INTERNSHIP 1: PUBLIC HEALTH DOMAIN 2

NAVIGATING THE PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

4TH YEAR | 1ST SEM

What is a Health System? stagnant because our world is dynamic. It

WHO, 2000 should be able to generate data that
would serve as a basis for evidence and to
● All activities whose primary purpose is to promote,
make policy actions.
restore, or maintain health”
4. Medical products, vaccines & technologies
● “Health systems have a responsibility not just to
- Distribute and ensure safety of Medical
improve people’s health but to protect them
products, vaccines & technologies, an
against the financial cost of illness and treat them
integral part of health system
with dignity.”
5. Financing
- When we talk about health systems it's not only
- How money is received and pulled.
about organizations, infrastructures, hospitals but
6. Leadership / Governance
its all of the organization, people and actions
These building blocks work synergistically.
whose primary intent is to restore (ideal health
state) , promote (healthy population) and maintain
Philippine Healthcare System
health.
- Includes efforts to influence determinants of health
and to know more health improving activities ● “Dual” health system consisting of the public and
- Examples: behavior programs, vector control private sector that operates within a fragmented
campaigns, health insurance organization, environment
occupational health and safety registration 1. Private sector
- Intersectoral actions are included → encouraging - Provides healthcare that is generally paid
ministry of education to promote female education through freesat point of service
- There are more private sectors than public
Goals of a Health system 2. Public sector
Better health - Facilities financed and managed both by
- Improving health of the population the government (both national and local)
Fairness in financial distribution - Not all services in the public are free but
- Providing financial protection against the cost of ill are relatively cheaper
health
Responsiveness to people’s expectation
- Health system should be able to respond to the
needs of the patients
All of these objectives matter in every country
independently on how rich or poor

● This diagram shows the players in our healthcare

system; an adaptation of the Philippine Healthcare
System adopted by Romuladez et al. (2011).
● There are three key players: (1) National
Government, (2) Local Government Units, and the
● Health system collects data to serve as a basis for (3) Private Sector
policy making. All of these building blocks are ○ National Government
necessary. ■ Centralized organization where authority
1. Service deliver relies.
2. Health workforce ■ In the health sector, the national
- Prepare the service delivery government in-charge is the Department of
3. information Health.
- It is important for a healthcare system to ■ The DOH is composed of its central office,
generate new information should not be attached agencies and DOH-retained
hospitals.

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 NAVIGATING THE PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

○Local Government Units (LGU) ○ Treatment, Management, and

■ The national government delegated some of Rehabilitation
its authority to the LGU by virtue of the ■ To treat, manage and rehabilitate
health devolution or the Local Government individuals affected by disease
Code (LGC) of 1991. and disabilities.DOH has three
■ The healthcare system of the Philippines is major roles in the health sector.
devolved – we have a national government (1) Leadership in Health
agency, the DOH, but not all authority (2) Enabler and Capacity Builder
results on the DOH in terms of health, for ● This means that the DOH sets
LGUs also have jurisdiction over health the standards, directions, and
within their locality, and they are considered guidelines on how to achieve its
independent to the DOH, and they also have objectives.
their own budget. ● In spite of being devolved, the
■ Healthcare devolution was initiated so that DOH still has the role in enabling
health, its management and governance, the health capacity of our LGU so
will be closer to the hands of the people. that they may implement
■ The DOH cannot automatically mandate programs effectively.
LGUs to follow their policies, for this is still (3) Administrator of specific services
dependent if the said mandate has a legal ● Services of this nature are at the
basis (i.e. promulgated as law) or if it is national level of implementation.
prioritized by the LCE (local chief executive) ● Furthermore, the mandate of the DOH includes
within the said locality. developing national plans, technical standards, and
○ Private Entities guidelines related to health.
■ Private hospitals, healthcare providers and ● Aside from being a regulator of all health services
patients who prefer to access healthcare and products, the DOH is also a provider of special
services in private institutions. tertiary healthcare services which are available and
○ With the implementation of the Universal are affordable in DOH-retained hospitals.
Health Care or Coverage (UHC) everyone ● The DOH also provides technical assistance to our
should have access to healthcare which is healthcare providers and stakeholders, particularly
not impoverished. our LGUs.
■ However, UHC does not necessarily mean
that all entities in the health system will be
owned by the government.
■ Private companies will always be a part of
our health system; but UHC will be
implemented in the private sector to
diversify the ways of paying services from
these private companies or ways of coping
the burden of cost of the services from these
private companies.

