1998-05 TEST 1

STRUCTURES
1. ………… a major role in future planetary exploration.
(A) Robots will surely play (B) Robots, which will surely play
(C) Because robots will surely be playing (D) Surely robots, which will be playing
2. Unlike the owl, bats cannot see very well, but they do have ...............
(A) it hears very well (B) very good to hear
(C) tearing very well (D) very good hearing
3. Comparatively few clues in the United Slates have competing newspapers today, a major
change from 1900 ………… more than two newspapers.
(A) because then most large cities having (B) when did most large cities have
(C) then most large cities that had (D) when most large cities had
4. Witch hazel extract,………….. distilled from the bark and twigs of the witch hazel shrub,
has been utilized in medicine.
(A) is (B) when to be (C) which is (D) has been
5……………. touching in O. Henry's stories is the gallantry with which ordinary people
struggle to maintain their dignity.
(A) Most is (B) It mostly is (C) Is it most (D) What is most
6. The face of the Moon is changed by collisions with meteoroids, ………… new craters to
appear.
(A) cause (B) causing (C) caused (D) have cause
7. Social scientists believe that ……………. from sounds such as grunts and barks made by
early ancestors of human beings.
(A) the very slow development of language (B) language developed very slowly
(C) language which, was very slow to develop (D) language, very slowly developing
8. …………… substances include various forms of silica, pumice, and emery.
(A) Natural abrasives occur (B) Abrasion occurs in natural
(C) Naturally occurring abrasive (D) A natural occurrence of abrasion
9. …………. in the upper part of their longthin legs allow deer to run swiftly and jump far.
(A) Muscles are powerful (B) There are powerful muscles
(C)The powerful muscles that (D) Powerful muscles
10. Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the
magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites…………… by early humans.
(A) occupied (B) occupying (C) which occupy (D) were occupied
11. ................ technically proficient; it also explores psychological questions.
(A) Not only is Barbara Astman's artwork (B) Not only Barbara Asiman's artwork
(C) Barbara Astman’s artwork, which is not only (D) Barbara Astman's artwork not only
12. Although Canada's Parliament can neither administer or enforce laws initiate policy, it
does have the power to make laws and vote on the allocation of funds.
(A) not (B) nor (C) and (D) either
13. Willa Cather considered her novel of life in nineteenth-century Nebraska, My Antonia,
………..
(A) was her best work (B) her best work
(C) her best work it was (D) being her best work
14. First designated in 1970, Earth Day has become an annual international event
…………… concerns about environmental issues such as pollution.
(A) dedicated to raising (B) dedicated raising
(C) dedicates to raise (D) that dedicates to raising
15. In 1992 Albert Gore, Jr., the son of a former United States senator, became Vice
President of the United States.
(A) who was the forty-fifth (B) and the forty-fifth
(C) the forty-fifth (D) he was the forty-fifth
16. Although Christopher Columbus failed in his original goal, the discoveries he did make
A B
were as important than the route to Asia he expected to find.
C D
17. Martha Graham, a leading figure in modern dance, made she debut in 1920 with the
A B C D
Denishawn School.
18. In the United States, the federal government is responsible to regulating the working
A B
conditions in factories.
C D
19. Jupiter is a gaseous planet with an atmosphere composed most of hydrogen and helium.
A B C D
20. Throughout her career Georgia O'Keeffe paid meticulous attention to her craft; her
A B
Brushes were always clean, her colors fresh and brightness. -> ( bright)
C D
21. Hydrogen the nine most abundant element in the Earth's crust, is an odorless, colorless,
A B C
and tasteless gas.
D
22. Salamanders are frequently to be find in moist, wooded areas. -> ( found)
A B C D
23. Steam engines have been replaced in most cases by more economical and efficiency ->
(efficient)
A B C D
devices, such as the electric motor.
24. Traditionally, the Fourth of July is celebrated in the United States with political speeches,
A B
picnics, and most important of all, a displayed of fireworks at night.
C D
25. The style of used in cartoon animation range from relatively realistic representations of
A B C
everyday life to the most romantic and impossible fantasy.
D
26. Ordinary beaver dams vary in length from a few feet to a hundred feet or more than.
A B C D
27. In the United State, presidential elections are held once every four year. -> years
A B C D
28. Except of the freeh and toe, the feet of the gull are fully webbed.
A B C D
29. Teaching machines are devices that can store instructionally information, present
A
displays, receive responses from a learner, and act on those responses. ->instructional
 B C D
30. Challotte PerkinsGilman is known primarily as an author of short stories, but she also
wrote
A B
an influential book argued for equal economic opportunities for women
C D
31. In some areas of the United States, unfavorable climate or -> and soil make farming an
impossible
A B C D
task.
