW~seehow close you can get the notes {nd chords. Or render aut noes, intervals, ‘scales and chords as MP3, then putthem in playlists on shuffle Trytoidentty or mate them on your MIDI keyboard Dont expect to Idenistyspectc notes by ear. though = thats perfect pitch andit very rae, so dont sweat! RIP UP THE RULEBOOK ‘One ofthe absolut best things 05 yyoucan dowith music theory knowledges. oforgetall about Yep itch therules and regulations and lust et on wth fof theory. youlfine that hinge come together ‘more naturally. even you're not thinking about ‘when you do get stuck? Or cant quite get that ‘melody to gel with the chords? Mars when Drocessroling again. Finally, dort be ara todo something that -pernaps very deliberately thisguide. Ate all music would never have {evolved i composers had stuck to pre MIXED MODES When you ist et familiar with the urge tostay locked into the “right” notes forthe whole song to maximise youlna sort of musica ne manislandthats Relthe one scalenor the other! Couldntit.2 ‘modes an scales athe time. This can either be {done na'passing sense such asbret ‘work wel. Or teould be as extreme as writing a ‘melody that outines anew key with each chord stabilizers and wander inloa ferent scale iit feels right "Noone keys mustaly superior, buttere are reasons fer choosing ‘mutica instsuments are esirto pay certain keys. Andsome can only ply specie keys, such ‘ven song ease tosngifit’s transposed toa Figher or ower key. omoveitinto ther Electronic musicians cortt have playabilty worries, butthe key used wil determine the dancetracks are in keys Fto major or minon. sothatwhen the bass plays the ist note the ‘making music With even abasic understanding "pectic chords and sales while wring Arc Yyouapply musl theory to gt thecreatve goes totaly against everything youve lerntin estabished rules, ‘modes and scales. you may fel theetfect. After al any deviation could eave Nah.not really - songwriters move between connecting chords or notes Gemitone steps Dont be afraid to take off the harmonic KEY DECISIONS Q/ ESS ‘asaharmoniea or harp. Vocalists may ind 2 comfortable range. frequencies ofthe main notes ina song, Many sale. itSinthe optimal sub bassrange, 45-55H2. s/ make music now < ‘eres the Cimslor melody rom ay bakin tra? harmonised than ots arta ew INSTANT HARMONIES Want to create a harmony for your lead line? A simple approach is to duplicate the line and move it up or down a perfect fifth or perfect fourth. This basically ensures a diatonic (that means ‘in key) result. The only exceptions would be things like adding a perfect fifth on top of the 7th note in a major key, which should be a diminished fifth. In practice, though, it’s often either left as-is, moved to a different in-key note, or avoided altogether. For even sweeter harmonies, stack in thirds instead. It’s just like building notes into triads, but using a Root-3 formula rather than Root-3-5, Make sure the harmony notes are in key - youll end up with a mixture of minor and major third intervals. Our scale templates can help here! surface of music theory, owe 09 hope itsaven you a taste fr juicy chords, progression tricks and wid scales ‘wen youre read to broaden your knowledge, ‘our famous Easy Gude series your next stop Every edition s packed with wise words expert ‘ideo and groan-worthy puns trom ems resident keyboard wizard Dave Clews. And withover 40 ‘episodes stretching right back to em92, nda new edition every month you'd be mad not tofilin your backissues collection ane Subscribe ight away to avold missing out on this essentialmateral EASY DOES IT ‘Ourfastguideonlyscratchesthe mi. rote sles / the producer's guide to chords and scales Jargon guide Music theory's tricky enough without the your head around the lingo with our quic [een Cetera eee ar CADENCE eins errr eon) enon’ CHORD. Perey (eles) eer re ete Parenter Seana ier rote) Pee cnt DIMINISHED FIFTH, Poe Cae ata Prem Pen See eee eT Peer ee ae coeee eer eete nas EXTENDED Perey Poe om ans PU Seated eer Paeateerin ie ets Pret Gen Tea Peer eee eee ores poeta a ees Enon tia ees Coens peers ieeuncaiied Pes Tes Seer eee ee erg eames pee es Tess) eae eTy cent) pee ey eee cea reel ea eee ena parents [Ue onns cea Werte music series of Perot Eerste ees) MAJOR SECOND) eer Potente aes Saco DUNelea7-ue) Te interval between the ot Pees Crore Eanes MAJOR SIXTH eee eater erated Corey MAJOR THIRD] reer Peer Pera ato) ni (terrae cena Ceo iernecrtocibe ny reccair Meter ete es eae ener MINOR SCALE cet ars Cieretatrct eee ese MINOR SECOND ete ats epeaaeeeriran] MINOR THIRD, ees [ocean tse era er Pn eeaet MINOR SEVENTH. ore ree and the fattened seventh note(or ‘deoree of amajor scale Cer tetas MINOR SIXTH eer cy meee ores pe aro eae) Miers ocean ens eee nore cond OCTAVE en ees arent eo eee cea) pears Gelert [crete naar Penrice ROOTLESS VOICING| Coro) Piero mec ee ia pe oo lexicon - get dictionary Sears oer Caen Pee eS rete ‘SECONDARY DOMINANT] eee) eae oer rete Poe ena pare Eamon Seats eee praerernee nary eed Saul eer rien ers Peete eres) Ga Pees eaters eee eet eso ies Eee eae erste une Sree ofascale isNeigess Lee et Erreur) peeriareeeetane TRIAD) ed eerie es See et UE renee) Inher words, he ntervalot Pee ets or) ror FF GET STARTED IN MUSIC PRODUCTION WITH OUR INTERACTIVE GUIDE The Beginner's Guide to Music