1. Calculate the energy transfer rate a cross 6 in.

wall of firebrick with a temperature

difference a cross the wall of 50 ˚C. The thermal conductivity of the firebrick is 0.65 BTU/hr-
ft-˚F at the temperature interest.

a. 285 W/m 2 c. 112 W/m 2

b. 369 W/m 2 d. 429 W/m 2

Solution

kAΔT
Q= x

Q kΔT
A = x

Where:

ΔT = 50 (9) = 90˚F
5

x = 6in. = 0.5 ft.

BTU
k = 0.65
hr — ft — ˚F

Then:

Q (0.65)(90) BTU
A = 0.50 hr — ft — ˚F
W
Q BTU 3.153
= 117 m2
( )
A hr — ft2 BTU
1 hr — ft2

Thus:

Q W
(b) = 368.90
A m2

2. At an average temperature of 100 ˚C, hot air flows through a 2.5 m long tube with an
insid e diameter of 50 mm. The temperature of the tube is ˚C along its entire length.
Convective film coefficient is 20.1 W/m 2-K. Determine the connective heat transfer from
air to the tube.
 a. 900 W c. 624 W

b. 909 W d. 632 W

Solution

Q = hcAΔT

Where:

A=πdL

A = π(0.050)(2.5)

A = 0.3927m2

Thus;

Q = 20.1(0.3927)(100 — 20)

(d) Q = 631.46 W

3. Steam, initially saturated at 2.05 MPa, passes through a 10.10 c m standard steel pipe for
a total distance of 152 m. The steam line is insulated with 5.08 c m thickness of 85%
magnesia. For an ambient temperature of 22 ˚C, what is the quality of the steam which
arises at its destination if the mass flow rate is 0.125 kg steam per second?

Pro perties of Steam:

Pressure=2.05 MPa, Temperature=213.67 ˚C

Enthalpy: h f=914.52 kJ/kg h fg=1885.5 kJ/kg h g=2800.00 kJ/kg

Note: k for 85% magnesia is 0.069 W/m-K and h o for still air is 9.36 W/m 2-K

a.93 % c. 84 %

b.98 % d. 76 %

Solution
From figure,

r1=5.05 c m

r2=10.13 c m

ti — to
Q=
r
l n( 2 )
r1 1
2πkL + AOho

Where:

Ao = 2πr2L

Ao = 2π(10.13)(152)

Ao = 96.746 m2

213.67 — 22
Q = ln(0.1013/0.0505 1
2π(0.069)(152) + (96.746)(9.36)

Q = 16,427.4 W = 16.43 kW

From:

Q = m (h 1 — h 2 )

16.43 = 0.125(2800 — h2)

h2 = 2668.6kJ/kg

Where:

h2 = hf + xfg

2668 = 914.52 + x(1885.5)

x = 0.92998 or 93 %

Thus;

(a)93%
4. The sun generates 1 kW/m 2 when used as a source for solar collectors, a colle ctor with
an area of 1 m 2 heat water. The flow rate is 3.0 liters per minute. What is the temperature
rise in the water? The specific heat of water is 4,200 J/kg ˚C.

a. 4.8 ˚C c. 0.50 ˚C

b. 0.48 ˚C d. 0.84 ˚C

Solution

Q = mCp∆T

Where:

kW
Q=1 (1m2) = 1kW
m2
Li kg min kg
m = (3 ) (1 ) (60 ) = 0.05
min Li s s

J
C = 4200 kJ
= 4.2
p kg˚C
kg˚C

Thus;

1 = 0.05(4.2)

(∆T) (a)∆T =

4.76 ˚C

5. The hot combustion gases of a furna ce are separated from the ambient air and its
surrounding which are a 25 ˚C, by a brick wall 0.15 m thick. The brick has a thermal
conductivity of 1.2 W/m-K and a surfa ce emissivity of 0.80. Under steady state conditions
and outer surface te mperature of 100 ˚C is measured. Free convection heat surfa ce
temperature of 100 ˚C is measured. Free convection heat transfer to the air adjoining this
surfa ce is characterized by a convection coefficient of 20 W/m 2-K. What is the inner
temperature in ˚C?

a. 623.7 c. 461.4

b. 352 d. 256.3

Solution
Let, Qc = heat transmitted by convection

Qc = hc(t2 — t0)

Qc = 20(100 — 25)

W
Q = 1500
c
m2

Qr = heat transmitted by radiation

J
Q = 20,408.4 × 10–8Fe(T 4 — T 4)
r 2
0 hr — m2

Qr = 20,408.4 × 10–8(0.80)((100 + 273)4 — (25 + 273)4)

J
Q = 1,872,793
r
hr — m2
W
Q = 520
r
m2

Then;

Q = Qc + Qr = 1500 + 520

W
Q = 2020
m2

Thus;

kA(t1 — t2)
Q=
x

1.2(t1 — 100)
2020 = 0.15

(b)t1 = 352.5 ˚C

6. A 6 in. x 20 ft. uninsulated B.I. pipe conveys steam at 385 ˚F wit han average ambient
temperature of 85 ˚F. If the cost of the fuel is P 250.00 per 10 6 BTU with the net energy
conversion efficiency of 75%, what is the annual cost of the heat lost?

a. P 60, 482.00 c. P 70, 482.00

 b. P 65, 482.00 d. P 75, 482.00

Solution

For 6 in. pipe schedule 80

Do = 6.625 in.

Di = 5.761 in.

For iron;

W
k = 52
m—K
BTU
k = 30
hr — ft — ˚F

For the surfa ce coefficients;

BTU
h = 1000
i
hr — ft2 — ˚F

BTU
ho = 2 hr — ft2 — ˚F

Solving for Q:

ti — to
Q=
ln(Do )
1 Di 1
+ +
Aihi 2πkL Aoho

Where:

Ai = πDiL = 30.16ft2

Ao = πDoL = 34.69ft2

385 — 85
Q= 6.625
1 ln( ) 1
5.761 +
+ 2π(30)(20)
(30.16)(1000) (34.69)(2)

BTU
Q = 20,713
hr

Then the annual cost of heat lost:

 20,713(8760)(250)
C=
(0.75)(106)

Thus;

(a)C = P 60,482.00

7. What is the external heating area in square feet of a tube with the following dimensions:
tube inside diameter = 5 in. wall thickness = ½ in. length = 18 ft.

a. 26.5 c. 19.25

b. 24.25 d. 28.26

Solution

A = πDoL

Where:

1
Do = 5 + 2 (
2) = 6 in.

Thus;

6
( )
A = π ( ) 18
12

(d)A = 28.27ft2

8. Determine the vacuum efficiency of a surfa ce condenser which operates at a vacuum

of 635 mm Hg and exhaust steam enters the condenser at 45.81 ˚C, the barometric pressure
is 760 mm Hg and the saturation pressure at 45.81 ˚C is 0.010 MPa.

a. 80.4% c. 92.7%

b. 85.2% d. 98.3%

Solution
 Pbarometric — Pcondenser
Vacuum Efficiency = P
barometric — Psaturation

Where:

Pbarometric = 101.325 kPa

Psaturation = 0.010 MPa = 10kPa

Pcondenser = 760 — 635

)
Pcondenser 101.325kPa
= 125 mmHg ( 760mmHg

Pcondenser = 16.665kPa

Then;

101.325 — 16.665
Vacuum Efficiency =
101.325 — 10

Vacuum Efficiency = 0.9270

Thus;

Vacuum Efficiency = 92.70%

9. A heat exchanger was installed purposely to cool 0.50 kg of gas per second. Molecular
weight is 28 and k=1.32. The gas is cooled from 150 ˚C to 80 ˚C. Water is available at the rate
of 0.30 kg/s and at a temperature of 12 ˚C. Calculate the exit temperature of the water.

a. 48 c. 46

b. 42 d. 44

Solution

Qw = Qg

mwCpw∆Tw = mgCpg∆Tg

mwCpw(t — 12) = mgCpg(150 — 80)

Where:

kJ
Cpg = 1.2247
kg — K

kJ
Cpw = 4.187
kg — K

Then;

0.30(4.187)(t— 12) = 0.50(1.2247)(150 — 80)

Thus;

(c)t = 46.125 ˚C

10. An uninsulated steam pipe passes throug h a room in which the air and walls are at
25 ˚C. The outside diameter of the pipe is 70 mm, and its surfa ce temperature and emissivity
are 200 ˚C and 0.80 respectively. If the coefficient associa ted with free convection heat
transfer from the surfa ce to the air is 15 W/m 2-K, what is the rate of heat loss from the surfa ce
per unit length of pipe?

a. 997.84 W/m c. 797.84 W/m

b. 897.84 W/m d. 697.84 W/m

Solution

Q = Qc + QR

Where:

Qc = heat transmitted by convection

Qc = hoAo(t2 — t1)

Qc = 15[π(0.07)L](200 — 25)

W
Q = 577.27
c
m

QR = heat transmitted by radiation

 J
Q = 20,408.4 × 10–8A Fe(T 4 — T 4)
R o 1 2
hr

QR = 20,408.4 × 10–8[π(0.07)L](0.8)((473)4 — (298)4)

J
Q = 1,514,032.40 L
R
hr — m
W
Q = 42,057 L
R
m

Thus;

Q = 577.27L +

420.57L Q = 997.84 L
Q W
( a) = 997.84
L m

11. A heat exchanger is to be designe d for the following specific ations:

H2O gas temperature = 1145 ˚C

CO2 gas temperature = 45 ˚C

Unit surface conductance on the hot side = 230 W/m 2-K

Unit surface conductance on the cold side = 290 W/m 2-K

Thermal Conductivity of the metal wall = 115 W/m-K

Find the maximum thickness of the metal wall between the hot gas and cold gas so that
the maximum temperature of the wall does not exceed 545 ˚C.

a. 10.115 mm c. 17.115 mm
b. 13.115 mm d. 20.115 mm

Solution

Q ti — to
A= 1 x 1
+ +
hi k ho
 Solving for
Q
= h (t — t )
i i o
A
Q
= 230(1145 —
545) A
Q W
= 138,000
A m2

Then;

1.45 — 45
138,000 =
1 x 1
+ +
230 115 290

Thus;

(d)x = 20.115 mm

12. Calculate the heat transfer per hour through a solid brick wall 6m long, 2.9 m high, and
225 mm thick, when the outer surfa ce is at 5 ˚C and the inner surfa ce 17 ˚C, the coefficient
of thermal conductivity of the brick being 0.5 W/m-K.

a. 2,004.48 kJ c. 2,400.48 kJ

b. 3,004.48 kJ d. 3,400.48 kJ

Solution

kA∆T
Q= x

0.60(6)(2.9)(17 — 5)
Q= 0.225

Q = 556.8 W

J
Q = 556.8 (360J0s kJ
s (1 ) )
hr
1000J

Q = 2,004.48
kJ

hr
 Thu
(a)
The heat transfer per hour is 2,004.48 kJ

13. A vertic al furna ce wall is made up of an inner wall of firebrick 20 c m thick followed by
insulating brick 15 c m thick and an outer wall of steel 1 c m thick. The surfa ce temperature
of the wall adjacent to the c ombustion chamber is 1200 ˚C while that of the outer surfa ce
of steel is 50 ˚C. The thermal c onductivities of the wall material in W/m-K are: firebrick, 10;
insulating brick 0.26; and steel, 45. Neglecting the film resistances and conta ct resista nce
of joints, determine the heat loss per sq. m. of wall area.

a. 1.93 W/m 2 c. 1.55 W/m 2

b. 2.93 W/m 2 d. 2.55 W/m 2

Solution

Q t1 — t4
A = x12 + x23 + x34
k12 k23 k34

Q 1200 — 50
= = 1.93
A 0.20 0.15 0.01
+ +
10 0.26 45

Thus;
Q W
( a) = 1.93
A m2

14. A composite wall is made up of an external thickness of brickwork 110 mm thick

inside which is a layer of fiberglass 75 mm thick. The fiber glass is faced internally by an
insulating board 25 mm thick. The coefficients of ther mal conductivity for the three are
as follows:

Brickwork 1.5 W/m-K

Fiberglass 0.04 W/m-K

Insulating board 0.06 W/m-K

 The surfa ce transfer coefficients of the insid e wall is 3.1 W/m 2-K while that of the
wall is 2.5 W/m 2-K. Take the internal ambient temperature as 10 ˚C and the external
temperature is 27 ˚C. Determine the heat loss through such wall 6 m high and 10 m long.

a. 330.10 W c. 430.10 W
b. 230.10 W d. 530.10 W

Solution

A∆T
Q = Rt

Where;

R 1 x12 x23 x34 1

= + + + +
t
h1 k12 k23 k34 h0

1
R = 0.110 0.075 0.025 1
+ + + +
t
3.1 1.5 0.04 0.06 2.5

m2 ˚C
Rt = 3.09
W

Then;

[(6)(10)][27 — 10]
Q=
3.09

Thus;

(a)Q = 330.10 W

15. One insulated wall of a cold-storage compartment is 8m long by 2.5 m high and
c onsists of an outer steel plate 18 mm thick. An inner wood wall 22.5 mm thick, the
steel and wood are 90 mm apart to form a c avity which is filled with c ork. If the
temperature
drop a cross the extreme fa ces of the composite wall is 15 ˚C, c alculate the heat transfer
per hour through the wall and the temperature dr op a cross the thickness of the cork. Take
the coefficients of thermal conductivity for st eel, cork and wood as 0.45, 0.045, and 0.18
W/m-K respectively.

a. 408.24 kJ, 12.12 ˚C c. 608.24 kJ, 13.12 ˚C

 b. 708.24 kJ, 11.12 ˚C d. 508.24 kJ, 14.12 ˚C

Solution

A∆T
Q = RT

x12 x23 x34

RT = + +
k12 k23 x34

0.018 0.09 0.09 0.0225

RT = + + +
45 0.045 0.045 0.18

RT = 2.125

Then:

[8(2.5)(15)]
Q=
2.125
J
Q = 141.176 W or
s
kJ
Q = 508.24
hr

Thus, the heat transfer per hour is 508.24 kJ

Solving for the temperature drop a cross the cork:

A∆T
Q = x 23
k23

20(∆T)
141.176 = 0.09
0.045

∆T = 14.12 ˚C

Thus;

(d)508.24 kJ, 14.12˚C

16. A cubic tank of 2 m sid es is constructed of metal plate 12 mm and contains water at
75˚C. The surrounding air temperature is 16 ˚C. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient
 from water to air. Take the coefficient of th ermal conductivity of the metal as 48 W/m-
the coefficient of heat transfer of water is 2.5 kW/m 2-K and the coefficient of heat transfer
of the air is 16 W/m 2-K.

a. 15.84 W/m 2-K c. 16.84 W/m 2-K

b. 14.84 W/m 2-K d. 13.84 W/m 2-K

Solution

Let U = overall heat transfer coefficient

1
U=
Rt

Where:
1
R = x12 1
+ +
t hwater x12 hair
1
R = 0.012 1
t
2.5 × + +
48 16
103

Rt = 0.063m2 ˚C /W

Then:

W
1 = 15.84
WU= m2 ˚C
0.063 m 2 ˚C

Thus;

W
(a)U = 15.84
m2˚C

17. Calculate the quantity of heat conducted per minute through a duralumin circular
disc 127 mm diameter and 19 mm thick when the temperature drop across the thickness
of the plate is 5 ˚C.Take the coefficient of thermal conductivity of duralumin as 150 W/m-K.

a. 30 kJ c. 35 kJ

b. 40 kJ d. 45 kJ
 Soluti

kA∆T
Q= x

π(0.127)2
150[ 4 ]
(5) Q =
0.019

Q = 500.04 W

Q = 30 kJ/min

Thus;

(a)the quantity of heat conducted per minute is 30 kJ

18. A cold storage compartment is 4.5 m long by 4 m wide by 2.5 m high. The four
walls, ceiling and floor are covered to a thickness of 150 mm with insulating material
which has a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 5.8 x 10 -2 W/ m-K. Calculate the
quantity of heat
leaking through the insulation per hour when the outside and insid e fa ce temperatures
of the material is 15 ˚C and -5 ˚C respectively.

a. 2185.44 kJ c. 3185.44 kJ

b. 1185.44 kJ d. 4185.44 kJ

Solution

kA∆T
Q= x

Where:

A = 2[(4.5)(2.5) + (4)(2.5) + (4.5)(4)]

A = 78.50 m2

Then:

(5.8 × 102)(78.5)(15 + 5)
Q=
0.15
 J
Q = 607.07 Wor
s
kJ
Q = 2185.44
hr

Thus:

(a)the quantity of heat leaking through the insulation per hour is 2185.44
kJ
hr.
 19. Supplementary Problem
A blower operating at 15000 rpm compresses air from 20°C and 1 atm to 1.6 atm.
The design flow is 38 m3/min and at this point the power input is 60 kW. Determine
the blower efficiency at the design flow.

a. 65% c. 59.81%

b. 64.91% d. 60.01%

Solution:

Isentropic Power
Blower Efficiency =
Power Input

Solving for Isentropic Power:

k-1
1.4-1
kPV [(rp) k -1
1.4(101.325)(38/60) [(1.68/1) 1.4 -1 ]
]
Pisen = = 35.89 kW
k-1 k-1
=
then;
35.89
eblower = = 0.5981
60
thus;
(a) eblower = 59.81%

20. Supplementary Problem

A small blower handles 43.33 m3 of air per minute whose density is 1.169
kg/m3. The static and velocity heads are 16.38 and 1.22 cm WG (at 15.6°C)
respectively. Local gravity acceleration is 9.741 m/s2. Find the power input to
the air from the blower.
a. 1.64 kW c. 1.76 kW
b. 1.91 kW d. 1.24 kW
Solution:
P = γQh
Where:
h = 16.38 + 1.22
= 17.6 cm = 0.176 m
Q = 43.33 m3/min
= 0.72 m3/s
then;
 P = 9.741(0.72)(0.176)
thus;
(d) P = 1.24 kW

21. Supplementary Problem

A fan can developed a static pressure head or 350 mm water gage through
standard air condition. What is the new static pressure head if fan can operate
at 95°C and 729 mm of Hg?
a. 265 mm WG c. 274 mm WG
b. 270 mm WG d. 263 mm WG
Solution:
h2 ρ2
h1 = ρ1
Solving for ρ2:

720(101.325/760)
ρ 2= 0.287(95 + 273)

then;
h2 0.91
350 = 1.2
thus;
(a) h2 = 265.09 mm WG

22. Supplementary Problem

A two-stage radial-type airplane supercharger is designed to deliver 4535 kg of
air per hour at a pressure of 800 mmHg abs when operating at an altitude of
4570 m where the temperature is -15°Cand the pressure is 429 mm Hg abs. it
rotates at 18,000 rpm and is to have an adiabatic over-all efficiency of 72
percent. It is to be tested at sea level (762 mm Hg abs and 26.67°C at a speed
of 14,000 rpm.
Considering that the efficiency at the design point does not change, determine
for the design point under test conditions the volume of air taken m3/s.
a. 2.27 m3/s c. 1.27 m3/s
b. 2.12 m3/s d. 1.12 m3/s
Solution:
Q2 N2
Q 1 = N1
Solving for Q1:
mRT1
Q 1=
P1

(4535/3600)(8.314/29)(-15 + 273)
= 429(101.325/760)
= 1.63 m3/s
Then;
Q2 14,000
1.63 = 18,000
Thus;
(a) Q2 = 1.27 m3/s

23. Supplementary Problem

The fan has a total head of 190 m and a static pressure of 20 cm WG. If the
air density is 1.2 kg/m3, what is the velocity of air flowing?
a. 16.21 m/s c. 16.67 m/s
b. 17.21 m/s d. 17.766m/s
Solution:

hv
v2
= 2g
Solving for hv:
h = hs + hv
190 = 0.20(1000/1.15) + hv
hv = 16.09 m
then;

2
16.09 = V
2(9.81)
V = 17.766 m/s
thus;

(d) 17.766 m/s

24. Supplementary Problem

A sewerage aeration blower rotating at 3500 rpm is designed to deliver 567
m3/min of air from 20°C and 1 atm to a discharge of 158 kpa (abs) with an
adiabatic efficiency of 65 %. During a summer the atmospheric temperature
rises to 43°C but the barometric pressure does not change. It is desired to vary
the
 blower speed to maintain the same discharge pressure. Determine the discharge
volume of standard air with the new speed.
a. 8.20 m3/s c. 8.64 m3/s
b. 9.10 m3/s d. 9.74 m3/s
Solution:
h1
2
Q1
=( )
h2 Q2
h1
Solving for :
h2
h1 T2
=
h2 T1
43 + 273
= 20 + 273
= 1.08

Then;
567 2
1.08 = ( )
Q2
Q2 = 545.98 m3/min
Thus;

(b) Q2 = 9.10 m3/s

25. Supplementary Problem

A 40 in. diameter fan rated at 160,000 cfm standard air at 16 in. starting pressure is
operating at 1200 rpm. Solve for the specific speed.
a. 386,845.18 rpm c. 384,845.18 rpm
b. 380,125.20 rpm d. 392,865.28 rpm
Solution:
Ns = specific speed
N√Q
Ns= 3/
h 4
12000√160,000
=
3/
(4⁄3 ) 4

Thus;
(a) Ns = 386,845.18 rpm
26. Supplementary Problem
A boiler requires 75,000 m3/hr of standard air. What is the motor power if it
can deliver a total pressure of 145 mm or water gage. The mechanical
efficiency of fan is 64 %.
a. 40.30 kW c. 42.45 kW
c. 46.30 kW d. 43.69 kW
Solution:

Pmotor Pair
= Pfan

Solving for Pair:

Pair=γQH
Where:
1000
h = 0.145 ( )
1.2
= 120.83 m
Then;
75000
Pair = [(1.2)(0.00981)] ( ) (120.83)
3600

= 29.63 kW
Thus;

P 29.63
motor =
0.64
(a) pmotor = 46.30 kW

27. Supplementary Problem

Calculate the required motor capacity needed to drive a forced-draft fan
serving a stoker fired boiler using coal as fuel.
Combustion data includes the following:
Atmospheric Air 101.3 kPa ; 20 °C
Weight of fuel burned per hour 10 tons
Ultimate Analysis of fuel :
C = 78 % S=1%
H=3% A=8%
O=3% M=7%
ExcessAir 30 %
Fuel bed and air heater resistance 18 cm WG
 Fan Efficiency 60 %
a. 87.84 kW c. 84.87 %
b. 82.87 kW d. 88.72 %
Solution:
Pair
Pmotor = P
fan

Solving for Pair:

Theoretical Air required forOthe combustion of coal.
W =11.5C + 34.5 (H - + 4.3S
t )
8
0.03
= 11.5(0.78) + 34.5 (0.03 - ) +4.4(0.01)
8
= 9.92 kg air / kg fuel
Actual weight of air supplied into the

boiler: Wa = (1 + e) Wt
= (1 + 0.30)(9.92 kg air/kg fuel)[(10(1000)kg fuel/hr]
= 128,942 kg air/hr
Volume of air demanded by the boiler from the forced draft fan:
128,942 kg/hr
Q= =107,451.77 m3/hr
3
1.2 kg/m
= 29.85 m3/s
Then;

1000
Pair =[1.2(0.00981)](29.85) [(0.18) ( )]
1.2
= 52.71 kW
Thus;
52.71
P motor =
0.60
(a) Pmotor = 87.84 kW

28. Supplementary Problem

The motor power needed to drive the fan is 75 kW and the volume flow of air
delivered by fan is 23 m3/s and 20 cm water gage. The density of air is 1.2kg/m3.
What is the fan efficiency?
a. 60 % c. 64 %
b. 62 % d. 65 %
Solution:
P
efan = P air
motor

Solving for Pair:

1000
Pair =[1.2(0.00981)(23)] [0.20 ( )]
1.2
= 45.126 kW
Then;

e 45.126
fan =
75
= 0.60168
Thus;
(a) efan = 60.168 %

29. Supplementary Problem

In a certain installation, a fan when driven by a 7.5 Hp motor at a speed of 600
rpm delivers 510 m3 of air per minute at a total pressure of 5 cm WC. If in the same
installation, 6.5 cm WC pressure is required. What power and motor speed
willthe fan be driven?
Solution:
Fan Drive Speed:
2
N h
(N2) = h2
1 1

N2 h2
=√
N1 h1

N2 6.5
=√
600 5.0

N2 = 684.11 rpm
Motor Power required:
P2 N2 3
=( )
P1 N1
P2 684.11 3
=( )
7.5 600
P2 = 11.12 Hp
Thus;
(c) N2 = 684.11 rpm, P2 = 11.12 Hp
30. Supplementary Problem
A fan is supplying forced draft into a boiler has the following specifications on
its name plate:
Capacity 280 m3/min
Air temp. 25°C
Total pressure 4 cm WC
Motor Rating 5 Hp; 1200 rpm
A tabular air heater is installed in line with the boiler, and the fan is now required
to supply heated air for combustion at 90°C. What drive power is required and
the new total pressure that this fan will operate if it is going to deliver the
same volume of heated air at 1200rpm?
a. 3.28 cm WC, 4.10 Hp c. 3.28 cm WC, 5.50 Hp
b. 3.95 cm WC, 5.5 Hp d. 3.95 cm WC, 4.10 Hp
Solution:
Solving for the new head;
h1 ρ2
h2 = ρ1
ρ2
Solving for :
ρ1
ρ 2 T1
=
ρ1 T2
25+273
= 90+273
Then;
h2
= 0.82
4
h2 = 3.28 cm WC
thus;
(a) h2 = 3.28 cm WC & P2 = 4.10 Hp
Note: when air is heated, its density decreases and the pressure needed to move the
air to the combustion chamber will be lesser resulting to the decrease in the fan
power requirement.

31. Supplementary Problem

 A fan has a suction pressure of 5 cm water vacuum with air velocity of 5m/s.
the discharge has 20 cm WG and discharge velocity of 10 m/s. Find the total
head of the fan.
Solution:
h = hs + hv
where:

(hdw- hsw)ρw
hs= ρa

[(0.20 - (-0.05)]1000
= 1.2
= 208.33 m
Vd2- Vs2
hv=
2g

(10)2- (5)2
=
2(9.81)
= 3.28 m
Thus;
h = 208.11 + 3.28
(a) h = 212.15 m

32. Supplementary Problem

An Air Handling Unit (AHU) for an air conditioning system has a centrifugal fan
with backward curved blades mounted on a scroll housing driven by a motor at
750 rpm. The fan delivers 2000 cfm of air against 3 in. WC static pressure (including
resistance of ducts, elbows, cooling coils, and outlet grills) and 0.80 in. WC
velocity pressure. Calculate the tip speed of the wheel.
a. 3100 fpm c. 3586 fpm
b. 3000 fpm d. 3500 fpm
Solution:
The speed of the wheel:

V= √2ghv
Solving for hv:
ρahva= hvwρw

(0.075)hva = (0.8/12)(62.4)
hva = 55.46 ft of air
Note:

ρair=0.075 lb/ft3

ρwater = 62.4 lb/ft3

Then;

V= √2(32.2)(55.46)
= 59.77 ft/s
Thus;
(c) V = 3586 ft/min.