32. Naturalists have identified at least four hundred of species of mammals and six hundred
A B
types of birds in the state of California.
C D
33. Instead of tooth,-> teeth the blue whale has a row of bony plates in its mouth that
functions as a
A B C D
food-collecting device.
34. Murres are black-and-white driving birds that mate every five or six years and lay only a
A B
single egg at time. -> a time
C D
35. A bar code consists thiếu ofa pattern of lines and bars that a computer can translate into
A B C
information.
D
36. Hummingbirds are the only birds that can fly to backwards. ->bỏ to
A B C D
37. Fluorine, a greenish-yellow gas that is slightly heavy -> heavier than air is poisonous and
corrosive
A B C
and has a penetrating and disagreeable odor.
 D
38. The Everglades, a large swamp area is an -> a unique wilderness extending over much of
A B C D
southern Florida.
39. Each year millions of tons of fertile topsoil that could produce good crops washed -> is
washed away by
A B C D
rains.
40. Since the 1950's, folk music has had a significant influence on many -> muchvocal and
instrumental ( music k đếm được dùng much)
A B C D
music.
READING COMPREHENSION
Questions 1-11
Before the 1500's, the western plains of North America were dominated by farmers.
One group, the Mandans, lived in the upper Missouri River country, primarily in present-day
North Dakota. They had large villages of houses built close together. The tight arrangement
enabled the Mandans to protect themselves more easily from the attacks of others who might
seek to obtain some of the food these highly capable farmers stored from one year to the next.
The women had primary responsibility for the fields. They had to exercise
considerable skill to produce the desired results, for their northern location meant fleeting
growing seasons. Winter often lingered; autumn could be ushered in by severe frost. For good
measure, during the spring and summer, drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other
frustrations might await the wary grower.
Under such conditions, Mandan women had to grow maize capable of weathering
adversity. They began as early as it appeared feasible to do so in the spring. clearing the land,
using fire to clear stubble from the fields and then planting. From this point until the first
green corn could be harvested, the crop required labor and vigilance.
Harvesting proceeded in two stages. In August the Mandans picked a smaller amount
of the crop before it had matured fully. This green corn was boiled, dried, and shelled, with
some of the maize slated for immediate consumption and the rest stored in animal-skin bags.
Later in the fall, the people picked corn. They saved the best of the harvest for seeds or for
trade, with the remainder eaten right away or stored for later use in underground reserves.
With appropriate banking of the extra food, the Mandans protected themselves against the
disaster of crop failure and accompanying hunger. ( planned for the future)
The women planted another staple, squash, about the first of June, and harvested it
near the time of the green corn harvest. After they picked it, they sliced it, dried it, and strung
the slices before they stored them. Once again, they saved the seed from the best of the year's
crop. The Mandans also grew sunflowers and tobacco; the latter was the particular task of the
old men.
1. The Mandans built their houses close together in order to
(A) guard their supplies of food (B) protect themselves against the weather
(C) allow more room for growing corn (D) share farming implements
2. The word "enabled" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) covered (B) reminded (C) helped (D) isolated
3. The word "considerable" in line 6 is closest in meaning to ( đáng kể)
(A) planning (B) much (C) physical (D) flew
4. Why does the author believe that the Mandans were skilled farmers?
(A) They developed effective fertilizers.
(B) They developed new varieties of corn.
(C) They could grow crops in most types of soil.
(D) They could grow crops despite adverse weather.
5. The word "consumption" in line 17 is closest in meaning to ( tiêu thụ , sử dụng)
(A) decay (B) planting (C) eating (D) conversion
6. Which of the following processes does the author imply was done by both men and
women?
(A) Clearing fields (B) Planting corn (C) Harvesting corn (D) harvesting
squash.
7. The word "disaster" ( thảm họa ) in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) control (B) catastrophe ( thảm khốc ) (C) avoidance
(D)history
8. According to the passage, the Mandans preserved their food by ( bảo quản )
(A) smoking (B) drying ( phơi khô) (C) freezing (D)
salting
9. The word "it" in line 25 refers to
(A) June (B) corn (C) time (D) squash ( bí đao)
10. Which of the following crops was cultivated primarily by men
(A) Corn (B) Squash (C) Sunflower (D) Tobacco
11. Throughout the passage, the author implies that the Mandans
(A) planned for the future (B) valued individuality
(C) were open to strangers (D) were very adventurous ( phiêu lưu)
Questions 12-20
The elements other than hydrogen and helium exist In such small quantities that it is
accurate to say that the universe somewhat more than 25 percent helium by weight and
somewhat less than 25 percent hydrogen.