Production comes with exclusive access to all the software, plugins and video tutorials you'll need to start making music. You'll be recording, arranging and mastering your own tracks in no time! A KEYBOARD alone ——— f / make music now < et eet ed eed — at Get better with your black ’n’ whites, and master your MIDI controller for performing, composing, and making — or%cne your most expressive patches ever for getting your head and into the computer quickly and eficlenty, there's no question thatthe keyboard Gt keyboard cont >make music now Key moments in keyboard history “The ealest known plece of musi writen for keyboard dates from around 1360, out thetine ‘that the rst keyboardinstruments the ‘avichord and the harpsichord began to ‘appear soberng te think that the casical ‘omposersof the Baroque era= notable ‘examples of which include JSBach, who ‘composed some ofthe greatest keyboard music ‘everten aid nothave acces tothe modern Piano as we know tor indeed any form of piano, ‘sth earliest examples date fom thelat 18th ‘century. Pipe organs became standardin ‘churches, whl string besed Keyboard Instruments ke ctavchords,harpsicords, spinets and vrginals were ashonabletor welt ‘do dravingrooms ofthe day. ‘The davichord wasa small rectangular ‘wooden instrumentthat contalneda et of ‘rings that were plucked witha smal ladeor tangent whenever akey was pressed. The design of thekeyocard itself evolved romhaving Sevenkeysper octave tothe current designthat features 2, Including the black notes, oF ‘accidentals as theyre krown. ‘Te mote sizeable narpsichord was largely an attemptto produce a greater volume of sound, Many harpsichord featured double keyboards, but stil lacked the ability to vary the dynamics ‘ofthe performance, due tothe fact thatthe Strings were plucked The forerunner ofthe modern plano was Invented around 1780, mainly in response otis lack of expressiveness. featured what we know today asa velocity sensitive keyboare: the payer could vary the volume depending on how hard the keys were struck and thestrings were wacked with hammers rather than being Dileked. However these erly pianos had Wight, wooden rames.ihtvsprung key action, leather hammers and short sustain compared tothe ron framed, weighted-etion tlt. hammered, long-surtaining version of the instrument we know today. Piano power Te piano was atighitwah performers and Composers he tne puting claves and rorpichordstothe snes nan unl he 2othcentury andthe ssvet of erry tat ne Startedtosce new istuentsandinnovatons Socnas the Hammond tone organ the Ges Marten sort oe eyooad Simessererem bid. e Fender Rods anc Wirter etre panos the Mehoten a tape based preciso theme samping keyooard anearysymthessessichasthe EMS VES: Rend Nor ans Moog Minmoog Thescary syne wee nenenhoie Te ony 2itopin onenote tats whieh wa pest iertnnines onsale but twos nthe Yara 380 and Moog Pelymoog apoearedin ‘sro thtsynts become the marta ow forced keybonast he word ve canting intone mtestoness he dig era such a YomnanssOX7 andthe Roane 0. Tosayseyooardss have huge stot invent payers taeropraton ron gona tootalmos 00 yeustothe zz greats ofthe {B20s troughte rock ober ofthe 1958, Torprogrecksnsbeyor Hers tietne of ‘ome of the oreat pars om he lst century checkout some ofthese guys work ang yu defintely kup plenty tps Greatest players of the 20th century as ‘erry Lee Lewis icc alone Ltt Richard ec linge Fats Domino (sicher ns =) Ray Charles roses ernst) eee our Aaeeonenenroae Selanne anes Herbie Hancodk uses) Rick Wakeman 030 2 Eton John cso: 7) dontordid=0Pun0) Keith Emerson neon Lake (Chick Corea ssn ar) ‘doe Zain a ap) Bity Joel Pint /soronte George Duke Grve pia ae) Bernie Worrell ne Jean Michel Jarre err 20 ‘Geott Downes see 2us3=) ‘Tony Banks n=) chara Tanay 10) Jools Holand s2icc22 cos Holans an Bind ‘GregPhilinganes Sesonsirene) Billy Curte ioe danHammer ioe) ‘Thomas Dolby is 1a Mike Lindup NickRhodes bs a0 Richard Barbier spsnsr.nne ————— fry Coral er pe Prefer open Seen bia ‘There are many diferenttypes of keyboard ‘utthere.Sowhen buying, outineed to Consider exactly whatit's you be using for. “There are hardware synthesisers designed for live performance orforthestudio. These ‘Generatetheirown soundsinterally,andthus eed tobe connected ether to aPA system for tse onstage, or pluggedinto an audio interface so the sounds they make can be Fecordedintoa computer. Then thereare the personal home keyboards, generaly targeted more towards ‘the home entertainment market suchas ‘Yamaha's Tyros range, with hundreds of bult- Insounds,auto-accompaniment features and bulltinspeakerstor monitoring ina domestic ‘environment without the need for any ‘aeditional hardware or computer. Its fairbet that most readers of this ‘magazine will probably be more interested ina MIDI controller keyboard. Thisisthe typeof Korg SV-1 £1399 Te fabulous Korg SV stage keyboard is avaliable In both 73 and 88 4ey versions keyboard that makes no sounds onits own, but Isdesignedto behookedup toa computer via USB or Bluetooth in order to controithe softsynthsthatrun within the confines of your ‘DAW, and generate the MIDI data that your hhostrecords and playsback whenever you enter akeyboard part How many keys? ‘standard pano has 8 keys, spanning over even octaves and willethereare plenty of onto keyboards out thereof