Core Competency - Level 3
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Mohammed Shakeel Ansari
B.E.Civil (Hons), MSc, LLM, MRICS, MCIArb, MIS
Contents
Introduction
RICS Requirements
Building Elements
Environmental Services
Wrap-up & Questions
Page ▪ 2
RICS Requirements
– Construction technology and environmental services T013
At level 1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles of design and
construction relating to your chosen field of practice
At level 2
Apply your knowledge to the design and construction processes
At level 3
Advise on the selection and application of particular processes within your area of
experience. This should include liaison with specialists and consultants to
develop project-specific design and construction solutions
Page ▪ 3
Construction technology and environmental services
This competency covers the design and construction of buildings and other structures. Candidates should
have a clear understanding of the design and construction processes commonly used in the industry.
They should have detailed knowledge of construction solutions relevant to their projects.
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Demonstrate knowledge and Apply your knowledge to the design and Advise on the selection and application of
understanding of the principles of design construction processes. particular processes within your area of
and construction relating to your chosen experience. This should include liaison
field of practice. with specialists and consultants to
develop project specific design and
construction solutions.
• The stages of design from inception to • Appreciating how design solutions vary • Advising on the choice of
completion for different types of building such as
construction solutions for your
• Impact of current legislation and clear span requirements for
regulations (both national and warehousing or acoustic requirements
project
international) for accommodation.
• How the various elements of a building • Reporting on the impact of
or structure work and inter-relate
• Understanding alternative construction different design solutions and
• Operational and maintenance processes details in relation to functional
post construction elements of the design such as different
construction processes on
• Knowledge of modern construction types of foundation or structural frame cost and programme.
techniques such as prefabrication. solutions.
Page ▪ 4
Why Construction Technology?
- Quantity Surveying Profession
- Standard Methods of Measurements
- Cost Control Techniques
- Value Engineering
- Whole life Cycle costing
- Lean Thinking
- Sustainability
Page ▪ 5
Building Elements
– 0 Demolition / Clearance
– 1 Substructure
– 2 Superstructure
– 3 Finishes
– 4 Fittings and Furnishings
– 5 MEP Services
– 6 External Works
Page ▪ 6
Building Elements
– 0 Demolition Methods
• Implosion – violent inward bursting
that allows sequential elimination of
super-structure
• Crane & Ball - a wrecking ball
weighing up to 6 Tons.
• High Reach Arm – Another
traditional method - a base
machine, a demolition arm, a primary
tool
• Selective Demolition - Selective
interior / exterior demolition, recycling
and salvaging of material
Page ▪ 7
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
• Soil Investigation
• Soil Improvement methods
• Types of foundations
– Shallow and deep foundation
– Classification of Piles
• Shoring and underpinning
• Caissons and Cofferdams
• Dewatering
• Waterproofing
Page ▪ 8
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
• Soil investigation
1. Trial Trenches & Trial Pits
2. Boreholes
3. Ground Penetration Radars
Page ▪ 9
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
• Soil Improvement methods
Page ▪ 10
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
• Soil Improvement methods
Page ▪ 11
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
• Shoring and underpinning
Underpinning
Temporary Shoring
Permanent Shoring
Page ▪ 12
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
• Shoring
Steel Sheet Piles
Temporary Shoring
Permanent Shoring
Page ▪ 13