Astronomers have measured the abundance of helium throughout our galaxy and in
other galaxies as well. Helium has been found In old stars, in relatively young ones, in
interstellar gas, and in the distant objects known as quasars. Helium nuclei have also been
found to be constituents of cosmic rays that fall on the earth (cosmic "rays" are not really a
form of radiation; they consist of rapidly moving particles of numerous different kinds). It
doesn't seem to make very much difference where the helium is found. Its relative abundance
never seems to vary much. In some places, there may be slightly more of it; In others, slightly
less, but the ratio of helium to hydrogen nuclei always remains about the same.
Helium is created in stars. In fact, nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium
are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce. However, the amount of helium that
could have been produced in this manner can be calculated, and it turns out to be no more
than a few percent. The universe has not existed long enough for this figure to he
significantly greater. Consequently, if the universe is somewhat more than 25 percent helium
now, then it must have been about 25 percent helium at a time near the beginning.
However, when the universe was less than one minute old, no helium could have
existed. Calculations indicate that before this time temperatures were too high and particles of
matter were moving around much too rapidly. It was only after the one-minute point that
helium could exist. By this time, the universe had cooled sufficiently that neutrons and
protons could stick together. But the nuclear reactions that led to the formation of helium
went on for only a relatively short time. By the time the universe was a few minutes old,
helium production had effectively ceased.
12. What does the passage mainly explain?
(A) How stars produce energy
(B) The difference between helium and hydrogen
(C) When most of the helium in the universe was formed
(D) Why hydrogen is abundant
13. According to the passage, helium is ( khí heli)
(A) the second-most abundant element in the universe ( dồi dào )
(B) difficult to detect
(C) the oldest element in the universe
(D) the most prevalent element in quasars ( yếu tố phổ biến )
14. The word "constituents" in line 7 is closest in meaning to ( thành phần )
(A) relatives (B) causes (C) components (D) targets
15. Why does the author mention "cosmic rays'' in line 7? ( các tia vũ trụ )
(A) As part of a list of things containing helium
(B) As an example of an unsolved astronomical puzzle
(C) To explain how the universe began
(D) To explain the abundance of hydrogen in the universe
16. The word "vary" in line 10 is closest its meaning to ( thay đổi )
(A) mean (B) stretch (C) change (D) include
17. The creation of helium within stars
(A) cannot be measured
(B) produces energy
(C) produces hydrogen as a by-product
(D) causes helium to be much more abundant In old stars than In young star
18. The word "calculated" in line 14 is closest in meaning to 9 (cậy vào, tin vào)
(A) ignored (B)converted (C)increased (D)determined
19. Most of the helium in the universe was formed
(A) in interstellar space (B) in a very short time
(C) during the first minute of the universe's existence (D) before most of the hydrogen
20. The word "ceased" in line 24 is closest in meaning to ( chấm dứt)
(A) extended (B) performed (C) taken hold (D) stopped
Questions 21-30
In colonial America, people generally covered their beds with decorative quilts
resembling those of the lands from which the quitters had come. Wealthy and socially
prominent settlers made quilts of the English type, cut from large lengths of cloth of the same
color and texture rather than stitched together from smaller pieces. They mad these until the
advent of the Revolutionary War in I 775, when everything English came to be frowned
upon.
Among the whole-cloth quilts made by these wealthy settlers during the early period
are those now called linsey-woolseys. This term was usually applied to a fabric of wool and
linen used In heavy clothing and quilted petticoats worn in the wintertime. Despite the name,
linsey-woolsey bedcovers did not often contain linen. Rather, they were made of a lop layer
of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool
fiber dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either
natural or a shade of yellow. The filling was a soft layer of wool which had been cleaned and
separated and the three layers were held together with decorative stitching done with
homespun linen thread. Later, cotton thread WM used for this purpose. The design of the
stitching was often a simple one composed of interlocking circles or crossed diagonal lines
giving a diamond pattern.
This type of heavy, warm, quilted bedcover was so large that it hung to the floor. The
corners are cut out at the foot of the cover so that the quilt fit snugly around the tall four-
poster, beds of the 1700's, which differed from those of today in that they were shorter and
wider; they were short because people slept in a semi-sitting position with many bolsters or
pillows, and wide, because each bed often slept three or more. The linsey-woolsey covering
was found in the colder regions of the country because of the warmth it afforded. There was
no central heating and most bedrooms did not have fireplaces.