is sz ‘many eases te averagehome orprolect. glo eyboardist witbeabeto getaway ‘with something withamuch smal ootrint Controls tart rm 25keys(two octaves) {trough 49 our octaves) 6 ve octaves) and 76tax octaves A25ey unt wilde neal ‘ouneedtodolsbash out the odd drum, bass rao part wi one or twofngers ut ratte atwornanded player the minum ferutimate portability make music now < KEYBOARD BUYER’S GUIDE Youle convortablewithisa 49Key option, seven with octave-siftbuttons, youl find therange of a25-key model fairy limiting. ‘Above that, the more keys thebetter it's always good to goor as many keys s you hhavethe room for we say. Theother questions whether ornotto go for ull-size keys or mero keys. Mito keyboards are conveniently small enough to squeeze intoa laptop bag, but although that's handy for inputting keyboard ideas onthe ‘move, smallkeysare more daly and harder to play than fullsize equivalents ouhavethe Space, wed always recommend unit with ull: slzekeys or stualouse. simply because they hhavea more conventional feel -importantit youwant to take our playing tothe next evel Allinall,we reckon youshould look to spend at least £160 oF soforadecent spec full-size 49key controller. or more f you want one with othermodern features. AkaiLPK25 Wireless £59 This dinky controler fits ina laptop bag and connects via Bluetooth ROLI Seaboard RISE 49 £1000 Like a row of hotdogs ina wetsuit, the Innovative RISE 49 offers boundless reaims of expression Benoteboara Nektar Impact 88+ £249 Remorkable value for money for a fulsize, semi weighted action NI Komplete Kontrol S49 / S61 MkII £499 Native Instruments’ newiyupdated S-Series controllers feature twin-def LCD screens and luminated Keys Para I ‘The utimate allrounder for Ivelstudio use witha hammeraction, fully weighted B8:note keyboard 29 >make music now Anatomy of a keyboard We're all familiar with black and white notes - but what do all those knobs, sliders and flashing buttons do? Let's find out. apis tovriable ROTARY ENCODERS parameters, PLTCHBEND DRUM PADS LCD DISPLAY eee WHEEL ‘Smackabl pads far ‘Shaws infa about the ccantral parameters in channel valame Allsts you to bend. programming dram parts currently selected cantral your DMA ates while playing es SWITCHES Stardard-se, OCTAVE SWITTCHES cor “ MODULATION WHEEL paano-type keyboard Si the rates yaute Fane tem renee grt for inputting nates pling up or dawn one eae eo rameters Ree Silat DAW pr Anctons eae amma Trecthy tom your tke tefl be Bane va aus psusocer Agi SUSTAIN PEDAL INPUT namie Connect a stain pedal fir gover ool, eae recite pe cig pl ea EXPRESSION sauewe Tilt ag PEDAL INPUT USB SOCKET ia falleaeg Pig a pedal in here Comectstoyou computer fr ‘irfnvamitng © IO APR me oth MIDI date and paver pees ther parameters Beginners, start here! ‘when tating to learnthe keyboard, Itsagood idea toget basichand postionsnailed early on,asitlimake Paying easier in general and revert you romfaling inte bad habitsin thelong run Intermsot simpleergonomics, it mightseemobvious, butyounsed to be sat(orstanding) facing your keyboard, postioned roughly in fine with the centre ‘around middle Cf youresiting, make Surethat the seat high enough that Your wrist and elbow are sighty higher than the level of the Keyboard ‘when your Tingertips are onthe keys. Simiaty.ityoure standing. adjust thehelahtof yourkeyboardto ‘chievethe same result ‘Generally speaking it you're playing two-handed, yout be focusing your ight hand on the ‘reat the keyboardaround middle Canc above, and your iefthand wil be positioned mainly inthetower areaot the keyboard to the lett of idle taking care ofthe bass notes. This willoten be payed in octaves, Using your thu and pinky an octave apart. make music now < Throughout this feature, we'llbe referring to finger positioning using this numbering system 998 80 f @ age Tobegin with, start with your right hana Keeping your hand ana ingers ‘etaxed place your righthand ight on ‘theese let sie of your hum ‘onmladiecanathe tps oF your ngers ‘esting onthe nextour wte keys (thats O16 Fong @)to height Not as youreease your thumb up frommidalecandiet tee ise up again press down with ound tinge {opty Do aval the nates overappra ‘nko tke yur usethe peas lanen changing gem inacar -Cethe ‘tn anaD the acsleratar the ‘tuten comes up the sceteratr goes Draw yourtinges back alte so at theyresgny bert keeping each ‘ingertpresting ight on ts onn ey. postioned equal between the fet ad Completty drooping down low te Now try the same thing gona fom toting the Oup as youpress down onthe € with your middle nee, againkeeping ie restof your hand as Stila: possible. Then go tom Ecko again then downto inreverse ‘rae Keep playing slowly up ana down {wough EDDC a Tew times tory ara Maintaining tis poston press down ‘ust yeur thumb topay mil Keepthe other gers asst a youean, andavelé sticking your ngers out Upandpress own again to pay te note Sten moretimen geting ined onat ‘As yougst more confident adathe totes Fang tothe equation, payng them wth your ng ana tie Finger Asyou lay upard down theve roles CDEFGFEDCuy tome your Fingers wal romonekeyt the nex 2 thatthenoteswarstentogeter seo Kept nc ow 3 > make music now As youlook ownatthe keyboard, thoyresangesina ressar pater. fetonedby aroun at tvo.snather3rup tree and soon infact theyre Sate ketal the way 