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
• Cofferdams – A water enclosure pumped dry to permit construction work below
the water line, as when building bridges or repairing a ship to create dry work
enviornment
Page ▪ 14
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
• Caisson – Is a prefabricated hollow box or cylinder sunk into the ground to
desired depth and then filled with concrete thus forming a foundation . Used mainly as
a bridge pier in the construction of concrete dams
Page ▪ 15
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
Dewatering
Sump, trenches and pumps
• Well Point System
• Deep wells with submersible pumps
Page ▪ 16
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
Waterproofing systems
• Watertight concrete systems – Water Bars
• Construction Joints solutions – sealants
• Watertight Concrete – admixtures
• Waterproofing Membranes
Page ▪ 17
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
• Shallow Foundations
Combined Footing
Isolated/Pad/spread Footing
Strapped Footing Strip Footing
Raft foundation
Page ▪ 18
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
Deep Foundations - Piling
Method of
Load Transfer Material
Installation
Concrete
Combination Driven or Bored or Stone and
End bearing Friction Piles Timber Steel (precast/cast-
of both Displacement Replacement Sand
in-situ)
Page ▪ 19
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
• Piling
Page ▪ 20
Building Elements
– 1 Substructure
• Piling
Driven Piles
Displacement Bored Piles
Page ▪ 21 Precast Bored Piles
Building Elements
– 0 Demolition / Clearance
– 1 Substructure
– 2 Superstructure
• Frame
• Upper Floors
• Roof
• Stairs
• External Walls
• External Windows & Doors
• Internal Walls and Partitions
• Internal Doors
– 3 Finishes
– 4 Fittings and Furnishings
– 5 Services
– ▪ 22
Page 6 External Works
Building Elements
– 2 Superstructure
Formwork
http://www.doka.com/web/products/system-groups/index.me.php
• Wall systems – Framed, timber-beam, column, single sided formwork
• Floor systems – Tableforms, Panel floor, timber-beam floor formwork
• Climbing systems – Automatic climbing, crane lifted climbing formwork
• Load Bearing systems – Shoring towers, tunnel, bridge formwork
• Safety systems – working/access platforms, guardrails, screens, etc.
Page ▪ 23
Building Elements
Page ▪ 24
Building Elements
Page ▪ 25
Building Elements
- 2 Superstructure - Frame
Load
Framed Structure
Bearing
Composite
RCC Steel Structure
Structure
In-Situ Precast Hot Rolled PEB
Pre- Post-
Tensioned Tensioned
Page ▪ 26
Building Elements
– 2 Superstructure – Slabs
➢ In Situ Concrete slabs
• Flat slabs, ribbed slabs
• Hourdi slab
• Post Tensioned
➢ Precast Pre-stressed Concrete Slabs
• Hollow core slabs
➢ Composite slabs
Page ▪ 27
Building Elements
– 0 Demolition / Clearance
– 1 Substructure
– 2 Superstructure
• Frame
• Upper Floors
• Roof
• Stairs
• External Walls
• External Windows & Doors
• Internal Walls and Partitions
• Internal Doors
– 3 Finishes
– 4 Fittings and Furnishings
– 5 Services
– ▪ 28
Page 6 External Works
Building Elements
– 2 Superstructure - Roof
Tensile Structures
Types of Roof Structures
Page ▪ 29
Building Elements
– 2 Waterproofing
Bituminous Membrane
Waterproofing
Page ▪ 30
Building Elements
– 0 Demolition / Clearance
– 1 Substructure
– 2 Superstructure
• Frame
• Upper Floors
• Roof
• Stairs
• External Walls
• External Windows & Doors
• Internal Walls and Partitions
• Internal Doors
– 3 Finishes
– 4 Fittings and Furnishings
– 5 Services
– ▪ 31
Page 6 External Works
Building Elements
– 2 Superstructure
External Walls
Thermal
Material
Resistance
Blockwork–
Composite
concrete, Metal –
– curtain Non-
brick, Sandwich Wood Insulated
walls, insulated
autoclaved panels
Alopolic+
aerated
Page ▪ 32
Building Elements
– 2 Superstructure
• Internal Walls and Partitions
– Blockwork
– Gypsum Partitions
– Wooden Partitions
– Demountable partitions
– Melamine Faced Chipboard (MFC)
– High Pressure Laminate (HPL)
– Glass Partitions
– Smart Glass
Page ▪ 33
Building Elements
– 3 Finishes
• Wall finishes
– Types of Plaster
– Paints
– Wall Paper
– Tiles
– Natural Stone
– Etc….