Department of Health
● The building block that is focused on the access to
● Holds the overall technical authority on health, as
medicine is: medical products, technologies
the national health policy-maker and regulatory
● All building blocks are related to medications but
institution.
the main block that focuses on these are medical
● Function of the Department:
products and technologies.
○ Promotion
■ Promote the health and well
Medical Products, Vaccines and Technologies building
being of every Filipino.
blocks
○ Prevention
● Goal: To ensure that essential medicines”should be
■ Prevent and control diseases
available at all times in adequate amounts, be
among populations at risk.
affordable , and have a proven efficacy, quality and
○ Protection
safety”
■ To protect individuals, families
● Articulated in the Philippine Medicines Policy
and communities that are
exposed to hazards and risks that
Promoting Medicines Access in the Philippines
could affect their health.
1. 1986 - 1st Philippine National Drug Policy (PNDP)
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 NAVIGATING THE PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

- Creation of the 1st National Drug Committee governance along the

- President : Mrs. Cory Aquino registration, regulation, selection,
- Secretary of Health: Dr. Alfredo Benzon procurement & management of
The Philippine National Drug Policy Pillars medicines in the health sector
● People Empowerment ● Health System Support
● Quality assurance of pharmaceutical ○ To ensure that there is adequate
products - strengthening of the BFAD health systems support from
(now FDA) government and all stakeholders
● Rational Use of Drugs - Essential Drugs for the effective implementation
Action Program (EDAP) of the PMP 2011
● Self reliance - in local production of
essential products
● Tailored procurement - cost-effective
supply management in the government
2. 1988 - Passage of Generics Act
- R.A 6675 - September 13,1988
The DOH pushed the passage of the Generics Act
to promote generic competition in the Philippine
market through key policy measures requiring:
generic labeling, prescribing and dispensing,
enabling patient choice.
3. 2008 - Cheaper Medicines Act
- Food and Drug Administration Act 5. 2019 - Universal Healthcare Act
Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Universal Health Care is a situation where all
Medicines Act (R.A 9502) or the Cheaper people who need health services (prevention,
Medicines Act was intended to achieve universally promotion, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative
accessible, cheaper, and quality medicines by receive them without undue financial hardship.
pursuing an effective competition policy in the
pharmaceutical sector.
4. 2010 - 1st Philippine Medicines Policy Kalusugan Pangkalahatan (2010)
Philippine Medicines Policy was first launched in Main Efforts:
2011 and lasted until 2016. It is an overarching 1. Sin Tax Law
country plan and strategy to increase access to 2. Expanding PhilHealth coverage
essential medicines and institute good governance 3. Infrastructure
reforms in medicines regulation
The Philippine Medicines Policy Pillars (SARAH)
● Safety Efficacy and Quality (SEQ)
○ To assure the safety, efficacy and Universal Health Care Law
quality of medicinal products in (R.A 11223) 2019
the market “UHC means all Filipinos are guaranteed
● Affordability and Availability equitable access to quality and affordable health
○ To ensure continuous availability care goods and services, and protected against
of essential medicines in health financial risk” - DOH, 2019
care system at prices that are
within the reach of patients, Universal Health Care
consumers & the government
WHO, 2010
● Rational Drug Use
“A situation where all people who need health
○ To promote the rational use of
services (prevention, promotion, treatment,
medicines in public and private
rehabilitation, and palliative) receive them without
sectors using evidence-based
undue financial hardship”
and cost-effective treatments
that will result in the best health
In order to progressively universal healthcare, we
outcomes for patients
need to have a systematic approach. All relevant
● Accountability, Transparency & Good
stakeholders must be involved.
governance
○ To institutionalize transparency,
Universal Health Care aims to provide:
accountability and good
● Healthy living, schooling, & working environments
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 NAVIGATING THE PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

