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Multi-Dimensional Arrays in C

C programming allows for multidimensional arrays with any number of dimensions. A two-dimensional array can be thought of as a table with rows and columns, where each element is accessed using two indices like arrayName[row][column]. Two-dimensional arrays can be initialized by providing values within nested braces for each row. Elements are accessed using the row and column indices, and a nested loop is commonly used to iterate through a two-dimensional array.

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19 views3 pages

Multi-Dimensional Arrays in C

C programming allows for multidimensional arrays with any number of dimensions. A two-dimensional array can be thought of as a table with rows and columns, where each element is accessed using two indices like arrayName[row][column]. Two-dimensional arrays can be initialized by providing values within nested braces for each row. Elements are accessed using the row and column indices, and a nested loop is commonly used to iterate through a two-dimensional array.

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Habiba Shifa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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5/19/22, 2:51 PM Multi-dimensional Arrays in C

Multi-dimensional Arrays in C

C programming language allows multidimensional arrays. Here is the general form of a


multidimensional array declaration −

type name[size1][size2]...[sizeN];

For example, the following declaration creates a three dimensional integer array −

int threedim[5][10][4];

Two-dimensional Arrays
The simplest form of multidimensional array is the two-dimensional array. A two-dimensional
array is, in essence, a list of one-dimensional arrays. To declare a two-dimensional integer array of
size [x][y], you would write something as follows −

type arrayName [ x ][ y ];

Where type can be any valid C data type and arrayName will be a valid C identifier. A two-
dimensional array can be considered as a table which will have x number of rows and y number of
columns. A two-dimensional array a, which contains three rows and four columns can be shown as
follows −

Thus, every element in the array a is identified by an element name of the form a[ i ][ j ], where 'a' is
the name of the array, and 'i' and 'j' are the subscripts that uniquely identify each element in 'a'.

Initializing Two-Dimensional Arrays


Multidimensional arrays may be initialized by specifying bracketed values for each row. Following
is an array with 3 rows and each row has 4 columns.

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5/19/22, 2:51 PM Multi-dimensional Arrays in C

int a[3][4] = {
{0, 1, 2, 3} , /* initializers for row indexed by 0 */
{4, 5, 6, 7} , /* initializers for row indexed by 1 */
{8, 9, 10, 11} /* initializers for row indexed by 2 */
};

The nested braces, which indicate the intended row, are optional. The following initialization is
equivalent to the previous example −

int a[3][4] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11};

Accessing Two-Dimensional Array Elements


An element in a two-dimensional array is accessed by using the subscripts, i.e., row index and
column index of the array. For example −

int val = a[2][3];

The above statement will take the 4th element from the 3rd row of the array. You can verify it in
the above figure. Let us check the following program where we have used a nested loop to handle
a two-dimensional array −
 Live Demo
#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

/* an array with 5 rows and 2 columns*/


int a[5][2] = { {0,0}, {1,2}, {2,4}, {3,6},{4,8}};
int i, j;

/* output each array element's value */


for ( i = 0; i < 5; i++ ) {

for ( j = 0; j < 2; j++ ) {


printf("a[%d][%d] = %d\n", i,j, a[i][j] );
}
}

return 0;
}

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5/19/22, 2:51 PM Multi-dimensional Arrays in C

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

a[0][0]: 0
a[0][1]: 0
a[1][0]: 1
a[1][1]: 2
a[2][0]: 2
a[2][1]: 4
a[3][0]: 3
a[3][1]: 6
a[4][0]: 4
a[4][1]: 8

As explained above, you can have arrays with any number of dimensions, although it is likely that
most of the arrays you create will be of one or two dimensions.

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