Page ▪ 34
Building Elements
– 3 Finishes
• Floor Finishes
– Tiles - material
– Parquet
– Vinyl
– Carpet
– Gymnasium floors - material
– Epoxy/Polyurethane systems
Page ▪ 35
Building Elements
– 3 Finishes
• Ceiling Finishes
– Plaster/Paint
– Gypsum
– Wood
– Metal
Choice Depends on:
– Aesthetics
– OH services
– Time and Cost
Page ▪ 36
Building Elements
– 4 Fittings and Furnishings
➢ Client’s Requirement
➢ Usage of the area
➢ Aesthetics
➢ Budget – example for Hotel rooms
Page ▪ 37
Building Elements
– 5 Services
➢ Mechanical
➢ Electrical
➢ Plumbing & Drainage
Page ▪ 38
Environmental Services
– Energy Management Systems
Page ▪ 39
Environmental Services
– HVAC Systems
➢ Window AC
➢ Split Units
➢ Packaged Units
➢ Variable refrigerant flow (VRF)
➢ Chillers
➢ District Cooling
Page ▪ 40
Environmental Services
– Other Building Elements
➢ Central BMS system
➢ Access and security control systems
➢ Fire Fighting and Fire alarm systems
➢ Active and passive fire fighting systems
➢ Fire Zoning
➢ Piped gas system
➢ Water savers
Page ▪ 41
Building Elements
– 6 External Works
➢ Landscaping and irrigation
➢ Swimming pools
➢ Roads and paving
➢ Traffic Deck coating
Page ▪ 42
Roads & Paving Works
– Roads & Paving Works
Pavement for heavy vehicles Pavement for Cars and
Light Vehicles
Page ▪ 43
Roads & Paving Works
– Roads & Paving Works
Milling and Overlay Pedestrian Pavement
Page ▪ 44
Roads & Paving Works
– Roads & Paving Works
Upstand Kerb Flush Kerb
Drop Kerb Heel Kerb
Page ▪ 45
Roads & Paving Works
– Roads Works - Signages
Warning Signs Regulatory Signs
Page ▪ 46
Directional Signs Road Markings
Wrap-up
– Know the elements of all construction types
– Ask the designers – understand them
– Appreciate the VE options/solutions
– Understand the interfaces and inter-relationships
– Know Civil Engineering Projects : Bridges, Roads
– Know Industrial Plants, Process industries,....
– Visit sites!
– Embrace change!!
Page ▪ 47
APC Assessment
Q1. What are the different types of foundations?
Q2. How are Piles Classified?
Q3. What is a pile cap?
Q4. Which type of foundation would you recommend for soil susceptible to
liquefaction?
Q1. What are the different types of building structural systems?
Q2. What are the advantages/disadvantages of using steel or concrete
structures?
Q3. For a small floating restaurant 50 mt away from the shore, which
structure would you recommend?
Page ▪ 48
APC - Assessment
– Concrete Vs Steel Structures
➢ Tips - Look at it from the perspective of Whole Life Cycle
• Client’s requirement
• Type of building
• Site conditions
• Aesthetics
• Procurement or Lead time
• Time for Fabrication and erection
• Storage and working space
• Cost of Construction
• Cost of Maintenance
• Fire Rating
• Salvage Value
• Environmental impact
Page ▪ 49
APC Assessment
Q1. What are the types of ventilation systems?
Q2. What are the types of Air Conditioning systems?
Q3. Which type of Air Conditioning system would you recommend for a
G+7 building with 300 residential units?
Q1. What are the types of slabs?
Q2. What is a composite slab?
Q3. Where would you recommend the use of a composite slab?
Page ▪ 50
Further Reading
Civil Engineering Works
– Roads – Waterbound macadam, concrete roads, asphalt roads
– Bridges - Beam girder bridges, cantilever bridges, arch bridges, suspension
bridges, cable-stayed bridges, truss bridges and Floating bridges.
– Tunnel construction – Cut & Cover, Boring by drilling & blasting, TBM, micro
tunneling, etc
– Types of Retaining walls
– Construction of pipelines – Water, Storm Water, Drainage
– MEP for infrastructure Works – Street lights, telecommunication, data, etc.
– Water Treatment Plants and Sewage Treatment Plants
– Marine Structures – Quay Walls, Revetments, Marine furniture.
Page ▪ 51
Thank You!
Page ▪ 52