0% thebeybowra Moving ons tne to asoptne proper fingering for aCmaor cle otheoclovesbove middle CDEFS ‘ABO simotniyandeveniy. start ‘Yournanain the starng postion ‘Seacibed review nd ply Dana ‘wn oor thumb and fit wo ngers, ‘Te white note immediate tothe lea€-the ane stusted nthe centre of ‘earring the keyboard The Key ‘major costars no sharps fats ni, oithas no black notes or youto Now. movethe thumb up trom C10F, eepng the rile inger one E ey ith your tmb and mee the estof Yourhandbockeverteterightte acopt win te thumenteF kay. Youean now play GAB wih gers > 254anas enna with your akon tepCtocempletethascale To cescne ‘Spy play E@A.GF wih ingers 542 {nd Lending with the thum back on F ‘Then bing your fingers over you thus and nt with your mia ge llomed ‘bythe ex inger on anton Dock ‘onmidaec It youre feng brave you can goter the to-oetave version +23 Qhum® Unde ¥224 thumb under 123thum> Unde, 12345 enang up wth your Pinkyon€8. Tecra thing with al Scales istostarteutslowhy andmaster paying tescale every atasiow tempo before speeding up Dent betemtedto nd eontincing trough 8 € B.E-F and frome isD.thenE.-F ana AiterG. by Bang nally arepeatof Cone octave higher. Interval patterns for major and minor scales Love'em or hate'em,there'sno better method of keyboard practice thanscalesfor improving ‘overall dexterity. Major and minor Scales are specific sequences of ght notes defined by the patterns of intervalsbetween those notes.By applying this patternasa kind of formula, we eanwork out the major orminor Sle for any key. The formulafor amajorscalels FISTS, where Sttands for anintervalofone semitone the smallest pessble Intervalon the keyboard, between any two adjacentkeys) and. Sands fortone(an intervalot wo semitones)-So,using Cmajoras anexample, wedstartonc, move lupatone two semitones) t0D, ‘nother tone to, thena semitone {oF another tonetoG, andsoon until we getthe whole scale;C-D- EFGABC Apply thesame formula tothe key of Dmajor. and wegetD-EFEGAB-CHD Fora ‘natural minor scale the formulas cones = a paar THE MIND-BLOWING STORY OF ROCK'S GREATEST DECADE From Queen and Pink Floyd to Aerosmith and Bowie, uncover the magic and madness of rock’s defining decade. Packed with the best features from Classic Rock magazine, this is the ultimate celebration of the Seventies. > make music now / play keyboe ‘ Chord formulas for major and minor triads nana ee aansecaceaageetinoetesentooce TTT ndnceriatassecte il sealetaceteats an fecpepeiceca ents, eectnpiebrariar ta, ‘the most basic form of chord in commen natural minor (which uses ail the white ar a Sema ce mnener neonate iesemaei es one Na ngs a mM ‘the scales their notes (also known as ‘minor triad. ep een’ re rae om area a rec eaeene nenaimormmcemerogsree gomewaeeertsssUTTUTUNLNN (IUNINUTIT ‘the notes (or degrees) in the scale from1 semitones + 4 semitones for a minor 29.19) ee ante taste cage mene oa — fee er eee sseee necedeneae ies and so on, until B=7.So, to build a Cmajor pretty useful things to know! Gxttotnow mujer endesiner tino thotuihdingttecte ot peputerremts > notes, solet's try some chords. Welt down these three keys without your > thrdinterval between the D ate F | 22S 2 So ‘ne qual othe t= jr or minor = Uipattves notes fromthe C moje sai {he whotething ups0 your thumbs onD deteries wether the tog sa mor or amy toot, aor ha (ana {and ply D.F ond Thats Daj ane ‘minor enor Her the minor tire ft (G) This canbe playedtrom our base ‘Wrong! ear how Rsounde sadder Between and produces ats, mine farting poston sown nto previous ‘amehow? That bese youre actsaty oun Tormak ta maori move the {utort- hump on mile mile ‘lying Dminar tad, made up of D {tatngerasemteneupto Fa Tyitnow Finger on E andy 096 (ood. Ftrinor ted and AC). ‘oplayD.F# A thas Daj ‘Samo tiads cont foot mor S Tear tee worst echt Tooele estiversonof Caio; we Ly. > sviesersi wre minor ads sre 5 opening on which note ouput your 6 Trove ie humbtothenextcherone made of ook miner tirana ith Try ‘hump on Gobackooure mar Wafer Up eG snow covered thendex item chord =F mor bu ram second Aslaeain step wih our ge ard pinky movesta the nest ‘Rand whe minor amade up at A ‘mb on midlenge on Ean pinky roteup-G.€ Move gan wh he Sn. The ony change s that ra going ong. wereinvot poston so-called ‘hum on G mie tiger on an pinky fromm Domino (AD ‘because ou tomb sontheroot onE togenesecondinerion- GCE make music now < Dann ll Tn aa Torov asokeboa sae you reatioge uscd toyurtandosin caterers ate ete Sets COEFETEDCrTonepcerlop thepostenshoenabore Pay through this sequence four times ‘rsa. then play the and togener ‘once again only ths tne it yourthm Index tiie Pay the ntes eters of Inasmoothunfdown sequence ence ‘more ths tine skipping teet-cown D {hating inger eld down, ‘One way to practise scalesisto atternatermaor and minor sales While simuttanecusy ming down the ‘eyboardttom ight tole Heresan ‘vers that does ust that Starting rom the Cabovemadlec pay sone-ertaveC ‘ajo scale un andown the keyboar. thing the tngerna 23. 