● Primary care provider team for every family

● Health spending is not predictable, not “lahat
libre”
- Allows an individual to estimate a
cost-sharing of own expense and
government’s care-off such as Philhealth.
- It is not stated that all are free, only a
financial risk protection. There are services
that are provided for free but not all. Some
may be cost-sharing/out of pocket but our
goal in UHC in the future is to be more
predictable.
- There will be ways to pay for services
from private or any healthcare facilities so ive.
that the people won’t be bothered by Medicines Access in the Next Decade
healthcare costs.
● The framework of the first Philippine Medicines
● Care is provided for by providers organized as Policy (PMP) is the SARAH access framework.
INTEGRATED NETWORKS ○ Based on the review of the first PMP
- We should not be working in silent, it through the monitoring of the SARAH
should be integrated and streamlined framework, we are able to identify gaps
that were encountered in implementing
Three Dimensions of Universal Healthcare the first medicine policy and as well as
analyze the challenges.
● In terms of Availability and Affordability, the
pandemic highlighted the importance of supply
chain management and ensuring that we are ready
if public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19
pandemic, are ever to occur again in the future–
that is to avoid the shortages of essential
medicines (e.g. vaccines).
● In terms of Health Systems Support, we need to
prepare, especially after the Mandas ruling, our
LGUs as UHC implementers by building and
strengthening their capacities.
● The strategies contained in the new PMP were
This was used in WHO world health report 2010. drawn heavily from the lessons we have learned
The smaller box inside is the existing coverage from the COVID-19; since, the pandemic exposed
mechanism and the bigger box represents the the vulnerabilities in our pharmaceutical supply
goals of UHC that we want to achieve. chain.
The figure reflects three dimensions coverage: ● Moreover, the pandemic highlighted the
1. Population: who is covered? importance of having a resilient and responsible
So from the coverage of the smaller box, pharmaceutical sector that can deliver our country’s
we have to extend to those who are not medicinal needs especially in times of public health
yet covered. That’s why stated in the UHC emergencies.
act, one of the important provisions is to
make sure that every Filipino is a member
Philippine Medicines Policy (2022-2030)
of PhilHealth.
2. Services: Which services are covered?
From our existing mechanisms, do we
need to add more services?
3. Financial protection: what do people have
to pay out-of-pocket?
How can we reduce cost-sharing and
fees? The expenditure of Filipinos.
Another important dimension is service quality. It is innate in
all of the dimensions. It is critical for coverage to be effect

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 NAVIGATING THE PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

● These pillars are necessary to ensure that essential ● This pillar aims to strengthen the implementation
and quality medicines are accessible for all of existing policies and to align them with
Filipinos. recognised regulatory standards along the
● Same Pillars with that of SARAH framework, as pharmaceutical supply chain.
the pillars in SARAH framework are still relevant; ● KS1: Strengthen the regulatory system for
however, there are some additions such as addition medicines
of a specific pillar of sustainable financing for ● KS2: Build and design the clinical trial ecosystem
medicines, which highlights the importance of to elevate the country as a Regional Center of
PhilHealth. Excellence
● These pillars are synergistic such that one cannot ● KS3: Institutionalize the National
work without the other and the presence of all Pharmacovigilance Program
pillars are necessary to fulfill the goal of Philippine ● KS4: . Combat substandard and falsified (SF)
Medicines Policy. medicines
● KS5: Strengthen the regulation of herbal products
Vision and complementary medicines
● By 2030, SUSTAINABLE ACCESS to quality &
affordable essential medicines REDUCED C
OUT-OF-POCKET SPENDING aligned with the Collaboration on Availability and Affordability
Sustainable Development Goals and Universal ● This pillar has a very big scope since it deals with
Health Care agenda. two things: availability and affordability.
○ This policy is aligned with the direction of ● It describes the role of multiple stakeholders in a
the country’s health sector, and this is collaborative endeavor to ensure that Filipinos
moving towards universal healthcare have adequate and timely and sustainable access
(UHC). to medicines at all points of health service delivery.
○ Aside from aligning with the local and ● KS1: Promote self-sufficiency through local
national agenda, it needs to be aligned production
with the global agenda and that is ○ We want to strengthen our local industry
sustainable development goals (SDGs). so that we do not become reliant on
Mission imports.
● Strengthen regulatory excellence to be at par with ○ So when there are global shortages, we
international standards, promote mutual reliance. can rely on our own local pharmaceutical
● Effect behavioral changes among individuals and industry.
communities with rational medication use. ● KS2: Strengthen strategic procurement initiatives
● Foster Accountability and good governance in all for medicines
levels of the health system through digitized ● KS3: Implement the Philippine Supply Chain
systems. Roadmap
● Continuous and timely availability, affordability, ● KS4: Equitable access schemes for medicines in
accessibility of safe and quality medicines. Geography Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas
● Empower non-government actors to engage with (GIDA)
the government in policy and decision making ○ The Philippines is composed of many
processes. islands; hence, they are areas which are
● Increase and sustain financing and other resources remote and difficult to reach. However,
in medicine. this does not mean that we do not give
● Informed, efficient and resilient pharmaceutical them equitable access to medicines.
supply chain system that is responsive to local ● KS5: Timely supply and delivery of essential
needs medicines and its alternatives to Indigenous
● Empower non-government actors to engage with Cultural Communities (ICC) and Indigenous
the government in policy and decision making Peoples (IP)
processes. ● KS6: Ensure drug and vaccine security for health
● Guarantee systems, public or private, that emergencies
contribute to improving medicines access. ● In drafting this policy, the internal (offices within
the DOH), and external (DTI and private sector
PMP Pillars and Key Strategies partners such as pharmaceutical associations)
A should agree with the policy and are concurrent
with the strategies identified to improve access to
Assurance of Safety, Efficacy, and Quality
medicines.