33. Supplementary Problem

A steam generator supplies 180,000 kg of steam per hour at 5.5 Mpa abs and
540°C with feedwater at 176°C. At this output, the thermal efficiency is 85% when
burning 42,456 kJ/kg fuel oil at 15% excess air. The products of combustion with an
average molecular weight of 30 are removed from the unit by a pair of
duplicate induced-draft fans operating in parallel and the flue gas temperature
for each fan suction is 150°C. Estimate the capacity of each fan using the
following rule: “7.5 kg air required for perfect combustion for each 23,200 kJ
per kg heat value of oil. The fan differential pressure is 190 mm WC.
a. 69.57 kW c. 59.75 kW
b. 89.75 kW d. 76.57 kW
Solution:
ρair= γQh

= [1.2(0.00981)] Q h
Where;
h = 0.190 (1000/1.2)
= 158.33 m
Solving for Q:
Mass of fuel burned per hour:
ms( hs- hv)
mf =
eboilerQh

180,000(3520-746)
= 0.85(42,456)
= 13 836.33 kg/hr
Total mass of air used per kg of fuel burned:
42,456
m =(7.5) ( ) (1.15)=17.58 kg air/kg fuel
a
23,200
Mass flow rate of air for combustion:
ma = (15.78)(13,836.33) = 218,839.17 kg/hr
Mass flow rate of gases leaving the boiler:
m g = ma + mf

= 218,839.17 + 13,836.33
= 232,225.5 kg/hr or mg = 116,112.75 kg/hr (each fan)
Mass flow gas handled by each fan:

(116,112.75)(8.314/30)(150 +273)
Q= 101.3
= 134,369.16 m3/hr
= 37.32 m3/s
Thus;
(a) Pair = [ 1.2(0.00981) ] (37.32) (158.33) = 69.57 kW

34. ME Board Problem

A fan listed as having the following performance with standard
air: Volume discharge = 120 m3/s
Speed = 7 rps
Static pressure = 310 mm water gage
Brake power = 620 kW
The system duct will remain the same and the fan will discharge the same
volume of 120 m3/s of air at 93°C and a barometric pressure of 735 mm Hg when
its speed is 7 rps. Find the brake power input and the static pressure required.
a. 482 kW, 241 mm WG c. 482 kW, 256 mm WG
b. 492 kW, 241 mm WG d. 492 kW, 256 mm WG
Solution:
ρ ρ
Brake power input=620 ( 2) =620 ( 2 )
ρ1 1.2
Solving for ρ2:
735(101.325/760)
ρ 2= 0.278(93+273)
= 0.9329 kg/m3
Solving for the static pressure, h2:
h2 0.9392
310 = 1.2
h2 = 241 mm of water gage
then;
Brakepower input= 620 0.9329 =482 kW
( )
1.2
thus;
(a) h2 = 241 mm & Pbrake = 482 kW
35. ME Board Problem
Local coal with higher heating value of 5,500 kCal/kg is burned in a pulverized
coal fired boiler with 25% excess air at the rate of 25.9 M.T. per hour when the
steam generated is 220 M.T. per hour. This boiler is served by 2 forced-draft fans of
equal capacity delivering the air at 305 mm of water to the furnace. Calculate
the capacity of each fan in m3/hr if fan capacity is to be 110 percent of the
maximum requirement. Ambient air is 100 kPa and 30°C.
a. 31.75 m3/s c. 28.87 m3/s
b. 63.50 m3/s d. 57.73 m3/s
Solution:
The theoretical weight of air to burn the fuel is given in an appropriate formula when
the heat value ot the fuel is given:

Wta= A HHV, kCal/kg

( )
=F 745
t

5,500
= 745
= 7.382 kg air / kg fuel
Mass flow rate of air required for
combustion ma = (7.382)(1.25)[25.9(1000)]
= 238,992.25 kg/hr
Volume of Air needed at 100 kPa and 303
K maRaTa
Q= P

238,992.25(0.287)(303)
= 100
= 207 830.05 m3/hr
Capacity of each fan at 110% of the maximum
requirement: 207,830.05(1.10)
Q=Q=
1 2
2
 = 114,306.53 m3/hr = 31.75 m3/s
Thus;
(a) Q = 31.75 m3/s

36. Supplementary Problem

Find the motor size needed provide the forced-draft service to a boiler that
burns coal at the rate of 10 to per hour. The air requirements are 59,000 cfm, air is
being provided under 6 in. water gage (WG) by the fan which has mechanical
efficiency of 60 percent. Assume fan to deliver the total pressure of 6 in WG.
a. 90 Hp c. 97 Hp
b. 93 Hp d. 99 Hp
Solution:

Pmotor Pair
= 0.60

Solving for Pair:

Pair = γQh
Where:

Q = 59,000 ft3/min. = 27.84 m3/s

h = 6(1000/1.2) in. = 127 m
then;

Pair = [ 1.2(0.00981)) ](27.84)(127)

Pair = 41.62 kW
Thus;
41.62
Pmotor = =69.37 kW
0.60
(a) Pmotor = 92.99 Hp
 37. Supplementary Problem
A turbo-generator, 16 cylinder, Vee type diesel engine has an air consumption
of 3000 kg / hr per cylinder at rated load and speed . This air is drawn in thru a filter by
a centrifugal compressor dire ct connected to the exhaust gas turbine. The
temperature of the air from the compressor is 145C and a counterflow air cooler
reduces the air temperature to
45C before it goes to th e engine suction header.
Cooling water enter air cooler at
30C and leaves at 38C. c alculate the arithmetic
mean temperature difference.

a. 41C
c. 61C
b. 51C 
d, 71 C

Solution:

t  145  38  107C

max  45  30  15C
t
min
t max  t min
AMTD  2
107  15
AMTD  2

Thus;
(c) AMTD  61 C

38. Supplementary Problem

A pond is covered by a sheet of ice 2 c m thick (thermal conductivity
1.68W / The temperature of the lower surface of the ice is 0C and that of the
mC).
upper surfa ce
 10C. At what rate is heat conducted through each square meter
is of the ice?

a. 840 W c . 940 W
b. 740 W d.
640 W
t min
Solution:

kAt
Q  x
(1.68)(1)(0 10)
Q
(0.02)
Thus;
t max
 (a) Q  840W

39. Supplementary Problem

How much heat is conducted through a sheet of plates glass,

k  0.0024Cal / s  m  which is 2m by and 5mm thick, when the
C
3m
temperatures of the surfaces are
20C and 10C.

a. 318,400 Cal/min c. 940 Cal/min

b. 418,400 Cal/min d. 618,400 Cal/min
Solution:

kAt
Q  x
Where:
k  0.0024 Cal/s- cmC
A  2(3)  6
m2
 60,000
cm 2
t  20 10  30C
L  5 mm  0.50 cm
Then;
0.002460,00030
Q
0.50
= 8640 Cal/s
Thus;
(c) Q  518,400 Cal/min

40. Supplementary problem

A cooper rod whose diameter is 2 cm and length 50 cm has one end in
boiling water, the other end in a jacket cooled by flowing water which enters at
10 C . The thermal conductivity of copper 0.102 kCal / m  s   If 0.20 kg of
is C.
water flows through the ja cket in 6 min, by how much does the temperature of the
water increase?

a. 10.38C c. 11.38C

b. 9.38 C 
d. 12.38 C

Solution:

kAt
Q x
Where:
 x
A 0.022
4
 3.14 104 m 2
Then;

Q
0.1023.14  104 100  10
 0.50
= 0.005765 kCal / s
= 0.346 kCal / min6 min
= 2.705 kCal

Heat required to raise the water temperature:

Q  m C t
2,075 Cal  200g (1 Cal / g C)(t)
Thus;
(a) t  10.38C

41. Supplementary Problem

The thermal insulation of wooden glove may be regarded as being essentially
a layer of quiescent air 3 cm thick, of conductivity
5.7 10 6 kCal / m  s   How
C.
much heat does a person lose pe r minute from his hand of area 200 cm 2 and skin

temperature
35C on a winter day at  5C.

a. 6.12C c. 9.12C

b. 7.12 C 
d. 8.12 C

Solution:

kAt
Q x
Where:
k= 5.7 10 6 kCal / m  s   C
A= 200 cm 2
= 0.02 m 2
x=3 c m = 0.03 m
t  35  5  40 C

5.7 10 .0240

6

Q
0.03

 1.52 10 4 kCal / s

Thus;
 (c) Q  9.12 Cal / min

42. Supplementary Problem

The temperature direc tly beneath a 3 in. concentrate road 5 F and the air
is
temperature is 20 F . Calculate the steady flow per square foot through the
concrete. The thermal conductivity of the concrete is 0.50
Btu / ft  hr   F .

a. 30 Btu / hr  ft c. 50 Btu / hr  ft 2
2

d. 60 Btu / hr  ft 2
b. 40 Btu / hr  ft
2

Solution:

Q kt
A x
0.520  5
 3 / 12
Thus;
Q Btu
(a) 
hr  ft 2
30
A

43. Supplementary Problem

At what rate does to sun lose energy by radiation? The temperature of the sun
is about 6000 K and its radius
is
6.95105 km. .

a. 3.481026W c. 5.48  1026W

b. 4.48  1026W d. 6.48  1026W

Solution:

P AT4
Where: 
  5.7 10 12 W / cm 2  K 4
A  4R 2
 4 6.95  105 

 6.07  1012 km 2
 6.07  1022 m 2
Then;
P  5.7  1012 6.07  1022 6000
4

Thus;
(b) P  4.48 10 26W
44. Supplementary Problem
How many watts will be radiated from a spheric al block body 15 c m in
diameter at a temperature of
800C .

a. 5.34 kW c. 6.34 kW
b. 4.34 kW d. 3.34 kW

Solution:
P AT4
Where:
  5.7 1012W / cm2  K 4
A  4 (7.5)2
 706.86 cm 2
T  800 
273
Then;  1073K

P  5.7 1012 706.861073

4
Thus;
(a) P  5,340 W  5.34 kW

45. Supplementary Problem

Calculate the radiation in watts per squa re centimeter from a block of copper

at 200 C and at 1000C . The oxidized copper surfa ce radiates at 0.60 the rate of a
bla ck body.

a. 0.17 c. 0.37
b. 0.27 d. 0.07

Solution:

Qe AT4
Q
e T4
A
 0.60(5.7 1012 )(300  273)4  0.17 W / cm2
Thus;
Q
(a)  0.17 W / cm2
A

46. Supplementary Problem

A surfa ce condenser serving a 50,000 kW steam turbo-generator unit receives
exhaust steam at the rate of 196,000 kg / hr. Vacuum in condenser is 702 mm. Hg. Sea
water for cooling enters at 29 and leaves at 37.5C . For steam turbine condenser,
manufacturers consider 950 Btu/lb of steam turbine condensed as heat given up to
cooling water. Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference.
 a. 4.57C c. 6.57C
 
b. 5.57 C d. 7.57 C

Solution:

Let:
LMTD  Log mean temperature difference
t max  t min
LMTD 
t max
ln
t min
Where:
  101.325kPa 
P( condenser )  101.325  702 760 psi 
psi
  

 7.733 kPa(tsat  40.86 C)
(t) max 40.86  29.5  11.36C
(t) min  40.86  37.5  3.36C
Then;

11.36  3.36
LMTD 
11.36
ln 3.36

Thus;

(c) LMTD  6.57C

47. Supplementary Problem

The sta ck gas from a chemic al operatio n contains noxious vapors that must
be condensed by lowering its temperature from
315C to 35C . The gas flow rate is
0.70 m3 / s . Water is available at 10C at 1.26 kg / s . A two shell and 4 tube pass,
conterflow heat exchanger will be used with a water flowing through the tubes. The
gas has a specific heat of 1.10 kJ / kg  K and a gas constant of 0.26 kJ / kg  K .
Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference.

a. 102.8C c. 120.8C

b. 110.9 C 
d. 118.9 C

Solution:

Average gas temperature 315  35

 2
 175C

Density of gas
( ) :
 P

RT
 101.325
(0.26)(175  273)
  0.867kg / m3

Mass flow rate of gas:

mg  (0.7m3 / s)(0.867kg / m3 )  0.607kg / s
Heat gained by cooling water = Heat Lost by the gasses

mwCpw tw  mg C pg tg

(1.26)(4.187)(t 10)  0.60(1.10)(315  35)
t  45.5C

Solving for (t)max and (t)min :

(t) max  315  45.5  269.5C

(t)min  35  10  25 C

Then;

(t)max  (t)min 269.5  25

LMTD  
(t)max 269.5
ln ln 25
(T )min
Thus;
(a) LMTD  102.8C

48. Supplementary Problem

Exhaust steam at 7 kPa at the rate of 75 kg /s enters a single pass condenser
containing 5,780 p cs copper tubes with a total surfa ce area of
2950m2 . The steam
has a moisture content of 10 % and the condense leaves saturated liquid at steam
temperature. The cooling water flow rate is 4,413 liters per second entering at
20C .
Size of tubes, 25 mm O.D. by 3 min thick wall. Fin d the overall heat transfer coefficient.

a. 5275 W / m2K c. 4274 W / m2K

b. 2275 W / m2K
d. 3225 W / m2K

Solution:
Ethalpy of steam entering the condenser:
h1  (h f 1  xhfg )7  163.4  0.90(2572.5)
kPa

 2478.65 kJ / kg
Ethalpy and temperature of condensate:
 h2  h f @ 7 kPa  163.4 kJ / kg,Tsat @ 7 kPa  29C
Ethalpy and temperature of the condensate:
Qwater  Qsteam
m w C pw tw  ms (h1  h2 )
4,413L / s(1kg / L)(4.187)(t  20)  75(2478.65  163.4)
t  29.40C

(t)  39  20  19C
(t) max  39  29.4 
9.6Cmin
19  9.6
LMTD   13.77C
From:
19
ln 9.6
QA (LMTD)
U
Where:
Q  ms (h1  h2 )
 75(2478.65 163.4)
 173,643.75 kW
Then:
173,643.75  2950 U 13.77
kW
U  4.275
m2  K
Thus;
W
(a) U  4275
m K
2

49. Supplementary Problem

What is the heat flow per hour through a brick and mortar wall 9 in. thick if the
coefficient of thermal conductivity has been determined as
0.40 Btu / ft  hr  F
and the wall is 10 ft high by 6 ft wide, the temperature on one side of the surfa ce
being 330 and on the other 130 F .
F

a. 6400 Btu / hr c. 5400 Btu / hr

b. 7400 Btu / hr d. 8400 Btu / hr

Soution:
kAt
Q x
(0.4)(10)(6)(330  130)
6
12
then;
 (a) Q  6,400 Btu / hr

50. Supplementary problem

Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 25.4 cm at a velocity of 5 m/s at the
temperature in the pipe. The density and viscosity of the water are as follows:
density  997.9 kg / m3 and vis cos ity  1.131Pa  s . What is the Reynolds number for
this situation.

a. 2241 c. 3100
b. 96.2 d.1140

Solution:

NRE VDp
 
Where:
V 5m/s
D  2(25.4)  50.8 cm
 0.508 m
  997.9kglm3
  1.131

Then;

N 5(0.508)(9977.9)
 1.131
RE
Thus;
(a) N  2241.08
RE

51. Supplementary Problem

A heat exchanger has an over-all coefficient of heat transfer of
900W / m  K . The mean temperature difference is
2
20C and the heat loss is
15,000 W. Calculate the heat transfer area.

a. 0.833 m2 c. 0.933 m 2
b. 0.733 m2 d. 0.633 m 2

Solution:
Q AU 
15,000  A(900)(20)
A  0.833m2
Thus;
(a) A  0.833m2
52. Supplementary Problem
A complete furna ce wall is made up of a 12 in. lining of magnesite refactory
brick, a 5 in. thickness of 85% magnesia, and a steel c asing 0.10 in. thick. Flue gas
temperature is 2200 F and the boiler room is 80 .Gas sid e film coefficient is 15
at F


Btu / hr  ft 2  F air side is 4. Determine the thermal current Q / A .

a. 187.41 Btu / hr  ft 2 c. 200.62 Btu / hr  ft 2

b. 197.41 Btu / hr  ft 2 d. 250.46 Btu / hr  ft 2

Solution:
Q t
A  RT
Where:
t  2200  80
 2120 F

hi  15 Btu / hr  ft 2 F

ho  4 Btu / hr  ft 2 F

k12  20.5 Btu / hr  ft 2 F (magnesite)

k 23  0.04 Btu / hr  ft 2 F (magnesia)

k 34  25 Btu / hr  ft 2 F (steel)
1
R   x12  x23  x34  1
T
hi k12 k23 k34 h0
RT  11.312
Thus;
Q 2120
A  11.312

Q
(a)  187.41 Btu / hr  ft 2
A

53. Supplementary Problem

A wall of a furna ce is made up of 9 in. firebrick (k  0.72Btu / hr  ft  F ) 5
in. of insulating brick
(k  0.08) and 75 in. of red brick (k  0.5) . The inner and outer
surfa ce temperatures
t1 and t4 of the wall are 1500 F and 150 F respectively.
Neglecting the resistance of the mortar joints, compute the rate of heat flow through
1 ft 2 of the wall.
a. 80 Btu/ hr c. 100 Btu/hr
b. 180 Btu/hr d. 200 Btu/ hr

Solution:

Q  At
RT
Where:
x12 x23 x34
RT   
k12 k 23 k34
9 /12 5 /12 2.5 /12
RT   
0.72 0.08 0.5
Then;
1(1500  150)
Q 7.5
Thus;
(d) Q = 180 Btu/ hr

54. Supplementary Problem

What is the heat transfer in the glass surfa ce area of 0.70 m2 having an inside
temperature of of
25C and 13C outside temperature. The thickness of the glass
surfa ce is 0.007 m. The thermal conductivity is 1.8 W/m-K.

a. 4.16 kW c. 2.16 kW
b. 3.16 kW d. 1.16 kW

Solution:

kAt (1.8)(0.7)(25  13)

Q x  0.007
 2160
Thus; W
(c)
Q  2160
W
55. Supplementary Problem
The interior of an oven is maintained at a temperature of 1500°F by means of a
suitable control apparatus. The walls of the oven are 9 in. thick and constructed from
a material having thermal conductivity of 0.18 Btu/hr-ft-°F. Calculate the heat loss for
each square foot of wall surface per hour. Assume that the inside and outside wall
temperatures are 1500°F and 400°F respectively.
a. 264 Btu/hr-ft2 c. 164 Btu/hr-ft2
b. 364 Btu/hr-ft2 d. 64 Btu/hr-ft2
Solution:
Q kAΔt (0.18)(1)(1500 — 400) Btu
A= x = 9 = 264 hr — ft2
12
Thus;
(a) Q
= 264 Btu — ft2
A hr

56. Past ME Board Problem

Compute the amount condensate formed during 10 minutes warm-up of 150 m pipe
conveys saturated steam with enthalpy of vaporization h fg = 1,947.8 kJ/kg. The minimum
external temperature of pipe is 2°C and the final temperature is 195°C. The specific
heat of pipe material is 0.6 kJ/kg-K and the specific weight is 28 kg/m.
a. 249.69 kg c. 124.85 kg
b. 499.38 kg d. 62.42 kg
Solution:
Q(steam) = Q(pipe)

ms(hg — hƒ ) = mpCpDtp
ms (1947.8) = 4200(0.60)(195-2)
Thus;
(a) ms = 249.69 kg

57. Supplementary Problem

A high pressure steam generator is to be fitted with convection type superheater
having 72 elements in parallel. Steam at the rate of 70,000 kg/hr from the boiler drum
enters the superheater inlet header at 8.3 Mpa and 485oC. Combustion products at
980oC enters the superheater proper at the rate of 160,000kg/hr. Superheater
elements are made of 60 mm O.D. by 8 mm thick tubing of 30 m length. Assume that
the flue gas has the same thermal properties of air. Calculate the heat transferred to
the superheater tubes.
 a. 12,152 kW c. 10,152 kW
b. 11,512 kW d. 13,152 kW
Solution:
From mollier Chart:
h1 = 2,715 kJ/kg @ 8.3 Mpa & 98%
quality h2 = 3,340 kJ/kg @ 8.0 Mpa &
485oC
Heat lost by flue gas = Heat gained by steam
mgCpgDtg = ms (h1 – h2)
(160,000)(1.0)(980 – to) = 70,000 (3340 – 2715)
to = 705oC
The rate of heat transferred to the superheated tubes:
Q = ms (h2 – h1)
= 70,000 (3340 – 2715)
= 43,750,000 kJ/hr
= 12,152,000 kJ/S
Thus:
(a) Q = 12,152 kJ/s or kW

58. Supplementary Problem

In a hot water heating system, water heated to 95oC and then is pumped at the rate of
4 L/min through a radiator where it is cooled to 35oC. If the water arrives at the
radiator at at temperature of 85oC, how much heat does the radiator release each
hour?
a. 50,244 kJ/hr c. 55,344 kJ/hr
b. 45,422 kJ/hr d. 65,244 kJ/hr
Solution:
Q = mCpDt
= 4(4.187)(85-35)
= 837.4 kJ/min
= 50,244 kJ/hr
Thus:
(a) Q = 50,244 kJ/hr

59. Supplementary Problem

Brine enters a cooler at the rate of 50 m3/hr at 15oC and leaves at 1oC. Specific heat
and specific gravity of brine are 1.07 kJ/kg-K and 1.1 respectively. Calculate the heat
transferred in kW.
a. 158.21 kW c. 258.21 kW
b. 228.86 kW d. 128.86 kW
Solution:
Q = mCpDt
Where:

m = pV
= 1.1(1000 kg/m3)(50m3/hr)(1hr/3600s)
= 15.28 kg/s
Thus:

Q = (15.28)(1.07)(15-1)
(b) Q = 228.86 kJ/s or kW

60. Supplementary Problem

A metal rod is 10 cm long and has a diameter of 2 cm one end is in contact with steam
at 100oC while the other end contacts a block of ice at 0oC. the cylindrical surface of
the rod is carefully insulated so heat flows only from end to end. In a time of 20
minutes, 320 grams of ice melts. What is the thermal conductivity of metal?
a. 0.28266 kJ/kgoC c. 0.38266 kJ/kgoC
b. 0.18266 kJ/kgoC d. 0.48266 kJ/kgoC
Solution:
Qrod = Qice

[kAΔt]t = mLƒ
x
k(π)(0.01)2(100 — 0)
(20 )(60 ) = (0.320 )(3.3 x 10 5)
0.10
K = 282.66 J/kgoC
K = 0.28266 kJ/kgoC
Thus:
(a) k = 282.66 J/kgoC

61. Supplementary Problem

A wall with an area of 10 m2 is made of 2 cm thickness of white pine (k = 0.113 W/moC)
followed by 10 cm of brick (k = 0.649 W/moC). The pine is on the inside where the
temperature is 30oC while the outside temperature is 10oC. Assuming equilibrium
conditions exist, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?
a. 15.65oC c. 18.21oC
b. 17.64oC d. 19.31oC
Solution:

A∆t
Q = RT

Where:
0.02 0.10
RT = +
. 0.649
RT = 0.331 m2oC/W 113

Then;

(10)(30 — 10)
Q= 0.331
Q = 604.23
W
Solving for the temperature at the interface between the two

materials: Q = Q12
k12A(t1– t2)
604.23 = x12

(0.113)(10)(30– t2)
604.23 = 0.02

Thus;
(a) t2 = 19.31oC

62. Supplementary Problem

In a hot air heating system, the furnace heats air from 60oF to 160oF. If the air is then
circulated at the rate of 330 ft3/min by the blower, how much thermal energy is
transferred per hour.
Note: the specific heat of air at constant pressure is 0.250 Btu/lboF, the density of air is
0.0806 lb/ft3 at atmospheric pressure.
a. 39,000 Btu/hr c. 36,805 Btu/hr
b. 46,800 Btu/hr d. 39,900 Btu/hr
Solution:
Q = mCp∆t
Where:

m = pV
= (0.0806 lb/ft3)(330 ft3/min)
= 26.60 lb/min
Then;
Q = (26.60 lb/min)(0.250 Btu/lboF)(160-60)oF
Q = 665 Btu/min
Thus;
(d) Q = 39,900 Btu/hr

63. Supplementary Problem

If 1000 liters of air at 27oC and pressure of 1 atm has a mass of 1.115kg and a specific
heat at constant pressure of 1 x 103 J/kg – K, how much heat is required to raise the
temperature of this gas from 27oC to 177oC at constant pressure?
a. 176.25 kJ c. 167.25 kJ
b. 157 kJ d. 175 kJ
Solution:
Q = mCP∆t
= (1.115)(1)(177-27)
Thus;
(b) Q = 167.25 kJ

64. Supplementary Problem

Calculate the amount of energy required to heat the air in a house 30 by 50 by 40 ft
from 10 to 70oF. The density of air is about 0.08 lb/ft3, and its specific heat at constant
pressure
0.24 Btu/lboF.
a. 49,120 Btu
c. 69,120 Btu
b. 59,120 Btu
d. 79,120 Btu
Solution:
Q = mCp∆t
Where:

m = pV
= (0.08 lb/ft3)[(30)(40)(50)]ft3
= 4800 lb
Then;

Q = 4800(0.24)(70-10)
Thus;

(c) Q = 69,120 Btu

65. Supplementary Problem
Water enters the condenser at 20oC and leaves at 35oC. What is the log mean
temperature difference if the condenser temperature is 40 oC.
a. 16.37oC c. 15.37oC
b. 13.37oC d. 17.37oC
Solution:
(∆t)max — (∆t)min
LMTD = (∆t)max
ln
(∆t)min

Where:
(∆t)max = 45 – 20
= 25oC
(∆t)min = 45 – 35
= 10oC
25 — 10
LMTD =
25
ln
10
Thus;

(a) LMTD = 16.37oC

66. Supplementary Problem

When 200 grams of aluminum at 100oC is dropped into an aluminum calorimeter (k =
0.909 x 103 J/kg-K) of mass 120 grams and containing 150 grams of kerosene at 15oC the
mixture reaches a temperature of 50oC, what is the specific heat of kerosene?
a. 1004 K/kg-k c. 1110 K/kg-k
b. 1050 K/kg- d. 1080 K/kg-k
k Solution:
Heat loss by aluminum = heat gained by the kerosene and calorimeter
Q A = Qk + Qc

maCa∆ta = mkCk∆tk + mcCc∆tc

(0.20)(0.909x103)(100-50) = (0.15)(Ck)(50-15) + (0.12)(0.909x103)(50-15)
Thus;

(a) Ck = 1004.23 J/kg-K

67. Supplementary Problem

A calorimeter contains 66 kg of turpentine at 10.6oC. When 0.147 kg of alcohol at 75oC is
added, the temperature rises to 25.2oC. the specific heat of turpentine is 1.95x103 J/kg-oC
and the calorimeter is thermally equivalent to 30 grams of water. Find the specific
heat of alcohol.
a. 2.81745 kJ/kgoC c. 0.81745 kJ/kgoC
b. 3.81745 kJ/kgoC d. 1.81745 kJ/kgoC
Solution:
Heat loss by alcohol = heat gained by the turpentine and calorimeter
maCa∆ta = mtCt∆tt + mcCc∆tc
(0.147)(Ca)(75-25.2) = (0.66)(1.95x103)(25.2-10.6) + (0.03)(4.187)(25.2-10.6)
Ca = 2817.45 J/kgoC
Thus;
(a)
Ca = 2.81745 J/KgoC

68. Supplementary Problem

The temperature of a sample of molten lead near its temperature of solidification is
falling at the rate of 6 K/min. If the lead continues to lose heat at this same rate and
takes 35 min. to solidify completely, what is the heat of fusion of the lead? The specific
heat of molten lead is 0.126 kJ/kg-K.
a. 16.46 kJ/kg-K c. 36.46 kJ/kg
b. 26.46 kJ/kg-K d. 46.46 kJ/kg
Solution:
Q = mC∆t =
mLf Lf = C∆t
= (0.126 kJ/kg-K)(6K/min)(35min)
Thus;
(b)
Lf = 26.46 kJ/kg

69. Supplementary Problem

A counterflow heat exchanger is designed to heat fuel oil from 45oC to 100oC while the
heating fluid enters at 150oC and leaves at 115oC. Calculate the arithmetic mean
temperature difference.
a. 40oC c. 60oC
b. 50oC d. 70oC
Solution:

(∆t)max — (∆t)min
AMTD = 2
Where:
 (∆t)max = 115 - 45
= 70oC
(∆t)min = 150 - 100
= 50oC
70 + 50
AMTD = 2
Thus;

(a) AMTD = 60oC

70. Supplementary Problem

A fuel oil of 20oAPI is to be heated in a heater which makes two passes thru heater
tubes and the heating fluid makes one passes but the flow is cross flow through the
heater due to baffles inside the shell.
Quantity of oil to be heated 3000L/hr
Temperature of oil entering heater tubes 21oC
Temperature of oil leaving heater tubes 95oC
Heating fluid, steam enter at 05oC and leaves as condesate at 105oC. Assume specific
heat of oil to be 2.093 kJ/kg-K. Find the heating surface area if the over-all coefficient
of heat transfer is taken as 140 W/m2oC.
a. 24.76 m2 c. 23.75 m2
b. 30.75 m2 d. 32.54 m2
Solution:
Q = UAs(LMTD)
= UAs(θ)
Where:

(∆t)max — (∆t)min
θ= (∆t)max
ln (∆t)min
84 — 10
θ=
84
ln
10

Θ = 43.77oC
Q = moCp∆to
Solving for mo:

141.5 141.5
S. G. = API + 131.5 = 20 + 131.5
S.G. = 0.934
mo = (3000L/hr)(1kg/L)(0.934)
 = 2802 kg/hr
= 0.778 kg/s
From:
Q = (0.778)(2.093)(95-21)
Q = 120.55 kW
Q = 120,550 W
Then:
120,550 – (140)(As)(34.77)
Thus;
(a) 24.76 m2

71. Supplementary Problem

A 30 cm thick wall has an inside and outside surface temperatures of 300oC and 50oC
respectively. If the thermal conductivity of the wall is 8 W/m-K. Calculate the heat
transferred in kW/m2.
a. 6.67 c. 7.67
b. 5.67 d. 8.67
Solution:
Q k∆t
A= x
8(300 — 50)
= 0.30
= 6,666.67 W/m2

Thus;
(a) Q/A = 6.67
kW/m2

72. Supplementary Problem

A 4-pass low-pressure surface type feedwater heater is designed to heat 92,730 kg/hr of
feedwater from 40oC initial to 80oC final temperature using steam bleed at 70 kPa abs.
containing 2,645 kJ/kg enthalpy. Assume no subcooling of condensate, determine the
effective length of 19 mm O.D. x 2 mm thick muntz metal tubes to be installed, if the
water velocity inside the tubes is 1.22 m/s and U = 3000 W/m2K based on the
external surface of the tubes.
a. 2m c. 3m
b. 4 d. 5m
m Solution:
 A = π(O. D. )(L)(no. of tubes)
A = π(0.019)(n)
Solving for LMTD or θ:
(∆t)max — (∆t)min
θ= (∆t)max
ln (∆t)min
50 — 10
θ=
50
ln
10
= 24.85oC

Solving for A:
By: energy balance:
ms(h1 – h2) = mwCpw(t2 –
t1 )
ms(2645 – 376.7) = 92,730(4.187)(80 – 40)
ms = 6846.72 kg/hr
Q = ms(h1 – h2)
= 1.90(2645 – 376.7)
Q = 4,314.01 kW
Q = 4,314,010 W
Then;
Q
A=
Uθ
4,314,010
= 3000(24.85)
= 57.87 m2

Solving for n:
π(I. D)2 n
Vw = [ ](V)( )
4 pass
92,730 π(0.015)2 n
=[ ](1.22)( )
1000(3600) 4 4
n = 477.91 pcs say 480 pcs
Thus;

A = π (0.019)(L)(n)
57.87 = π (0.019)(L)(480)
(a) L = 2.02 m tube length
73. Supplementary Problem

Find the thermal conductivity of the 500 cm thick material with an area of
50,000 cm2 and a temperature difference of 10 K if the heat transmitted during
2 hours test is 2000 KJ.

a. 0.014 W/m-K c. 0.126 W/m-K

b. 0.025 W/m-K d. 0.214 W/m-K

Solution:

kA∆t
Q= x

10,000
k[ ] (10)
2000 (100)2
=
2(3600) 0.500

Thus;

(a) k = 0.014 W/m-K

74. Supplementary Problem

A pipe with an outside diameter of 2.5 in. is insulated with a 2 in. layer of
asbestos (ka = 0.396 Btu-in./hr-ft2-oF), followed by a layer of cork 1.5 in. thick (kc
= 0.30 Btu- in./hr-ft2-oF). If the the temperature of the outer surface of the cork is
90oF, calculate the heat lost per 100 ft of insulated pipe.

a. 847.64 Btu/hr c. 2847.42 Btu/hr

b. 3847.51 Btu/hr d. 1847.14 Btu/hr

Solution:

Q= t1‐t3
r r
ln ( 2) ln ( 3)
r1 r2
+
2πkaL 2πkcL

290‐90
Q= 3.25
ln ( ) 4.75
1.25 ln ( 3.25)
+
0.396 0.30
2π ( 12 ) (100) 2π ( 12 ) (100)

Thus;
 (c) Q=2847.42 Btu/hr

75. Supplementary Problem

At $ 0.25 per kW-hr, how much will it cost to maintain a temperature of 95 oF for 24
hours in a box 2ft square on each side if the outside temperature is 72oF and
the over-all heat transfer coefficient for the box is 0.10 Btu/hr-ft2-oF ?

a. P 0.10 c. P 0.15
b. P 0.20 d. P 0.25

Solution:

Area of One side:

A = (2)(2) = 4 ft2

Heat transferred through one side:

Q = AU(t1‐t2)

Q = 4(0.1)(96‐72)
Btu
Q = 9.6
hr

Total Heat Transferred through 6 sides in 24 hours:

Q = (9.6)(6)(24)

Q = 1382.4 Btu

The Cost to maintain:

1382.4($ 0.25)
C= 3412.75

Thus;

(a) C = $ 0.10

76. Supplementary Problem

 A steam pipe having a surface temperature of 300oC passes through a room
where the temperature is 25oC. The outside diameter of pipe is 100 mm and
emissivity factor is 0.60. Determine the radiated heat loss for a 5 m pipe
length.

a. 5.34 kW c. 3.34 kW
b. 4.34 kW d. 6.34 kW

Solution:

Q = 20,408.4 x 10‐8AFe[T14‐T24]

where:

A = πDL T1 = 300+273=573 K

A = π(0.10)(5) T2 = 25+273=298 K

A = 1.57 m2

Then;

Q = 20,408.4 x 10‐8(1.57)(0.60)[(573)4‐(298)4]
J 1hr
Q = 19,208,138 ( )
hr 3600s
J
Q = 5,335.59 or W
s

Thus;

(a)Q = 5.336 kW

77. Supplementary Problem

An air-cooled condenser has an expected U value of 30 W/m2-K based on the

air side area. The condenser is to transfer 60 kW with an airflow rate of 15 kg/s
entering at 35oC. If the condensing temperature is to be 48oC, what is the
required air-side area?

