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Tutorial 1

This document contains a tutorial on mechanics with 14 problems involving concepts like dimensional analysis, conversion between Cartesian and polar coordinates, and calculations using measured values with units. The high-level topics covered are dimensional analysis, coordinate systems, unit conversions, and calculations involving lengths, speeds, energies, and distances between objects. Sample problems are provided with the relevant equations and steps to arrive at the answers.

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Cheryl Low
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12 views4 pages

Tutorial 1

This document contains a tutorial on mechanics with 14 problems involving concepts like dimensional analysis, conversion between Cartesian and polar coordinates, and calculations using measured values with units. The high-level topics covered are dimensional analysis, coordinate systems, unit conversions, and calculations involving lengths, speeds, energies, and distances between objects. Sample problems are provided with the relevant equations and steps to arrive at the answers.

Uploaded by

Cheryl Low
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

Centre : Centre for Foundation Studies (CFS)


Course : Foundation in Science
Year / Trimester : Year 1 / Trimester 1
Course Code / Title : FHSC1014 / Mechanics

Tutorial 1: Introduction - Main

1. (a) State the dimension of the followings.

(i) Velocity.
(ii) Force.

(b) Suppose an equation related with force F, viscosity ƞ, speed v, radius r is given
by this formula
F = k x v y r z ,
where k is a dimensionless constant;
x, y, and z are the power to which ƞ, v and r.

Given that the dimensions of viscosity ƞ is ML–1T–1.


Use dimensional analysis to determine the value of x, y and z.
[Answer: (a) (i) LT–1, (ii) MLT–2; (b) 1, 1, 1]

2. (a) Discuss briefly whether in general the method of dimensional checking can
positively confirm that an equation is correct.

(b) Newton’s law of universal gravitation is represented by


Mm
F =G 2
r
where F is the gravitational force,
M and m are masses, and
r is a length.
Given that the dimensions of force is MLT–2.

What are the dimensions and SI unit of the proportionality constant G?


[Answer: (a) No; (b) L3M–1T–2, m3 kg–1 s–2]

3. The flow of a liquid with density ρ, round an obstacle of width b, changes from
streamline to turbulence when the critical speed v is reached. If η is the viscosity of the
liquid and given their relationship as below:
Cη
v=
bρ
where C is a dimensionless constant.

Deduce the dimension of η.


[Answer: ML–1T–1]

1
1
4. Jessica is studying the equation 𝑃 + 2 𝜌𝑣 2 = constant, where P is the pressure in the
fluid, p is the density of the fluid, vis the flowing speed of the fluid, g is acceleration
due to gravity and h is the height of the fluid from the ground. By using the method of
dimensional analysis, show that the equation is dimensionally correct.
[Answer: The equation is dimensionally correct]

5. Peter is standing at an initial coordinate of (15.0 m, -15.0 m). Then he moves to a final
coordinate of (12.0 m, 225°).

(i) Convert the initial coordinate into polar coordinate.

(ii) Compute the displacement covered by Peter.


[Answer: (i) (21.2m, 315°), (ii) 24.4 m]

6. (a) The Cartesian coordinate of a point in xy-plane is (x, y) = (4.00 m, –3.50 m).
Find the polar coordinate of this point.

(b) Convert the polar coordinate (r, θ) = (5.00 m, 137°) into Cartesian coordinate.

[Answer: (a) (5.32 m, 319°); (b) (–3.66 m, 3.41 m)]

Tutorial 1: Introduction – Extra

mgd 2T 2
7. What are the dimensions for the physical quantity expressed as , where m, g,
16 2l
d, T and l are the mass, acceleration due to gravity, distance, period and length
respectively.
A MT2 B ML2 C MLT2 D MLT–2
[Answer: B]

8. Suppose A = BC, where A has the dimension LM–1 and C has the dimension LT–1. What
is the dimension of B?
A TM–1 B L2T–1M–1 C TML–2 D L2TM–1
[Answer: A]

9. (a) The velocity of sound in medium of density ρ is given by the equation


k
v= ,
ρ
where k is a constant.

Deduce the dimension of k and state its unit in terms of SI base units.

(b) Suppose the speed of a sail-boat is given by an equation


vboat = k ql ,
where k is a dimensionless constant,
q is a constant with dimension, and
l is the length of the boat.
Find the dimension of the term q.
[Answer: (a) ML–1T–2, kg m–1 s–2; (b) LT–2]

2
10. Thermal energy Q absorbed or released by an object is given by the expression:
Q = mc
where m = mass
c = specific heat capacity
 = change in temperature of matter

(a) What are the SI units of specific heat capacity, c?


(b) If Y = c , what are the SI units of Y?
1 −1
[Answer: (a) J kg–1 K–1; (b) J 2
kg 2
]

11. The equation of de Broglie wavelength, λ is


h
λ=
mv
where h = Planck constant
m = mass
v = speed

(a) What are the dimensions for Planck constant?


(b) Write the base SI unit of Planck constant.
[Answer: (a) L2MT–1; (b) m2 kg s–1]
12. The speed limit on an interstate highway is posted at 75 mi/h. What is this speed in
(a) kilometers per hour
(b) feet per second
(c) meter per second?
[Answer: (a) 121 km/h; (b) 110 ft/s; (c) 33.5 m/s]

13. Four lengths have been measured and recorded as follows:


L1 = 3.427 m, L2 = 3.5 m, L3 = 0.333 m, L4 = 32.000 m
(a) What is the uncertainty in each measurement?
(b) What is the result if L1 + L2?
(c) What is the result if L1 + L3?
(d) What is the result if L1 – L3?
(e) What is the result if L2 – L1?
(f) What is the result if L1  L2?
(g) What is the result if L4  L3?
[Answer : (b) 6.9 m; (c) 3.760 m; (d) 3.094 m; (e) 0.1 m; (f) 12 m2; (g) 96.1]

3
14. The two hot air balloons in the following picture are 47.8 m and 61.2 m above the
ground. A person in the left balloon observes that the right balloon is 28.5° above the
horizontal.

What is the horizontal distance x between the two balloons?


[Answer: 24.7 m]

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