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 NAVIGATING THE PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

● It also has a cover policy–it is an administrative patients. There is a

order. Hence, it has a legal basis for its specific list of medicines
implementation. that are included in the
● The work of a pharmacist in a public health field is program that is made
more in research or in policy formulation. available for patients
DOH Interventions in improving access to medicines that are diagnosed early
● A Programs implemented: with breast cancer.
○ Selling of Medicines at a lower cost: ■ (CCMAP) Child Cancer Medicine
■ Gamot na Mabisa at Abot KAYA Access Program
Project (GMA 50) ■ InsulinMAP
■ Parallel Drug Importation (2001
- 2010) DOH Botika ng Bayan (BnB)
■ Botika ng Barangay (2002 - “ToDOH sa Kalusugan, Para sa Pagbabago”
2011) ● Provision of additional free essential medicines on
● The government top of the program medicines.
provides seed money ● Targets government primary health facilities
amounting to p ● In 2018, President Rodrigo Roa Duterte
25,000.00. This seed directed/instructed the revitalization of the Botika
money is used to ng Bayan. The difference of revitalized Botika ng
establish a Botika ng Bayan from the Botika ng Bayan in early 2000 is
Barangay where that essential medicines are given for free.
medicines are sold at ● This program targets government primary care
lower prices as health facilities so the LGU has to establish a BnB
compared to drug outlet and comply with the requirements of the
stores. FDA inorder to get a license. After that, they can
■ Botika ng Bayan (2004 - 2012) access free medicines from the FDA.
■ P100 Project (2009-2011) ● Selection, quantification, procurement and
● Provision of Free Medicines distribution of the medicines are done by the
○ Medicines Access Programs (MAPs) pharmacists working on the program. They also do
■ DOH ComPack (DOH Complete monitoring, by visiting BnB outlets to make sure
Treatment Packs) that they are compliant with the prescribed
● DOH procures pharmacy standards and they also identify and
medicines in complete allocate medicines to the different outlets.
treatment packs and ● The intention of this program is once the
distributes this supply of PhilHealth expanded primary care benefit package
medicines to different program is already implemented, the BnB program
rural units, municipal will be terminated.
health offices, or health
centers at the C
community level. Collaboration on Availability and Affordability
● Example, patients with This pillar underscores the need to have a competitive
hypertension can enroll pharmaceutical industry that is responding to the needs of
in the program and they the health system for affordable medicines by promoting
can avail their medicines competitions, market transparency, use of generics, and
(e.g. amlodipine) for 30 strengthening pricing regulation for high-cost medicines.
days. ● KS1: Promote fair competition in the
● For antibiotics, patients pharmaceutical industry
can also acquire them ● KS2: Advance efforts on market transparency
through this program ● KS3: Promote the use of biosimilars and quality
and will be given a unbranded generics
complete treatment ● KS4: Improve the affordability and access to
pack good for the whole high-cost medicines
duration of treatment. ● KS5: Sustain tax exemptions for medicines
■ (BCMAP) Breast Cancer Medicine ● KS6: Implement policies on discounts for Special
Access Program Populations
● Covers priority on ● KS7: Strengthen local capacity for innovation and
chemotherapeutic apply intellectual property to improve public
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 NAVIGATING THE PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