a. 184 m2 c. 174 m2
b. 194 m2 d. 164 m2

Solution:
 Q=AUθ

Solving for θ :

(∆t)max ‐ (∆t)min
θ= (∆t)max
ln(∆t)min
from:

Q = mCp∆t

60 = 15(1)(∆t)

∆t = 4 K

t2 ‐ t1 = 4 K

t2 = 39 K

(∆t)max = 48 ‐ 35 =

13°C (∆t)min = 48 ‐ 39

= 9°C

Then;
13 ‐ 9
θ= = 10.88°C
13
ln 9

60,000 = A(30)(10.88)

Thus;

(a) 183.82 m2

78. Supplementary Problem

An air-cooled condenser is to reject 40 kW of heat from a condensing

refrigerant to air. The condenser has an air-side area of 210 m2 and a U value
based on this area of 0.037 kW/m2-K; it is supplied with 6.6 m3/s of air which has a
density of 1.15 kg/m3. If the condensing temperature is to be limited to 55oC, what
is the maximum allowable temperature of the inlet air?

a. 30.7 oC c. 50.7 oC
b. 40.7 oC d. 20.7 oC
 Solutio

(∆t)max ‐ (∆t)min
θ= (∆t)max
ln (∆t)min

Solving for θ :

Q=AUθ

70 = (210)(0.037)(θ)

θ = 9.018 K

from:

Q = m Cp ∆t

70 = [(6.6)(1.15)](1.02)(t2‐ t1)

t2 — t1 = 9.04 K

Then;
9.04
9.01 =
55‐ t1
ln
55‐ t2
9.04
9.01=
55‐ t1
ln 55‐(9.04‐ t1)

Thus;

(b) t1 = 40.7 °C

79. Supplementary Problem

Two walls are composed of 150 mm thick insulating material at the outer layer (k =
0.139 W/m-K) and 300 mm thick material at the inner layer (k = 1.111 W/m-
K). Calculate the heat transmitted per m2 if the surface temperature of the cold
side and hot side are 25oC and 300oC respectively.

a. 203.79 W/m2 c. 254.65 W/m2

b. 303.79 W/m2 d. 354.65 W/m2

 Solutio
Q ∆t
A = RT

where:

0.30 0.15
RT = +
1.11 0.139

RT=1.35

Q 300‐25
A = 1.35

Thus;
Q
( a) = 203.79 W/m2
A

80. Supplementary Problem

The temperature of the flame in a furnace is 1277 oC and the temperature of its
surrounds is 277oC. Calculate the maximum theoretical quantity of heat energy
radiated per minute per square meter to the surrounding surface area.

a. 19,321.65 kJ c. 17,321.65 kJ
b. 18,321.65 kJ d. 16,321.65 kJ

Solution:

Q = 20408.4 x 10‐8 Fe (T14‐ T24)

where:

Fe = 1 (if not given)

T1 = 1277 + 273 = 1550 K

T2 = 277 +273 = 550 K

Q = 20408.4 x 10‐8 (1)[(1550)4‐ (550)4]

Q = 1.1593 x 109 J/m2-K

thus;
 (a) Q = 19,321.65 kJ/m2-

81. Supplementary Problem

A small sphere has a radius of 3.50 cm and is maintained at a temperature of

360oC. Assuming it to be a black body surrounded by empty space, how much
energy does it radiate each second?

a. 30 J c. 40 J
b. 35 J d. 45 J

Solution:

Q = 20408.4 x 10‐8 Fe (T14‐ T24)

where:

T1 = 360 + 273 = 633 K

A = π( 0.035)2

A = 0.003848 m2

Q = 20408.4 x 10‐8 (1) (0.003848)(633)4

Q = 126,083.68 J/hr

Q = 35.02 J/s

Thus;

(b) Q = 35 J

82. Supplementary Problem

The inner wall of a thermos bottle is at 0 oC while the outer at 37 oC. The space
between the walls is evacuated and the walls are silvered so the emissivity is
reduced to 0.10. It each wall has an area of 700 cm 2, how much energy is
transformed by radiation between the walls each second?

a. 1.46 J c. 16.5 J
b. 1.04 J d. 17.03 J
 Solutio

Q = 20408.4 x 10‐8 Fe (T14‐ T24)

where:

Fe = 0.10

A = 700 cm2 = 0.07

m2 T1 = 37 + 273 =

310 K

T2 = 0 + 273 = 273 K

Substituting Values:

Q = 5,258.116 J/hr

Q = 1.46 J/s

Thus;

(a) Thus; the energy transferred by the radiation between the walls each
second is 1.46 J

83. Supplementary Problem

The hot gas temperature in a heat exchanger is 350oC (ho = 220 W/m2-K).
What is the surface temperature on the wall if the heat transferred is 1500
W/m2?

a. 3500C c. 3430C
b. 3380C d. 3580C

Solution:
Q
= h ∆t
A o

1500 = 220 (350 – t1)

Thus;

(c) t1 = 343.18oC
84 ME Board Problem

An oil heater heats 100 kg per minute of oil from 35oC to 100oC in a counterflow
heat exchanger. The average specific heat of the oil is 2.5 kJ/kgoC. Exhaust
gases used for heating enter the heater with an average specific heat of 1
kJ/kgoC, a mass flow rate of 250 kg/min and an initial temperature of 200 oC. The
over-all heat transfer coefficient is 75 W/m2oC. Determine the heating surface in
m2.

a. 36.110C c. 32.720C
b. 41.720C d. 25.340C

Solution:

Q=AUθ

Solving for total heat transferred Q and θ :

Qoil = Qgas

moCpo ∆to = mgCpg ∆tg

100(2.5)(100 – 35) = 250(1)(200 – t)

t = 1350C

(∆t)max = 135 - 35 = 1000C

(∆t)min = 200 – 100 = 1000C

If (∆t)max = (∆t)min , then θ = average value =

1000C Q = mCp∆t

100
Q= (2.5)(100‐35)
60

Q = 270.83 kW

Thus;

270.83 = A (0.075) (100)

(a) A = 36.11 m2

85. Supplementary Problem

 If total resistance to heat flow of a composite wall is 3.0875 m2-K/W. What is
the over-all transfer coefficient of the wall?

a. 0.324 W/m2-K c. 0.243 W/m2-K

b. 0.423 W/m2-K d. 0.243 W/m2-K

Solution:
1
U = 1
RT
= 3.0875

Thus;

(a) U = 0.324 W/m2-K

86. Supplementary Problem

In a composite vertical furnace wall, the resistance due to insulating brick is 0.5769
o
C/W. What is the total resistance to heat flow if the percent of the total
resistance due to insulating brick is 96.80%.

a. 0.597 0C/W c. 0.975 0C/W

b. 0.795 0C/W d. 0.957 0C/W

Solution:
Rbrick
% brick =
RT
0.5769
0.9680 =
RT

Thus;

(a) RT = 0.597 0C/W

87. Supplementary Problem

A counterflow bank of boiler tubes has total area of 900 ft2 and its over-all efficiency
of heat transfer is 13 Btu/hr-ft2-oF. Calculate the heat transferred if the log
mean temperature difference is 1380oF.

a. 16,146,000 Btu/hr c. 18,148,000 Btu/hr

 b. 17,147,000 Btu/hr d. 15,145,000 Btu/hr

Solution:

Q=AUθ

Q = 900 (13)(1380)

Thus;

(a) Q = 16,146,000 Btu/hr

88. Supplementary Problem

Calculate the quantity to be transferred to 3.25 kg of brass to raise its temperature

from 30oC to 250oC taking the specific heat of the brass as 0.394 kJ/kg-K.

a. 182 kJ c. 151 kJ
b. 282 kJ d. 251 kJ

Solution:

Q = m Cp ∆t

Q = 3.25(0.394)(250‐30)

Thus;

(b) Q = 281.712 kJ

89. Supplementary Problem

The mass of the copper calorimeter is 0.28 kg and it contains 0.4 kg of water at
15oC. Taking the specific heat of copper as 0.39 kJ/kg-K, calculate the heat
required to raise the temperature to 20oC?

a. 6.92 kJ c. 8.92 kJ
b. 7.92 kJ d. 9.92 kJ

Solution:

Water equivalent of calorimeter:

 0.39
m = 0.28 ( )
4.187

m = 0.026 kg

Heat received by the water and calorimeter

Q = (m+mw) Cp ∆t

Q = (0.026+0.40)(4.187)(20‐15)

Thus;

(c) Q = 8.92
kJ (d)

90. Supplementary Problem

In an experiment to find the specific heat of lead, a 0.50 kg of lead shot at a

temperature of 51oC is poured into an insulated calorimeter containing 0.25 kg
of water at 13.5oC and the resultant temperature of the mixture is 15.5oC. If the
water equivalent of the calorimeter is 0.020 kg, find the specific heat of the
lead.

a. 0.1278 kJ/kg-K c. 0.01389 kJ/kg-K

b. 0.0278 kJ/kg-K d. 0.0389 kJ/kg-K

Solution:

Heat lost by the lead = Heat gained by the water and calorimeter

mL CL ∆tL = mw Cw ∆tw+ mC CC ∆tC (0.5)(CL)

(51 ‐15.5) = (0.25+0.02)(4.187)(15.5‐13.5)

thus;

(a) CL = 0.1278 kJ/kg-K

(∆t)max = 55 ‐ t1

(∆t)min = 55 ‐ t2

(∆t)max ‐ (∆t)min = t2 ‐ t1 = 9.04

91.Supplementary Problem

The load on a water-cooled condenser is 90,000 Btu/hr. If the quantity of water

circulated through the condenser is 15 gpm, determine the temperature rise of
the water in the condenser.

a) 12°F c) 16°F
b) 14°F d) 18°F

Solution:
Q = mCpΔt
90,000 Btu
=m ( Btu ) (Δt)
hr lb ° F

Where:
m = ρV
lb
= 8.33 (15
gal
) (
60 min
)
gal min hr

lb
= 7497
hr

Thus;
90,000 = 7497 (1)Δt
(a) Δt = 12°F

92.Supplementary Problem

Thirty-six gallons of water per minute are circulated through a water-cooled

condenser. If the temperature rise of the water in the condenser is 2°F, compute
the load on the condenser in Btu/hr.

a) 216,000 Btu/hr c) 217,000 Btu/hr

b) 215,000 Btu/hr d) 218,000 Btu/hr

Solution:
Q = mCpΔt
Where:
60 min
m = (36 gal
) (8.33 lb
)( )
min gal hr

= 17992.8
lb/hr Thus:
 Q =17992.8(1) (12)
(a) Q = 215,913.6 Btu/hr

93.Supplementary Problem

The load on an air-cooled condenser is 121,500 Btu/hr. If the desired temperature of

the air in the condenser is 25°F, determine the air quantity in cfm that must be
circulated over the condenser.

a) 4500 cfm c) 5500 cfm

b) 3500 cfm d) 3000 cfm

Solution:
Q = mCpΔt
Where:
Q = 121,500 Btu/hr
Cp= 0.24 Btu/°F
Δt = 25°F
Then:
121,500 = m(0.24)(25)
m = 20,250 lb/hr
the volume flow rate is:
m
V= 20,250 lb/hr
ρ = 0.075 lb/ft³

V = 270,000 ft3/hr = 4500 ft3/min

Thus;
(a) V = 45000 cfm

94.Supplementary Problem

Three thousand cubic feet per minute of air are circulated over an air-cooled
condenser. If the load on the condenser iss 64,800 Btu/hr , compute the temperature
rise of the air passing over the condenser.

a) 16°F c) 20°F
b) 18°F d) 22°F
 Solution:
Q = mCpΔt
Where:
Q = 64, 800 Btu/hr
m = ρV
m = 0.075 lb/ft3 (3000 ft3/min) (60min/hr)
m = 13,500 lb/hr
Cp = 0.24 Btu/lb °F
Thus;
6400 = 13,500 (0.24) Δt
(c) Δt = 20°F

95.Supplementary Problem

The weight of ammonia circulated in a machine is found to be 21.8 lb/hr. If the vapor
enters the compressor with a specific volume of 9.6 ft3/lb , calculate the piston
displacement, assuming 80% percent volume efficiency.
a) 261.6 ft3/hr c) 281.8 ft3/hr
b) 271.6 ft3/hr d) 291.6 ft3/hr

Solution:
Volume flow rate at suction
Actual volumetric efficiency =
Piston displacement

eva = V1/VD
21.8(9.6)
0.80 = VD

VD = 261.6 ft3/hr
Thus;
(a) VD = 261.6 ft3/hr

96.Supplementary Problem

A single-stage ammonia compressor is producing 10 tons of refrigeration and the

power consumed is 15 Hp. Suction pressure is 25 psi, condensing pressure is 180 psi.
Brine temperature is 20°F off brine cooler. Determine the actual coefficient of
performance.
 a) 10.14 c) 12.14
b) 11.14 d) 13.14
Solution:

Refrigeration Capacity
COP = compressor power

10 (3.516)
= 15 (0.746)
= 13.14
Thus;
(d) COP = 13.14

97.Supplementary Problem

In an ammonia condensing machine (compressor plus condenser) the water used

for condensing is 55°F and the evaporator is at 15°F. Calculate the ideal COP.

a) 11.875 c) 10.875
b) 12.875 d) 13.875

Solution:
T1
COP =
T2 ‐ T1

Where:
T1 = 15 + 460 = 475 °R
T1 = 55 + 460 = 515 °R
Then;
475
COP =
515 ‐ 475

Thus;
(a) COP = 11.875
1. Supplementary Problem

Calculate the specific volume of an air-vapor mixture in cubic meters pre kilogram
of dry air when the following conditions prevail : t = 30°C, w = 0.015 kg/kg, and Pt =
90 kPa.

a) 0.99 m3/kg c) 0.79 m3/kg

b) 0.89 m3/kg d) 0.69 m3/kg

Solution:

Ra T
v = Pt ‐ Pv

Solving for Pv:

Pv
w = 0.622
Pt ‐ Pv
Pv
0.015 = 0.622
90 ‐ Pv

Pv = 2.12 kPa
Thus;

(0.287) (30+273)
v= 90 - 2.12

(a) v = 0.99 m3/kg

2. Supplementary Problem

Compute the Humidity Ratio of air at 62 % relative humidity and 34°C when the
barometric pressure is 101.325 kPa.

a)
0.021 kgvapour/kgdry air c) 0.041 kgvapour/kgdry air
b)
0.031 kgvapour/kgdry air d) 0.051 kgvapour/kgdry air

Solution:
Pv
w = 0.622
Pt ‐ Pv

Solving for Pv:

Psat @ 34°C = 5.32

kPa Pv = (RH) Psat

 = (0.62) (5.32)

= 3.30 kPa

Then:
3.30
w = 0.622
101.325 ‐ 3.30

Thus;

(a)
w = 0.021 kgvapour/kgdry air

3. Supplementary Problem

A sample of air has dry-bulb temperature of 30°C and a wet-bulb temperature of

25°C. The barometric pressure is 101.325 kPa. Calculate the enthalpy of the air if it is
adiabatically saturated.

a) 75.94 kJ/kg c) 79.54 kJ/kg

b) 70.94 kJ/kg d) 74.09 kJ/kg

Solution:
Enthalpy of air if adiabatically

saturated: h = Cpt + whg

Solving for humidity ratio, w:
Pv
w = 0.622
Pt ‐ Pv

From steam table, at 25°C :

Pv = 3.17 kPa, hg = 2547.2 kJ/kg
3.17
w2 = 0.622
101.325‐ 3.17

= 0.02 kgvapour/kgdry air

Thus;
h2 = 1.0 kJ/kg-°C (25°C) + (0.02) (2547.2 kJ/kg)
(a) h2 = 75.94 kJ/kg

4. Supplementary Problem
 An air-vapor mixture has dry bulb temperature of 30°C and a humidity ratio of 0.015.
Calculate the enthalpy at 85 kPa barometric pressure.

a) 68.34 kJ/kg c) 72.45 kJ/kg

b) 54.35 kJ/kg d) 67.45 kJ/kg

Solution:
h = Cpt + whg

From steam table, at 30°C :

h = 2556.3 kJ/kg
then,
h = (1 kJ/kg-°C) (30°C) + (0.015) (2556.3 kJ/kg)
Thus;
(a) h = 68.34 kJ/kg

5. Supplementary Problem

In an air conditioning unit, 3.5 m3/s of air 27°C dry-bulb temperature 50 % relative
humidity and standard atmospheric pressure enters the unit. The leaving condition of the
air is 13°C dry-bulb temperature and 90% relative humidity. Using the properties from the
psychrometric chart, calculate the refrigerating capacity in kW.

a) 87.57 kW c) 57.87 kW
b) 77.57 kW d) 58.77 kW

Solution:
Refrigerating Capacity QA:
QA = m (h2 - h1)
Solving for m:

Volume Flow Rate

m =Ave. Specific Volume

3.5
= 1/2(0.866 ‐ 0.822)
 = 4.15 kg/s
Thus;
QA = 4.15 (55.3 - 34.2)
(a) QA = 87.57 kJ or kW

6. Supplementary Problem

A stream of outdoor air is mixed with a stream of return air in an air conditioning
system that operates at 101 kPa pressure. The flow rate of outdoor system air is 2 kg/s
and its condition is 35°C dry-bulb temperature and 25°C wet-bulb temperature.
The flow rate of return air is 3 kg/s and its condition is 24°C and 50% relative
humidity.
Determine the enthalpy of the mixture.

a) 91.56 kJ/kg c) 91.56 kJ/kg

b) 91.56 kJ/kg d) 91.56 kJ/kg

Solution:

By Energy Balance:

m1h1 + m2h2=

m3h3

m1h1 + m2h2 = ( m1+ m2 ) h3

2 (75.9)+ 3 (48)
h3 = 2+3

Thus;

(d) h3 = 59.16 kJ/kg

7. Supplementary Problem
 What is the specific volume of an air-vapor mixture at 30°C and a relative humidity
of 45°C at 101.325 kPa.

a) 0.578 m3/kg c) 0.875 m3/kg

b) 0.785 m3/kg d) 0.758 m3/kg

Solution:

Ra T
v = Pt ‐ Pv
Solving for Pv :
Psat @ 30°C = 4.24
kPa Pv = (RH) Psat @
30°C
= 0.45 (4.24)
= 1.91 kPa
Thus;

0.287(30+273)
v = 101.325 - 1.91
(c) v = 0.875 m3/kg

8. Supplementary Problem

A mixture of dry-air and water vapor is at temperature of 21°C under a pressure of 101
kPa. The dew point temperature is 15°C. Calculate the relative humidity.

a) 68.56 % c) 56.68 %
b) 65.68 % d) 58.66 %

Solution:
Pv
RH =
Psat @ 21°C

Where:

PV = Psat @ 15°C

= 1.7044 kPa

Psat @ 21°C = 2.4861 kPa

Thus;
 1.7044
RH = = 0.6851
2.4861

(b) RH = 68.56%

9. Supplementary Problem

The density of air at 35°C and 101 kPa is 1.05 kg/m3. The humidity ratio is:

a)
0.036 kgvapour/kgdry air c) 0.36 kgvapour/kgdry air
b)
0.063 kgvapour/kgdry air d) 0.63 kgvapour/kgdry air

Solution:

PV = mRT

P = mRT/V

Pair = 1.08 ( 0.287 )( 35 + 273 )

Pair = 95.48

kPa Pt = Pair +

Pvapor 101 =

95.48 + Pv Pv =

5.53 kPa

Then;

Pv
w = 0.622
Pt ‐ Pv

5.53
= 0.622
101 ‐ 5.53

Thus;

(a)
w = 0.036 kgvapour/kgdry air

10.Supplementary Problem
 If the sensible heat ratio is 0.80 and the cooling load is 100 kW, what is the amount of
sensible heating?

a)
80 kW c) 125 kW
b)
60 kW d) 100 kW

Solution:
SHR = sensible heat ratio

Qs
= Qs + QR
0.80 = Qs/100
Thus;
(a) Qs = 80 kW

11.Supplementary Problem

A 4m x 4m x 4m room has a relative humidity ratio of 80 %. The pressure in the room is

120 kPa and temperature is 35 °C (Psat = 5.628). What is the mass of vapor in the room.
Use Rvapor = 0.4615 kN-m/kg-K.
a) 3.03 kg c) 4.03 kg
b) 2.03 kg d) 5.03 kg

Solution:
PvV = mvRvT
Solving for Pv :
RH = Pv / Psat
0.08 = Pv /
5.628 Pv =
4.5024 kPa
Thus;
4.5024 [(4)(4)(4)] = mv (0.4615) (35 + 273)
(a) mv = 2.027 kg
45. The bore and stroke of an air compressor are 276 mm and 164 mm respectively. If the
piston displacement is 0.039 m3/s, what is the operating speed of the compressor?

a. 238.49 rpm c. 338.49 rpm

b. 261.54 rpm d. 361.54
rpm Solution:
2
πd L N
V d= 4

2
π(0.276) (0.164)N
0.039 = 4

N = 3.975 rev/s = 238.49

Thus;
(a) N = 238.49 rpm

46.A turbo-compressor is a gas turbine plant is used to compress 10 kg/s air from an initial
pressure of 102 kpa to a discharge pressure of 622 kpa, with inlet and discharge
temperature measured at 297 K and 527 K respectively. The compressor inlet pipe is
50 cm ID and the discharge pipe is 20 cm ID. Find the inlet discharge velocities of air.
a. 42.56 m/s, 77.40 m/s c. 45.45 m/s, 57.45 m/s
b. 34.72 m/s, 76.56 m/s d. 54.45 m/s, 56.7 m/s

Solution:
Velocity of air at suction:
V Qs
s=
As

Velocity of air in at discharge:

V Qd
d=
Ad

solving for Q:
Q s= V mRT1
s=
P1

(10)(.287)(297)
= 102
=8.357 m3/s
Q d= V
mRT2 d
=
P2

(10)(.287)(527)
= 622
 = 2.43 m3/s
then;

V 8.357 m3/s
s= π =42.56 m/s
(.5)
4
V 2.43 m3/s
d= π 2
=77.40 m/s
4(.20)

Thus;
(a) Vs=42.56m/s , Vd=77.40 m/s

47.
The initial condition of air in an air compressor is 100 kpa and 25 Ԩ and
discharges air at 450 kpa. The bore and stroke are 276 mm and 186 mm
respectively with 8 % clearance running at 6 rev per second. Find the volume of
air at suction.
a. 203.39 m3/hr c. 261.25 m3/hr
b. 303.39 m3/hr d. 361.25 m3/hr
Solution:
Solving for
ev :
1/n
P1
ev=1+c-c ( )
P2

450
=1+0.08-0.08 (
1/1.4
)
100

=0.84575

V π 2 π 2
d= D LN= (0.276) (0.186)(6)
4 4

=0.0668 m3/s

Then;

V1=0.84575(0.0668 )

=203.39 m3/hr
48. If the power to drive shaft is 7 hp and the mechanical efficiency is 75 %, what is
the actual compressor power?

a. 5 hp c. 2 hp
b. 3 hp d. 4 hp

Solution: ev

Compressor power
ev = Power to drive the
shaft

Compressor power
0.74 = 7

Thus;

(a) Compressor Power = 5.18 hp

49.A two stage compressor receives 0.35 kg/s of air at 100 kpa and 629 K and delivers
it at 1000 kpa. Find the heat transferred in the intercooler?

a. 70.49 kw c. 90.49 kw
b. 80.49 kw d. 100.49 kw

Solution:

Q = mCp(Tx- T1)

Solving for Tx:

Px= √100(5000) = 707.11 kpa

Tx k-1
Px
=( )k
T1 P1

1.4-1
Tx 707.11 1.4
=( )
269 100

Tx=470.40 K
Thus;

Q=0.35(1)(470.40 K- 269 K)

Q=70. 49 kw

50.An air compressor which operates at 900 rpm has a piston displacement of
4500cm3. Determine the mass flow rate of air standard density considering that the
volume efficiency is 77 %.

a. 224. 53 kg/hr c. 314. 57 kg/hr

b. 324.35 kg/hr d. 137.54 kg/hr

Solution:

V 1'
e v=
VD

V1'
0.77=
4500

V'1=3465 cm3
Then;

V'1=3465 cm3(900)=3,118,500 cm3/min

At standard temperature and pressure: γair=1.2 kg/m3

kg
m=1.2
cm3 1m3 60 min
3
[3118500 ][ 3
][ ]
m min (100) cm 3 hr

Thus;

(a) m=224.53 kg/hr

1.A fuel is delivering 10 gallons per minute of oil with a specific gravity of 0.83. The
total head is 9.14m; find how much energy the pump consumes in KJ per hour.

a. 169 c. 189
b. 199 d. 179

Solution;

P= γQH

Where:

γ=9.81(.083)=8.14 KN/m3

Q=10 gal/ min =2.27 m3/hr

H=9.14 m

Then; P=8.14(2.27)

(9.14)

Thus;
kj
(a) P=168.89
hr

2. A pump receives 8 kgs of water at 220 kpa and 110 Ԩ and discharges it at 1100 kpa.
Compute the power required in kw.

a. 8.126 c. 7.014
b. 5.082 d. 6.104

Solution:

Let : P=power in kw

P=Q(Pd- Ps)

Where:

kg m3 3
Q= (8 ) (0.001 ) = 0.008 m /s
s kg
Pd=1,100 kpa

P=(0.008)(1100-220)

Thus;

(b) P=7.04 kw

3.A pump lifts water at a rate of 283 liters per second from alake and force it into a
tank 8 m above the level of the water at a pressure of 137 kpa. What is the power
required in kw?

a. 71 c. 61
b. 41 d. 51

Solution:

P= γQH

Where:

γ=9.81 kN/m3

283L
Q= =0.283 m3/s
s
137
H=8+
9.81

H=21.97

Thus; P=9.81(0.283)

(21.97)

(c) P=60.99
4.A pump discharges 150 liters per second of water to a height of 75 m. if the
efficiency is 75 % and the speed of the pump is 1800 rpm, what is the torque in the N-
m to which the drive shaft is subjected?

a. 771 c. 791

b. 781 d. 681

Solution:

Let: ep=pump efficiency

2πTN γQH
P= or P=
60 ep

Where;

N=1800 rpm

γQH 9.81(0.150)(75)
P= ep = 0.75 =147.15 kw

Then;

2πT(1800)
147.15= 60

T=0.781 kN-m

Thus;

(b) T=781 N-m

5.A centrifugal pump delivers 80 liters per second of water on test suction gauge reads
10 mm hg vacuum and 1.2 m below pump center line. Power input is 70 kw. Find the
total dynamic head in meters.

a. 66 c. 62
b. 60 d. 64
Solution:

γ=9.81 kN/m3

Q=0.80 m3/s

P=0.74(70)=51.80

Note: 74% is the usual pump efficiency used if not given.