21. What does this passage mainly discuss?
(A) The processing of wool (B) Linsey-woolsey bedcovers
(C) Sleeping habits of colonial Americans (D) Quilts made in England
22. The word "prominent" in line 3 is closest in meaning to ( nổi bật )
(A) isolated (B) concerned (C) generous (D) distinguished
23. The author mention the Revolutionary War as a time period when
(A) quills were supplied to the army
(B) more immigrants arrived from England
(C) quills imported from England became harder to find
(D) people's attitudes toward England changed.
24. The phrase "applied to" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) sewn onto (B) compared to (C) used for (D) written down on
25. The term "linsey-woolsey" originally meant fabric used primarily in ( vải nữa len nữa
sợi )
(A) quilts ( mền ) (B) sheets (C) clothing (D) pillows
26. The word "coarser" in line 13 is closest in meaning to( thô )
(A) older (B) less heavy (C) more attractive (D) rougher
27. The quilts described in the second and third paragraphs were made primarily of
(A) wool (B) linen (C) cotton (D) a mixture of fabrics
28. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the sleeping habits of most Americans
have changed since the 1700's in all the following ways EXCEPT
(A) the position in which people sleep
(B) the numbers of bolsters or pillows people sleep on
(C) the length of time people sleep
(D) the number of people who sleep in one bed
29. The word "afforded" in line 24 is closest in meaning to ( đủ khả năng)
(A) provided (B) spent (C) avoided (D) absorbed
30. Which of the following was most likely to be found in a bedroom in the colder areas of
the American colonies?
(A) A linsey-woolsey (B) A vent from a central healing system
(C) A fireplace (D) A wood stove
Questions 31-40
Growing tightly packed together and collectively weaving a dense canopy of
branches, a stand of red alder trees can totally dominate a site to the exclusion of almost
everything else. Certain species such as salmonberry and sword ferns have Lineadapted to the
limitedsunlight dappling through the canopy, but few evergreen trees(S)will survive there;
still fewer can compete with the early prodigious growth of alders. A Douglas fir tree reaches
its maximum rate of growth ten years later than an alder, and if the two of them begin life at
the same time, the alder quickly outgrows and dominates the Douglas fir. After an alder
canopy has closed, the Douglas fir suffers a marked decrease in growth, often dying within
seven years. Even more shade-tolerant species of trees such as hemlock may remain badly
suppressed beneath aggressive young alders.
Companies engaged in intensive timber cropping naturally take a dim view of alders
suppressing more valuable evergreen trees. But times are changing; a new generation of
foresters seems better prepared to Include in their management plans consideration of the
vital ecological role alders, play.
Among the alder's valuable ecological contributions is its capacity to fix nitrogen in
nitrogen deficient soils. Alder roots contain clusters of nitrogen-fixing nodules like those
found on legumes such as beans. in addition, newly developing soils exposed by recent
glacier retreat and planted with alders show that these trees are applying the equivalent of ten
bags of high-nitrogen fertilizer to each hectare per year. Other chemical changes to soil in
which they are growing Include a lowering of the base content and rise In soil acidity, as well
as a substantial addition of carbon and calcium. to the soil.
Another important role many alders play in the wild, particularly in mountainous
areas, is to check the rush of water during spring melt. In Japan and elsewhere, the trees are
planted to stabilize soil on steep mountain slopes. Similarly, alders have been planted to
stabilize and rehabilitate waste material left over from old mines, flood deposits, and
landslide areas in both Europe and Asia.
31. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Differences between alder trees and Douglas fir trees
(B) Alder trees as a source of timber
(C) Management plans for using alder trees to improve soil
(D) The relation of alder trees to their forest environments
32. The word "dense" in line 1 is closest in meaning to ( ngu , đầy đặn )
(A) dark (B) tall (C) thick (D) broad
33. Alder trees can suppress the growth of nearby trees by depriving them of ( ngăn chặn)
( tước đoạt , cướp lấy)
(A) nitrogen (B) sunlight (C) soil nutrients (D)water
34. Thc passage suggests that Douglas fir trees are
(A) a type of alder (B) a type of evergreen
(C) similar to sword ferns (D) fast-growing trees
35. It can be inferred from paragraph I that hemlock trees
(A) are similar in size to alder trees.
