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Fundamentals of Internet Assignments

The document discusses domain names, the domain name system (DNS), and how DNS works to translate domain names to IP addresses. It explains that DNS uses a hierarchical system of root name servers, top-level domain servers, and authoritative name servers to direct queries to the correct IP address. The document also covers URL structure, explaining the components of a URL like the protocol, subdomain, top-level domain, slug, and article permalink.

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32 views3 pages

Fundamentals of Internet Assignments

The document discusses domain names, the domain name system (DNS), and how DNS works to translate domain names to IP addresses. It explains that DNS uses a hierarchical system of root name servers, top-level domain servers, and authoritative name servers to direct queries to the correct IP address. The document also covers URL structure, explaining the components of a URL like the protocol, subdomain, top-level domain, slug, and article permalink.

Uploaded by

kelciefay8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Faith Waithira Wahome

Regno: BIT/2021/84746

FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNET ASSIGNMENT

DOMAIN NAME
A domain Name is the part of a network address that identifies it as belonging to a particular domain
which is a subset of the internet with addresses sharing a common suffix or under the control of a
particular organization or individual.

DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM


The Domain Name System (DNS) is the Internet's system for mapping alphabetic names to
numeric Internet Protocol (IP) addresses like a phone book maps a person's name to a phone
number. For example, when a Web address (URL) is typed into a browser, a DNS query is
made to learn an IP address of a Web server associated with that name of the typed URL.

HOW DOES IT WORK?


Using the www.faith.com URL, faith.com is the domain name, and www is the hostname. DNS
resolution maps www.raffracha.com into an IP address (such as 195.0.6.1). When a user needs
to load a webpage in the Client computer from the host computer, a conversion must occur
between what a user types into their web browser (www.faith.com) into an IP address required
to locate the www.faith.com site.

The DNS firsts checks the IP address in the Operating system then the operating system routes
the search (”query”) to the resolving name server.

However, the resolving name server doesn’t know the location of the entire domain, but it knows
the root name server where the first query is send.

The root name server will tell the resolving name server the location of the top-level domain
name server, so that’s the next place the resolving name server sends the query

The top level domain name server, which is updated by the domain register, will then be able
direct the query to the authoritative name server, which is usually just referred to as the
“name server” of a domain

This name server knows the location of the IP of the domain, and sends this information back to
the resolving name server which caches the information and routes it to the browser to the
correct place.
What is the Resolving name server?
A Resolving name server directly finds out information about the root servers, top level
domains and authoritative name servers. It also speeds up queries by caching results locally as
configured by host mater in their domains’ TTL field.

THE URL STRUCTURE


A URL is the internet address of a particular web page; it connects the user to a particular
website. Most of the URLS begin with a Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http) followed bu a colon
and two slashes. For example http.//faith.ke URL levels include:

Top-level domain; is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain. They include:

.com-commercial .edu-education .gov-government .int-organization

.mil-military .net-networking providers’ .org-non-profit organization

Domain name of countries are:

.Ke- Kenya .au-Australia .de- Denmark .ge- Germany

.fr- France .nl- Netherlands .Uk-united Kingdom .Us-United States

Parts of a URL
An example of an URL like:

Root Domain Slug

https://www.designworld.com/category/post-name

Protocol Sub Domain TLD


Article permalink

 The Protocol-The protocol is how the browser gets the information about that page,
either http:// or https:// (“s” stands for secure).
 Sub Domain-is the part of the domain that comes before the main “root” domain.
 Root domain- is the highest hierarchical level of a site and is separated from the Top
Level Domain by a dot
 Top Level Domain (TLD)- is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical
Domain Name System of the Internet after the root domain.
 Slug- it's the part of the URL that explains the page's content.
 Article permalink-i s a web address that will consistently point to a specific information
source such as an eBook, an article, a record in the catalog, a video, an image or a
database.

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