Thus;

51.80=9.81(0.80)H

(a) H=66 m

6.A pump with a 400 mm diameter suction pipe and a 350 mm diameter discharge pipe
is to deliver 20,000 liters per minute of 15.6 Ԩ water. Calculate the pump head in
meters if suction gage is 7.5 cm below the pump centerline and reads 127 mm Hg
vacuum and discharges gage is 45 cm above the pump centerline and reads 75 kpa.

a. 15 m c. 20 m
b. 5 m d. 10 m

Solution:

H=total dynamic head

Ps-Ps (Vd2-Vs2)
H=
+ +Zd-Zs
γ 2g

li
Q=20,000
min =0.33 m/s
Q
V=
0.33 =2.63 m/s
s 2
=
πd /4 π(0.4) /42
 0.33
Vd = π(0.35)2/4
=3.43 m/s

Thus:

75-(-16.93) (3.432-2.632)
H=
+ +0.45+0.075
9.81 2(9.81)

(d) H=10.14 m

7.A centrifugal pump delivers 300,000 liters per hour of water to a pressurized tank whose
pressure is 284 kpa. The source of water is 5 meters below the pump. The diameter of
the suction pipe is 300 mm and the discharge pipe is 250 mm. calculate the kw rating
of the driving motor assuming the pump efficiency to be 72%.

a. 41.75 kw c. 43.28 kw
b. 35.23 kw d. 38.16 kw

Solution:

Let: Pbrake=brake input power

Pbrake = γQH
ep

Where:

li
Q=300,000 =0.0833m3/s
hr

Solving for H:

From: Bernoulli’s Equation:

Ps-Ps
H= (Vd2-Vs2)
+ +Zd-Zs
2g
γ

where:

0.0833
V= =1.18 m/s
s 2
π(0.3) /4

0.0833 = 1.7 m/s

Vd =
π(0.25)2/4
Then;

280-0 (1.70)2-(1.18)2
H= +5-0
+ 2(9.81)
9.81

H=33.62 m

Thus;

Pbrake = 9.81(0.0833)(33.62)
0.72

(d) Pbrake= 38.16 kw

8.A pump delivers 500 gpm of water against a total head of 200 ft and operating at
1770 rpm. Changes have increased the total head to 375 ft. at what rpm should the
pump be operated to achieved the new head at the same efficiency.

a. 2800 rpm c. 3434 rpm

b. 3600 rpm d. 2424 rpm

Solution:

2
H1 N1
=( )
H2 N2

200 1770 2
=( )
375 N2

Thus;

(e) N2=2423.67 rpm

9. The rate of flow of water in a pump installation is 60.6 kg/s. the intake static gage is
1.22 m below the pump centerline and reads 68.95 kpa gage ; the discharge static
gage is
0.61 m below the pump centerline and reads 344.75 kpa gage. The gages are located
lose to the pump as much as possible. The areas of the intake and discharge pipes are
0.093 m2 and 0.069 m2 respectively. The pump efficiency is 74 %. Take the density of
water equals 1000 kg/m3. What is the hydraulic power in kw?

a. 17.0 c. 31.9
 b. 24.5 d. 15.2

Solution:

Pwater=Phydraulic=γQH

Where:

60.6 kg/s
Q= 1000 kg/m
3

Q=0.0606 m3/s

0.0606
V s= =0.65 m/s
0.093

0.0606
V d= =0.88 m/s
0.069

Ps-Ps
H= (Vd2-Vs2)
+ +Zd-Zs
2g
γ

344.75-68.95 (0.88)2-(0.65)2)
H=
+ +(-0.61+1.22)
9.81 2(9.81)

H=28.74 m

Thus the hydraulic power is:

Phydraulic= 9.81 (0.0606) (28.74)

Phydraulic=17.09 kW
10.It is desired to deliver 5 gpm at a head of 640 ft in a single stage pump having a

specific speed not to exceed 40. If the speed is not exceeding 1352 rpm how many
stages are required?

a. 3 c. 5
b. 4 d. 2

Solution:

Let; n=no. of stages

h=head per stage

then,

640
h= n

from;

N√Q
N=
s 3/4
h
1352√5
40=
640 3/4
(
)
n

Thus, n=2 stages

11. The power output is 30 Hp to a centrifugal pump that is discharging 900 gpm and
which operates at 1800 rpm against a head H = 120 ft, 220 V, 3 phase, 60 Hertz. If
this pump is modified to operate 1200 rpm, assuming its efficiency remains constant,
determine its discharge in gpm, the theoretical head it imparts to the liquid and the
power input to the pump.

a. 600 gpm, 53.33 ft, 8.89 Hp c. 500 gpm, 50.33 ft,7.89 Hp

b. 700 gpm, 63.33 ft, 9.89 Hp d. 650 gpm, 53.33 ft, 8.95 Hp

Solution:

Solution for the discharge, Q2:

Q1 N1
Q 2 = N2

900 1800
Q2 = 1200

Q2 =600 gpm

Solution for the theoretical head, H2 :

2
H1 N1
=( )
H2 N2

120 1800 2
=( )
H2 1200

H2=53.33 ft

Solving for the Power input, P2 :

3
P1 N1
=( )
P2 N2

30 1800 3
=( )
P2 1200

P2=8.89 Hp

Thus;

(a) Q2=600gpm , H2=53.33 ft , P2=8.89 Hp

12. A pump operating at 1750 rpm delivering 500 gal/min against a total head of 150
ft. Changes in the piping system have increased the total head of 360 ft. At what rpm
should the pump be operated to achieve this new head at the same efficiency?

a. 2730 rpm c. 2711 rpm

b. 2740 rpm d. 2600 rpm

Solution:
 2
H1 N1
=( )
H2 N2

150 1750 2
=( )
360 N2

Thus;

N2 =2711.09 rpm

13. Water in the rural areas is often extracted from underground water source whose
free surface is 60 m below ground level. The water is to be raised 5 m above the
ground by a pump. The diameter of the pipe is 10 cm at the inlet and 15 cm at the
exit. Neglecting any heat interaction with the surroundings and frictional heating
effects. What is the necessary power input to the pump in kW for a steady flow of
water at the rate of 15 li/s? Assume pump efficiency of 74 %.

a. 9.54 c. 7.82

b. 5.54 d. 12.90

Solution:

Water Power
Input Power=
Pump Efficiency

γQH
Input Power=
ep

where:
Q = 15 li/s

Q = 0.05

m3
V=

0.015
s
π(0.10)2/4

Vs=1.91 m/s

0.015
Vd = π(0.015)2/4

Vd=0.85 m/s

Vd2-Vs2
H= +Zd-Zs
2g

(0.85)2-(1.91)2
H= +[5-(-60)]
2(9.81)

H = 64.85

Thus;

9.81(0.015)(64.85)
Input power = 0.74

(d) Input Power = 12.896 kW

14. Past Board Problem

Find the hydraulic horse power and the mechan ical efficiency of a rotary pump direct
connected to a 5 Hp electric al motor operating at full load under the following
conditions:

Fluid handled oil

Temperature 21°C

Specific gravity 0.85

Volume flow rate 20 li./se c

Total Head 175 kPa

a. 4.69 Hp , 94% c. 5.69 , 74%

b. 3.69 Hp , 84% d. 6.69 , 78%

Solution:

Hydraulic Power of the Pump :

Phydraulic = γ Q H

where:

γ = 9.81(0.85) = 8.34 kN/m 3

Q = 20 li /s = 0.020 m3

/s P 175 kPa
H= =
y 8.34 kN/m2

H = 20.98 m

then ;

Phydraulic = (8.34) (0.020) (20.98)

= 3.50 kW

Phydraulic = 4.69 Hp
 Phydraulic 4.69
ep = Brake power = 5

ep = 0.94 = 94%

thus;

(a) Phydraulic = 4.69 Hp , e p = 94%

15. Past Board Problem

Water from an open reservoir A at 8 m elevation is drawn by a motor driven pump to an

open reservoir B at 70 m elevation. The insid e diameter of the suction pipe is 200 mm and
150 mm for the discharge pipe. The suction line has a loss of head three times that of the
velocity head in the 200 mm pipe. The disch arge line has a loss of head twenty times that
of the velocity head in the discharge pipeline. The pump centerline is at 4 m. Overall
efficiency of the system is 78 %. For the discharge rate of 10 li /s, find the power input to
the motor and the pressure gage readings instal led just at the outlet and the inlet of the
pump in kPag.

a. 7.82 kW, 39 kPa, 650 kPa c. 6.82 kW, 35 kPa, 550 kPa
b. 8.82 kW, 40 kPa, 680 kPa d. 5.82 kW, 30 kPa, 500 kPa

Solution:

Power input of the motor:

Pinput yQH
Pinput = 0.78 = 0.78

where:

Q = 0.010 m3 /s

0.010
Vd = ஠ (0.150)2/4

Vd = 0.565884242 m /s

0.010
Vs = ஠ (0.20)2/4

Vs = 0.318309886 m /s

Pd– Ps Vd2– Vs2

H= y + 2g + Zd — Zs
 (0.556)2– (0.318)2 (0.565)2 (0.318)2
H=0+ 2(9.81) + 20 [ 2(9.81) ] + 3 [2(9.81) ] + 64 – 4

H = 62.3530768 m

thus;

(9.81)(0.010)(62.35)
Pinput = 0.78

Pinput = 7.842098505 kW

Pressure Gages Readings:

Ps = γ Hs = 9.81(3.99)

Ps = 39.14 kPa

Pd = γ Hd = 9.81(66.34)

Pd = 650.80 kPa

16. Supplementary Problem

A pump adds 167.6 m of pressure head to 45.43 kg/s of water. What is the hydraulic
power in kW.

a. 64.69 kW c. 66.54 kW
b. 74.69 kW d. 76.54 kW

Solution:

P=γQH

where:

45.43 kg/s
Q= 1000 kg/m3 = 0.04543 m3 /s

P = 9.81 (0.04543) (167.6)

thus;

(b) P = 74.69 kW
17. Supplementary Problem

A pump driven by an electric al motor moves 25 gal/min of water from a reservoir A to B,

lifting the water to a total head of 245 ft. The efficiency of the pump is 64%. Neglecting
velocity head, friction, and minor losses. What size motor is required?

a. 2.64 Hp c. 1.55 Hp
b. 2.55 Hp d. 1.64 Hp

Solution:

P=γQh

= (8.33 lb /gal) (25 gal/min.) (245 ft)

ft–lb
= 51,021.25
1 Hp
min (33,000 ft–lb/min )

thus;

(a) P = 1.55 Hp

18. Supplementary Problem

A c entrifugal pump is powered by a direct dr ive induction motor is needed to discharge

150 gal/ min against a total head of 180 ft when turning at fully loaded speed of 3500
rpm. What type of pump should be selected?

a. Radial c. Mixed Flow

b. Francis d. Propeller

Solution:

N N√Q

=s (H)3/4

3500√150
=
(180)3/4

= 872.286 rpm

thus;

(a) Radial turbine

 19. Past ME Board

A boiler feed pump receives 40 L/s at 4 MPa and 180°C. It operates against a total head
of 900 m with an efficiency of 60%. Determine the power output of the driving motor.

a. 450.21 kW c. 500.21 kW
b. 459.64 kW d. 523.26 kW

Solution:

Pwater
Pmotor =
epump

Solving for P water :

From Steam table:

At 4 Mpa and 180°C

h1 = 764.76 kJ/kg

v1 = 0.00112484 m3 /kg

ρ= 1
0.00112484 = 889.015 kg / m3

= 8721.24 N/ m3

= 8.721 kN/m 3

Pwater = γ Q h

= (8.721 kN/ m3) (0.040 m 3 /s) (910 m)

= 313 956 kW

thus;

313.956
Pmotor = 0.60

(a) Pmotor = 523.26 kW

 20. Past ME Board

A submersible, multi-stage, centrifugal deep well pump 260 gpm c apacity is installed in a
well 27 ft below the static water level. Drawdown when pumping at rated capacity is 10
ft. the pump deliverd that water into a 25,000 gallons capacity overhead storage tank.
Totaldischarg e head developed by pump includ ing friction in piping is 243 ft. Calculate
the brakepower required to drive th e pump if pump efficiency is 70%.

a. 15.86 Hp c. 30.16 Hp
b. 21.22 Hp d. 10.52 Hp

Solution:

Pwater
Pbrake =
epump

Solving for P water :

gal
Q = 260
min 1 ft3
(7.48 gal )

= 34.76 ft3 / min.

H = 243 – (27 – 10)

= 226 ft
3
lb ft
P = (62.4 ) (34.76 ) (226 ft)
water
ft3 min

ft–lb
= 490,199.42
1 Hp
min (33,000 ft–lb/min )

4.85 Hp
Pwater =
0.70

thus;

Pwater = 21.22 Hp

21. Past ME Board Problem

A boiler feed pump receives 45 li./s of water at 190°C and enthalpy of 839.33 kJ/kg. It
operates against a head of 952 m with effi ciency of 70%. Estimate the water leaving
temperature assuming that the temperature rise is due to the inefficiency of the input
energy.
 a. 190.96 °C c. 199.71 °C
b. 194.66 °C d. 200 °C

Solution:

mwCw(∆tw) = mw∆h
- mw∆h
epump

4.187 (t2 – 190) = h2– 839.33

= (h2 – 839.33)
epump

Solving for h2:

mw (h2- h1) = 0.00981 (952)

h2 = 848.67 kJ/kg

then;

848.67– 839.33
4.187 (t2 – 190) = – (848.67 – 839.33)
0.70

(a) t2 = 190.96 °C

22. Past ME Board Problem

A pump is driven by an electric motor mo ves 25 gal/min of water from reservoir A to

reservoir B, lifting the water to a total of 245 ft. The efficiency of the pump and motor are
64% and 84% respectively. What size of motor in Hp is required?

a. 3 Hp c. 2 Hp
b. 5 Hp d. 7 Hp

Solution:

Pbrake
Pmotor =
emotor

Solving for P water :

Q = 25 gal/min = 0.0557 ft3 /s

3
lb
P = (62.4 ) (0.0557 ft ) (245 ft)
water
ft3 min

= 851.54 ft-lb/s ( 1 Hp
)
550 ft–lb/s
Pwater = 1.55 Hp

Pwater 1.55
Pbrake = =
epump 0.64

= 2.42 Hp

thus;

(a) Pmotor = 2.88 Hp or 3 Hp

23. Past ME Board Problem

A vacuum pump is used to drain a flooded mine shaft at 20°C water. The pump pressure
of water at this temperature is 2.34 kPa. The pump is inc apable of lifting the water higher
than 10.16 m. What is the atmospheric pressure?

a. 90.21 kPa c. 102.01 kPa

b. 96.02 kPa d. 108.01 kPa

Solution:

From Bernoulli’s Theorem:

Ps Vs2 Pd Vd2
+ + Zs = + + Zd
y 2g y 2g

Ps Pd Vd2– Vs2
= + + (Zd — Zs)
y y 2g

Ps 2.34
= + 0 + 10.16
9.81 9.81

(c) thus; Ps = 102.01 kPa

24. Past ME Board Problem

Water reservoir is pumped over a hill through a pipe 45 mm in diameter and a pressure of
1 kg /cm2 (98.08 kPa) is maintained at the summit. Water discharge is 30 m above the
reservoir. The quantity pumped is 0.50 m3 /s. Frictional losses in the discharge and suction
pipe of the pump is equivalent to 1.5 m he ad loss. The speed of the pump is 800 rpm,
what amount of energy must be furnished by the pump in kW?

a. 206 kW c. 250 kW
b. 210 kW d. 245 kW
P=γQH

Solving for H:
Pd– Ps Vd2– Vs2
H= + + Zd — Zs + (hfd — hfs)
y 2g

2
2 ] –0
98.08 –
0 0.50
[
= ಘ/4 (0.45)
9.81 + 2(9.81) + 30 +1.5

h = 42 m

then;

P = 9.81 (0.50) (42)

thus;

(a) P = 206 kW

25. Past ME Board Problem

A pump is to deliver 80 gpm of water at 140°F with a discharge pressure of 150 psig.
Suction pressure indic ates 2 in. of merc ury vacuum. The diameter of suction and
discharge pipes are 5 in. and 4 in. respective ly. The pump has efficiency of 70%, while the
motor efficiency is 80%. Determine the power input to the drive motor.

a. 12.59 Hp c. 15.590 Hp
b. 10.59 Hp d. 20.59 Hp

Solution:

Pbrake
Pmotor =
emotor

Pwater
Pbrake =
epump

Solving for P water :

Q = 80 gal/min = 0.1782 ft3 /s

0.1782
Vs = ஠/4 (5/12) 2 = 1.307 ft/s

0.1782
Vd = ஠/4 (4/12) = 2.043 ft/s
2
From steam table:

At 150 psig (164.7 psi) and 140°F:

γ = 61.424 lb /ft3

Pd– Ps Vd2– Vs2

h= y + 2g

14.7
150(144)–[–2( )(144)]
29.92 (2.0443)2– (1.307)2
= 61.424
+
2(32.2)

= 354 ft

then;

Pwater = 61.424 (0.1782) (354)

ft–lb
= 3874.80 = 7.05 Hp
s

Pbrake = 7.05
= 10.07 Hp
0.70

10.07
Pmotor =
0.80

thus;

(a) Pmotor = 12.59 Hp

26. Past ME Board Problem

Determine the water horse power of a centrifu gal water pump which has an input of 3.5
Hp if the pump has an 8 in. nominal size suction and 6 in. nominal size discharge and
handles 150 gpm of water of 150°F. The suction line gage shows 4 in. Hg vacuum and the
discharge gage shows 26 psi. The discharge ga ge is loc ated 2 ft above the center of the
discharge pipe line and the pump inlet and di scharge lines are at the same elevation.

a. 2.52 Hp c. 2.78 Hp
b. 3.52 Hp d. 3.78 Hp

Solution:

P=γQH

Solving for h:
Q = 150 gal/min = 0.334 ft3 /s

Q Q
Vs = = 0.957 ft/s Vd= = 1.701 ft/s
As Ad

From steam table:

At 150°F:

γ= 1
= 61.2 lb/ ft3
0.01634

Pd– Ps Vd2– Vs2

H= y + 2g

14.7
[26–(–4)( )](144)
29.92 (1.701)2– (0.957)2
= 61.2
+
2(32.2)

= 67.83 ft

thus;

P = (61.2) (0.334) (67.83)

= 1386.50 ft-lb /s

(a) P = 2.52 Hp

27. Past ME Board Problem

Water from an open reservoir A at 8 m elevation is drawn by a motor-driven pump to an

open reservoir B at 70 m elevation. The insid e diameter of the suction pipe is 200 mm and
150 mm for the discharge pipe. The suction line has a loss of head three times that of the
velocity head in the 200 mm pipe. The discharge line has a loss of head 20 times that of
the velocity head of the discharge pipeline. The pump centerline is at 4 m. Overall
efficiency of the system is 78%. For a discharge rate of 10 li./s, find the power input to the
motor.

a. 10.06 kW c. 6.12 kW
b. 4.80 kW d. 7.85 kW
Solution:

Pwater
Pinput =
eoverall

Solving for Pwater:

Q 0.010
Vs = = ಘ
As 2
4 (0.2)

= 0.318 m/s

Q 0.010
Vd = A = ಘ
(0.15)2
d 4

= 0.566 m/s

Vs2 (0.318)2
hLs = 3 ( )=3[ ]
2g 2(9.81)

= 0.01546 m
2
h = 20 (Vd2) = 20 [(0.566) ]
Ld 2g 2(9.81)

= 0.32642 m

H= Pd– Ps
+ Vd2– Vs2
+ (Zd — Zs) + (hLs — hLd)
y 2g

2 2
(0.566) –(0.318)
= + (66 – 4) + (0.01546 + 0.32642)
2(9.81)

= 62.35 m
then;

Pwater = 9.81 (0.010) (62.35)

= 6.12 kW

thus;

6.12
Pinput =
0.78

(d) Pinput = 7.85 kW

28. Past ME Board Problem

A double suction, single stage, cenyrifugal pump delivers 900 m 3 /hr of seawater (S.G. =
1.03) from a source where the water level varies 2 m from high tide to low tide level. The
pump centerline is loc ated 2.6 m above the surfa ce of the water at high tide level. The
pump discharges into a surfa ce condenser, 3 m above pump centerline. Loss of head
due to friction in suction pipe is 0.80 m and the discharge side is 3 m. Pump is directly
coupled to a 1750 rpm, 460 V, 3 phase, 60 Hz motor. Calculate the specific speed of
pump in rpm.

a. 5,149.20 rpm c. 5,500 rpm

b. 6,149.20 rpm d. 6,500 rpm

Solution:

Ns = N√Q
(H)3/4
Solving for H:

hs = 2 + 2.6 + 0.8

= 5.4 m

= 17.72 ft

hd = 3 + 3 = 6 m

= 19.69 ft

H = 17.72 + 19.69

= 37.41 ft

Q1 = Q2 = 900/2

= 450 m3 / hr

= 1981 gal/min

then;

N
=s 1750√1981
(37.41)3/4

thus;

(a) Ns = 5,149.20 rpm

29. Past ME Board Problem

A DC driven pump running at 100 rpm delivers 30 liters per second of water at 40°C
against a total pumping head of 27 m with a pump efficiency of 60%. Barometer pressure
is 758 mm Hg abs. What pump speed and c apa city would result if the pump rpm were
increased to produce a pumping head of 36 m assuming no change in efficiency.

a. 115.47 rpm , 34.64 L/s c. 110.51 rpm , 34.46 L/s

b. 115.47 rpm , 38.68 L/s d. 110.51 rpm , 38.68 L/s

Solution:

New Speed required:

 N2 H2
= √
N1 H1

N2
36
100 = √27

N2 = 115.47 rpm
New Capa city Required:
Q2 N2
Q1 =
N1

Q2 115.47
30 = 100
Q2 = 34.64 L/s
thus;
(a) N2 = 115.47 rpm , Q2 = 34.64 L/s

30. Supplementary Problem

A centrifugal pump discharged 20 L/s against a head of 17 m when the speed is 1500
rpm. The diameter of the impeller was 30 c m and the brake horse power was 6.0. A
geometric ally similar pump 40 c m in diameter is to run at 1750 rpm. Assuming equal
efficiencies, what brake horse power is required?

a. 51.55 HP c. 40.15 HP

b. 50.15 HP d. 45.15 HP
Solution:
New brake horse power required:
P1 P2
=
D15 N13 D25 N23
6 P2
(0.30)5 (1500)3 = (0.40)5 (1750)3
thus;
( c) P2= 40.14
Hp

31. Supplementary Problem

A two-stage centrifugal pump delivers 15,000 kg / hr of 110°C water against 76 m head at
3500 rpm. What is the specific speed of the pump?
Solution:

Ns = N√Q
0.0194H3/4
Solving for Q:

15,000 (VF @ 110°C)

Q= 3600

15,000 (0.001052)
= 3600

Q = 0.004383 m3 /s

H = 76/2 = 38 m

then;

3500√0.004383
Ns = = 780.39 rpm
0.0194(38) 3/4

thus;

(a)
Ns = 780.39 rpm
32. Supplementary Problem

Calculate the impeller diameter of the ce ntrifugal pump that requires 15m head
to deliver if pump speed is 1500 rpm.

a. 218.43 mm c. 345.75 mm
b. 300.75 mm d. 276.45 mm

Solution:

V=πDN

Solving for V:

V= √2gh

= √2(9.81)(15)

= 17.15 m /s

then;

17.5 = πD(1500)
60

D = 0.21843 m

thus;

(a) D = 0.21843 m

33. Supplementary Problem

A large centrifugal pump has a 254 mm diameter inlet and a 127 mm diameter
outlet pipe. The measured flow rate is 51.6 L/s of cold water. The measured inlet
pressure is 127 mmHg above atmospheric and disc harge pressure measured at a
point 1.22 m above the pump outlet is 212 kPa abs. The pump input is 10 Hp. Find
the pump efficiency.

a. 78.51 % c. 74.54 %
b. 70.62 % d. 76.77 %
 Solution:

e pump = Pwater / Pinput

Solving for P water :

Vs = Q / As = 0.0516 / π/4(0.254)2

Vs = 1.018 m/s

Vd = Q / A d

0.0516
= 4π(0.127)2

= 4.073 m /s

2 2
Pd – PS Vd – Vs
H= + + —Z )
(Z d s
γ 2g

101.325
[(212‐101.325)‐127( )]
2
‐(1.018)2
= 9.81
760
+ (4.073) +1.22
2(9.81)

= 11.57 m

Pwater =9.81(0.516)(11.57)

=5.86 Kw=7.85Hp

thus;

e pump = 7.85/10

(a) e pump = 0.785 = 78.51%

34. Supplementary Problem

A closed tank contains liquefie d butane gas whose specific gravity is 0.60. The
tank pressure us 1.7 Mpa gage which is also the equilibrium vapor pressure of
butane at the pumping temperature. Suction line losses is 1.5 m of gas and the
static elevation gain is 4m. What is the Net Positive Suction Head available
(NPSH)?

a. 2.5 m c. 3.5 m
b. 1.5 m d. 1.7 m

Solution:
 Use (+) for static elevation gain.

NPSH = P+Pa–Pv + s — Hƒ
9.81(SG)

= 0 + 4 – 1.5

Thus;

(a) NPSH= 2.5 m available

35. Supplementary Problem

A condensate pump at sea level take water from a surfa ce condenser where the
vacuum is 15 in. of mercury. The friction and turbulence in the piping in the
condenser hot well and the pump suction flange is assumed to be 6.5 ft. If the
condensate pump to be installe d has a required head of 9 ft, what would be the
centerline of the pump to avoid c avitation?

a. 2.5 ft c. 18 ft
b. 15.5 ft d. 5.5 ft

Solution:

The Net Positive Suction Head required by the pump is 9.

then;

NPSH = P+Pa–Pv + s — Hƒ
9.81(SG)

9 = 0 + S – 6.5

Thus;

(b)
S = 15.5 ft

36. Supplementary Problem

A boiler feed pump receives 130 cfm of water with specific volume of 0.0025 m 3

at a head of 800 m. If the pump efficiency is 64%, what is the output of the driving
motor?

a. 299 kW c. 250.34 kW
b. 350.16 kW d. 299.64 kW

Solution:
 epump = Pwater / Pinput

Solving for P water ;

Q = 130 ft3 = 0.061 m3 /s

γ= 1
0.0025 (0.00981) = 3.9245 kN/m3

Pwater = 3.924(0.061)(800)

= 191.49 Kw

Then;

Poutout = 191.49/0.64

Thus;

(a) Poutout = 299.21 kW

37. Supplementary Problem

A dearator heater supplies 150 L/ min of daerated feedwater into a booster pump
at 115Ԩ pumping temperature, The heater pres sure is maintained at 100 kPag by
bleed steam. Pump centerline is loc ated 1m above the floor level. Suction line
losses is 0.60 m. Determine the minimum height of water level in the heater that
must be maintained above the centerline of the pump to avoid c avitation, if the
pump to be installe d has a reuired suction head 5.8 m.

a. 9.05 m c. 3.25 m
b. 2.25 m d. 5.09 m

Solution:

NPSH = P+Pa–Pv + s — Hƒ
9.81(SG)

where;

P = 100 kPag

Pa = 101.325 kPa

PV = Psat at 115Ԩ
 Pv = 172 kPa

Vf at 15.6Ԩ = 0.001 m3 / kg

Vf at 11.5Ԩ = 0.001055 m3 / kg

0.001
S.G. = 0.001055 = .948

then;

100+101.325‐172
5.8 = 9.81(.948) + S – 0.60

thus;

(c) S = 3.25

38. Supplementary Problem

A pump running at 1000 rpm delivers water against a head of 300 m. If the pump
speed will increased to 1500 rpm, what is the change in head.

a. 575 m c. 675 m

b. 375 m d. 475 m

Solution :

H2
= (N2)
H1 N1

H2 = 300(1500/1000) 2

H2 = 675 m

thus;

(b) ∆H = 675 – 300 = 375 M

39. Supplementary Problem

Oil is being pumped from a truck to a tank 10 ft higher than the truck through a 2
in. galvanized pipeline 100 ft long. If th e pressure of the discharge sid e of the
pump is 15 psi, at what rate in gpm is oil flowing through the pipe? The oil has a
specific gravity of 0.92 at the temperature in the pipe.
 a. 542.22 gpm c. 642.44 gpm
b. 442.44 gpm d. 742.44 gpm

Solution:

Q = AV

15(144)
H = P / γ + hs = + 10
62.4(.92)

= 47.66 ft

V = √2gh = √2(32.2)(47.66)

= 55.40 fps

π22/4
A= 144

= 0.0218 ft2

then;

Q = 0.0218 (55.40)

= 1.209 ft3 /s (7.489 gal/1ft 3)(60 s/min)

thus;

(a) Q = 542.44 gal / min or gpm

40. Supplementary Problem

A pump is operated by motor developing 30 Kw and is delivering water at a

pressure of 200 psig. If the pump is drawing water from a lake 20 ft below the
centerline and the me chanical and hydraulic efficiency may be assume d to be
97% and 65% respectively; estimate the amount of water disc harge in gallons per
minute.

a. 358.26 gpm c. 208.26 gpm

b. 258.26 gpm d. 308.26 gpm

Solution:

Pwater = γQH
 Solving for P water;

Pwater = Pbrake (epump )

= (30)[(.97)(.65)]

= 18.915 Kw

Solving for H;

200(144)
H= 62.4 — (—20)

= 481.54 ft

= 146.766 m

Then;

18.915 = 9.81 Q (146.766)

Q = 0.01314

thus;

(c) Q = 208.26 gpm

41. Supplementary Problem

A 30 Hp centrifugal pump is used to deliver 70 cfm water. Calculate the number

of stages needed if ea ch impeller develops a 38 ft head.

a. 4 c. 8
b. 6 d. 10

Solution:

No. of stages = Total head / head per stage

Solving for the total head, H;

Q = 70 ft3 / min

Q = 0.033 m3 /s

P=γ QH

30 / 0.746 = 9.81 (0.033) H

 H = 124.22

n = 124.22 / 38

Thus;

(a) n = 3.26 say 4 stages

42. Supplementary Problem

In a test of a centrifugal pump driven by an electric motor, the suction pipe is 10

in. in diameter and its gage indicates a partial va cuum of 2.5 ft of water. The
disc harge pipe is 5 in. in diameter, is 2 ft higher than the suction gage and shows
a pressure of 50 ft of water. if the pump efficiency is indic ated assuming motor
efficiency of 85%?

a. 60% c. 75%
b. 70% d. 65%

Solution:

Ele ctric al Power Input = Water power / (e pump )(emotor )

Solving for water power:

Vs = Q/A S = 1.6 / π/4(10/12)2 = 2.935 fps

Vd = Q/A d = 1.6 / π/4(5/12)2 = 11.74 fps

H = (50 + 2.5) + 2 + [(11.74)2 – (2.935)2]/ 2(32.2)

H = 56.51 ft

Pwater = (62.4)(1.6)(56.51)

= 5,641.96 ft-lb /s

= 10.26 Hp

then;

12/ .746 = 10.26 / (epump)(0.85)

thus;

(a) e pumo = 0.7504 = 75.04%

43 Supplementary Problem

A centrifugal pump is designe d for 2000 rpm and head of 70 m. What is the speed
if the head id increased to 100 m.

a. 2100 rpm c. 3000 rpm

b. 2390 rpm d. 3010 rpm

Solution:
H2
= (N2)2
H1 N1

100/70 =(N 2 /2000)2

Thus;

(b) N2 = 2,390.46 rpm

44. Supplementary Problem

A water pump develops a total head of 200 ft. The pump efficiency id 80% and
the motor efficiency is 87.5%. If the power rate is 1.5 cents per Kw-hr, hat is the
power cost for pumping 100 gal?

a. 34 cents per hour c. 2.34 cents per hour

b. 1,34 cents per hour d. 3,34 cents per hour

Solution:

P=γQH

= (62.4 lb/ ft 3)[(1000 gal/hr)(1 ft 3 / 7.48 gal)(1 hr / 16000 s)](200 ft)

= 436.46 Hp

P motor = 0.84 / 0.80(.875)

Power Cost = 0.895 Kw ($ 0.015 / Kw- hr)

Thus;

(b) Power Cost = $ 0.0134 per hr or 1.34 cents per hr

45. Supplementary Problem

 A test on a centrifugal pump operating at 1150 rpm showed a total of 37.6ft at a
c apa city of 800 GPM. Estimate the total head and c apa city if the pump were
operated at 1750 rpm. Assume normal operation at point of maximum efficiency in
ea ch c ase.

a. 87.07 ft., 1217.4 gpm c. 97.07 ft., 1217.4 gpm

b. 87.07 ft., 1517.4 gpm d. 97.07 ft., 1517.4 gpm

Solution:

New Head Required: New Capacity Required:

H2 2
N2= Q
( = (N2)
N1
H1 ) 2
Q1
N1

2
H2 1750 1750
=
Q
( = ( )
37.6
2
)
1150 800 1150

H2 = 87.07 ft Q 2 = 1217.4 gpm

Thus;

(a) H2 = 87.07 ft; Q 2 = 1217.4 gpm

46. Supplementary Problem

A centrifugal pump operating at 1800 rpm develops total head of 200 ft at a

c apa city of 2500 gpm. What is the specific speed?

a. 1590 rpm c. 1650 rpm

b. 1690 rpm d. 1550 rpm

Solution:

N √Q 1200√2500
Ns = =
H3/4 (200)3/4

Thus:
 (a) Ns = 1690 rpm

47. Supplementary Problem

A centrifugal pump operating at 1150 rpm showed a total head of 40 ft at a

c apa city of 600 gpm. The impeller diameter is 10.5 in. Estimate the total head and
c apa city of a geometrically similar pump at 1150 rpm with an impeller diameter of 10
inches.

a. 30. 25 ft.,513.8 gpm c. 36.28 ft., 618.3 gpm

b. 36.28 ft., 518.3 gpm d. 30.25 ft., 618.3 gpm

Solution:

New Head Required: New Capacity Required:

H2
D2=
2 )3
( = (D2
D1
H1 Q2
)
Q1
D1

H2 10 2
40 = (10.5) Q2
= ( 10 )
600 10.5

H2 = 36.28ft Q2 = 518.3gpm

Thus;

(b) H2 = 36.28 ft; Q2 = 518.3 gpm

50. Supplementary Problem

A pump delivers 20 cfm of water having a density of 62 lb / ft 3. The suction and discharge
gage reads 5 in. Hg vacuum and 30 psi respectively. The discharge gage is 5 ft above
the suction gage. If pump efficiency is 70%, what is the motor power?