(B) interfere with the growth of Douglas fir trees
(C) reduce the number of alder trees in the forest
(D) need less sunlight than do Douglas fir trees
36. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that previous generations of foresters ( người đi rừng)
(A) did not study the effects of alders on forests
(B) did not want alders In forests
(C) harvested alders for lumber
(D) used alders to control the growth of evergreens
37. The word "they" in line 20 refers to
(A) newly developing soils (B) alders (C) bags (D) chemical changes
38. According to the passage that alders are used in mountainous areas to
(A) nitrogen (B) calcium (C) carbon (D) oxygen
39. It can be Inferred from the passage that alders are used in mountainous areas to
(A) prevent water from carrying away soil (B) hold the snow
(C) protect mines (D) provide material for housing
40. What is the author's main purpose in the passage?
(A) To argue that alder trees are useful in forest management
(B) To explain the life cycle of alder trees
(C) To criticize the way alders take over and eliminate forests
(D) To illustrate how alder trees control soil erosion
Questions 41-50
In taking ups new life across the Atlantic, the early European settlers of the United
States did not abandon the diversions with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the
tedium of life. Neither the harshness of existence on the new continent nor Line the scattered
population nor the disapproval of the clergy discouraged the majority from the pursuit of
pleasure.
City and country dwellers. of course. conducted this pursuit in different ways. Farm
dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also
thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to combine fun
with purpose. No other set of colonists too so seriously one expression of the period. "Leisure
Is time for doing something useful." in the countryside farmers therefore relieved the burden
of the daily routine with such relaxation as hunting, fishing, and trapping. When a neighbor
needed help, families rallied from miles around to assist in building a house or barn, husking
corn, shearing sheep. or chopping wood. Food, drink, and celebration after the group work
provided relaxation and soothed weary muscles.
The most eagerly anticipated social events were the rural fairs. Hundreds of men,
women, and children attended from far and near. The men bought or traded farm animals and
acquired needed merchandise while the women displayed food prepared in their kitchens, and
everyone, Including the youngsters, watched or participated in a variety of competitive
sports, with prizes awarded to the winners. These events typically included horse races,
wrestling matches, and foot races, as well as some nonathletic events such as whistling
competitions. No other occasions did so much to relieve the isolation of farm existence.
With the open countryside everywhere at hand, city dwellers naturally shared in some
of the rural diversions. Favored recreations included fishing, hunting1 skating, and
swimming. But city dwellers also developed other pleasures. which only compact
communities made possible.
41. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) Methods of farming used by early settlers of the United States
(B) Hardships faced by the early settlers of the United States
(C) Methods of buying, selling, and trading used by early settlers of the United States
(D) Ways in which early settlers of the United States relaxed
42. What can be inferred about the diversions of the early settlers of the United States?
(A) They followed a pattern begun in Europe.
(B) They were enjoyed more frequently than in Europe.
(C) The clergy organized them.
(D) Only the wealthy participated in them.
43. Which of the following can be said about the country dwellers' attitude toward "the
pursuit of pleasure"?
(A) They felt that it should help keep their minds on their work.
(B) They felt that it was not necessary.
(C) They felt that it should be. productive.
(D) They felt that it should not involve eating and drinking.
44. The phrase "thanks to" in line 7-8 is closest in meaning to
(A)grateful for (B) help with (C) because of (D) machines for
45. The word "their" in line 7 refers to
(A) ways (B) farm dwellers (C) demands (D) pressures
46. What is meant by the phrase "double-purpose" in line 11 ? ( mục đích kép)
(A) Very frequent (B) Useful and enjoyable
(C) Extremely necessary (D) Positive and negative
47. The phrase "eagerly anticipated" in line 15 is closest in meaning to ( háo hức mong đợi)
(A) well organized (B) old-fashioned (C) strongly opposed (D) looked forward to
48. Which of the following can be said about the rural diversions mentioned in the last
paragraph in which city dwellers also participated?
(A) They were useful to the rural community.
(B) They involved the purchase items useful in the home.
(C) They were activities that could be done equally easily in the towns.
(D) They were all outdoor activities.
49. What will the author probably discuss in the paragraph following this passage?
(A) The rural diversions enjoyed by both urban and rural people
(B) Leisure activities of city dwellers
(C) Building methods of the early settlers in rural areas
(D) Changes in the lifestyles of settlers' as they moved to the cities
50. Where in the passage does the author mention factors that might prevent people from
enjoying themselves?
(A) Lines 3-5 (B) Lines 12-14 (C) Lines 17-20 (D)Lines 25-27