List of economic crises

This is a list of economic crises and depressions.

1st century
Financial crisis of 33

The result of the mass issuance of unsecured loans by main Roman banking houses.[1]

3rd century
Crisis of the Third Century

7th century
Coin exchange crisis of 692. Byzantine emperor Justinian II refuses to accept tribute from the Umayyad
Caliphate with new Arab gold coins for fear of exposing double counting in the Byzantine financial system
(actual weight less, than nominal quantity), which leads to the Battle of Sebastopolis and the revolt of
taxpayers who burned financial officials in a copper bull. Justinian II was tortured by cutting off his nose in
front of spectators at the Hippodrome. Twenty Years' Anarchy begins.

14th century
14th century banking crisis (the crash of the Peruzzi and the Bardi family Compagnia dei
Bardi in 1345).

17th century
Kipper und Wipper (1618–22) financial crisis at the start of the Thirty Years' War
Tulip mania (1637) an economic bubble that burst, hurting the economy of the Dutch
Republic
The General Crisis (1640) Arguably the largest worldwide crisis in history

18th century
Great Tobacco Depression (1703) (British America)[2]
South Sea Bubble (1720) (UK)
Mississippi Company (1720) (France)
Crisis of 1763 – started in Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of Leendert Pieter de Neufville
and Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky, spread to Germany and Scandinavia
Great East Indian Bengal Bubble Crash (1769) (India) Crash started by the rapid
overvaluation of the East India Company.
 Crisis of 1772 – started in London and Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of the bankers
Neal, James, Fordyce, and Down.
War of American Independence Financing Crisis (1776) (United States) – The French
monarchy went deeply into debt to finance its 1.4 billion livre support for the colonial rebels;
Spain invested 700 million reales.[2]
Panic of 1785 – United States
Panic of 1792 – United States
Panic of 1796–1797 – Britain and United States

19th century
Danish state bankruptcy of 1813
Post-Napoleonic depression (post-1815) (England)
Panic of 1819, a U.S. recession with bank failures; culmination of U.S.'s first boom-to-bust
economic cycle
Panic of 1825, a pervasive British recession in which many banks failed, nearly including
the Bank of England
Panic of 1837, a U.S. recession with bank failures, followed by a 5-year depression
Panic of 1847, started as a collapse of British financial markets associated with the end of
the 1840s railway industry boom
Panic of 1857, a U.S. recession with bank failures
Panic of 1866, was an international financial downturn that accompanied the failure of
Overend, Gurney and Company in London
Great Depression of British Agriculture (1873–1896)
Long Depression (1873–1896)
Panic of 1873, a US recession with bank failures, followed by a four-year depression
Panic of 1884
Panic of 1890
Panic of 1893, a US recession with bank failures
Australian banking crisis of 1893
Panic of 1896

20th century

1900s
Panic of 1901, a U.S. economic recession that started with a fight for financial control of the
Northern Pacific Railway
Panic of 1907, a U.S. economic recession with bank failures

1920s
Depression of 1920–21, a U.S. economic recession following the end of WW1.
 Wall Street Crash of 1929 and Great Depression (1929–1939) the worst depression of
modern history

1970s
1970s energy crisis
OPEC oil price shock (1973)
Energy crisis (1979)
Secondary banking crisis (1973-1975) in the UK
Latin American debt crisis (late 1970s to early 1980s), the "lost decade"

1980s
Early 1980s Recession
Chilean crisis of 1982
Bank stock crisis (Israel 1983)
Japanese asset price bubble (1986–1992)
Black Monday (1987) US stock market crash
Savings and loan crisis (1986-1995) failure of 1,043 out of the 3,234 S&L banks in the U.S.

1990s
Special Period in Cuba (1990–1994)
Early 1990s Recession
Indian economic crisis (1991)
Finnish banking crisis (1991–1993)
Sweden financial crisis (1990-1994)
Black Wednesday (1992)
Mexican peso crisis (1994)
Asian financial crisis (1997)
Russian financial crisis (1998)
Ecuador economic crisis (1998-1999)
Argentine great depression (1998-2002)
Samba effect (1999) Brazil

21st century

2000s
Argentine great depression (1998-2002)
Early 2000s recession
Dot-com bubble (2000–2002) (US)
Turkish economic crisis (2001)
September 11 Attacks (2001)
 Uruguay banking crisis (2002)
Venezuelan general strike of 2002–03
Finance company collapses, 2006–2012 (New Zealand)
Financial crisis of 2007–2008
Great Recession (worldwide)
2000s energy crisis (2003–2009) oil price bubble
Subprime mortgage crisis (US) (2007–2010)
United States housing bubble and housing market correction (US) (2003–2011)
Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010 (US)
2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
2008–2010 Irish banking crisis
Russian financial crisis of 2008–2009
2008 Latvian financial crisis
Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009–10
2008-14 Spanish financial crisis

2010s
European sovereign debt crisis (EU) (2009–2019)
Greek government-debt crisis (2009–2019)
2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis
2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis (2012–2013)
Crisis in Venezuela (2012–now)
Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–now)
2014 Russian financial crisis
2014–2017 Brazilian economic crisis
2015 Chinese stock market crash
Turkish currency and debt crisis, 2018
Argentine monetary crisis

2020s
COVID-19 recession / Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–present day)
2020 stock market crash (2020)
Black Monday (9 March)
Black Thursday (12 March)
Lebanese liquidity crisis
Sri Lankan economic crisis
2020–2023 Chinese property sector crisis
2022 Pakistan economic crisis
 2022 Russian financial crisis

See also
Financial crisis and economic collapse
Currency crisis, hyperinflation and devaluation
Banking crisis, credit crunch, bank run
Savings and loan crisis
Balance of payments crisis
Depression (economics), recession, stagflation, jobless recovery
Economic bubble, stock market bubble and real estate bubble
Market correction, nominal price, equilibrium price
Kondratiev wave, business cycle and business cycle models
Boom and bust
Involuntary unemployment
Fictitious capital, Intrinsic value, Speculation
Crisis theory, tendency of the rate of profit to fall, reserve army of labour
Overproduction, underconsumption and demand shortfall
Consolidation (business), industrial consolidation, market concentration
Capital flight, capital strike, urban blight, deindustrialization
Wage-price spiral
List of banking crises

References
1. "Tiberius Used Quantitative Easing To Solve The Financial Crisis of 33 AD" (http://www.busi
nessinsider.com/qe-in-the-financial-crisis-of-33-ad-2013-10?r=US&IR=T&IR=T). Business
Insider. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
2. "100 Most Important American Financial Crises" (https://www.abc-clio.com/ABC-CLIOCorpor
ate/product.aspx?pc=A4151C). Retrieved 9 December 2014.

Galbraith, J. K. (1990), A Short History of Financial Euphoria, New York: Penguin Books,
ISBN 0-670-85028-4

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