Solution

Pwater
Pmotor =
0.70

P, — P, V,2 — V,
H= γ +
+ (Z, – Z,)
2g

[30 — (—5)(14.7/29.920]144
= 62 + 0 + 5 = 80.38 ft
 lb ft3 ft — lb 1 Hp
Pwater = (62 ) (20 ) (80.38 ft) = 99674.87 ( )
ft3 min min 33, 000 ft — lb/min

Pwater = 3.02 Hp

Thus;

3.02
(c)Pwater = = 4.31 Hp
0.70

49. Supplementary Problem

A centrifugal pump-motor unit draws 100 li/ mi n of water from a supply which has a level
at the centreline of the pump. The discharge pressure is 28 kg /c m 2 and the over-all unit
efficiency is 67 %. What could be the required input to the electric motor in kW if the
head is 280 m.

a. 6.83 kW c. 7.83 kW
b. 5.83 kW d. 8.83 kW

Solution

Pwater
Pinput =
0.67

9.81 (0.100) 280

60
=
0.67

(a) Pinput = 6.83 kW

48. Supplementary Problem

A double-suction centrifugal pump delivers 3 m 3 /s of water at a head of 15 m and

running at 1200 rpm. Calculate the specific speed of the pump. N s

a. 9958.46 rpm c. 16, 000 rpm

b. 12, 110.64 rpm d. 17, 000 rpm

Solution

N √Q
Ns = H3/4

Where:
 m3
Q=3
s
47, 556.14 gpm
= (double suction pipe) = 23, 778.07 gpm
2

H = 15 m = 49.215 ft

1200√23, 778.07
(a)Ns = = 9958.56 rpm
(49.215)3/4
Llamera, Kristine Joyce D. 10 – 19388

ME – 5206

Problems in Industrial Plant Engineering

Part 4: Fans & Blowers

1. What horse power is supplie d to air moving at 20 fpm through a 2 x 3 ft duct under a
pressure of 3 in. water gage?

a. 0.786 Hp
c. 0.642 Hp
b. 0741 Hp
d. 0.0566 Hp

Solution:

Pair = γ Q h

 Solving for Q:
Q = AV
= [ (2)(3)] (20)
60

ft3
=2 /s

 Solving for h:
γ w hw (62.4)(3⁄12)
h= γ = γ

15.6
= γ

then,

Pair = γ (2) (15.6)

γ
ft–lb 1Hp
= 31.2 s (550 ft–lb⁄s )

 Thus,
(d) Pair = 0.0567 Hp

2. A fan whose static efficiency is 40% has a c apa city of 60,000 ft3 per hour at 60
℉ and barometer of 30 in. Hg and gives a static pressure of 2 in. of water column
on full delivery. What size electric motor shall be used to drive this fan?
a. ½ Hp c. 2 Hp
b. 1 Hp d. 1 ½ Hp

1
 Solution:

Static air power

Brake (input) Power =
Static fan efficiency
Pair
Pbrake =
s
e
 Solving for Pair:
Pair = γ Q h
where;

60,000 ft3
Q= 3600 = 16.67 s

γ wh w (62.4)(2⁄12) 10.4
h= γ = γ = γ

then;

Pair = γ (16.67)(10.4 )
γ

= 173.37 ft–lb ( 1Hp

)
s ft—lb
550 s

= 0.315 Hp
 thus;
0.315
Pbrake = = 0.788 Hp
0.40
(b) Use 1 Hp

3. Air is flowing in a duct with a velocity of 7.62 m /s and a static pressure of 2.16 cm
water gage. The duct diameter is 1.22 m, the barometric pressure 99.4 kPa and the
gage fluid temperature an d air temperature are 30 Ԩ. What is the total pressure of air
against which the fan will operate in c m of water?
a. 3.25 c. 3.75
b. 2.50 d. 1.25
Solution:
h = hs +
hv
 Solving for velocity head, hv :
2 2
v (7.62)
hv = =
2g 2(9.81)

= 2.959 m of air
 Solving for velocity in terms of c m of water:
hv(1000) = (2.959)(ρair)
where:
99.4
ρair = 0.287(30+273)

ρair = 1.143 kg⁄m3

2
 then;

hv(1000) = (2.959)(1.143)
hv = 0.0034 m of water
hv = 0.34 c m of water
 thus;

h = 2.16 + 0.34
(b) h = 2.50 c m of water

4. A ventilating fan discharge 4.4 m3of air per second through a duct 91 c m in diameter
against a static pressure of 22 mm water gauge. Barometric pressure is 730 mm Hg,
the temperature of air is 29.44 Ԩ and the gauge fluid density is 994 kg / m3. If the power
input is 2.65 kW, determine the static efficiency.
a. 35.62 % c. 45.62 %
b. 25.62 % d. 55 %

Solution:

Pout γQh
es = Pin = 2.65

9.81 (4.4)[0.022(0.994)]
= 2.65

= 0.3562
 thus;
(a) e = 35.62 %

5. A ventila tion system includes a fan of 570 m3 per minute. A c apa city discharging
thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct against 30 mm static pressure. Air temperature is at 21 Ԩ
and barometer pressure is 730 mm Hg. (97 kP a). What input power will be required to
give the fan an efficiency of 44.3%?
a. 5 Hp c. 3 Hp
b. 10 Hp d. 7 Hp
Solution:
Pair
Pinput = Pbrake =
em

Pair
P = 0.443
input
 Solving for Pair:

ρw = 1
Vf@21Ԩ 1
= 0.00100416

= 995.85 kg /m3

3
 P 97
ρw = =
RT (0.287)(21+273)

= 1.150 kg/ m3
 Static pressure in c m WG converted into m of air:
ρahs = ρw(0.30)
1.150 hs = (995.85)(0.30)
hs = 25.98 m of air
 Velocity of air at the fan outlet:
Q 570/60
V= = = 8.56 m/s
A (1.22)(0.91)

 Velocity pressure:
v2 (8.56)2
hv = =
2g 2(9.81)

= 3.73 m of air
 Total Pressure created by Fan:
h = hs+ hv
= 5.98 + 3.73
= 29.71 m of air
then;

Pair = γ Q h
= [1.150(0.00981)(570/60)(29.71)]
= 3.18 kW
= 4.27 Hp
 thus;

4.27
Pbrake = 0.443

Pbrake = 9.64 Hp say 10 Hp

6. The me chanical efficiency and static pressure of a fan are 40% and 20 m of air
respectively. What is the static efficiency if the total pressure created by fan is 25 m of
air?
a. 30.44% c. 35.44%
b. 33.44% d. 37.44%
Solution:

es = em (hs)
h

= (0.443)(20/25)
 thus;

4
 (a) es = 0.3544 or 35.44%

7. Air enters a fan through a duct at a velocity of 6.3 m /s and an inlet static pressure of
2.5 cm of water less than atmospheric pressure. The air leaves the fan through a duct
at a velocity of 11.25 m /s and a discharge static pressure of 7.62 c m of water above
the atmospheric pressure. If the specific weight of the air is 1.20 kg/ m3 and the fan
delivers 9.45 m3 /s, what is the fan efficiency when the power input to the fan is 13.75
kW at the coupling?
a. 71.81% c. 52.34%
b. 61.81% d. 72.34%
Solution:
Air Power
Fan efficiency =
Input Power

Pair
efan = Pin

 Solving for Pair:

h = hs+ hv
P –P 2
d s Vd –Vs2
=( )+( )
γ 2g

0.0762–0.025 11.252–6.32
=( γ ) (1000) + ( 2(9.81) )

= 88.761 m of air
then;
Pair = γ Q h
= [1.2(0.00981)](9.45)(88.761)
= 9.874 kW
 thus;

9.874
efan = 13.75

(a) efan= 71.81%

8. The forced draft fan is in parallel with a c apacity if 73.2 m3 per second ea ch supplying
combustion air to a steam generator. Air inlet is at 43.33 Ԩ, a static pressure of 254
mm water gage is developed and the fan speed is 1200 rpm. The fan input is 257 kW
ea ch. Calculate the c apa city of the fan for a speed increase of 20 percent.
a. 77.86 m3 /s c. 89.46 m3 /s
b. 87.84 m3 /s d. 59.49 m3 /s

5
 Solution:

QT = 1.21 Q1
= 1.21 (73.2)
 thus;

(b) QT = 87.84 m3 /s

9. Calculate the air power of a fan that delivers 1200 m3 / min of air through a 1 m by 1.5
m outlet. Static pressure is 120 mm WG and density of air is 1.18.
a. 20.45 kW c. 30.45 kW
b. 25.64 kW d. 35.64 kW
Solution:
Pair = γ Q h
 Solving for h:

hs = hw (ρw)
ρa

= 0.120 (1000)
1.18

hs = 101.695 m of air
from:
Q=AV
1200
= [(1)(1.5)](V)
60

V = 13.33 m /s

v2 (13.33)2
h = =
v 2g 2(9.81)

= 9.06 m of air
h = hs+ hv
= 101.695 + 9.06
= 110.756 m of air
 thus;

Pair = [(1.18)(0.00981)](1200)(110.756)
60

(b)Pair = 25.64 kW

10. A fan delivers 4.7 m3 /s at a static pressure of 5.08 c m of water when operating at a
speed of 400 rpm. The power input required is 2.963 kW. If 7.05 m3 /s are desired in the
same fan and installation, finds the pressure in cm of water.
a. 7.62 b. 17.14

6
 c. 11.43 d. 5.08
Solution:
h1 N1 2
=( )
h N2
400 2
2
5.08
=( )
h N2
2
 Solving for N2:
Q1 N1
Q2 = N2

N2 = 600 rpm
then;
5.08 400 2
=( )
h 600
2
 thus;
(c) h2 =11.43 cm of water

11. A fan described in a manufacturers table is rated to deliver 500 m3 /min at a static
pressure (gage) of 254 c m of water when running at 250 rpm and requiring 3.6 kW. If
the fan speed is changed to 305 rpm and the air handled were at 65 Ԩ instead of
standard 21 Ԩ, find the power in kW.
a. 3.82 c. 4.66
b. 5.08 d. 5.68
Solution:
 Power Require d at 305 rpm and 65 Ԩ:
P1 ρ1 T2
P2 = ρ2 = T1
P1 65+273
P2 = 21+273
 Solving for the Power required at 305 rpm and 21 Ԩ:
P1 N1 3
=( )
P N2
205 3
2
3.6
=( )
P 305
2
P2 = 6.5 kW
then;
6.5 65+273
P2 = 21+273
 thus;
(d) P2 = 5.68 kW

7
12. What is the set efficiency of a fan if the fan efficiency is 45% and motor efficiency is
90%?
a. 40.50% c. 30.41%
b. 35.65% d. 40.94%
Solution:
Set of Efficiency = Fan Efficiency x Motor Efficiency
= (0.45)(0.90)
 thus;
(d) efan = 0.405 or 40.50%

13. A fan draws 1.42 m3 /s of air at a static pressure of 2.54 c m of water through a duct 300
mm diameter and discharges it through duct of 275 mm diameter. Determine the
static fan efficiency if total fan mechanical efficiency is 70% and air is measured at
25Ԩ and 760 mm Hg.
a. 60% c. 30%
b. 50% d. 40%
Solution:

es = em (hs)
h

 Solving for hs:

P
ρaίr = RT
hwρ w
hs = ρa
101.325
= (0.287)(25+273)
(0.0254)(1000)
=
3 1.18
= 1.18 kg /m
= 21.52 cm of air
 Solving for hv:

V=Q
A

1.42 = 20.09 m
V =
s π(0.3)2 s
4

1.42
V = = 23.9 m
s π(0.275)2 s
4

(Vd)2–(Vs)2 (23.9)2–(20.09)2
hV = =
2g 2(9.81)

hv = 8.54 m of air
 Solving for h:
h = hs+ hv
= 21.52 + 8.54

8
 = 30.06 m of air
 thus;
es = (0.70)(21.52/30.06)
(b) es = 0.5011 or 50.11%

14. A fan manufa cturer rates his fans at 152 mm water gage static pressure for 10 m3 of
air per second at 21Ԩ, 1200 rpm and static efficiency of 69%. At what speed would
these fans operate to develop 130 mm wa ter gage when the temperature is 316 Ԩ?
a. 1570 rpm c. 1770 rpm
b. 1670 rpm d. 1470 rpm
Solution:

 At 21Ԩ,
H2 2
= (Q2)
H1 Q1
2
H2 = (Q2)
152 10
H2 = 1.52Q22
 A change in temperature will effect a change in density:
H3
= ρ3 = (P3) (T2)
H2 ρ2 P2 T3

 With the same pressure; P2 = P3:

H3
= (T2)
H2 T3
130
21+273
1.52Q2
2 = ( 316+273 )
Q2 = 13.09 m3/s
 At 21Ԩ ∶
N2 Q2
N1 = Q1
N2 13.09
1200 = 10

 thus;
(a) N2 =1570.8 rpm

15. A 12 Hp motor is used to drive a fan that has a total head of 20 m. If the fan
efficiency is 70%, what is the maximum c apa city in m3 /s?
a. 26.63 m3 /s c. 24.43 m3 /s
b. 25.53 m3 /s d. 27.73 m3 /s

9
 Solution:

Pair = 0.70(12) = 8.4 Hp

= 6.27 kW
Pair = γ Q h
6.27 = [(1.2)(0.00981)]Q(20)
 thus;

(a) Q =26.63 m3 /s

16. Fin d the air horse power of an industrial fan that delivers 26 m3 /s of air through a 1 m
by 1.2 m; pressure is 127 mm of water; air temperature is 21 Ԩ and barometric pressure
is 760 mm of mercury.
a. 53.35 Hp c. 46.45 Hp
b. 43.33 Hp d. 56.45 Hp
Solution:
P= γQh

 Solving for h:
Q 26
V= = = 21.667 m/s
A (1)(1.2)

101.325
ρair = 8.314(21+273)

ρair= 1.2 kg/ m3

ρwater@ 101.325 kPa = 998.6 kg/m3

ρair v2
hv = ) (
ρwater 2g

1.20 (21.62)2
hv = ( )
998.6 2(9.81)
hv = 0.029 m
hs = 127 mm = 0.127 m

h = 0.127 + 0.029 = 0.156

 then;
P = (9.81)(26)(0.156)
= 39.79 kW
 thus;
(a) P = 53.34 Hp

10
17. A large forced – draft fan is handling air at 1 atm, 43.3 Ԩ under a total head of 26.6
c m WG (at 43.3 Ԩ). The power input to the fan is 224 kW and the fan is 75 percent
efficient. Compute the volume of air handled per minute. Loc al gravity of
acceleration is g = 9.81m/ s2.
a. 3,862.87 m3/min c. 2,862.87 m3/min
b. 4,862.87 m3/min d. 4,567.97 m3/min
Solution:
Power Input to fan = Shaft Power

γQh
P= efan

9.81 Q (0.266)
224 = 0.75

Q = 64.38 m3 /s
= 3,862.87 m3/min
 thus;

(a) 3,862.87 m3/min

18. A fan develops a brake power of 150 kW at 1.2 kg / m3 air density. What is the new
brake power of the fan if it operates at 100 kPa and 30 Ԩ at the same speed?
a. 163.75 kW c. 133.86 kW
b. 143.75 kW d. 173.86 kW
Solution:
P2 ρ2
P1 = ρ1

 Solving for ρ2:

100
ρ2 = 0.287(30+273)

= 1.15 kg/m3
 then;

P2
1.15
150 = 1.2
 thus;
(b) P2 = 143.75 kW

11
18. Supplementary Problem

A cold storage compartment is 4.5 m long by 4 m wide by 2.5 m high. The four walls,
ceiling and floor are covered to a thickness of 150 mm with insulating material which
has a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 5.8 x 10 -2 W/m-K. Calculate the quantity of
heat leaking through the insulation per hour when the outside and inside face
temperatures of the material is 15°C and -5°C respectively.

a. 2185.44 kJ c. 3185.44 J
b. 1185.44 kJ d. 4185.44 kJ

Solution

kAΔt
Q =
x

where:

A = 2 [ (4.5)(2.5) + (4)(2.5) + (4.5(4) ]

= 78.5 m2

then:
(5.8x10-2)(78.50)(15+5)
Q =
0.15
Q = 607.07 W or J/s
Q = 2185.44 kJ/hr

thus;
(a) the quantity of heat through the insulation per hour is 2185.44 kJ
19 Supplementary Problem

A thin square steel plate, to 10 cm on a side, is heated in a blacksmiths forge to a

temperature of 800°C. If the emissivity is 0.60, what is the total rate of radiation of energy?

a. 900 Watts c. 300 Watts

b. 400 Watts d. 700 Watts

Solution

Q = A e σ T4
W
Q = (0.020m2 ) (0.60) (5.67 x 10-8 ) (1073)4 K4
m2K4
thus;
(a) Q = 900 Watts
 20. Supplementary

A furnace wall consist of 35 cm firebrick (k= 1.557 W/m-K), 12 cm insulating

refractory (k=0.346) and 20cm common brick (k=1.692) covered with 7 cm steel plate
(k=45). The temperature at the inner surface of the firebrick is 1230 degree C and at
the outer face of the steel plate is 60 degree C. Atmosphere 27 degree C. What is the
value of combined coefficient for convection and radiation from the outside wall?

a. 31.13 W/m2-K c. 41.3 W/m2-K

b. 30.13 W/m-K d. 40.13 W/m2-K

Solution

Q Δt
=
A RT
where:
k12 k23 k34 k45
RT = + + +
X12 x23 x34 x45
0.35 0.12 0.2 0.07
= + + +

1.557 0.346 0.692 45

m2K
= 0.862
W
then;
Q (1230-60)K
= = 1357.15 W/m2
A m2K
0.862
W
Q Q5-0 t5 - to
= =
A A 1
h0
60-70
1357.15 =
1
h0
W
h0 = 41.13
m2K
 21. Supplementary

A dry ice storage chest is a wooden box lined with glass fiber insulation 5cm thick. The
wooden box (k= 0.069) is 2 cm thick and cubical 60 cm on an edge. The inside surface
temperature is -76 degree C and the outside surface temperature is 18 degree C. Use
k=
0.035 for fiber glass insulation. Determine the heat gain per day.

a. 10211 kJ c. 12211kJ

b. 11195 kJ d. 9185 kJ

Solution

A∆t
Q =
RT
where:
A = 6[(0.60)(0.60)]
= 2.16m2
k12 k23
RT = +
x12 x23
0.05 0.02
= +
0.035 0.069
= 0.1718
then;
2.16(18+76) J
Q = = 118.18
1.718 S
(3600s) (24hrs) (1kJ)
= (118.18)
(hr) (Day) (1000J)
kJ
= 10211.092
day

thus;
(a) the heat gain per day is 10211.092kJ
 22. Supplementary

One side of the refrigerated cold chamber is 6 m long by 3.17 m high and consists of
168mm thickness of cork between outer and inner walls of wood. The outer wood wall
is 30 thick and its outside face temperature is 20 degree C, the inner wood wall is 35
mm thick and its inside face temperature is -3 degree C. Taking the coefficient of
thermal conductivity of cork and wood as 0.42 and 0.20 W/m-K respectively, calculate
the heat transfer per second per sq. m of surface area.

a. 5.138 J c. 6.318 J

b. 4.138 J d. 3.318 J

Solution

Q ∆t
=
A RT

where:
0.03
RT = 0.168 0.035
+ + = 4.325

0.2 0.042 0.2

then;
Q 20+3
= = 5.918W
4.325
J
= 5.318
s
thus;
(a) the heat transfer per second per sq.m of the surface is 5.318 J
23. Supplementary

Hot gases at 280 degree C flow on one side of a metal plate of 10 mm thickness and
air at 35 degree C flows on the other side. The heat transfer coefficient of the gases is
31.5 W/m-K and that of the air 32 W/m-K. Calculate the overall transfer coefficient.

a. 15.82 W/m2-K c. 14.82 W/m2-K

b. 15.82 W/m2-K d. 17.82 W/m2-K

Solution
1
U =
RT
where:
F k12 1 1 0.01 1
RT = + + = + +
h1 x12 x12 31.5 50 32

= 0.0632

thus;

U =
1
= 15.82
0.06032
W
(a) U=15.82
m2-K
24. Supplementary

The surface temperature of the hot side of the furnace wall is 1200 degree C. It is
desired to maintain the outside of the wall at 38 degree C. A 152 mm of refractory
silica is used adjacent to the combustion and 10 mm of steel covers the outside. What
thickness of insulating bricks is necessary between refractory and steel, if the heat loss
should be keep at 788 W/m2? Use k= 12.84 W/m-K for refractory silica; 0.15 for insulating
brick, and 45 for steel.

a. 220 mm c. 260 mm

b. 240 mm d. 280 mm

Solution

x12 x23 x34

RT = + +
k12 k23 k34
0.152
RT = x23 0.01
+ +

31.84 0.15 45
Solving for RT
∆t
788 =
RT
(1200-38)
788 =
RT

RT = 1.475
then;
0.152
1.475 = x23 0.01
+ +

13.48 0.15 45
thus;
x23 = 0.22mm
(a) x23 = 220mm
25. Supplementary

How much heat will flow in 24 hours through a plaster wall that is 0.50 in thick and 8 ft x 14
ft in area if the temperature is 80 degree F on one side and 40 degree F on the other?
Use
= 3.25 Btu-in/hr-ft2-degree F

a. 5.99 x 105 Btu c. 7.99 x 105 Btu

b. 6.99 x 105 Btu d. 4.99 x 105 Btu

Solution
kA∆T
Q =
x
3.25[(8)(14)](80-40)(24)
=
0.5
thus;
(b) Q = 6.99 x105 Btu
26. Supplementary

A hollow sphere has an outside radius of 1 m and is made of polystyrene foam with a
thickness of 1 cm. A heat source inside keeps the inner surface 5.20 degree C hotter
that the outside surface. How much power is produced by the heat source? Thermal
conductivity of polystyrene foam is 0.033 W/M degree C.

a. 200 W c. 300 W

b. 216 W d. 316 W

Solution
kA∆T
Q =
x
where:
A = 4∏(1)2
= 12.56 m2
(0.033)(12.56)(5.20)
Q =
0.01 = 216 W

thus;
(b) Q= 216 W
27. Supplementary

A glass window has an area of 1.60 m 2 and a thickness of 4mm. If one side is at a
temperature of 6.80 degree C and other is at -5 degree C, how much thermal energy flows
through the window in a time of 24 hours? The thermal conductivity of glass is 1.89 x
10-4 Kcal/ m-s-degree C

a. 26200 kCal c. 40700 kCal

b. 58000 kCal d. 77100 kCal

Solution
kA∆T
Q =
x
(1.89 x 10-4)(1.60)(6.80+5)(3600)(24)
=
0.004
= 77100 kCal
thus;
(d) Q = 77100 kCal
28. Supplementary

The wall of a cold room consist of a layer of cork sandwiched between outer and inner
walls of wood, the wood walls being each 30 mm thick. The inside atmosphere of the room
is maintained at -20 degree C when the external atmospheric temperature is 25 degree
C, and the heat loss through the wall is 42 W/m2. Taking the thermal conductivity of
wood and cork as 0.20 W/m-K and 0.05 W/m-k respectively, and the rate of heat
transfer between each exposed wood surface and their respective atmospheres as 15
W/m2 –K, calculate the thickness of the cork.

a. 31.90 mm c. 41.90 mm

b. 21.90 mm d. 51.90 mm

Solution
Q
k∆T
=
A x
where:
Q W
= 42
A m2
W
k = 0.05
m-K
x = 30mm = 0.30m
from the heat through each wood wall:
0.20∆t
42 =
0.03
∆t = 6.30◦C
Interface temperature of outer wood and cork:
= 22.2 - 6.3 = 15.6◦C
Interface temperature of inner wood and cork:
= -17.2 + 6 = 10.9◦C
Temperature difference acros cork:

= 15.9-(-10.9) = 26.8◦C
 From heat flow through cork:
0.05(26.8)
42 =
x
x = 0.0319m
thus;
(a) x = 31.90 mm
29. Supplementary

A slab of material has an area of 2m 2 and is 1mm thick. One side is maintained at a
temperature of 0 degree C while the other is at 12 degree C. It is determined the 6820 J
of heat flows through the material in a time of 10 minutes. What is the thermal
conductivity of the material?

a. 4.74 x 10-4 W/m◦C c. 2.66 x 10-4 W/m◦C

b. 5.74 x 10-4 W/m◦C d. 9.79 x 10-4 W/m◦C

Solution

kA∆T
Q =
6820 J
k(2)(12-0)
=
10(60) s 0.001
J
k = 4.74 x 10- 4
s-m-◦C
thus;
W
(a) k = 4.74 x 10-4
m◦C
30. Supplementary

An insulated steam pipe located where the ambient temperature is 32°C, has an inside
diameter of 50 mm with 10 mm thick wall. The outside diameter of the corrugated
asbestos insulation is 125 mm and the surface coefficient of still air, h0 = 12 W/m2-
K. Inside the pipe is steam having a temperature of 150°C with film coefficient hi =
6000 W/m2-K. Thermal conductivity of pipe and asbestos insulation are 45 and 0.12
W/m2-K respectively. Determine the heat loss per unit length of pipe.

a. 110 W c. 130 W
b. 120 W d. 140 W

Solution:

∆t
Q= x

Where:

r r
1 ln( 2) ln( 3) 1
RT = r1 r2
Aihi + 2πLk1 + 2πLk2 + A0h0

35 62.5
1 ln( ) ln( ) 1
RT = 25 35
[π(0.05)L](6000)
+ 2πL(45)
+ 2πL(0.12)
+ [π(0.125)L](12)

RT = 0.98345 / L

Then;

150–32
Q =0.98345/L

Thus;

(b) Q/L = 120 W per meter length

31. Supplementary

A pipe 200 mm outside diameter and 20 m length is covered with a layer, 70 mm

thick of insulation having a thermal conductivity of 0.05 W/m 2-K and a thermal
conductance of 10 W/m2-K at the outer surface. If the temperature of the pipe is
350°C and the ambient temperature is 15°C, calculate the external surface
temperature of the lagging.

a. 32.6°C c. 42.6°C
b. 22.6°C d. 53.6°C

Solution:

Q(for lagging) = Q(for surface film)

2πkL(T1–T2)
r = πd Lh(T — T )
ln( 2) 2 2 3
r1

2π(0.05)(350–T2)
= π(0.340)(10)(T — 15)
170 2
ln( )
100

T2 = 32.6°C
32. Supplementary

Dry and saturated steam at 6 Mpa abs. enters a 40 m length of 11.5 cm O.D. steel
pipe at a flow rate of 0.12 kg/s. The pipe is covered with 5 cm thick asbestos
insulation (k=
0.022 W/m-k). The pipe is located in a tunnel with stagnant air temperature of 27 degree
C. The unit outside convective coefficient is 10 W/m2-K. Neglecting steam film and
pipe wall resistances, determine the mass of steam.

a. 4.86 kg/hr c. 5.86 kg/hr

b. 3.86 kg/hr d. 6.86 kg/hr

Solution:

The temperature of the outer surface of the pipe is equal to that of the steam since
the resistance of metal pipe and vapor are negligible. Vapour temperature t1 =t2 =tsat
@ 6Mpa = 275 degree C.

RT = R2 + R0
ln(10.75/5.75) 1
= +
2∏(40)(0.022) ∏(0.215)(40)(10)
= 0.11687 ◦C
∆t
Q = 275-27
=
RT 0.11687
= 2112 W
= 2.122kW

The heat necessary to condense steam at 6Mpa is hfg @ 6Mpa is equal to 1571 kJ/kg.
Since there are 2.122 kW of heat lost from the steam, then

Steam 2.122kJ/s
Condensed =
1577kJ/s
= 0.00135 kg/s
= 4.86 kg/hr
 33. Supplementary

Calculate the heat loss per linear ft from 2 in. nominal pipe (2.375 in. outside diameter )
covered with 1 in. of an insulating material having an average thermal conductivity of
0.0375 Btu/ hr- ft- degree F. Assume that the inner and outer surface temperatures of the
insulation are 380 degree F and 80 degree F respectively.

a. 110 Btu/ hr-ft c. 120 Btu/ hr-ft

b. 116 Btu/ hr-ft d. 126 Btu/ hr-ft

Solution
∆t ∆t
Q = =
RT ln( d2/d1)

2∏kL
380
=
ln(4.375/2.375)

2∏(0.0375)

Btu
Q = 116
hr-ft
 34. Supplementary
Calculate the heat loss per linear foot from a 10 in. normal pipe ( outside diameter = 10.75
in. ) covered with a composite pipe insulation consisting of 1 ½ in of insulation I placed next
to the pipe and 2 in. of insulation II placed upon insulation I. assume that the inner
and outer surface temperatures of the composite insulation are 700o F and 100oF
respectively, and that the thermal conductivity of material I is 0.05 Btu/hr-ft-oF and for
material II is 0.039 Btu/hr-ft-oF.

a. 423.13 Btu/hr-ft c. 120 Btu/hr-ft

b. 123.13 Btu/hr-ft d. 126 Btu/hr-ft

Solution

Δt
Q = RT

Where:

In(13.75/10.75 In (17.75/13.75)
RT = 2π(0.05)(1) + 2π(0.039)(1)

= 1.826

Then:

700–110
Q= 1.862

Thus;

(d) Q = 323.13 Btu

hr–ft
35. Supplementary

A steam pipe carrying a steam at 380 kPa pressure for a distance of 120 m in a
chemical plant is not insulated. Estimate the saving in steam cost that would be made per
year if this 8 cm steam line were covered with 85% magnesia pipe covering 5 cm thick.
Take room temperature to be 25˚C, the cost of steam is 65 cents per 1000 kg. thermal
conductivity of magnesia k = 0.0745 W/m-K, unit convective coefficient of room air, ho
= 12 W/m2-K.

a. $ 305 c. $ 505
b. $ 405 d. $ 605

Solution

Steam temperature = 142o C

Latent heat hfg = 2139.4 kJ/kg

Heat Loss from the bare pipe:

Q1 = Δt
Ro

Where:

Ro = 1
Ao ho

1
= n(0.08)(120)(12)

= 0.00276 oC/W

Then;

142–25
Q1 = 0.00276

= 42,343.64 W
= 42,344 kW
Total Resistance from the insulated pipe:
R1 = R2 + Ro
In(d3/d2) 1
= 2஠Lk2 + ஠d2Lho

In(8/5)
= 2π(120)(0.0745) 1
+ π(0.08)(120)(12)
 R1 = 0.01113 ˚C/W
Heat loss from the insulated pipe:

Q2 = Δt 142–25
R1 = 0.01113
= 10,512.13 W

Heat Saved = Q1- Q2

= 42,34364 – 10.51213
= 31,831 kW
Amount of steam saved due to condensation (m2):

31.831 kJ/s
m = 2739.4 kJ/kg

= 0.014878 kg/yr
36. Supplementary

A liquid to liquid counter flow heat exchanger is sued to heat a cold fluid from
120℉ to 310℉. Assuming that the hot fluid enters at 500F and leaves at 400F, calculate
the log mean temperature difference for the heat exchanger

a. 132F c. 332F

b. 232F d. 432F

Solution

LMTD = log mean temperature difference

∆tmax–∆tmin
LMTD ∆tmax
ln
= ∆tmin

Where:

∆tmax = 400 — 120 = 280 ℉

∆tmin = 500 — 310 = 190 ℉

Thus, LMTD = 280

280=
ln
232℉
190
37. Supplementary
A blower with the inlet open to the atmosphere delivers 300 cfm of air at a pressure of 2in.
WG trough a duct 11 in. diameter, the manometer being attached to the discharge
duct at the blower. Air temperature is 70ºF, and the barometer pressure is 30.22 in Hg.
Calculate the horsepower.

a. 1.54 Hp c. 3.54 Hp

b. 2.54 Hp d. 0.75 Hp

Solution:

Pair = ɣgh

where:

Q = 3000 cfm

Solving for h:

Air density at the following condition by correcting the standard density.

