PUBLIC

SPEAKING
GROUP 2
 PUBLIC SPEAKING

Public speaking, also called oration or oratory, is the process of communicating

information to a live audience. The type of information communicated is deliberately
structured to inform, persuade, and entertain. Many people fear they suffer from a
public speaking weakness and lack the will to master the skill.
 INTRODUCTION
Public speaking is an important life skill, yet few people
master it. In fact, many people are afraid of speaking in
public. However, the significance of public speaking has
only gotten stronger in contemporary times. Public
speaking platforms, such as TED Talks and YouTube,
have captured and disseminated public speech to an
unprecedented scale, and what one says at the spur of
the moment can live forever on the Internet. Great
speeches have created hope in perilous situations, and
have made people change their minds about the world
and their places in it.
 INTRODUCTION
The importance of public speaking cannot be
denied. Great speeches have moved nations to
war and revolution; they inspire and move
people to act. What people say, and how they
say it, can get them elected in public office or
create a new movement in society. For the
Greeks, public speaking was political in nature,
and the spoken word was thought to be such an
important skill that citizens were taught the art
of rhetoric.
 PUBLIC SPEAKING

Public speaking is an art that has a wide range of cross-cultural influences throughout
history.
 great public speaking consists of three
components:
Impact:
Impactful by
Style: Substance: changing opinions,
minds, and hearts. An
Masterfully constructed A centralized theme impactful oration
by using words to to appeal and inspire results in a lingering
create text that is both the audience’s values effect on the
beautiful to hear and and ideals audience.
read.
 HISTORY OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
The most well-known public speaking traditions come from the West, specifically from
the Greco-Roman tradition. The Greeks studied the art of rhetoric on the island of Sicily,
and it began with a practical need. Their government had been overthrown, a new
democracy was formed, and the Greek courts were filled with clashing property claims.
The Greek teacher of rhetoric, Corax, and his student, Tisias, proceeded to help citizens
when it came to speaking persuasively in courts of law, and this led to the expansion of
the teaching of rhetoric to mainland Greece. According to Corax,a basic speech has three
parts, the introduction, evidence, and conclusion, and this simple organization of
speeches has endured throughout the ages (Morreale, 2010).
 HISTORY OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
Other famous Greek teachers were Protagoras, the father of debate, who made his
students argue for and against issues of the day, to sharpen their reasoning skills and
appreciate different sides of an issue. And there was the famous Greek philosopher,
Aristotle, also known as the father of modern communication. Aristotle wrote a treatise
entitled "Rhetoric," where he discussed the use of logos, pathos, and ethos, in the use of
persuasive speaking (Morreale, 2010).
 HISTORY OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
According to Grenville Kleiser (2009), in Successful Methods in Public Speaking, "The
great orators of the world did not regard eloquence as simply an endowment of nature,
but applied themselves diligently to cultivating their powers of expression." The most
famous orator in Ancient Greece was Demosthenes. In the beginning, he had many flaws
when it came to public speaking, chief among them were his stammer and weak voice.
According to Kleiser (2009), Demosthenes practiced earnestly by "declaiming on the
seashore with pebbles in his mouth, walking up and downhill while reciting," and that his
speeches were known for their deliberation and forethought.
 HISTORY OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
On the other hand, the most famous Roman orator was Cicero, whose eloquence was
described as a "resistless torrent" (Kleiser, 2009). Cicero was a statesman who argued
that the teaching of rhetoric should be considered an art form, and that this could be
useful in "all practical and public affairs." Cicero believed that in order to prepare a
speech, one should first think of one's listeners and their interests, and to use certain
strategies, such as using humor, questions, etc., to engage the audience (Morreale,
2010).
 HISTORY OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
The Roman lawyer and educator, Quintilian, also forwarded the idea that public speakers
should be ethical. According to Morreale (2010), the ideal speaker was "a good man
speaking well... a good speaker is ethical and of high character, and speaking well meant
being well-informed and presenting the speech effectively."
 HISTORY OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
The Philippines actually has its own tradition of public speaking. It is called different
words in different regions in the Philippines. According to Montemayor (n.d.), among the
Tagalogs, the Karagatan is said to be a game wherein youngmen and women duel with
each other using words when it comes to talking about love, while the “Huwego de
Prenda… is agame used to entertain guests and the bereaved family during wakes.”
During the American period, the more widely known Balagtasan as also staged, in order
to honor Francisco Balagtas, a well-known poet. The Balagtasan is “like an ordinary
debate, except that one has to reason and argue in verse. Two master poets are assigned
to defend the pros and cons of an issue, and a board of judges sits to determine the
winner.” At first, this whole enterprise was scripted and staged, but thereafter, they were
made in a more impromptu manner
 HISTORY OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
the Americans brought public education in the Philippines, they also brought their public
speaking traditions along with them. The Americans wanted to distinguish themselves
from the Spanish colonizers by emphasizing public education, and did so on a massive
scale. They did this using the medium of the English language, which has its own
peculiarities and forms, foremost among them is the dictum to be straightforward. It is
anchored on the public speaking tradition founded on westren Civilization, which is based
on the Greek and the Roman traditions
 EXAMPLES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
Speech to the Troops of Tilbury
Queen Elizabeth I
My loving people,