health medicines, as well as the provision of the right information

● KS8: Stabilize drug prices during health to the patient or general public.
emergencies ● KS1: Streamline processes for the development of
National Clinical Practice Guidelines
The Philippine Drug Price Reference Index (DPRI) ● KS2: Regularly update the Philippines National
● List ceiling prices of essential medicines for Formulary
government bidding and procurement ● KS3: Strengthen the pharmacy and Therapeutics
Set by the DOH for all National and Local Committees at all levels of healthcare
government health facilities and agencies. The ● KS4: Promote rational prescribing, dispensing and
scope is mainly focused on government sectors. use of medicines
The government procurement entities are required ● KS5: Implement the National Action Plan to
to base their setting of prices when they procure Combat Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
medicines on the DPRI through One Health Approach
● Aims to improve the efficiency and good ● KS6: Mainstream the use of Traditional and
governance in the pricing and procurement of Complementary Medicines in the health
medicines system
DPRI collects procurement data of hospitals every ● KS7: Foster the ethical promotion of medicines
year to get the median price.Government facilities As pharmacists, we should advocate the rational use of
cannot procure that particular medicine beyond its medicines. In the Philippine Medicine Policy, pharmacists
ceiling price. make sure that medicines should be made available and
affordable.
Maximum Retail Price and Maximum Wholesale Price
(MRP & MWP) HTA and the Philippine National Formulary (PNF)
● In line with the Executive Order (EO) NO. 104 “Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority
entitled “Improving access to healthcare through health care needs of the population”
the regulation of prices in the retail of drugs and ● Efficacy and Safety
medicines ● Comparative cost effectiveness
Directive of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte. In MRP, ● Public Health relevance
(87) drug molecules are identified that are ● Affordability/ Sustainability
equivalent to 133 preparations. ● Equity/ Ethical considerations
In the making of MRP, stakeholders were consulted ● Local context/priorities
before they came up with the list of medicines, ● PNF is considered as the earliest effort to
patient support groups were asked for their rationalize the use and spending of drugs in the
recommendation and identification of medicines Philippines. In 1988, the 1st Philippine national
also covers medicine addressing top burden drug committee was created.
diseases in the country. ● PNF is a crucial step to rationalize drug production,
distribution, procurement and consumption to
Suggested Retail Price ensure access to health care and to promote
In the peak of the pandemic, prices of medical rational use of drugs by health professionals.
supplies and medicines were very high.
● DOH warns the public on OVERPRICING of HTA supports the health system in achieving UHC by:
Remdesivir ● Institutionalizing a systematic, unified priority
setting mechanism for identifying what health
technologies to cover
Remdesivir 100mg vial
HTA committee will be recommendatory to the
(suggested retail price
DOH and the Philhealth for the development of
policies, programs, regulations, and determination
PhP 1,500 PhP 8,200
of a range of entitlements such as medicines,
(lowest) (highest)
pharmaceutical products, medical devices,
procedures, and healthcare services that will be
C funded by the government.
Commitment to the Rational Use of Medicines ● Negotiating for better prices of health
The goal is to achieve optimal health outcomes, so therefore technologies
access to the essential medicines should be complemented ● Improving efficiency in the allocation of resources
with responsible and appropriate use of medicines. ● Increasing transparency and accountability
Furthermore, it is focused to implement strategies with the
aim of promoting rational prescribing, dispensing and use of

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 NAVIGATING THE PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

effectively implement the strategies that we identified in our

PMP.
This pillar also builds on the avenues that can improve capacity
building, technical support, research and development.