ρair = 0.075 ( 30.2 ) = 0.076 lb/ft3

29.92

2
hs = 62.4
12 ( ) = 136.84 ft of air
0.076

3000/60
11 2
V2 π/4( )
hv = 12
=[ ] = 89.13 ft
2g 2(32.2)

then;

P = 0.075 (3000/60(136.84 + 89.13)

ft - lb 1 Hp
P = 847.39 ( )
s 550 ft-lb/s

thus;

(a) P = 1.54 Hp
38. Supplementary

A certain fan delivers 12,000 cfm at a static pressure of 1in. WG when operating at a speed
of 400 rpm and requires an input of 4 Hp. If the same installation 15,000 cfm are
desired, what will be the new speed, and the new power needs?

a. 450 rpm, 6.81 Hp c. 500 rpm, 6.81 Hp

b. 500rpm, 7.81 Hp d. 450 rpm, 7.81

Hp Solution:

New Speed Required: The New Power Required:

N2 Q2 P2
= =( N2 3
)
N1 Q1 P1 N1

N2 15000 P2 500
400 = 12000 4 = ( 400 )3

N2 = 500 rpm P2 = 7.81 hp

thus;

(b) 500 rpm, 7.81 Hp

39. Supplementary Problem

A certain fan delivers 12,000 cfm at 70ºF and normal barometric pressure at a static
pressure of 1 in. WG when operating at 400 rpm and requires 4 Hp. If the air temperature
is increased to 200ºF (density 0.06018 lb/ft3) and the speed of the fan remains the same,
what will be the new static pressure and power?

a. 0.81 in. WG, 3.21 Hp c. 0.71 in. Wg, 3.24 Hp

b. 0.81 in. WG, 2.24 Hp d. 0.71 in. WG, 2.24 Hp

Solution:

New Static Pressure Required: New Power Required:

h2 ρ2 P2 ρ2
h1 = ρ1 P1 = ρ1
 h2 0.06018 P2 0.06018
1 = 0.075 4 = 0.075

h2 = 0.80 in. WG P2 = 3.21 Hp

thus;

(a) 0.81 in. WG, 3.21 Hp

40. Supplementary Problem

If the speed of the fan in problem 39 is increased so as to produce a static pressure

of 1 in. WG at 200ºF. What will be the new speed and new capacity?

a. 446.54 rpm, 13,396.33 cfm c. 457.45 rpm, 12,457.45 cfm

b. 454.34 rpm, 15,345.17 cfm d. 745.54 rpm, 11,345.34 cfm

Solution:

New Speed Required: New Capacity Required:

N2 0.075 Q2 0.075
400 = √0.06018 12000 = √ 0.06018

N2 = 446.54 rpm Q2 = 13,396.33 cfm

thus;

(a) 446.54 rpm, 13,396.33 cfm

41. Supplementary Problem

If the speed of the fan of the previous examples (Problem 39-40) is increased so as to
deliver the same weight of air at 200ºF as at 70ºF. What will the new speed, new capacity,
new static pressure and new power?

a. 498.50 rpm, 14,955.14 cfm, 1.25 in. WG, 6.21 Hp

b. 646.54 rpm, 15,396.33 cfm, 2.25 in. WG, 7.21 Hp
c. 464.54 rpm, 15,396.33 cfm, 3.25 in. WG, 5.21 Hp
d. 546.54 rpm, 12,396.33 cfm, 4.25 in. WG, 4.21 Hp
Solution:

New Speed Required: New Static Pressure Required:

N2 0.075 h2 0.075
400 = 0.06018 1 = 0.06018

N2 = 498.50 rpm h2 = 1.25 in. WG

New Capacity Required: New Power Required:

Q2 0.075 P2 0.075 2
12000 = 0.06018 4 = (0.06018)

Q2 = 14,955.135 cfm P2 = 6.21 Hp

thus;

a. 498.50 rpm, 14,955.14 cfm, 1.25 in. WG, 6.21 Hp

42. Supplementary Problem

A fan discharges 10,000 cfm of air through a duct 2 ft by 2 ft against a static pressure of
0.90 in. of water. The gage fluid density is 62lb/ft 3, air temperature is 85ºF and the
barometric pressure is 28.7 in. Hg. If the power input to the fan is measured as 3.6 Hp,
what is the over-all mechanical efficiency of the fan?

a. 50 % c. 60 %
b. 56 % d. 65 %

Solution:

em Pair
= 3.6 h = hs + hv

Solving for Pair: h = 19.05 + 8.22 = 27.27 m

Q
V=
A Q = 10000 ft3/min

V = 2500 ft/min = 41.67 ft/s Q = 4.72 m3/s

V = √2gh then;
 41.67 = √2(32.2) hv Pair = ɣgh

hv = 29.96 ft = 8.22 m Pair = [1.2(0.00981)](4.72)(27.27)

hs = hw ρw
( ) Pair = 1.515 kW
ρair

1000
hs = 0.9 ( ) 750 in. Pair = 2.03 Hp
1.2 =

hs = 19.05 m thus;

(a) em 2.03
= = 0.564 = 56.4 %
3.6

43. Supplementary Problem

A ventilation system includes a fan with a mechanical efficiency of 45% against a static
pressure of 30 cm WG. If the total pressure created by fan is 300m of air, what is the static
efficiency?

a. 37.5 % c. 40.5 %
b. 35 % d. 45 %

Solution: thus;

es = em
(hs) (a) es = 0.375 or 37.5 %
h

Solving for hs:

hs = 0.30 (1000)
1.2

hs = 250 m

then;

e s = 0.45 (250)
300

44. Supplementary Problem

It requires 55 Hp to compress 1000 cfm of air at 60ºF and 14.7 psi to a pressure of 10
psig. The temperature of the air leaving the blower is 184ºF. What is the flow in cfm
from the blower discharge?
 a. 852.64 cfm c. 737.06 cfm
b. 801.62 cfm d. 700.91 cfm

Solution:

P1 V P2 V
1 2
T1 = T2

P1 Q P2 Q
1 2
T1 = T2

(14.7)(1000) (10 + 47)Q2

60 + 460 = 184 + 460

thus;

(a) Q2 = 737.06 cfm

45.Supplementary Problem

A blower draws 3000 cfm of air through a duct of 12 in. in diameter with a suction of 3
in. of water. The air is discharged through a duct 10 in. in diameter against a pressure of
2in. of water. The air is measured at 70ºF and 30.2 in. Hg. Calculate the air
horsepower. Use specific weight of 62.34lb/ft3.

a. 2.82 Hp c. 3.87 Hp
b. 2.87 Hp d. 1.75 Hp

Solution:

P = ɣgh

Solving for h:

h
Z=Z – Pd - Ps Vd2 – Vs2
+ +
d s
ɣ 2g

where:

3000 3
Vs = 60 ft /s = 91.67 ft/s
π 10 2 2
4( 12) ft

3000 3
ft /s
Vd = π60 2 = 63.56 ft/s
4(1)
 Ps = ɣh = (62.34)(2/12) = 0.072 psi

Pd = (62.34)(-3/12) = -0.108 psi

Zs = Zd

The density of Air @ 30.2 in. Hg and 70ºF

14.7
P 30.2( )(144)
ɣ= = 53.34(70
29.92
+ 460)
RT

ɣ = 0.0756 lb/ft3

then;

2 2
(0.072 + 0.108)(144)lb/ft3 (91.67) -(63.66)
h= 0.0756 lb/ft3 + 2(32.2)

h = 410. 42 ft of air

thus;

Pair = ɣgh = 0.0756(3000/60)(410.42) ft-lb/s

Pair = 1551.39 ft-lb/s ( 1 Hp )

550 ft-lb/s

(a)
Pair = 2.82 Hp

46. Supplementary Problem

A blower operating at 15,000 rpm, compresses air from 68F and 14.7 psia to 10 psig. The
design flow is 1350 cfm and at this point the BHp is 80. Determine the efficiency of
the blower at the design point.

a. 48.41 Hp c. 55.62 Hp
b. 40.54 Hp d. 57.65 Hp

Solution:

Pair = ɣgh

Solving for the density of air at 68ºF and 14.7 psia

P
ρ =
RT (14.7)(144)
= 53.34 (68 + 460)
 ρ = 0.07516 lb/ft3

Solving for h:

kRT1
k-1
P2
h= ) k -1]
k-1 P1
[(
1.4(53.34)(68 + 460) 24.7
1.4-1
h= ) 1.4 -1]
1.4 - 1 14.7
[(

h = 15,743.7 ft

then;

1350
Pair = 0.07516( )(15,743.7)
60

Pair = 26,624.17 ft-lb/s

thus;

(a)
Pair = 48.41 Hp

47. Supplementary Problem

A fan running at 2000 rpm delivers 16,000 cfm against 3 in. static pressure, thereby
consuming 15BHp. If the rpm is increased to 2200 rpm so that the rpm ratio is 1:1:1.
What is the new cfm?

a. 17,500 c. 17,600
b. 16,600 d. 16,500

Solution:

N2 Q2
N 1 = Q1

Q2
1.1 =
16000

thus;

(a) Q2 = 17,600 cfm

48. Supplementary

A 0.70 m vane axial fan is running at 2000 rpm delivers 7.5 m3/s against 0.08 m static
pressure thereby consuming 12 BkW. If the fan wheel diameter is increased from 0.70 m
to 0.76 m, so that the diameter ratio 1.10:1, what is the new static pressure?

a. 0.10 m c. 0.13 m
b. 0.09 m d. 0.15 m

Solution:
h2
= (D2)2
h1 D1

h2
= (1.10)2
0.8

thus;

(a) h2 = 0.097 m

49. Supplementary Problem

At standard air density a fan delivers 8m3/s against 0.05 m static pressure consuming
12 BkW. If it will operate in Baguio City where due to high altitude the air density is only
82.4% of the standard air density, what is the new BkW?

a. 7.86 BkW c. 9.89 BkW

b. 15 BkW d. 13 BkW

Solution:

P2 ρ2
P1 = ρ1

P2
= (0.824)
12

thus;

(a) P2 = 9.89 BkW

50. Supplementary

What horsepower is supplied to air moving at 20 fpm through a 2x3 ft duct under a
pressure of 3in. WC?

a. 0.057 Hp c. 0.123 Hp
b. 0.043 Hp d. 0.241 Hp

Solution:

Pair = ɣgh

where:

Q = AV

Q = (20 ft/min)[ (2)(3) ft2

] Q = 120 ft3/min = 2

ft3/s

62.4
h = (3 in.)
0.075

h = 2496 in.

h = 208 ft of air

then;

Pair = 0.075(2)(208) = 31.2 ft-lb/s

thus;

(a)
Pair = 0.057 Hp

51. Supplementary Problem

A fan whose static efficiency is 40% has a capacity of 60,000 ft 3/hr at 60ºF and barometer
of 3 in. Hg and give a static pressure of 2 in. WC on full delivery. What size of electric
motor be used to drive this fan?

a. ½ Hp c. 2 Hp
b. 1 Hp d. 1.5 Hp
Solution:
Pair
efan =
Pmotor

Solving for Pair:

Q = 60,000 ft3/hr

Q = 16.67 ft3/s

6 2 .4 (
h=2

)
0.075

h = 1664 in. of air

h = 138.67 ft of air

then;

Pair = ɣgh

Pair = 0.075(16.67)(138.67)

Pair = 173.37 ft-lb/s

Pair = 0.315 Hp

thus;

0.315 Hp
0.40 = Pmotor

(b)
Pmotor = 0.788 Hp say 1 Hp

52. Supplementary Problem

A fan delivers 4.7 m3/s at a static pressure of 5.08 cm of water when operating at
speed of 400 rpm. If the power input required is 2.963 kW and if on the same installation
7.05 m3/s is desired, find the static pressure in cm of water.

a. 12.43 cm of H2o c. 10.43 cm of H2o

b. 9.43 cm of H2o d. 11.43 cm of H2o

Solution: Solving for N2:
2
h2 N2 N2 Q2
=( ) =
h1 N1 N1 Q1

2
h2 N2 N2
= ( 7.05
) =
5.08 400 400 4.7

N2 = 600 rpm

thus;

2
h2 600
= ( )
5.08 400

(d) h2 = 11.43 cm of H2o

53. Supplementary Problem

What horsepower is supplied to air moving at 7m/min through a 70 cm x 90 cm duct

under pressure of 8 cm of H20?

a. 0.049 Hp c. 0.077 Hp
b. 0.058 Hp d. 0.066 Hp

Solution:

Pair = ɣgh

where:

Q = AV

Q = [ (0.70)(0.90) ](7/60) m3/s

Q = 0.0735 m3/s

h = 0.08(1000/1.2)

h = 66.67 m of air

then;

Pair = [ 1.2(0.00981) ] (0.0735) (66.67)

Pair = 0.058 kW
thus;

(c)
Pair = 0.077 Hp

54. Supplementary Problem

What horsepower is supplied of air moving at 25 fpm through an air duct 2 ft x 3 ft? Fan
pressure is 4 in. of water column.

a. 0.0945 Hp c. 0.0495 Hp
b. 0.495 Hp d. 0.849 Hp

Solution:

Pair = ɣgh

where:

Q = [ (2)(3) ](25/60) ft3/s = 2.5 ft3/s

h = 4(62.4/0.075) = 3328 in. of air = 277.33 ft of air

then;

Pair = (0.075)(2.5)(277.33)

Pair = 52 ft-b/s

thus;

(a) Pair = 0.0945 Hp

55. Supplementary Problem

A fan delivers 1.42 m3/s air at static pressure head of 2.54 cm of water through a duct 300
mm in diameter and discharge it through a duct 275 mm in diameter. Determine the
static fan efficiency if the total fan mechanical efficiency is 70% and air is measured at
25ºC and 760 mm of Hg.

a. 60 % c. 30 %
b. 40 % d. 50 %
Solution:
hs
estatic = efan ( )
h

Solving for h:

V1 = Q/A1 = 1.42/(π/4)(0.3)2

V1 = 20.089 m/s

V2 = Q/A2 = 1.42/(π/4)(0.275)2

V2 = 23.907 m/s

V22 –
h12=
V
v 2g (23.907)2 – (20.089)2
= 2(9.81)

hv = 8.562 m of air

hs = 0.0254 (1000/1.2)

hs = 21.17m of air

h = hs + hv

h = 21.17 + 8.562

h = 29.73 m of air

thus;

estatic = 0.70 (21.17/29.73)

estatic = 0.4984

(d)
estatic = 49.84 %
19. Supplementary
A 95 tons refrigeration system has a compressor power of 90 Hp. Find the coefficient
of performance, COP.
a. 3.85 c. 4.77
b. 2.77 d. 1.99

Solution:
RE
COP =
WC
where:
RE = 95 tons = 334.02 kW
Wc = 90 hp = 120.64 kW
thus;
334.02
COP =
120.64
(b) COP = 2.77

20. Past ME Board Problem

A refrigera tion system operates on the reverse d Carnot cycle. The minimum and
maximum temperatures are -25 Ԩ and 72Ԩ, respectively. If the heat rejected at the
condenser is 6000 kJ/min, find the power input required.
a. 1 663.38 kJ/ min c. 1 686.83 kJ/ min
b. 1 888.38 kJ/min d. 1 886.83 kJ/min

Solution:

W = (T2 — T1) ∆S
where: T
345 K
T2 = 72 + 273 = 345 K 3 2

T2 = —25 + 273 = 248 K

solving for ∆S:
Q
∆S = r
4 1
T2
248 K
∆S = 17.39 kJ/min-K S
thus,
W = (345 — 248)(17.39)
( c) W = 1 686.83 kJ/min
 21. Supplementary
In a C02 refrigera ting plant, the specific enthal py of the refrigerant as it leaves the
condenser is 135 kJ/kg and as it leaves the evaporator it is 320 kJ/kg. If the mass flow the
refrigerant is 5 kg/min, c alculate the refrigerating effect per hour.
a. 55 500 kJ/ hr c. 65 500 kJ/ hr
b. 35 500 kJ/ hr d. 45 500 kJ/ hr

Solution:
KE = m(h1 — h2)
where:

m = 5 kg/ min = 300 kg / hr

h1 = 320
kJ/K h1 =
thus;
135 kJ/K

RE = 300 ( 320 – 135 )

(a) RE = 55 500 kJ/ hr

22. Supplementary Problem

A refrigerator is 2 m high, 1.2m wide and 1m deep. The over-all heat transfer
coefficient is 0.532 W/ m2Ԩ. How many kilogra ms of 0 Ԩ ice will melt per hour if the inside
temperature is maintained at 10 Ԩ while the surrounding air temperature is at 35 Ԩ?
a. 1.60 kg c. 2.60 kg
b. 1.80 kg d. 2.80 kg

Solution:
Q = mLƒ
Solving for Q:
Q = U A ∆t
where:
A = 2[2(1.2) + 1.2(1) + 2(1)]
A = 11.2 m2
W
COP = 0.532 ( )11.2 m2)(35 – 10) Ԩ
m2 Ԩ
Q = 148.96 W = 0.14896 kW
 then;
0.14896 = m ( 335 )
m = 4.4466 x 10–4 kg /s
thus; ice melted per hour is:
(a) m = 1.60 kg/ hr

23. Supplementary Problem

The power requirement of a Carnot refrig erator in maintaining a low temperature
region at 300 K is 1.5 kW per ton. Find the heat rejected.
a. 4.02 kW c. 5.02 kW
b. 7.02 kW d. 6.02 kW

Solution:
Qr = T2∆S
where:
T1
T= +1
2
COP
Solving for COP:
QA
COP =
WC 3.516 kW
= 1.5 kW
COP = 2.34
then;

300
T2 = + 300
2.34
T2 = 427.99 K
WC 1.5
∆S = T2=T1= 427.99 – 300

kW
∆S = 0.012
K
thus;

QR = ( 427.99 )( 0.012 )
(c) QR = 5.02 kW
24. Supplementary Problem
A sim ple saturated refrigeration cycle for R-12 system operates at an evaporating
temperature of -5 Ԩ and a condensing temperature of 40 Ԩ. Determine the volume
flow rate for a refrigera nt c apa city of 1 kW.
Pro perties of R-12:
At -5Ԩ, h1 = hg = 349.3 kJkg
v1 = vg = 0.06496 m3/kg
At 40Ԩ, h3 = hƒ = 238.5 kJkg

a. 0.0005866 m3/s c. 0.05865 m3/s

b. 0.005866 m3/s d. 0.00005866 m3/s

Solution:
V1 = mv1
Solving for m:

QA
m = h1 — h4

1 kJ/s
m = (349.3 — 238.5) kJ/kg
m = 0.00903 kg /s
thus;

V1= (0.00903)(0.06496)
(a) V1 = 0.0005866 m3/s

25. Past ME Board Exam

A vapor compression refrigeration system is designe d to have a c apacity of 150 tons
of refrigeration. It produces chilled water from 22 Ԩ to 2Ԩ. Its actual coefficient of
performance is 5.86 and 35% of the power supplied to the compressor is lost in the
form of friction and cylin der coolin g losses. Determine the condenser cooling water
required for a temperature rise of 10 Ԩ.
a. 14.75 kg/s c. 18.65 kg/s
b. 15.65 kg/s d. 13.76 kg/s

Solution:
By Energy Balance:
QR = Wc + RE = mwCw∆tw
 where:

RE = 150 ( 3.516 )
RE = 527.4 kW
from:

RE
COP =
WC
527.4
5.86 =
WC
WC= 90 kW
then:
Qr = 527.4 + 90 = 617.4
617.4 = mwCpw∆tw

617.4 = mw(417.4)(10)
thus;
(a) mw = 14.75 kg/s

26. Past ME Board Exam

An air conditioning system of a high rise building has a c apa city of 350 kW of
refrigeration, uses R-12. The evaporat ing and condensing temperatures are 0 Ԩ and
35Ԩ respectively. Determine the mass of refrigera tion 12 circulated per second.
Pro perties of R-12
At 0Ԩ At 35Ԩ
vg = 0.05339 m /kg 3
hƒ = 233.5 kJ/kg
hƒ = 200 kJ/kg hg = 351.48 kJ/kg

a. 2.97 kg /s c. 4.57 kg /s
b. 3.57 kg /s d. 1.97 kg /s

Solution:
Q A = m( h 1 — h 4 )

QA
m = h1–h4

where: 35Ԩ

QA = 350 kW
h1 = hgat 0Ԩ = 351.48 kJ/kg 0Ԩ
 h4 = h3 = hƒ at 35Ԩ = 233.5 kJ/kg
thus;
350
m=
351.48–233.5

(a) m = 2.97 kg /s

27. Supplementary Problem

Cold salt brine at an initial temperature of 0 Ԩ is used in a packing plant to chill beef
from 40Ԩ to 5Ԩ in 18 hours. Determine the volume of brine in liters per minute required
to cool 1000b eeves of 250 kg ea ch, if the final temperature of brine is 3 Ԩ. Specific
heat of brine is 3.76 kJ/kg Ԩ and S.G. = 1.05. Specific heat of beef is 3.15 kJ/kg Ԩ.
a. 37.59 kg/s c. 38.79 kg/s
b. 39.67 kg/s d. 35.67 kg/s

Solution
Volume of brine circulated:
m
Vbrine = brine
ρbrine

where:

ρbrine= (1 kg)(1.05) = 1.05 kg/L

L
Solving for the mbrine:
(1000)(250)kg kJ
QT = [ ](3.14 )(40 – 5)Ԩ
18(3600)s kgԨ

QT = 424 kW
then;
Qbrine = Refrigeration Load = QT
mbCb∆b= 424
mb(3.76)(3— 0) = 424
mb = 37.59 kg/s
thus;
(a) 37.59 kg /s
 28. Past ME Board
A simple vapor c ompression cycle develops 13 tons of refrigeration. Using ammonia
as refrigerant and operating at a condensing temperature of 24Ԩ and evaporating
temperature of -18 Ԩ; and assuming that the compressions are isentropic and that the
gas leaving the condenser is saturated. Fin d the power requirement.
a. 13 kW c. 12 kW
b. 8.79 kW d. 9.79 kW

Properties of R-12:
At 24Ԩ:
hƒ = 312.87 kJ/kg
h @ 974 kPA ( P at 24Ԩ ) 974 kPA 24Ԩ

and S2 = S1 = 1657 kJ/kg

At -18Ԩ: -18Ԩ

hg = 1439.94 kJ/kg
vg = 0.5729 m3/kg

Solution

Wc = m(h2—h1)
where:

h2 = h @ 947 kPa & S2 = S1

= 1657 kJ/kg
h2 = h @ — 18Ԩ
= 1439.94 kJ/kg
from:

Qa = m(h1—h4)
13tons ( 3.516 kW/ton) = m ( 1439.94 – 312.87 ) kJ/kg
m = 0.0415 kg /s
thus;
Wc = 0.0405( 1567 — 1439.94)
(b) Wc = 8.79 kW
 29. Past ME Board
A belt driven c ompressor is used in refrigeration system that will c ool 10 liter per
second of water from 13 Ԩ to 1Ԩ. The belt efficiency is 98%, motor efficiency is 85%
and the input of the compressor is 0.7 kW per ton of refrigeration. Fin d the a ctual
coefficient of performance of over-all efficiency is 65%.
a. 4.44 c. 6.44
b. 5.44 d. 3.44

Solution
QA
COP =
WC
where:
QA = mCp∆t
= [ 10(1)] ( 4.187 ) ( 13 – 1 )
= 502.44 kW
= 142.90 TOR
Solving for compressor work, WC:

( )
eover=all = WC 0.98 (0.85)
0.70 QA

WC(0.98)(0.85)
0.65 = 0.70 ( 142.90 )

WC = 78.055 kW
thus;
502.44
COP =
78.055
(c) COP = 6.44

30. Supplementary Problem

Four thousand liters per hour of distillates are to be cooled from 21 Ԩ to 12Ԩ and 12%
of wax by weight is separated out at 15 Ԩ. The specific heat of oil is 2 kJ/kg Ԩ and S.G. is
0.87. The specific heat of the wax is 2.5 and the latent heat of fusion is 290 kJ/kg. The
specific heat of the wax is 2.5 and the latent heat is 290 kJ/ kg. Allow 10% for the losses,
find the c apa city of the refrigera ting ma chine.
a. 20 TOR c. 40 TOR
b. 51.08 TOR d. 31.08 TOR
Solution
QT = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + QLoss

Q1 Q4
Distillate Oil Oil
21Ԩ 15Ԩ -12Ԩ

Q2

Wax Q3 Wax
15Ԩ -12Ԩ

where:
m = mass of distillate chille d per hour
Li kg
m = 400( ) ( 0.87 ) 1( )
hr Li
m = 3,480 kg/ hr = 0.97 kg/s
and;

Q1= 0.97(kg ) 2 ( kJ ) (21 – 15)Ԩ = 11.64 kW

s kgԨ
kg kJ
Q1= (0.12)(0.97) (290) = 33.76 kW
s kg
kg kJ
Q1= (0.12)(0.97) (2.5) (15+12)Ԩ = 7.86 kW
s kgԨ
kg kJ
Q1= (0.88)(0.97) (2) (15+27)Ԩ = 46.09 kW
s kgԨ

QLoss = 0.10(11.64 + 33.76 + 7.86 + 46.09) = 9.935 kW

thus;
QT = 109.285
(d) QT = 31.08 TOR

31. Supplementary Problem

A 50 ton vapor compression system using Ammonia as refrigerant operates between
20Ԩ condenser and -16Ԩ evaporator temperature. If sim ple saturation cycle with
isentropic compression is assumed, determine the piston displacement of the
reciproc ating compressor to be used in the system operating at 600 rpm.
Properties of Ammonia:
At 20Ԩ At -16Ԩ
hƒ = 274.9 kJ/kg hg = 1424.4 kJ/kg
h @ 857.12 kPa(P@20Ԩ) vg = 0.5296 kJ/kg
& S2 = S1 = 1640 kJ/kg
a. 5000 cm3 c. 7000 cm3
b. 6000 cm3 d. 8000 cm3

Solution
Piston displacement of the compressor:
mu1
VD=
ω
Where:
Cooling Load
m= 974 kPA 20Ԩ
RE
Cooling Load
m= -16Ԩ
h 1– h 2
50(3.516)
m=
1424.4–274.9
m = 0.513 kg/s
then;

VD= 0.513(0.5296)
600/
60
VD = 0.0081 m3 = 8000 cm3
thus;
(a) VD = 8000 cm3

32. Past ME Board Problem

A simple vapor compression cycle develops 15 tons of refrigeration using Ammonia
as refrigerant and operating at condensing temperature of 24 Ԩ and evaporating
temperature of -18 Ԩ and assuming compression are isentropic and that the gas
leaving the condenser is saturated, find the power per ton.
Pro perties of Ammonia
At 24Ԩ At -16Ԩ
hƒ = 312.87 kJ/kg hg = 1439.94
kJ/kg h2 = 1665 kJ/kg
 a. 0.702 kW/ton c. 0.602 kW/ton
b. 0.802 kW/ton d. 0.502 kW/ton

Solution
Compressor Power
P(per ton)
TOR
=

WC
= TOR

where:
WC = m(h2 — h1)
Solving for m:
QA = m(h1 — h4)
15(3.516) = m ( 1439.94 — 312.87 )
M = 0.04688 kg /s
then;

WC = 0.04688 ( 1665 — 1439.94 )

WC = 10.531 kW
thus;

10.531 kW
P(per ton) =
15 ton
(a) P(per ton) = 0.702 kW/ton

33. Past ME Board Problem

In an Ammonia refrigerator the pressure in the evaporator is 267,58 kPa and the
ammonia at entry is 0.12 dry while at exit is 0.91 dry. During compression the work
done per kg of ammonia is 17,033 kg-m. Calculate the coefficient of performance. If
the rate of ammonia circulation is 5.64 kg, c alculate the volume of vapor entering
the compressor per minute. The compressor is single a cting, its volumetric efficiency is
80% and it runs at 120 rpm. The ratio of stroke to bore is 1. Calculate the bore and
stroke. It is given that the latent enthalpy and specific volume of ammonia a 267.58
kPa are 320 kCal/kg and 0.436 m3 /kg respectively.
a. 2.235 m3/min c. 1.457 m3/min
b. 4.357 m3/min d. 3.567m3/kg
Solution
Pro perties of Ammonia:
hƒg = 267.58 kPa = 320
kCal/kg vƒg @ 267.58 kPa =

0.436 m3/kg h1 = hƒ1 + x1hƒg1

= hƒ1 + 0.91(320)
= (hƒ1 + 291.2) kCal/kg

h4 = hƒ4 + x1hƒg4

= hƒ4 + 0.12(320)
= hƒ4 + 38.4 kCal/kg

Solving for COP:

Reƒrigerating Eƒƒect RE
COP = =
Compressor Work WC

where:
RE = h1 — h4
= (h1 + 201.2) - hƒ4 + 38.4

= 252.8 kCal/kg = 1058.47 kJ/kg

WC = 17 033 kgƒ m/kgm ( 0.00981 kN/ kgƒ)

then;

COP = 1058.47
= 6.335
167.09

Solving for the volume of vapor entering the compressor per minute:
V1 = mv1
where:
m = 5.64 kg/ min
v1 = vƒ1+xƒg1
= 0.001527 + 0.91(0.436)
= 0.3983 m3/kg
then;
kg
V1 = 5.61( 3
0.3983( )= 2.235 m3/min
min ) kg
Solving for the bore and stroke:
from:

VD πD2
= LN
4
V1 πD2
=
eva LN
4
2.246 πD2
0.80 (D)(120) Note: L=D
= 4
thus;
(a) L = D = 0.31 m = 31 c m

34. Supplementary Problem

Freon-12 leaves the condenser of a refrigera ting plan as a saturated liquid at 5.673
bar. The evaporator pressure is 1.509 bar an d the refrigerant leaves the evaporator at
this pressure and at a temperature of -5 Ԩ. Calculate the refrigera ting effect per kg.
a. 132.88 kJ/kg c. 160.91 kJ/kg
b. 123.77 kJ/kg d. 123.86 kJ/kg

Solution
Properties of Freon-12
At 5.673 bar At 1.509 bar ( t = - 20 Ԩ )
h4 = hƒ = 54.87 kJ/kg hƒ = 17.82 kJ/kg
hg = 178.73
kJ/kg hƒg =
160.91 kJ/kg
Sin ce, the saturation temperature at 1.509 is -20 Ԩ and the refrigerant at this pressure
leaves the evaporator at -5 Ԩ, it is superheated by -5 Ԩ, it is superheated by 15Ԩ
h1 = h @ 1.509 bar superheated 15 Ԩ = 187.75 kJ/kg

then;
RE = h1 — h4
RE = 187.75 – 54.87

thus;
(a) RE = 132.88 kJ/kg
35. Past ME Board Exam
An ammonia compressor operates at an evaporator pressure of 316 kPa and a
condenser pressure of 1514.2 kPa. The refrigerant is sub cooled 5 Ԩ and is superheated
8Ԩ. A twin cylin der compressor with bore to stroke ratio of 0.85 is to be used at 1200
rpm. The mechanical efficiency is 76%. For a load of 87.5 kW, determine the size of the
driving motor.
a. 24.26 kW c. 34.26 kW
b. 25.26 kW d. 35.26 kW