123454321, ote each te an play tough the rots that round wthout ting ‘eres for developing nae Independence Stary toying te Cand D together wits your tam and index Tiger Eaey enough soar Contre moving on though the ober ingers neaing down and piavng around hat hen and pang than took and dosnt sound very rice whe youre paying butstick att response according ‘on dort stop there -continve down Bnotar tw notes, tough Bt aon ‘Roothisby crossing ver yourthuno while on Calan on he Bh your Indexor mile inger before song Yur thumbontothe A rom there youre Doe or one cave Aminor sae 30. somneaciABC BERGA! Chay. but iter ted endpay the E ‘wth your mite tage followed by the F {remote Then b n ting Yur thumb a0 hat the Cote sustains brougpent >Two-finger challenge ‘rere toplaceyourhanden {abltop and ge a trendtocat ost Fandom pas ofrumbars= say. 26 Sorte tet upeniytne ‘Thiscan be quite chalenge even for experienced payers Alter 3 Tomakethings more interesting. Heuingcompleteathe Aminor scale, keep descending troush GtoF Crossing overtethumb anaplayanF major scale. ABBCDEP.Contue ‘oppin downa couple res ach re {nulyeueatthebettor, Yeu canatrrate ‘Between majrané minor scales meso ‘Bayalmajro strana sess inane ps 35 >make music now Sustaining interest ‘Areal acoustic piano actualy has three pedals from left right, the soft pedal, sostenuto pedal and sustain pedal - but when you're ‘ackling piano parts on a computer ‘musi setup with 2 controler keyboard the only pedal thats essential to getting an authenticresuts the Sustain pedal whichis used to make the notes ring out longer. ‘Onareal piano theres arow of felt dampers that prevent exch string from ringing ‘out when ts not being played. you hita key briefly with the sustain pedal up the note ‘won't sustain ater the key is released Decause wmen you release the key the ‘damper or that not falls back nto pce, utting off the note With the peda down, however the row of dampers s moved away from thestrings so any te you hit wl ring Asustaln peda suchas the Caso SP-20,canbo ‘out for as ong as the string continues to ‘ibrate, or unt the pedals released andthe {dampers returnto their normal position, Insynth terms. it's the equivalent of, inereasing the release time of your amplitude envelope, but the eects turned on and off at ‘ill by operating the pedal. Theresa knack to Combining the timing of the pedal moves with the way your hands are playing the keys has to betimed sa the notes don't all merge together ina clangy.stoday mess. Most keyboard controllers don't come with sustain pedals as standard, soyou'lhavetoinvestinone separately Adecent one should only set oul back around £20 o so, but youl need tocheck that the polarity is compatible with your controller A pedal wired withthe wrong Polarity wil work the opposite of how its Supposed to notes will sustain with the pedal Inthe ‘up position and be dampened witht held down), so make sure you buy the correct pedal, or one that can be switched to sult your keyboard, Mostheybourscontoles haves sustain ped Astong sour pedals Steet the corres polar or our eyboard once connect should prolongnates whe yeurhands oe ‘moved way rom he keybosrain| ‘eter and chord bt you need toe arf nottoovero things Heres fl {he ped down al the tie histime. The ‘mot sviten-eshown inti edtor Toller As youcsn hopetly eer tat Startstogetabitmuch especlyinthe ‘The naweris to nda compromise between the two aproaches Usethe pedal sparing ut etecthely enougnto rabies smooth ranstionetwen hors Ustay. fing tp interaction Sta second before youplay heed chor inasequenceis the wayto go Aaits9 ‘overhang ie Dt etor ater Aswellasclosing up gpsbetween Chords sustains seul for ngs Ie urshes bigs and swanky ‘oekarbe arpengios up and down he ‘eyboard Checkout hs example ot Roe Watemar esque arpeggio layed ‘wah andtthout he sustain peda ‘Siterent octaves ‘The sustain ed ian just reserved for plane parts, though thavetne same fect on 29% of oer keyboard Sounds too amend organs beng the ‘exception nwchcase usualy ontols rotary speser speed Use to ‘eat cere, sustained lon extres, ‘horas ina pad par. bei our framplenere pk ) / make music now < Tecasist jump off point forteaming ‘Thats tortoomany notes. solets rally to get ourE minor bes scale ‘minor blues cle, Tobit we ustake seals Penatole mean vente and ceareeof thee minor seie A owe ‘regular natwalminor seal Heres bur scale currentyhassever so we ned feedan afin tere This ges SEGA, tines an ocarpie .FR.GA BCD totase wo. Tomakea minor pentatone ‘Re BandD ne minor blues sel. T0 SndETheinervac pati forts seae, ‘welt remove the secon) ad eth “opty tt any bey. formulae. sSdescrbed eater STSTTSHT (Gseqees leaving. GA Bora D. SirPractseths aot Itserve you well Basic synth solo techniques Arnoughbasc competency on theplanolskey lavngaythe demandsthe adoption of oneor twoetratecmiques you wort be Siete practic onthe pian. Lke, ‘natarethese weioking wees tothelet ofthe keyboard? Whats aertouchandhow dol {sel Fornow, welladeressone ‘the main ferences between Syizand the piano the foe ‘tatsomesynthsounds are ‘monophonic This meansthoy re Srdtismtummscaneteresa ndthisinturmeanstherese ear ew spec eqns ou ee ou notes arty atin range oftecniques yuan Cnnatobearwniepayea Sereotedoose ate ss ‘opt whenputting togethers mnopranies sone ee _ seasipowton excnnoterananeste Sovomrng synth oto orafunky sek anecie now cumple pce Syratsaremce cme mee Syminbastine How they work ‘rening sre CEB 00s Shosveneeneaanote manne Se nceare acceso trong eestor ore STorttave yet set ctes mut Youtrecurentypayinghas been saeethr recone) Srp tower amplitude envelope retriggers ‘whenever you