● KS1: Establish and standardize frameworks for

networking and partnerships
● KS2: Harmonize and prioritize areas for
networking and partnerships
● KS3: Ensure the sustainability of existing
networks and partnerships
- AMR is composed of the DOH, department of ● KS4:Create clear standards of Good Governance
agriculture, DOST, DTI, DILG, DENR, DepEd, Tesda, in Medicines (GGM)
NEDA (economic). ● KS5: Uphold transparent, evidence-based and
- AMR is an interagency since it does not only affect accountable processes
the human health sector but also the animal and
environmental sector as well. S
- In the national action plan we identify the national
Sustainable Financing for Medicines
implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship
What we want to implement on this pillar are strategies that are
program in health facilities as one of the
aimed at achieving sustainable financial systems for medicines.
fundamental country’s strategies to ensure rational
This involves creating new policies concerned with efficient
prescribing, dispensing, and use of antimicrobials.
procurement, how do we strategically purchase medicines in line
- We have partnered with several training hubs like
with UHC. The role of HDA which is evidence-based of
DOH strategizing hospitals who serve as our
essential medicines.
training hubs to cascade the antimicrobial
● KS1: Strengthen national strategic purchasing of
stewardship training for different levels of licensed
medicines
hospitals
● KS2: Ensure good value for money through
- We also partnered with our counterparts like DOH
evidence-based selection of essential medicines
centers for health development for the cascading of
● KS3: Maximize price negotiation as a mechanism
antimicrobial stewardship programs in the
to improve the affordability of medicines for
healthcare facility.
public funding
- The Philippines championed the adoption of an
● KS4: Strengthen local government financing
ASEAN declaration of AMR and recently the
development of an ASEAN strategic framework to
combat AMR. S
- Part of the work is awareness-raising using social Strengthening health Systems
media and spreading information. This pillar cuts across all the other components of the PMP with
- When you are working in the public health sector, the government exercising its primary responsibility as a key
you speak on behalf of your country not for enabler.
yourself, you represent the DOH. There are many The sufficient manpower, information systems, for this pillar we
areas of support in AMR. It is also termed as a recognize the need to scale up access to essential medicines and
silent pandemic. for this to happen there has to be an environment where there
- The recent COVID pandemic gave rise to people in are enabling human, technological, and financial resources
the rampant misuse of antibiotics which also gave
rise to another problem AMR. ● KS1: Ensure sufficient manpower and capacitated
- Last resort antibiotics such as vancomycin and human resources
imipenem, and antimicrobial reserves that require ● KS2: Establish a module on the integrated health
authorization from an infectious disease specialist Information system for medicines
before use, already have resistance. ● KS3: Create a unified research agenda on
medicines
● KS4: Promote health literacy and people
empowerment
E
● KS5: Support access to medicines within Health
Effective Networking, Partnerships, and Good Governance
Care Provider Networks (HCPNs)
This pillar addresses the need for efficient and effective and
equitable multisectoral collaboration. Since the DOH cannot do it
Advisory Council for the Implementation of
alone, we need to partner with stakeholders to collaborate to
Cheaper Medicines Act

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 NAVIGATING THE PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

- Makes recommendations to SoH on the

implementation of the Cheaper Medicines
Act

Policy Dialogue on Universal Healthcare and

Access to Medicines
- one-day event that brings together
patient support groups to discuss issues
concerning access to medicines and
healthcare services
- Helps in finding medicines prices
Electronic Drug Price Monitoring System
- a web-based platform used by the DOH COMPETENCIES OF A PUBLIC HEALTH PHARMACIST
to collect essential medicine prices across (adapted from PPhA, 2015)
the different levels of the supply chain ● Assess pharmaceutical needs of the population
● Support health promotion activities
Pharmaceutical Management Information System - Supports activities that aims in protecting
- a web-based, interim organized system for the health and well being of the
pharmaceutical data collection, population
processing, reporting and using of - Ex. advocacy campaign on national news,
information for evidence-based decisions generics
in managing pharmaceutical services. ● Participates in policy development, strategy
- Public health pharmacist monitor and development and implementation
collect data ● Conducts research and contributes to evidence
→ checks inventory of medicines, etc., in based medicines
charge of cold chain storage, ensures that - On how medicine based intervention,
medicines are properly stored to preserve programs and policies improve and
potency of medicines protect the health of the population
→ helps in contact tracing during the through academic or pharmacy practice
pandemic, encourage families to be research
vaccinated, monitoring prices of drugs, - Research commission: We do impact
recheck availability of medicines assessments, implementation review
→ NAtional level: policy formulation, ● Ensures clinical governance
program development, access to health - Continuous improvement in service and
system framework is aligned to the delivery
current agenda PHP identifies appropriately the pharmaceutical and health
→ Standards, mechanism, guidelines to needs of the population as well as the appropriate
make sure access to medicines towards interventions to address them. Differ from hospital
universal healthcare pharmacy because in the clinical setting care is very
→ implementers are counterparts in individualistic, PHP looks for the entire population.
regions helps state the programs of the
national level to the local level
→ technical writing, policy formulation,
public speaking are what public health
pharmacists do

To determine the medicines that are

needed