Solution
Pro perties of Ammonia
h1 = h @ 316 kPa & 0Ԩ = 1472
kJ/kg v1 = v @ 316 kPa & 0Ԩ = 0.41
m3/kg h3 = h4 = hƒ @ 34Ԩ = 361.2
kJ/kg
h2 = h @ 1514.2 kPa and S2 = S1 = 1715 kJ/kg

Compressor Power
em = P
Motor Power
5Ԩ

WC m ( h2–h1 )
em = = t
3 = 34Ԩ
3
1514 kPa

Pmotor Pmotor

t1 = 0Ԩ
Pmotor = m ( h2–h1 )
316 kPa
em
8Ԩ

Solving for m:
Q = m ( h2 — h1 )
87.5 = m (1472 – 361.2)
m = 0.079 kg/s
0.079( 1715–1472 )
Pmotor =
0.76

thus;
(b) Pmotor= 25.26 kW
36. Supplementary
A refrigeration system having a 30 kW capa city requires 10 Hp compressors. Find the
COP of the system.
a. 2.78 c. 4.02
b. 3.78 d. 5.02

Solution
QA
COP =
WC
30
=
10 ( 0.746 )

thus;
(c) COP = 4.02
 37. Supplementary
A refrigerating machine uses ammonia as the working fluid. It leaves the compressor as
dry saturated vapor at 8.57 bar passes the condenser at this pressure and leaves as saturated
liquid. The pressure in the evaporator is 1.902 bar and the ammonia leaves the evaporator 0.96
dry. If the rate of flow of the refrigerant through the circuit is 2 kg/min, calculate the volume
taken into the compressor in m³/min, and the refrigerating effect in kJ/min.

a. 1.198 m³/min, 2,183 kJ/min c. 1.198 m³/min, 3,183 kJ/min

b. 2.198 m³/min, 3,183.38 kJ/min d. 2.198 m³/min, 2,183 kJ/min

Solution:

Properties of Ammonia:

At 8.57 bar At 1.902 bar

hf = 275.1 kJ/kg hf = 89.8 kJ/kg vg= 0.6237 m³/kg

hf = 1462.6 kJ/kg hg = 1420 kJ/kg hfg= 1330.2 kJ/kg

Solving for the volume taken into compressor per minute:

kg 0.96(0.6237)m3
V = (2 min ) [ kg ]
V = 1.198 m³/min

Solving for the Refrigerating effect in kJ/min:

RE= m(h1 – h2)

Where:
h1 = hf1 + xhfg
= 89.8 + 0.96(1330.2)
= 1336.79 kJ/kg
h4 = h3 = 275.1 kJ/kg
Then;

RE = 2 kg/ min (1366.79 — 275.1) kJ/min

RE = 2,183.38 kJ
min

Thus;
3
m
(a) V = 1. 198 , RE = 2, 183. 38 kJ/min
min
38. Supplementary Problem:

The water enters the condenser at 30°C and leaves at 50°C. If the heat rejected in the condenser
is 500 kW, determine the volume of water needed to cool the refrigerant.

a. 5.69 kg/s c. 6.69 kg/s

b. 4.69 kg/s d. 7.69 kg/s

Solution:

QR = mwCw(∆Tw)
500 = mw(4.187)(50 — 30)
mw = 5.97 kg/s
Then; the volume of water is:
mw 5.97 kg/s
Vw = ρw = 1 kg/L

Thus;
Vw = 5. 97 L/s

39. Supplementary Problem:

A 500 kW refrigeration system is used to produce cooled water from 24°C to 3°C. Calculate the
mass flow rate of water in kg/s.

a. 5.69 kg/s c. 6.69 kg/s

b. 4.69 kg/s d. 7.69 kg/s

Solution:

QA = mwCw(∆Tw)
500 = mw(4.187)(24 — 3)
Thus;

(a) mw = 5. 97 kg/s

40. Supplementary Problem:

A vapor compression refrigeration system is designed to have a capacity of 100 TOR. It produces
chilled water from 22°C to 2°C. Its actual coefficient of performance is 5.86 and 35% of the
power supplied to the compressor is lost in the form of friction and cylinder cooling looses.
 Determine the size of the electric motor required to drive the compressor in kW and the
flow rate of chilled water is L/s.

a. 92.31 kW, 4.199 L/s c. 93.75 kW, 5.724 L/s

b. 90.71 kW, 5.277 L/s d. 91.75 kW, 7.575 L/s

Solution:

COP = QA
WC

100(3.516)
5.86 = WC

wc = 6O kW

Motor Power = Power Input + Power Losses

Motor Power = WC + .35(Motor Power)

0.65 Motor Power = WC = 60

Motor Power = 0.60

0.65

Thus;

Motor Power = 92.31 kW

Solving for the volume flow of chilled water:

QA = mwCw(∆Tw)
100(3.516) = mw(4.187)(22 — 2)
mw = 4.199 kg/s
Thus;

mw 4.199 kg/s
Vw = ρw = 1 kg/L

Vw = 4.199L/s
Thus;

(a) Pmotor = 92. 31 kW, Vw = 4. 199L/s

41. Supplementary Problem:

A four cylinder, single‐acting, V‐type compressor with 8 cm and 10 cm stroke operates at 600
rpm. It used in a Freon‐12 vapor compression system with condenser and evaporator pressure
 of 725.5 kPa and 189.5 kPa respectively. If the compression is dry and isentropic, the
is 2 percent and the there is no subcooling or superheating (before compression) of the
refrigerant, determine the refrigerating capacity of the compressor in tons.

a. 7.31 TOR c. 7.54 TOR

b. 8.54 TOR d. 8.31 TOR

Solution:

Properties of Freon‐12

h1 = hg@ — 14°C = 345.365 kJ/kg

v1 = vg@ — 14°C = 0.0878951

m3/kg h3 = h4 = hf @ 29°C =

227.557 kJ/kg h2 = h @ 725.5 kPa

(Psat@29°C)

And S2 = S1 = 368 kJ/kg

Solving for the refrigerating Capacity QA ∶ QA

= m (h1 — h4)

= m (345.365 — 227.557)

Solving for m :

V1 = eva VD

mv1 2

= eva L( ) LNC[
πD

4
2
m(0.0878951) = e L(π(0.08) ) (0.10)(4)( 600 )[
va 4 60

Where;

1/
P2 k
eva = 1 + C — C ( )
P1

1/
1.13
eva = 1.02 — 0.02 (725.5)
189.5

eva = 0.9544

Then;
2
m(0.0878951) = 0.9544 L(π(0.08) ) (0.10)(4)( 600 )[
4 60

m = 0.2183 kg/s
 Thu
QA = 0.2183 (345.365 — 227.557)

= 25.72 kW

(a) OA = 7. 31 TOR

42. Supplementary Problem:

The dryness fractions of the CO2 entering and leaving the evaporator of a refrigerating plant are
0.28 and 0.92 respectively. If the specific enthalpy of the evaporation (hfg) of CO2 at the
evaporator pressure is 290.7 kJ/kg, Calculate the mass of ice at ‐5°C that would theoretically be
made per day from water at 14°C when the mass flow of CO2 through the machine is 0.5 kg/s.
Note:
Specific heat of water = 4.2 kJ/kg‐K
Specific heat of fusion of ice = 2.04 kJ/kg‐K
Enthalpy of fusion = 335 kJ/kg‐K

a. 17.89 tons/day c. 19.89 tons/day

b. 18.89 tons/day d. 20.89 tons/day

Solution:

Specific enthalpy gain of CO2 through evaporator:

H = h1 — h4

= (hf + 0.92hfg) — (hf + 0.28hfg)

= (0.92 — 0.28) hfg

= 0.64 (290.7)

= 186.05 kJ/kg

Heat to be extracted from water to make 1 kg of ice:

Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3

= [1(4.2)(14 — 0) + 335 + 1(2.04)(0 + 5)]kJ/kg

Q = 404 kJ/kg

Then;

mQ = (0.50)H
 m(404) = 0.5(186.05)

m = 0.23 kg/s

Thus; the mass of ice in tons per day:

m = (0.23 kg )( 1 ton

3600 s 24 hrs
s 1000 kg )( 1 hr )( 1 day )

(b) m = 19. 89 tons/day

43. Past ME Board Problem

A vapor compression refrigeration system has a 30 kW motor driving the compressor. The
compressor inlet pressure and temperature are 64.17 kPa and ‐20°C respectively and discharge
pressure of 960 kPa. Standard liquid enters the expansion valve. Using Freon‐12 as refrigerant,
determine the capacity of the unit in tons of the refrigeration.

a. 17.145 TOR c. 19.145 TOR

b. 18.145 TOR d. 20.145 TOR

Solution:

Properties of Freon‐12

h1 = 345 kJ/kg
h2 = 398 kJ/kg
h3 = h4 = 238.5 kJ/kg
Solving for the RefrigeratingCapacity:

QA = m (h1 — h4)

QA = m (345 — 238.5)

Solving for m:

WC = m (h2 — h1)

30 = m (398 — 345)

m = 0.566 kg
s

Thus;

QA = 0.566 (345 — 238.5)

QA = 60.28 kW = 17.145 TOR

 (a) 17.145 TOR

44. Past ME Board Problem

A refrigerating system operates on the reversed Carnot Cycle. The higher temperature of the
refrigerant in the system is 120°F and the lower is 10°F. The capacity is 20 tons. Neglect losses.
Determine the network in Btu/min.

a. 935.21 Btu/min c. 745.71 Btu/min

b. 457.57 Btu/min d. 765.81 Btu/min

Solution:

Wnet = ( T2 — T1)∆S
Where;

T2 = 120 + 460 = 580°R

T1 = 10 + 460 = 470°R

Solving for ∆S:

∆S = QA
T1

20 (200)Btu/min
∆S = 470

∆S = 8.511 Btu/min°R

Thus;

Wnet = (580 — 470)(8.511)

(a) Wnet = 936. 21 Btu/min

45. Supplementary Problem:

What is the coefficient of performance of a vapor compression refrigeration system with the
following properties: Enthalpy at suction is 190 kJ/kg; enthalpy after compression is 210 kJ/kg.
The enthalpy after condensation is 60 kJ/kg.

a. 4.5 c. 6.5
b. 5.5 d. 3.5

Solution:

COP = h1–h4
h2–h1
 190–60
COP = 210–190

Thus;

(c) COP = 6. 5

46. Supplementary Problem:

A refrigerating machine is driven by a motor of output power 2.25 kW and 2.5 tons of ice at ‐7 °C
made per day from water at 18 °C. Calculate the coefficient of performance of the machine and
express its capacity in terms of tons of ice per 24 hours from and 0 °C, taking the following
values:

Specific heat of water = 4.2 kJ/kg‐K

Specific heat of fusion of ice = 2.04 kJ/kg‐K
Enthalpy of fusion = 335 kJ/kg‐K

a. 5.476, 3.17 tons/day c. 5.476, 4.17 tons/day

b. 4.476, 3.17 tons/day d. 4.476, 4.17 tons/day

Solution;

COP = QA
WC

Where;

WC = power output of the driving motor

WC = 2.25 kW

Solving for QA;

QA = Q1 + Q2 + Q3

QA = [2.5 (1000)kg] [4.2(18 — 0) + 335 + 2.04(0 + 7)] kJ

24 (3600) kg

QA = 0.029 (424.88) = 12.32 kW

Then;

COP = 12.32 = 5.476

2.25

Solving for m in tons per day;

mLf = (2.5 tons) (424.88 kJ)

day kg
 m (335 kJ ) = (2.5 tons)(424.88 kJ)
kg day kg

Then;

m = 3.17 tons/day

Thus;

(a) COP = 5. 476 & m = 3. 17 tons/day

47. Supplementary Problem:

Determine the heat extracted from 2000 kg of water from 25°C to ice at ‐10°C.

a. 621, 150 kJ c. 821, 150 kJ

b. 721, 150 kJ d. 921, 150 kJ

Solution:

QT = Q1 + Q2 + Q3

Where;

Q1 = 2000 (4.187)(25 — 0)

= 209,350 kJ

Q2 = 2000 (335)

= 670, 000 kJ

Q3 = 2000 (2.09)(0 + 10)

= 41,800

Thus;

QT = 209, 350 + 670, 000 + 41, 800

(d) OT = 921, 150 kJ

48. Supplementary Problem:

A single acting, twin cylinder, ammonia compressor with bore equal to stroke is driven by an
engine at 250 rpm. The machine is installed in a chilling plant to produce 700 kW of refrigeration
at ‐18°C evaporating temperature. At this temperature the cooling effect per kg mass is 1160 kJ.
The specific volume of the vapor compressor is 0.592 m³ per kilogram. Assume 85% volumetric
efficiency, determine the bore in mm.

a. 400 mm c. 450 mm
b. 300 mm d. 500 mm

Solution:
2
V = πD
LNC
4
2

D
= πD
D (250)(2) = 6.545D3

V
D 4 60

Solving for the piston displacement, VD:

V = V1
eva
mv1
D = 0.85

From:
m(0.592)
VD = 0.85

QA = m (h1 — h4)

700 = m (1160)

m = 0.603 kg/s

Then;

VD = 0.42 m³/s
Thus;

0.42 = 6.545 D³

(a) D = 0.40 m = 400 mm

49. Past ME Board Problem

Saturated vapor Freon‐12 refrigerant at 219.12 kPa leaves the evaporator and enters the
compressor at ‐5°C. The refrigerant leaves the condenser as saturated liquid at 25°C and enters
the expansion valve at 22°C. Heat rejected from the condenser amount to 74 kW. The work to
the compressor is 55.5kJ/kg while the heat lost from the compressor is 4.2kJ/kg. If 1.15 kJ/kg 0f
heat are lost in the piping between the compressor and condenser, calculate the refrigeration
capacity in tons.

a. 15.06 TOR c. 14.57 TOR

b. 17.76 TOR d. 12.75 TOR

Solution:
 Properties of Freon‐12

h1 = h@219.12 kPa and — 5°C = 350 kJ/kg

h4 = hf @ 25°C = 223.65 kJ/kg

h5 = h6 = hf @ 22°C = 220.75 kJ/kg

h7 = hg@ 219.12 kPa = 347.13 kJ/kg

By energy balance in the compressor:

h2 + 4.2 = h1 + 55.5

h2 = 401.30 kJ/kg

By energy balance in the piping from the compressor to condenser;

h3 + 1.15 = h2

h3 = 400.15 kJ/kg

By energy balance in the condenser;

qcondenser + h4 = h3 qcondenser

+ 223.65 = 400.15 qcondenser

= 176.5 kJ/kg

Solving for the mass flow rate:

Q 74 kJ/s
m = q condenser = 176.5 kJ/kg
condenser

m = 0.419 kg/s

Thus; the refrigerating capacity:

QA = m (h7 — h6)

= 0.419 (347.13 — 220.75)

(a) OA = 52. 95 kW = 15. 06 TOR

50. Past ME Board Problem

The mass flow of water entering the condenser is 20 kg/s. If the temperature difference
between the entrance and exit temperature is 20°C, determine the rejected heat in the
condenser.

a. 1, 674.80 kW c. 1, 574.80 kW
b. 1, 774.80 kW d. 1, 884.80 kW

Solution:

QR = mCp∆T

= 20 (4.187)(20)

Thus;

(a) OR = 1, 674. 80 kW

51. Supplementary Problem:

The cooling load of a small walk‐in freezer has been calculated to be 1.10 tons of refrigeration at
‐30°C. A compressor and motor must selected to handle the load. The following conditions are
given:

Refrigerant F‐12
Compressor, rpm 600
Motor, rpm 1800
Compressor discharge pressure 800kPa
Liquid receiver temperature 20°C
Assume dry and isentropic compression, compressor volumetric efficiency of 80%, mechanical
efficiency of 85%, and power transmission efficiency of 90%. Calculate the displacement of the
compressor in cm³.

a. 641.40 c. 661.40
b. 651.40 d. 671.40

Solution:

Properties of Freon‐12
tsat@ 800 kPa = 33Ԩ
h1 = 338.143 kJ/kg
h2 = 375 kJ/kg
h3 = h4 = 218.321 kJ/kg

v1 = 0.159375 m³/kg
 Solving for
V1 mv1
VD = e v = ev

Where:

3.516 (1.10)kW 338.143–

m= 218.321

m = o. 322 kg/s

Then:
0.0322 (0.159375)
VD = 0.80
3
VD = 0.006414 m
s

m3
0.006414 m3
VD = 600rev
s
= 0.0006414
rev
60 s

Thus;

(a) VD = 641. 40 cm³/rev

52. Supplementary Problem:

The refrigerant leaves the compressor and enters the condenser of a Freon‐12 refrigerating
plant at 5.673 bar and 50Ԩ and leaves the condenser as saturated liquid at the same pressure.
At compressor suction the pressure is 1.826 bar and temperature 0Ԩ. Calculate the coefficient
of performance.

a. 3.09 c. 5.09
b. 4.09 d. 6.09

Solution:

Properties of Freon‐12

At 5.673 bar, Sat. temp = 20Ԩ

Thus, At 50Ԩ refrigerant is superheated by 30Ԩ, and the compressor
discharge, h2 = 216.75 kJ/kg
At 1.826 bar, Sat. temp. = ‐15Ԩ
thus, At 0Ԩ refrigerant is superheated by 15Ԩ
h1 (compressor suction) = 190.15 kJ/kg
h2 (compressor outlet) = 54.87 kJ/kg
h4 (evaporator inlet) = h3 = 54.87kJ/kg
 The
COP = h1–h4
h2–h1

190.15–54.87
COP = 216.75–190.15
Thus;

(c) COP = 5. 09

53. Supplementary Problem:

An industrial plant requires 10 kg/s to cool water from 30 Ԩ to 1Ԩ. Find the tons of refrigeration
required.

a. 345.34 c. 145.34
b. 245.34 d. 445.34

Solution:

QA = mwCpw(∆Tw)

= 10 ( 4.187 )(30 — 1)
= 1, 214.23 kW
= 345.34 TOR
Thus;

(a) OA = 345. 34 TOR

54. Supplementary Problem:

Air flowing at a rate of 2.5 kg/s is heated in a heat exchanger from ‐10Ԩ to 30Ԩ. What is the
rate of heat transfer?

a. 100 kW c. 200 kW
b. 150 kW d. 50 kW

Solution:

Q = mCp∆t

Q
kJ
= ( 2.5 kg )( 1.0 )(30 + 10)K
s kg–k

= 100
kW
Thus;

(a) O = 100 kW
73. Supplementary Problem

To cool farm products, 300 kg of ice at -4.4 0C are placed in bunker. Twenty four
hours later, the ice have melted into water at 7.2 0C. What is the average rate of
cooling provided by the ice in kJ/hr?

a. 2679.28 kJ/hr c. 3679.8 kJ/hr

b. 5679.8 kJ/hr d. 4679.28 kJ/hr

Solution

Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3

Q= 300 kg
+ [ 2.09 ( 0 + 4.4 ) + 335 + 4.187 ( 7.2 — 0 )] kJ
24 hr kg

thus;

(d) Q = 4679.28 kJ/hr

74. Supplementary Problem

The combined loads of an ice and cold storage are 25 tons of ice per day and
137,000 kJ/hr, respectively. Refrigeration required per ton of ice is 1.925.
Ammonia compressor carrying these combined loads operates between -14 0C and
42 C liquefaction. Determine the number of units of 7 pass multiple tube
0

condenser each unit made up of 200 mm pipe shell where there are 7 pieces extra
strong 50 mm tubes inside each pipe shell. Length is 6 m condensing water enters
at 29 0C and leaves at 38 0C. U = 539 W/m2 – K, LMTD = 39.22 0C and cross flow
factor = 0.75.

a. 3 units c. 5 units

b. 4 units d. 6 units

Solution

Properties of Ammonia:

h1 = 1427.7 kJ/kg

h2 = 1714.0 kJ/kg
 h3 = h4 = 383.5 kJ/kg

Let: n = no. of units

Q = heat gained by cooling water

Q1 = heat transferred per unit

then;

n= Q
Q1

Solving for Q:

kW refrigeration for cold storage = 137,000 kJ/hr (1hr/3600s)

= 38.06 kW

kW refrigeration for ice plant = 25(3.516)(1.925)

= 169.21 kW

QT = Total kW = 38.06 +

169.21 QT = 207.27

From:

QT
m = h1– h4

207.27
m = 1427.7–383.5

m = 0.1985

kg/s then;

Q = m (h2 – h1)

= 0.1985 (1714 – 383.5)

= 264.12 kW
 Solving for Q1:

Area of each unit, A:

A = π (O.D.) L N

= π (0.06) (6) (7)

= 7.92 m2

then;

Q1 = A U F (LMTD)

= (7.92)(539)(0.75)(39.22)

= 125,569.11 W

= 125.57 kW/units

thus;

Q 264.10 kW
n =Q1 =125.57 kW/unit

n = 2.10 units ( or n must be 3 units )

(a) n = 3

75. Past ME Board Problem

Calculate the power required by a system of one compressor serving two

evaporators. One evaporator carries a load of 35 kW at 10 0C and the other a load
of 70 kW at -5 0
C. a back pressure valve reduces the pressure in the 10 C
0

evaporator to that of the -5 C evaporator. The condensing temperature is 37 C. if

0 0

the refrigerant is ammonia , then what is the COP.

a. 4.33 c. 6.33
b. 5.33 d. 3.33
 Properties of Ammonia:

h3 = h4 = h7 @ 37 0C = 375.9 kJ/kg

h5 = h6 = hg @ 10 0C = 1471.6 kJ/kg

h8 = hg @ -5 0C = 1456.2 kJ/kg

h2 = h @ 1432 kPa (Psat @ 37 0C) and S2 = S1 = 1665 kJ/kg

then;

QA(high temp.evap)+QA(low temp.evap)

COP = Compressor Power

35+70
COP = Wc

Solving for WC:

m4 = 35
h5–h4 35
= 1471.6–375.9

= 0.0319 kg/s

m7 = 70
h8–h7 70
= 1456.2–375.9

= 0.0648

kg/s m1 = m6 +

m8

= m4 + m7
 = 0.0967 kg/s

By Energy Balance:

m1h1 = m6h6 + m8h8

0.0967h1 = 0.0319(1471.6) + 0.0648(1456.2)

h1 = 1461.3 kJ/kg

then;

WC = m (h2 – h1)

= 0.0967(1665 – 1461.3)

= 19.7 kW

thus;

35+70
COP = 19.7

(a) COP = 5.33

76. Past ME Board Problem

Twenty pounds of water at an initial temperature of 80 0F are heated until the

temperature is increased to 190 0F. Compute the quality of heat energy supplied.

a. 2200 BTU c. 2400 BTU

b. 2300 BTU d. 2500 BTU

Solution

Q = mCp∆t

= (20lb)(1 Btu
)(190-80)0F
lb 0F

thus;

(a) Q = 2200 Btu

77. Supplementary Problem

Suppose that 30 gpm of water are removed from 60 0F to 40 0F. Calculate the heat
energy removed in Btu per hour.

a. -299,880 Btu/hr c. -199,880 Btu/hr

b. -399,880 Btu/hr d. -499,880

Btu/hr Solution

Q = mCp∆t

= m(1)(40-60)

Solving for m:

m = ρV

= (8.33 lb )(30 gal

)(60min) = 14,994 lb

gal min hr hr

thus;

Q = (14,994)(1)(-20)

(a) Q = -299,880 Btu

hr

78. Supplementary Problem

If the latent heat of water is 144 Btu/lb, determine the quantity of latent heat given
up by 10 lb of water at 32 0F when it freezesinto ice at 32 0F.

a. 1550 Btu c. 2880 Btu

b. 1440 Btu d. 3100 Btu

Solution

Q = mLf

= 10 lb (144 Btu
)
lb

thus;
 (b) Q = 1440 Btu

79. Supplementary Problem

Compute the cooling rate (energy flow rate in Btu/hr) produces by ice melting at
the rate of 150 lb/hr.

a. 30000 Btu/hr c. 21,600 Btu/hr

b. 10,530 Btu/hr d. 15,000 Btu/hr

Solution

Q = mLf

= (150lb)(144Btu)
hr lb

thus;

(c) Q = 21,600 Btu/hr

80. Supplementary Problem

Twenty kilograms of water at initial temperature of 25 0C are heated until the

temperature is increased to 80 0C. Compute the quantity of heat energy supplied.

a. 4,605.7 kJ c. 2,000.1 kJ
b. 4,000.2 kJ d. 2,302.85 kJ

Solution

Q = mCp∆t

= (20 kg)(4.187 kJ
kg–K )(80-25) K

thus;

(a) Q = 4,605 kJ
81. Supplementary

One-tenth m3 of water is cooled from 39 0C to 2 0C. Determine the quantity of heat

energy rejected by the water.

a. 15,491.90 kJ c. 17,321.90 kJ
b. 14,591.90 kJ d. 18,231.80 kJ

Solution

Q = mCp∆t

= [ 1 (1000)] (4.187)(35 — 10)

10

thus;

(a) Q = 15,491.90 kJ

82. Supplementary Problem

Suppose that 30 kg/s of water are cooled from 35 0C to 10 0C. Compute the
required energy flow rate in kJ/s.

a. 3140.25 kW c. 3457.75 kW
b. 3240.25 kW d. 3567.25 kW

Solution

Q = mCp∆t

= (30 kg) (4.187 kJ

)(35 — 10)0C
s kJ0C

thus;

(a) Q = 3140.25 kJ/s or 3140.25 kW

83. Supplementary

Compute the cooling rate produced by ice melting at the rate of 150 kg/hr.

a. 737.5 kW c. 937.5 kW
b. 837.5 kW d. 637.5 kW

Solution

Q = mLf

= m(335 kJ)
kg

where:

m = 1.50 kg/hr

= 2.50 kg/s

Q = (2.5 kg) (335 kJ)

s kg

thus;

(b) Q = 837.5 kJ/s or kW

84. Supplementary Problem

Seventy-five hundred pounds of fresh beef enter a chilling cooler at 102 0F and are
chilled to 45 0F each day. Compute the product load in Btu per 24 hours. The
specific heat of beef above freezing is 0.75 Btu/lb-0F.

a. 320,600 Btu c. 220,600 Btu

b. 420,600 Btu d. 520,600 Btu

Solution

Production Load = (7500)(0.75)(102-45)

= 320,600 Btu per 24 hrs

(a) Product Load = 320,600 Btu per 24 hrs

 85. Supplementary

Calculate the piston displacement of a two cylinder compressor rotating at 1450

rpm if the diameter of the cylinder is 2.5 in. and the length of stroke.

a. 16.48 ft3/min c. 14.48 ft3/min

b. 15.48 ft3/min d. 17.48 ft3/min

Solution

2
VD = (πD ) L N n
4

2
= (π(2.5) ) (2) (1450) (2)
4

= 28,470.68 in.3/min

thus;

(a) VD = 16.48 ft3/min

86. Supplementary Problem

Calculate the compression ratio of an R-12 compressor when the suction

temperature is 20°F and the condensing temperature is 100°F.
a. 4.68 c. 2.68
b. 1.68 d. 3.68

Solution:

Absolute discharge pressure

Compression = Absolute suction pressure

Pd
R=
Ps

Where:

At 20°F, Ps = 35.75

psi At 100°F, Pd =

131.6 psi
 Thus;

131.6
R = 35.75

(d) R = 3.68

87. Supplementary Problem

Determine the shaft power required by the compressor if the theoretical power is
2.66 Hp and the overall efficiency of the compressor is 80%.
a. 2.22 Hp c. 4.44 Hp
b. 3.33 Hp d. 1.11 Hp

Solution:

Let eo = overall efficiency

Wc = compressor

theoretical Ws = shaft

power

Then:

Wc
eo =
Ws

2.66
0.80 =
Ws

Thus;

(b) Ws = 3.33

88. Supplementary Problem

A refrigeration compressor having a 10 in. flywheel is driven by a four-pole,
alternating current motor. If the diameter of the motor pulley is 4 in., determine
the speed of the compressor.
a. 700 rpm c. 600 rpm
 b. 500 rpm d. 800 rpm

Solution:

N1 D 1 = N2 D 2

Where:

N1 = speed of the compressor

D1 = diameter of the compressor flywheel

N2 = speed of the compressor driver

D2 = diameter of the driver pulley

Note: If the compressor driver is a four-pole, alternating current motor

operating on 60 cycle power, the approximate driver speed is 1750 rpm. For a two-
pole, alternating motor the approximate speed is 3500 rpm.