playa new note, for Instance, or whether or not portamento (lide has been ‘enabled. Youean make ‘monophonicsounds respond dliferenty in subtle ways. eT ‘tyoupay the patiegata, by running ‘res means tat oer than laying the note eats together thatthe Shortnotes onthe Cech tine, ou endoteachneteoverapsthestartot he f canmaketnings easerby smotyatang hate tat allows the sys ampttude {oun tbe Chey ana paying ate other freopeis ony tapered atthe stato ‘ote inte pat When youreease ach thefistnote.Thsresutelnsemoother ‘ote the resumes. Ts sgeat for Sequence -grat when you aan. ‘ving festritsmore essa you only Pertaments or gud tr ext Snes ‘eedto move one ingerteadot 7 > make music now Bending the rules Inthe early 70s, there was.fair amountof expression envy’ from eyboard players towards, ‘ultarists. Afterall, guitarists ‘ould coax maximum ‘expressiveness rom thelr Instruments, ening strings to produceacool,smeoth shiftin pitch - awesome for soloing, in partlcular.50,toeventhings up: Itt, the Minimoog introduced pltchbend whee! so that keyboardists everywhere could ‘emulate that. The knurled plastic Wwheelto the lef the keyboard as used to shift the overalptch ‘ofthe whole instrument, but plersneededtobe abit ‘returning things tothe normal pitch, initially these wheels. Weren't spring-loaded, so hadto bereturnedto the centre position ‘manually -trcky! Other designs Sprung up -ribbon controller andjoysticks, for example ~butit ‘wasnt unt the BOs that Jan Hamme finally malted the combination of keytar, distortion, pltchbendand modulation to really make synth sound likea ‘guitar solo. ‘The modulation hers traction Use tor adding vivtotoasound by ‘ncreasing an LFOS depth col over ‘slater pitch -utitean be wed or ‘ther things suchas adusting ter cut tour example Bare CMs ito soundhasne parameters assigned tothe Most synth pests are programmed amountorbendappied atu stretch Eynispitenbend range Here azo (hts HS Bass Punch Bag preset etto 12/2semtones. ‘Mandal iat into your lad and Youcar apply upwarabends tothe hi fourth anaseventh depres(G Ad Yeurcan todo ful semitone ‘downeardbendto achieve octave ses, Lets stitup to contol ate, Vato is achieved by using one ofthe Sys Fs ow frequency oscar) 10 ‘modulate thei of tne mainoeliators. “The Mod wheeisaeadyrkas toLFO Depth, neste bythe orange et el below te Amp Mod contol heLFO1 Uptomemax. Now. youplay note and move the pchbend wheal tostulestextent “ptwosemtones or down 2. Hold down heey upwards Were now lying 8 1D-2semtones her Bevangitalihe ‘ay down, however produces alow chive by holing ante an ‘api cing o taping te ptenbend Sight ike how 2 guitars spots ‘ato ta note by wing the sting Dackand rth le appli tithe ona Grote atthe startof bar Zot our ‘The trgetforthe maton witbe ‘teptenefesclltersowedrowa \iual cable between the LO outpted theFreq Mod Depth contra PMCoarse) Inthe separa Ta tesco uy it en Sle ants fom te BO Sem menu Moving the whee nv osuces ao, thespoed of wien sealed byLFOTS CELEBRATING THE SONGS AND SOUNDS OF THE GREATEST DECADE IN MUSIC From Britpop to girl power, Europop to boy bands, look back on the ups and downs of icons such as Madonna, Michael Jackson and Britney Spears, and reminisce about the greatest musical moments of the decade. >make music now Vintage vibes ‘Thanksto the genius of software developers, who'vemanaged the ‘mind-boggling task of replicating almost every vintage keyboard ‘made in plugin form thatean be loaded nto aDAW and conjured Lupwith the click ofamouse, today's computer musohas never had itso good when t ‘comes o getting theirhands~ literally -on pretty much any ‘exotic or esoteric keyboard from Saysof yore. Manufacturers such as Native Instruments, Arturia ‘and Modartthave come up with brillant products tke Komplete, {Analog Lab andPlanoteqto name bbutatew,meaning thatthe entire gamut of sought after keyboard sounds from Wurlters nd Rhodes to Mellotrons and Minimoogsare accessible ata fractionof thecostof the real thing. you want thereat shimmering tones ofa Hammond ‘3organ through aLesilerotary speaker, ora Stevie Wonder clav sound, you gotit! However fora really authentic sound, it paysto know lite bitabout how each ‘Would actually played, asthey ‘each demand their own afferent plano/keyboard technique. Crsan keys ot wth ‘sony way tomatethem aust Intend onsen ovachte sec ot ton Gran 9 Rovtt Pye oes ‘pena spects inte Staceata unk rym cho partly when sing te sharpened ‘serine on pa os the race note Sling trom rere onto te fith combine Srgannit aeshown here, Crganshaveno lenient featre, > ‘notes rota stirs ita ther pavng To ‘lay oace note quklfekthenate ‘ne semitone tothe your tet ‘ote usigte inger total the one youTeabouttouse oplaytheman note (tssando, acheved by running your ‘and up and down the keys Youcan ne “moot into whatever follows Here (Cem 6 wth the int Perna the funkiest ofa kevboaes Instruments the cline responds wellto short staccato paying Wellaaaa {a porto the example ema previous {uteri using Planoteg Clay CLIBasle preset wth some compression addegto Faréen up the attack ot tesour tart by forming G major trad(8, and) with ‘merighthand as shown 40 ith yourlethanaformanoctaveon twolew Enotes effectively making an Emi chora when bothnands ae paves {ogethe magne paying bongos witha Teanatpattern,butony comet with thekayboerd onsome beats Aternate between he to notes myer werlang tiem eo therythm nada ‘ong wthtnengh mand Solttnechordin yuri hand Detwean your tum on Ban your Index an pny tages on Dan then rocktatwean he two shes of he chord Thekey oe god cy pat the bounce iting re keys wth short cippeastaes ‘nee the bate rythn prt i estates wwecantl thegaps wit ighthandris Aftertouch explained ‘Mtertouch -also known as pressure Isanother type of MIDI controller message that keyboard controllers can generate. Like pitchoend, aftertouch srt grouped in with the continuous ontrler that constitute CC numbers F127 ke anor MDI volume), but instead has its own Classification as an independent type of MIDI Signal It produces information based anhow hard youpress the Keys down after you've Intaly played them andits this data that can be assigned to various parametersin your synth tocontrol things ~eg, changing the LPF cutott ‘frequency for making morerealistic brass swells altering the pitch ofa guitar sample for String bend effects or nreasing the depth of an FO for acing vibrato. ‘There ae twotypesofatertouch, the most common which channel aftertouch Tiss wine a series of force-sensing resistors beneath Srecapabieo goreratingatertouch, bata crek wate ooo oe ‘watching your computer sere Your Dawei sett ieator acho ae ‘eneraing ater, xing on the Soureecoturn in thetst empty row of the matt Gow ain this case reveals ast al theappicable sources fr us to choose ftom To selet attetouch choose the found by looking for tert one down ‘roma top. thekeys of your controler measures theaverage pressure being apated tothe keyed and produces a MiDIcontrlsignal based ‘onthis changing valve Effectively, thismeans that theharder youpress, the higher he value the ‘generated signal. The second type known 35. key o polyphonic atertouch, relies on the same principle, but thistime each key onthe Controller generatesits own signal. outputting ‘value thateorresponds to that key. cater than theaverage othe keyoardasa whole. This inereases the expressive potential considera, asevery key can send diferent values as you play. This typeof affertouch used tobe ulte program atertovc response toa atin ony ayn hat suppor For ‘eam veload up Oune CMs 22 EartnViews RL preset anc ply 9 ‘et canta ae ngs keysafter ne ntiaimpsct 500 ‘elponsetoatertoucas ben st. We atthe aftertoun dat to contol thefiterscutot requency so select Finers>FiterCutofTin the Destination Column The routings now all set up 50 Sete amountot eect generated when \wepress down onthe eye Asetingof bout es01sa good starthgpont Enter 0 / make music now < eum teiensQuensssupportspohponatertouch ‘are, owing tthe amount of data itcan ‘generate, butisnow supported an increasing ‘umber of devices tke Keith MeMilen Instruments! QuNexus and CME Xkey USS Mobile MIDI Keyboar ‘Many synth presets wialeady havesome kindof aftertouch response buttin, but ‘knowing how toad this fcity to talor the behaviour of particular sound that doesnt already feature ts defiately worth knowing. fr ecenseaterouchtoopen the {ter sothesound gets brighter as We press down onthe keys Dune OM. ertoucnsIabehed = ATouch sri ‘signed your desea parameterin the ‘cotfl panel Chekthe button abet No.when weholsa not down, we ‘anconvl the opening and clsing of ‘nett by how hare we press on heey. Inthe case of chametatertouch since ‘hctiect generate by anton sensor Beneath te eys, you only needto press. with one ger not aif them, when Foting down chor a >make music now Setting up those knobs on your controller When sythesisrstest appeared, thethingthatplayersioved most - apart trom their sound, obviously - ‘was theirtweakablity Thoserows ofkmobsandbuttonsonthefront paneljustitehedtobemessed with Guringa performance Themodern ‘computer-based equivalents of, analoguesynthsaremuchiess tactleby comparison. Moving Virtualknobs onscreen witha ‘mousejustistthesame-notto ‘mentiontrickyteaccompiishin the ‘middle of 2010. Luckily controler keyboard rmanufacturershave caught onto this and many currentmodels porta generous array of user- assignablehardware controlsthat Cantranstoemyourfavourlte software syns at, virtual control ‘paneintoa propery tweakable, hands-on experience ‘The controls on your keyboard witlmestke flint three main {ypesrotary encoders tadersand switenes youneed to adjust, withinasetrange ot values, fader, Wwithitseasyvisblestartandend Points isa goodbet. However the current parameter setting fers from tefaderspysicalpostion, theremay beabigjumpin values when youmovelt.onversly, rotaryencodersrotate continuously tough 360 degrees, incrementing or deerementing values by one romwerever the current parameter valueisset, sit Younced toadjustsettings witout abigjump,arotary encoder willdo Uhetrck Meanwhile, switches are ‘moresultedto ont controlske mite or sol buttons. ‘Allyouhavetodoistelthe synth whatitncedstodo whenit Fecelvesa continuouscontroler "MiDImessage roma particular control Heres howtosetupthe knobsand faderson your controler sothatyoucanusethem notjustto performand changesoundsin real time, buttorecordthose changes Into your DAW for posterity. «a apabcular software sy parameter In Surtestoxame were going to assign ‘ier catoin Bate Cito aotary encoder on our Akai MPX2A9. To begin ‘Wandelt the Antivirus reset Next simpy movethe dese contvl njcerdevetosetiptne