N(10) = (1750)(4)

Thus;

(a) 700 rpm

89. Supplementary Problem

Determine the estimated condenser load for an open-type compressor having a
cooling capacity of 16,500 BTU/hr and a heat rejection factor of 1.32.
a. 22,280 BTU/hr c. 21,780 BTU/hr
b. 20,780 BTU/hr d. 19,780 BTU/hr

Solution:

Condenser Load = Compressor Capacity x Heat rejection factor

= (16,500)(1.32)

= 21,780 BTU/hr

Thus;
 (c) Condenser Load = 21,780 BTU/hr

90. Supplementary Problem

If the load on the water-cooled condenser in 150,000 BTU/hr and the temperature rise
of the water in the condenser is 10°F, what is the quantity of water circulated in
gpm.
a. 30 c. 20
b. 40 d. 50

Solution:

Q = mCpΔt

150,000 = m(1)(10)

m = 15,000 lb/hr

Solving for V in gpm:

m 15,000 lb/hr
V = ρ = 8.33 lb/gal

V = 1800.72 gal/hr = 30.01 gal/min

Thus;

(a) V = 30 gpm
 CHAPTER VI

12. Past ME Board Problem

A coil has an inlet temperature of 60℉ and outlet of 90℉. If the mean temperature of the
coil is 110℉, find the bypass factor of the coil.

a. 0.20 c. 0.40
b. 0.30 d. 0.50

Solution:

tmean–tdb of outlet air

Bypass factor =
tmean–twb of inlet air

110–90
BF =
110–60

Thus;

(a) BF = 0.40

13. Past ME Board Problem

If the latent and sensible heat loads are 20 kW and 80 kW respectively, what is the
sensible heat ratio?

a. 0.80 c. 0.70
b. 0.60 d. 0.90

Solution:

Let: SHR = sensible heat ratio

QS 80
SHR = =
QS + QR 80+20

Thus;

(a) SHR = 0.80

14. A room being air conditioned is being held at 25Ԩ dry bulb and 50% relative
humidity. A flow rate of 5 m3⁄s of supply air at 15Ԩ dry bulb and 80% RH is being
delivered to the room to maintain that steady condition at 100 kPa. What is the sensible
heat absorbed from the room air in kW?

a. 50.8 c. 40.5
b. 60.8 d. 70.9

Solution:

QS = mCp (t2 — t1)

Solving for m:

PV = mRT

100(5) = m (0.287)(15 + 273)

m = 6.049 kg/s

thus;

QS = (6.049)(1.003)(25 – 25)

(a) QS = 60.80 kW

15. Supplementary Problem

Compute the pressure drop of 30Ԩ air flowing with a mean velocity of 8 m/s in a circular
sheet-metal duct 300 mm in diameter and 15 m long. Use a friction factor, f = 0.02 and
ραίr = 1.1644 kg/m3.

a. 37.26 Pa c. 29.34 Pa
b. 25.27 Pa d. 30.52 Pa

Solution:

flV2ρ
∆P
= 2D

0.02 (15)(8)2(1.1644)
∆P 2(0.30)
=
Thus;
 (a) ∆P = 37.26 Pa

16. Supplementary Problem

A pressure difference of 350 Pa is available to force 20oC air through a circular sheet-
metal duct 450 mm in diameter and 25 m long. At 20oC, ρ = 1.204 kg/m3 and take
friction factor, f = 0.016. Determine the velocity.

a. 25.57 m/s c. 28.54 m/s

b. 27.55 m/s d. 24.85 m/s

Solution:

flV2ρ
∆P = 2D

(0.016) (25)V2(1.204)
350 = 2(0.450)

Thus;

(a) V = 25.57 m/s

17. Supplementary Problem

A duct 0.40 m high and 0.80 m wide suspended from the ceiling in a corridor, makes a
right angle turn in the horizontal plane. The inner radius is 0.2 m and the outer radius is
1.0 m measured from the same center. The velocity of air in the duct is 10 m/s.
Compute the pressure drop in this elbow. Assuming; f = 0.3, ρ = 1.204 kg/m3 and L =
10 m.

a. 341 Pa c. 143 Pa
b. 441 Pa d. 144 Pa

Solution:

flV2ρ
∆P = 2Deg

Where:

Deq = 2αb
(for rectangular duct)
α+b
 2(0.4)(0.80)
= 0.4 + 0.8

= 0.53 m

Thus;

0.3(10)(10)2(1.2041)
∆P = 2(0.53)

(a) ∆P = 341 Pa

18. Supplementary Problem

A rectangular duct has a dimension of 0.25 m by 1 m. Determine the equivalent

diameter of the duct.

a. 0.40 m c. 0.70 m
b. 0.80 m d. 0.30 m

Solution:

2αb
Deq = α+b

2(0.25)(1)
= 0.25 + 1

Thus;

(a) Deq = 0.40 m

19. Supplementary Problem

A 0.30 x 0.40 m branch duct leaves a 0.30 x 0.60 main duct at an angle of 60°. The
air temperature is 20Ԩ. The dimensions of the main duct remain constant following
branch. The flow rate upstream is 2.7 m3⁄s. What is the pressure downstream in the
main duct. Note: at 20Ԩ, ρ = 1.2041 kg/m3.

a. 346 Pa c. 634 Pa
b. 436 Pa d. 643 Pa

Solution:

Pressure Loss in the main duct:

 2
ρ
P = Vd
(0.4)(1 — Vd)2
loss 2 Vu

Solving for Vd and Vu:

mu = md + mb

Qu = Qd + Qb

2.7 = Qd + 1.3

Qd = 1.4 m3⁄s

Vd = Qd
1.4
Ad = (0.3)(0.6)

= 7.78 m/s

V = Qu

Au 2.7
u = (0.3)(0.6)

= 15 m/s

V = Qb

Ab 1.3
b = (0.3)(0.6)

= 10.43 m/s

Then;

(7.78)2(1.204)(0.4) 7.78 2
Ploss = (1 — )
2 15

= 3.38

From: Bernoulli Equation:

2 2
Pu Vu Pd Vd Ploss
γ
+ 2g
= γ
+ 2g
+ γ

Pd Pu — Ploss Vd2 — Vu2

γ =
+ 2g
γ

Pd 250 — 3.38 (15)2 — (7.78)2

=
9.81(1.2041) 9.81(1.02041) +
2(9.81)
Thus;
 (a) Pd = 345. 64 Pa

20. Supplementary Problem

A sudden enlargement in a circular duct measures 0.20 m diameter upstream and 0.40
m downstream. The upstream pressure is 150 Pa, downstream pressure is 200 Pa.
What is the flow rate of 20˚C air through the fitting? Use p = 1.02041 kg/m3.

a. 0.49 m3/s c. 0.38 m3/s

b. 0.83 m3/s d. 0.94 m3/s

Solution:

Q = AuVu

Solving for Vu:

(Vu2p) Au 2
P = (1 — )
loss
2 Ad

where:
Au
= (0.20)2 = 0.25
Ad 0.40

then:
2
(1.204)
(200-150) = Vu (1 — 0.25)2
2

Vu = 12.15 m/s

Thus;
2
Л(0.20)
Q= (12.15)
4

(a)Q = 0.38 m3/s

21. Past ME Board Exam

Water at 55oC is cooled in a cooling tower which has an efficiency of 65%. The
temperature of the surrounding air is 32oC dry bulb and 70% relative humidity. The heat
dissipated from the condenser is 2,300,000 kJ/hr. Find the capacity in liters per second
of the pump used in the cooling tower.

a. 8.50 L/s c. 7.60 L/s

b. 6.80 L/s d. 6.70 L/s

Solution:

Pump Capacity = m ѵf@t4:

Solving for m:

t3–t4
e = t3–twb

from psychometric chart:

At 32oC and 70% RH:

twb = 27.40oC
55–t4
0.65 = 55–27.40

t4 = 37.06oC

Using energy balance is the condenser:

2,300,000
mCp(t3 – t4) =
3600

m(4.187)(55 – 37.06) = 2,300,000

3600

m = 8.51 kg/s

From steam table at t4 = 37.06oC:

Ѵf = 1.0068 L/kg

Thus;

Pump Capacity = (8.51 kg/s) (1.0068 L/kg)

(a) Pump Capacity = 8.57 L/s

22. Past ME Board Exam

An atmospheric cooling tower is to provide cooling for the jacket water of a four stroke,
800 kW Diesel generator. The cooling tower efficiency is 60% at a temperature
approach of 10oC. If the ambient air has a relative humidity of 70% and dry bulb
temperature of 32oC, determine the cooling tower supplied to the diesel engine in liters
per hour. Generator efficiency is 97% useful work = 30% and cooling loss = 25%.

a. 39,800 L/hr c. 45,700L/hr

b. 35,700 L/hr d. 49,800 L/hr

Solution:

Volume of water = m Ѵf at t4 :

Solving for m and Ѵf :

At tdb1 = 32oC and RH = 70%

twb = 27.45oC

tapproach = t4 – 27.45

10 = t4 – 27.45

t4 = 37.45oC

Brake power of engine = Power input to generator

800
= = 824.74 kW
0.97

Heat supplied to Engine, QA:

 824.74
QA = = 2749.14 kW
0.30

Heat absorbed by Cooling water, Qw:

Qw = 0.25 (2749.14)

= 687.285

mwCpw(t3 – t4) = 687.285

mw(4.187)(52.4 – 37.45) = 687.285

mw = 10.98 kg/s

= 39,527.14 kg/hr

Specific Volume of water at 37.45oC, Ѵf = 1.007 L/kg

Thus;

Vol. of cooling water, Vw:

Vw = 39,527.14(1.007) L/hr

(a) Vw = 39,803.83 L/hr

23. Past ME Board Exam

Fifty gallons per minute of water enters a cooling tower at 46oC. Atmospheric air at 16oC
db and 55% RH enters the tower at 2.85 m 3/s and leaves at 32oC saturated. Determine
the volume of water that leaves the tower.

a. 4.10 L/s c. 2.10 L/s

b. 3.10 L/s d. 5.10 L/s

Solution:

Volume water leaving the tower, V4:

V4 = m4(Ѵf at t4)

Solving for m4 and Ѵf:

At tdb1 = 16oC and 55%RH At 32oC and 100% RH

Ѵ1 = 0.828 m3/kg ὼ2 = 0.0308 kg/kg

 ὼ1 = 0.0056 kg/kg h2 = 110.9 kJ/kg

h1 = 32 kJ/kg h3 = hf at 46oC

V1 2.85
ma = = = 192.62 kJ/kg
v1 0.828

= 3.44 kg/s Ѵ3 = 0.0010103 m3/kg

50gal L 1min
m3 = ((0.0010103
min )(3.785 gal )( 60s )
m )(1000 L )
= 3.12 kg/s
kg m3

By mass balance:

m3 – m4 = ma(W2 – W1)

3.12 – m4 = 3.44 (0.0308 – 0.0056)

(a) m4 = 3.09 kg/s

By energy balance:

m3h3 – m4h4 = ma(h2 – h1)

3.12(192.62) – 3.09h4 = 3.44(110.9 – 32)

h4 = 106.65 kJ/kg

From Steam table 1:

t4 = 25.42oC

Ѵ4 = 1.0031 L/kg

Thus; volume of water leaving, Vw:

Vw = 3.09(1.0031)

(a) Vw = 3.10 L/s

24. Past ME Board Exam

A 250,000 kg/hr of water 35oC enters a cooling tower where it is to be cooled to 17.5 oC.
The energy is to be exchanged with atmospheric air entering the units at 15 oC and
leaving the unit at 30oC. The air enters at 30% RH and leaves at 85% RH. If all process
are assumed to occur at atmospheric pressure, determine the percentage of total water
flow that is make up water.

a. 2.22% c. 4.44%

b. 3.335 d. 1.11%

Solution:
mαss of mαke–up wαter
Percentage make-up water =
250,000

Solving for mass of make-up water:

At 15oC and 30% RH:

h1 = 23.02 kJ/kg

w1 = 0.0033 kg/kg

At 30oC and 85% RH:

h2 = 89.01 kJ/kg

w1 = 0.0233 kg/kg

Heat lost by water = Heat gained by air

mwCpw∆t = ma(h2 – h1)

250,000(4.187)(35 – 17.5) = ma(89.01 – 23.02)

ma = 277,589.41 kg/hr

then; the mass of make-up water, ms:

m5 = ma(w2 – w1)

m5 = 277,589.41(0.0233 – 0.0033)

= 5,551.79 kg/hr

Thus; the percentage make-up water,

%make-up = 5,551.79
250,000

(a) %make –up = 0.0222 or 2.22%

25. Past ME Board Exam

How much refrigeration capacity is required to cool 56.67 m3 of air per minute from
29oC to 21oC. Assume that the cooled air is saturated.

a. 4.76 TOR c. 3.76 TOR

b. 1.76 TOR d. 2.76 TOR

Solution:

Refrigeration Capacity, QA:

QA = ma(h1 – h2)

Solving for ma:

From psychometric chart:

At 21oC db and 100% RH

h1 = 70 kJ/kg

ѵ1 = 0.875 m3/kg

At constant SH intersecting 29oC db:

h2 = 70 kJ/kg

Volume of Aίr
ma =Specίfίc Volume

56.67 m3/mίn
=
0.875 m3/kg

ma = 64.766 kg/min

= 1.079 kg/s

Then;

QA = 1.079(70-61)

= 9.715 kW
Thus;

(a) 2.76 tons of refrigeration

26. Supplementary Problem

Find the refrigeration capacity required to cool 29 cubic meter per minute from 29oC to
18oC if air from the outside has an RH of 90%.

a. 2.9 TOR c. 4.9 TOR

b. 3.9 TOR d. 5.9 TOR

Solution:

Qn = ma(h1 – h2)

Solving for ma:

From psychometric chart:

At 29oC db and 90% RH

h1 = 88.45 kJ/kg

At 218oC db and 100% RH

h2 = 50.45 kJ/kg

ѵ1 = 0.886 m3/kg

29
ma = 0.886 = 32.73 kg/min

ma = 0.546 kg/s

then;

QA = 0.546(88.45 – 50.45)

= 20.75 kW

Thus;

(a) QA = 5.9 tons of refrigeration

27. Past ME Board Exam

The temperature of the air in a dryer is maintained constant by the use of steam coils
within the dryer. The product enters the dryer at the rate of one metric ton per hour. The
initial moisture content is 3 kg moisture per kg of dry solid and will be dried to moisture
content of 0.10 kg moisture per kg dry solid. Air enters the dryer with a humidity ratio of
0.016 kg moisture per kg of dry air and leaves with a relative humidity of 100% while the
temperature remains constant at 60Ԩ. If the total pressure of the air is 101.3 kPa,
determine the capacity of the forced draft far to handle this air in m3⁄min.

a. 85.75 m3⁄min
c. 55.87 m3⁄min
b. 87.55 m3⁄min
d. 58.75 m3⁄min
Capacity of fan = mv1

Solving for m and v1:

At point 1:

0.622 Pv1
W1 = Pt–Pv1

0.622 Pv1
0.16 = 101.3–Pv1

Pv1 = 2.54 kPa

Pαv1 = RαT1

(101.3 — 2.54)v1 = 0.287 (60 + 273)

v1 = 0.968 m3⁄kg

At point 2:

Psαt @ 60Ԩ = 19.94 kPa

Pv2 = RH (Psαt @ 60Ԩ)

= (1)(19.94)

= 19.94 kPa

0.622 Pv2
W2 = Pt–Pv2

0.622 (19.94)
= 101.3–19.94

= 0.1524 kg/kg

At point 3:
 Bdw = 250 kg

At point 4:
0.10
Moisture content =
1+0.10

= 0.0909 or

9.09% W4=

0.0909W4 + Bdw W4=

0.0909W4 + 250

W4= 275 kg/kg

By mass balance in the dryer:

mW1 + W3 = m1W2 + W4
W3–W4
m1 = W
2–W1

1000–275
= 0.1524–0.016

Thus;

Capacity of Fan = 5315.25 (0.968)

= 5142.16 m3⁄hr

(a) Capacity of the Fan = 85.75 m3⁄min

Alternate Solution:

Fan Capacity = mv1

From psychrometric chart:

At 60Ԩ and 0.016 humidity ratio:

v1= 0.968 m3⁄kg

From steam table at 60Ԩ, Psαt = 19.94 kPa

0.622 (19.94)
W2 = 101.3–19.94

W2 = 0.1524 kg/kg

Moisture removed = m (W2 — W1)

3 (350) – (0.10)(250) = m (0.154- 0.1016)

M = 5315.25 kg/hr

Thus;

Fan Capacity = 5315.16 (0.968)

= 5145.16 m3⁄hr

(a) Fan Capacity = 82.75 m3⁄min

28. Past ME Board Exam

Wet material containing 215% moisture (dry basis) is to be dried at the rate of 1.5 kg/s
in a continuous dryer to give a product containing 5% moisture (wet basis). The drying
medium consist of air heated to 373 K and containing water vapor equivalent to a partial
pressure of 1.40 kPa. The air leaves the dryer at 310 K and 70% saturated. Calculate
how much air will be required to remove the moisture.

a. 50 kg/s c. 60 kg/s

b. 55 kg/s d. 65 kg/s

Solution:

Amount of moisture removed = amount of moisture absorbed by air.

Let m = rate of flow of dried product

1
(1.5) = 0.95 m
1+2.15

m = 0.501 kg/s

Amount of moisture removed = 1.5 – 0.501

= 0.999 kg/s

Solving for W1:

0.622Pv 0.622(1.4)
W1 = Pt–Pv = 101.325–1.4

= 0.00871 kg/kg

From psychrometric chart, W2 = 0.0289 kg/kg

Then,

ma(0.0289 – 0.00871) = amount of moisture removed

ma(0.0289 – 0.00871) = 0.999

thus;

(a) ma = 49.48 kg/s

29. Past ME Board Exam

One hundred fifty cubic meters of air per minute at 35oC dry bulb and 25oC wet bulb
temperature are to be cooled to 21oC. Determine the refrigeration capacity.

a. 10 TOR c. 12 TOR

b. 11 TOR d. 13 TOR

Solution:

Refrigeration Capacity, QA:

QA = maCp(t1 – t2)

Solving for ma:

From psychrometric chart:

v1 = 0.892 m3/kg, v2 = 0.855 m3/kg

150 = 168.16 kg/min

ma = 0.892

then;

QA = 2.8 (1) (35 - 21)

= 39.24 kW

Thus;

(a) QA = 11.16 TOR

30. Past ME Board Exam

In an auditorium maintained at a temperature not to exceed 24 oC and relative humidity

not to exceed 60%, a sensible heat load of 132 kW and 78 kg of moisture per hour to be
remove. Air is supplied to the auditorium at 18 oC. How many kilograms of air must be
supplied per hour?

a. 79,200 kg/hr c. 72,900 kg/hr

b. 97,200 kg/hr d. 92,700 kg/hr

Solution:

Qs = maCp(t2 – t1)

132 = ma(1)(24 - 18)

ma = 22 kg/s

thus;

(a) ma = 79,200 kg/hr

31. Supplementary Problem
Eleven thousand three hundred kilograms per hour of water enters a cooling
tower at 45oC. Atmospheric air at 16oC and 55 percent relative humidity enters
the tower at the rate of 10,200 m3/hr and leaves at 32oC and saturated.
Determine the mass of water evaporated per hour during the cooling process?
a. 2,912.53 kg/hr c. 1,292.53 kg/hr
b. 2,219.53 kg/hr d. 1,912.53 kg/hr
Solution:
Mass of water evaporated,
mW: mW = ma (SH2 –
SH1)
From Psychrometric chart:
Entering air at 16oC and 55% RH:
V1 = 0.83 m3/kg; SH1 = 0.07 kg/kg
Leaving air at 32oC and 100% RH (Saturated)
SH2 = 0.307 kg/kg
Mass of air entering the tower:
3
10,200 m /hr
ma =
0.83 m3/kg

= 12,289.16 kg/hr
then;
mW = 12,289.16 (0.307 – 0.07)
thus;
(a) mW = 2,192.53 kg/hr

32. Supplementary Problem

Water at 55 ̊C is cooled in a cooling tower which has an efficiency of 65%. The
temperature of the surrounding air is 32 ̊C dry bulb and relative humidity of
70%. The heat dissipated from the condenser is 2,300,000 kJ/hr . Find the
capacity in liters per second of the pump used in the tower.
a. 8.66 L/s c. 4.76 L/s
b. 8.76 L/s d. 7.26 L/s

Solution:
From Psychrometric Chart:
At 32oC db and 70% RH
 twb1 = 27.5oC
The temperature of water leaving the tower can be determined by tower
efficiency equation:
Actual cooling range
Tower eff. =
Theoretical Cooling range

ta-tb
=ta-twb1

55-tb
0.65 = 55-27.5
tb = 37.125 oC
By Energy Balance in the condenser:
QR = mw Cpw ( ta – tb )
2,300,000 = mw (4.187) (55-37.125)
mw = 30,731.15 kg/hr
Density of water at 55oC:
1 = 1
ρw = 0.0010146
vf@55o C

= 985.6 kg/m3
Then; the capacity of the pump to be used in the cooling tower:
kg L
(30,731 ) (1000 )
Pump capacity hr
kg sm3
= (935.6 )(3600 )
hr hr

thus;
(a) Pump Capacity = 8.66 L/s

33. Supplementary Problem

A dryer is to deliver 1000kg/hour of palay with a final moisture content of 10%. The
initial moisture content in the feed is 15% at atmospheric condition with 32 ̊C
dry bulb and 21 ̊C wet bulb. The dryer is maintained at 45 ̊ C while the relative
humidity of the hot humid air from the dryer is 80%. If the steam pressure supplied
to the heater is 2 Mpa, determine the air supplied to the dryer in mᵌ/hr.
a. 1332.25 mᵌ/hr c. 1223.25 mᵌ/hr
b. 1233.25 mᵌ/hr d. 1523.13 mᵌ/hr
Solution:
Amount of moisture removed = Amount of moisture
absorbed; Let; m = amount of palay in wet feed
 Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product
0.85 = 0.90 (1000)
m = 1,058.83
kg/hr Amount of moisture
removed:
m = 1,058.83 -1000 = 58.28
From psychrometric chart:
W1 = W2 = 0.0111 kg/kg; v2 = 0.915 m3/kg
W3 = 0.0515 kg/kg
then; the amount of moisture absorbed;
= ma (W3 – W2)
58.823 = ma (0.0515 – 0.0111)
ma = 1456.015 kg/hr
Va = 1456.015 kg/hr (0.915 m3/kg)
thus;
(a) Va = 1332.25 m3/hr

34. Supplementary Problem

Copra enters a dryer containing 60% water and 40% of solids and leaves with
5% water and 95% solids. Find the weight of water removed based on each
pound of original product.
a. 0.58 lb c. 0.47 lb
b. 0.40 lb d. 0.67 lb
Solution:
Let; m = weight of original product per lb of wet feed
Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product
0.95 = 0.40 (1)
m = 0.42 lb
thus;
Weight of water removed = 1 – 0.42
(a) Weight of water removed = 0.58

35. Supplementary Problem

In an air conditioning system, If the re-circulated air is three times the outside the
mass of supply air is 20 kg/s, what is the mass of the outside air?
a. 3 kg/s c. 5 kg/s
 b. 4 kg/s d. 6 kg/s

Solution:
mo + mt = ms
mo + 3mo =
20 4mo = 20
thus;

(a) mo = 5 kg/s

36. Supplementary Problem

An auditorium is to be maintained at a temperature of 26 °C dry bulb and 50%
RH. Air is to be supplied at a temperature not lower than 15 °C dry bulb. The
sensible heat gain is 110 kW and the latent gain is 37.5 kW. Take ventilating air
as 25% by weight of the air from the room, and is at 35 °C dry bulb and 60%
RH. Determine refrigerating capacity in tons.
a. 43.45 c. 63.28
b. 54.23 d. 76.34

Solution:

Refrigeration Capacity = ms (h4 –

h1) From psychrometric chart:

h3 = 90.49 KJ/kg

h2 = 53 KJ/kg

Solving for ms:

Qs = ms Cp (t2 – t1)

110 = ms (1.0) (26 – 15)

ms = 10 kg/s

Solving for h3:

QT = ms (h2 – h1)
 110 + 37.5 = 10 (53 – h1)

h1 = 38.25 KJ/kg

Solving for h4:

by mass balance:
mo + m r = m s
0.25mr + mr =
10 mr = 8 kg/s
by Heat Balance
moh3 + mrh2 = msh4

[0.25(8)] (90.49) + 8 (53) = 10 h4

h4 = 60.50 KJ/kg
thus;
Refrigerating Capacity = 10 (60.50 – 38.25)
= 222.48 kW
Refrigerating Capacity = 63.28 Tons of Refrigeration

37. Supplementary Problem

An assembly hall was to have an air conditioning unit installed which would be
maintained at 26 °C dry bulb and at 50% RH. The unit delivers air at 15 °C dry bulb
temperature and the calculated sensible heat load is 150 kW and the latent
heat is 51.3 kW. Twenty percent by weight of extracted air is made up of
outside air at 34 °C dry bulb and 60% RH, while 80% is extracted by the air
conditioner from the assembly hall. Determine the air conditioners refrigeration
capacity in tons of refrigeration and its ventilation load in kW.
a. 83.22 TOR, 37.47 TOR c. 89.56 TOR, 45.77 TOR
b. 76.43 TOR, 57.34 TOR d. 56.78 TOR, 47.68 TOR

Solution:
Refrigeration Capacity, QA:
QA = ms (h4 – h1)
Ventilation load, QV:
QV = mo (h3 – h1)
Solving for ms:
 Qs = ms Cp (t2 – t1)
150 = ms (1.0) (26 – 15)
ms = 13.64 kg/s
From psychrometric chart:
h3 = 86.5 KJ/kg
h2 = 53 KJ/kg
Solving for h1:
QT = ms (h2 – h1)
150 + 51.3 = 13.64 (53 – h1)
h1 = 38.24 KJ/kg
Solving for mr and mo:
mr = 0.80 (13.64)
mr = 10.91 kg/s
mo = 0.20
(13.64)
= 2.73
kg/s By heat balance:
moh3 + msh4
2.736(86.5) + 10.91(53) = 13.64h4
h4 = 59.69 kJ/kg
thus;
QA = 13.64 (59.69 – 38.24)
= 292.61 kW
= 83.22 tons of refrigeration
Qv = 2.73(86.5 – 38.24)
= 131.75 kW
= 37.47 tons of refrigeration
(a) QA = 83.22 TOR, QV = 37.47 TOR

38. Supplementary Problem

An air conditioned theater is to be maintained at 80 °F dry bulb temperature
and 50% RH. The calculated total sensible heat load in the theater is 620,000
BTU/hr, and the latent heat load is 210,000 Btu/hr. The air mixture at 84 °F
and 59 °F wet bulb temperature by chilled water cooling coils and delivered as
supply air to the theater. Calculate the tons refrigeration required.
a. 100.65 TOR c. 142.67 TOR
 b. 124.67 TOR d. 112.60 TOR

Solution:
Conditioner Capacity, QA:
QA = ms (h4 – h1)
Solving for ms:
QT = ms (h2 – h1)
From Psychrometric Chart:
h4 = 35.82 Btu/lb
h1 = 25.78 Btu/lb
h2 = 31.35 Btu/lb
then;
620,000 + 210,000 = ms (31.35 – 25.78)
ms = 149,012.57 lb/hr
thus;

149,012.57 (35.82 - 25.78)Btu/hr

QA 12,000 Btu/hr
= TOR

(a) QA = 124.67 Tons of Refrigeration

39. Supplementary Problem

Determine the quantity of heat required to raise 20 m ᵌ /min of air 20 °C and 80
percent relative humidity to 35 °C.
a. 5 kW c. 7 kW
b. 6 kW d. 8 kW

Solution:
From Psychrometric Chart:
At tdb1 = 20oC and 80%
RH h1 = 50kJ/kg
v1 = 0.85
m /kg
3
h2 =
65.5 kJ/kg Q =
m (h2 – h1)
Solving for m:
V 20
m= =
v 0.847
 = 23.61 kg/min
= 0.394 kg/s
thus;
Q = 0.394 (65.5 – 50)
(a) Q = 6.10 kJ/s or kW

40. Supplementary Problem

Determine the partial pressure of water vapor if the barometric pressure is 101.325
kPa and the humidity ratio is 0.05.
a. 7.54 kPa c. 5.74 kPa
b. 4.75 kPa d. 5.47 kPa

Solution:
P
v
W = 0.622
Pt-Pv
P
v
0.05 = 0.622
101.325-Pv
thus;
(a) 7.54 kPa

41. Supplementary Problem

The evaporative condenser of an ammonia refrigeration plant has a water flow
rate 226 kg/s and enters a natural draft cooling tower at 40 °C. The water is
cooled to 29 °C by air entering at 38 °C db and 24 °C wb. The air leaves the
tower as saturated at 40 °C db. Calculate the make-up water required in kg/hr.
Water properties: Air Properties:
At 49oC; hf = 167.48 kJ/kg At 38oC db and 42oC wb
At 29oC; hg = 121.43 kJ/kg h = 72.5 kJ/kg
w = 0.013 kg/kg

At 40oC db saturated;
h = 166 kJ/kg, w = 0.0488 kg/kg
a. 8977 c. 8055
b. 8055 d. 8388
 Solution:
m = ma (W2 – W1)
Solving for mass of air, ma:
Heat absorbed by air = heat rejected by water
ma (h2 – h1) = mw Cw ∆t
ma (166 – 72.5) = 126 (4.187) (40 – 29)
ma = 62.07 kg/s
then;

m = 62.07 (0.0488 – 0.013)

= 2.22 kg/s
thus;

(a) m = 7999.08 kg/hr

42. Supplementary Problem

Determine the absolute humidity (vapor density) of an air sample that has a
dew point temperature of 45 °F if the value of the gas constant R for low
pressure water vapor is 85.66 ft-lbm °R. The vapor pressure corresponding to a
saturation temperature of 45 °F is 0.1475 psia.
a. 0.000491 lb/ftᵌ c. 0.000149 lb/ftᵌ
b. 0.000941 lb/ftᵌ d. 0.000194 lb/ftᵌ

Solution:
PV = mRT
m P
=ρ=
V RT
0.1475 (144)
=
(85.66)(45+460)
thus;

ρ = 0.000491 lb/ft3

43. Supplementary Problem

A certain sample of the air has a temperature of 70 °F (partial pressure of 0.36
psia) and a dew point temperature of 50°F. The partial pressure of the water is
 vapor corresponding to a 50 °F dew point temperature is 0.178 psia. Determine
the relative humidity RH.
a. 49.44% c. 39.44%
b. 59.44% d. 69.44%

Solution
Actual partial pressure
RH = x 100
partial pressure at saturation
0.178
= x 100
0.36
thus;
(a) RH = 49.44 %

44. Supplementary Problem

Air at normal atmospheric pressure has a temperature of 70 °F and a dew point
temperature of 50 ° F. Determine the saturation ratio of the air. The humidity ratios
corresponding to dew point temperatures of 50 °F and 70 °F respectively are
0.00763 lb/lb and 0.01576 lb/lb respectively
a. 58.51% c. 38.31%
b. 28.21% d. 48.41%

Solution:
Wactual
Saturation ratio = x 100
Wsaturation
0.00763
= x 100
0.01576

thus;
(c) Saturation ratio = 48.41

45. Supplementary Problem

Determine the sensible heat of 5 lb of air having a dry bulb temperature of 70
°F and a humidity ratio of 0.0092 lb/lb. The latter corresponding to a dew point
temperature of approximately 55°F.
a. 94 BTU c. 84 BTU
b. 48 BTU d. 49 BTU
 Solution:
Qs = m (0.24 DB)
= 5 (0.24)(70)
thus;
Qs = 84 BTU

46. Supplementary Problem

If the total heat removed per pound of dry air is 0.10 Btu and the sensible heat
removed per pound of dry air is 6 BTU. Compute the sensible heat factor (SHR).
a. 0.50 c. 0.70
b. 0.60 d. 0.40

Solution:
QR 6
SHR = =
QS 10

thus;
(a) SHR = 0.60

47. Supplementary Problem

Determine the approximate load on a cooling tower if the entering and leaving
temperatures are 96 °F and 88 °F, respectively and the flow rate of the water
over the tower is 30 gpm.
a. 2500 Btu/min c. 3000 Btu/min
b. 2000 Btu/min d. 3500 Btu/min
Solution:
Tower load = 8.33 V ∆t Btu/min
= 8.33 (30) (96 – 88)
thus;
(b) Tower load = 2000 Btu/min

48. Supplementary Problem

Determine the equipment standard air volume for 150 mᵌ/s of air having a dry
bulb temperature of 15 °C.
 a. 150 mᵌ/s c. 170 mᵌ/s
b. 160 mᵌ/s d. 180 mᵌ/s

Solution:
150 (21+273)
Vs
(15+273)
=
thus;
(a) Vs = 153 m3/s

49. Supplementary Problem

Determine the quantity of water lost by bleed off if the water flow rate over the
tower is 30 gpm and the range is 10 °F. Percent bleed-off required is 33%.
a. 0.077 gpm c. 0.099 gpm
b. 0.088 gpm d. 0.066 gpm

Solution:
The quantity of water lost by bleed-off,
Vw = 0.33 (30)
thus;
(a) Vw = 0.099 gpm

50. Supplementary Problem

The mass of an outside air is 50°C in an air conditioning unit is 60 kg. find the
temperature after mixing if the outside air mixed with 40 kg with recirculated air at
35 °C.
a. 44 °C c. 52 °C
b. 39 d. 47 °C
°C Solution:

moto + mrtr = msts

60(50) + 40(35) = (60 + 40)ts
thus;
(a) ts = 44oC