onto messape ansmtedby tre nopyou stmoveato the promt ‘youtselected i youpsay sound nd wiagethe cont youTseeand hear {halter opening andlosing coring. Again. walt contol you want to {ee on our devi for hat pramete ere were assigning one ofthemacosin {he fae preset tartar encoder on he ‘Al MPR249 your error has ‘tacos os sepals conlanaseowhat Kindo un you canta tweoing hem you ‘ose. iniche can math the ML hardware contralto any parameter thats urinate green We wart to asso ter Baalecscontral iter pet Asarother example, heres how odo > meine ogi ane 8 ‘Sopposedio «ital meso tne ene Synths ease, sms igheclexon ‘Once assoned youcanrecorsthe changes nto your DAW as sutomation meaning thatthe be Played back nal her ory. Tis such aay way to get movement to your trees that nce youve worked authow to ‘sn youravouiteconvosin your favourtesynts youll never wantto 90 bocktostae sound again! fo) = WV make music now / {ic Hook theory basics ‘Askahundred big shot songwriters how they ‘come up with thelr hooks, and youl geta hundred dfferentanewers. But when comes towritinga solid, catchy earworm, two things remain consistent frst often youjusthaveto ‘getlucky, and second, you'llknow itwhen ‘Youhearit-Iustlike our audience. ‘Generating memorablehooks ean bea challenge for even the most experienced tunesmith, and vast amounts of ime have often been spent in pursuit a theuitimate hook. The chalenge|stofind something that's completely unique. while at the same time fing nto thefamitar muslal landscape: ‘memorable enough tobe recalled, but not so Infectous that tbecomes annoying oes run tougha few nal considerations that wl help get your priorities stralght Keep it simple When trying to come up witha dynamite hook, simpler i often better Memorable moti'stend {tobe the ones that most peoplefindeasestto remember th sort of thing you only have to hear once tobe abletosingitback. Thats the reacon we use the word hook: I's meant to lock Instantly nt your branand lodge tere. From Beethoven to Beyoncé theruleof simplicity holds true. Overstep your audience’ comprehension and you've blown t So what about the musical content of your ear candy? Notes and chords There are to main schools of thought whenit ‘comes to‘composing'a hook. Some writers prefer to come up with a melodichook fst then vensone otehonk neds isnot chosing wey fitan appropriate set of chords underneath, hile others refer to start out witha chore progression andl come up with something that ftsover the top.None ofthese are beter 25 with most aspects of composition and production its mostly a matter of personal taste ‘and experimenting tating themethod that works best for you musictheory sit your strong suits Drobably easlertostart fwithanexisting set of chords and sketch out your ine instinctively. ‘This approach alo has the benefit of alowing Yyouto use MDI transformers such as AutoTonic {Gi tree with themag this month to lock Incoming MIDI data toa scale or key that you ‘know wi work wth te chords ving you the freedom tojust plonkaway randomly and come Lupwith something that sounds great if you ‘need afew pointers, look no further than our ‘exhaustive uldeto Chords & Scales inemz34, Sonow that wehave a workflow in mind we want to reconsider the ookmelsters manta ‘implicty se. But what does that actually ‘mean in practical terms? Wel, ts simplest. even though t might seem Ikea bit ofan uncool ‘approach fst, sometimes the more chigish And nursery shymesque your mots the beter. Sofellowing that logic the simplest type of hook isthe monotone chant thatjust sticks on tone note and ammersithome witha catchy ‘rythm Lets takealook at how you might go about Ground up: a one-note hook yt and syncopationaeastnpotanasthe nates that rm ts ype of hook but wel get deeper into rhythm ater on, or ur st. Conrieration wth note do you actualy lek? "Themostobvous choc wouldbethe rootnoteortorcof he key youre in bitte thos obvioustet aay what works test Ferinstance checkout the chorus hook the Fecent ite Mix single Shout Out To My x {oiuvtMehoutout asan example sn the key fF malo but hehook is ented around the fete note. By gohngtor the tn rather han theroot sven tie whole chorus paiclr teetng-therestenson causedbytheneedto Tesolvebackto the roo which would be absent iftyenook were used on nthe st place "can aso get reat est by ping 3 note thats somehow atoads withthe rack - fattened seventnfor example thetune isin thekeyof€ major youcoulstryarepented noteasyourheok. ‘As youadd mere notes to your hook, makes sensetosiay ante bountaies the parenh, Scaleolthe fey yourein-inother words the sett notes that Gefinethe key ofthe sng. The tore notes ou ade the more complex your Took wl become together tte aed isk citbecoming ees memorable so fning the happy medum's your overall goa \, leidupanintancectanile ci | Seetecicrne cet ‘reronte tant ae changete SoncestneeSeriobeoare 46 > totheinpto ener section Then rag acabietrom the Piz output ofthe er section to then or Out 2 12aslectavelow passer between te uit andthe utp Sete ier {tof to 20 sim et some ofthe upper harmonics making the sound smoother dens bg 2 inte te secton set the Mode > parameter ioRate nae Amount io 3. Thswitada ity pen swoop othe ‘detu ely fect works estas CGickthesavebuston athe oprntto 3

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