We have been persuaded by some that are careful of our safety, to

take heed how we commit our selves to armedmultitudes, for fear of
treachery; but I assure you I do not desire to live to distrust my faithful
and loving people. Let tyrantsfear. I have always so behaved myself
that, under God, I have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in
the loyal heartsand good-will of my subjects; and therefore I am come
amongst you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation
anddisport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to
live and die amongst you all; to lay down for my God, andfor my
kingdom, and my people, my honour and my blood, even in the dust.
I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the
heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too, and think
foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to
invade the borders of myrealm: to which rather than any dishonour
shall grow by me, I myself will take up arms, I myself will be your
general, judge,and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field. I
know already, for your forwardness you have deserved rewards and
crowns; and We do assure you in the word of aprince, they shall be
duly paid you. In the mean time, my lieutenant general shall be in my
stead, than whom never princecommanded a more noble or worthy
subject; not doubting but by your obedience to my general, by your
concord in thecamp, and your valour in the field, we shall shortly have
a famous victory over those enemies of my God, of my kingdom,and of
my people
 IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

• Public speaking skills are • Public speakers motivate their

useful in every area of life, listeners to make a change. It
could be to stop or start
from personal to professional.
something, try something new, or
reach their goals.
 IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

• Effective public speaking skills • Public speaking is important

have many direct benefits for because the speaker can
the individual speaker, including motivate others to go in the
influencing the world around
direction they wish, and the
you, developing leadership
speaker can motivate others to
skills, and becoming a go-to
person for ideas and solutions. be their best selves.
TOOLS NEEDED IN CRITICAL/CREATIVE REPORTS

In todays day and age, everyone is expected to be able to give critical and creative
reports. This includes lawyers, engineer, and government employees, not just those who
are working in the field of multimedia and arts. Modern technology has made it easier for
people to compliment their reports with arresting visual aids and helpful videos, and it has
helped tremendously in the spread of all kinds of information. To succeed in once
academic and professional life, one should able to master their report.
BEST PRACTICES IN PUBLIC SPEAKING

INTRODUCTION
What makes a speech electric? What makes a speech so effective it can make the
audience have goosebumps or make them flush in rage or joy? Some speeches can be so
effective they trigger adrenaline, while other speeches, just as effective, trigger a sense
of peace and calm in the midst of chaos. Great speakers have been called hypnotic,
magnetic, and charismatic, and this is not just because they have a compelling message,
but because of the captivating manner they deliver these speeches, as well.
 1. PERFORMANCE
- Speeches are performance and they are delivered best
when they have the feel of authenticity and earnestness.
People respond when they think that the one speaking is
being honest and can relate to the speaker in question.
Because of this, a sense of humor helps break the ice, and
strategic shows of vulnerability and concern can make an
audience feel closer to the speaker.
 2. PLAN OF SPEECH
- It is important to express oneself in an expressive and
articulate manner. It is best to choose one’s word
carefully, and to ensure that one’s speech builds on the
foundation of logos, pathos, and ethos. To come across as
articulate, one must also nurture a speaking style that is
effective, and this style varies from one person to another.
 3. EYE CONTACT
- One way of coming across as authentic is the ability to make
good eye contact with the audience, and to speak in a manner that
touches them. It is important to engage the audience, and eye
contact helps in doing that. Some people, however, have a hard
time making eye contact. Should this be the case, it would help to
pick out three people from the audience, place in a mental triangle
from ones position, and try to make eye contact with them instead
of the rest of the people in the room. I one is hesitant to look at
people’s eyes, one may look at their forehead instead: this creates
the illusion of making eye contact with people without actually
doing it. On the other hand, if one is comfortable making eye
contact, it would help to pick out people who seem friendly or
accommodating to look at, so that when one speaks, one feels
confident and at ease.
4. SPEAKING STYLES
- Different people have different speaking style, and one
can only find one’s personal style through constant
practice. Some people seem to be more effective when
they come across as calm, trustworthy, and reasonable,
and their hand gestures seem more open and thoughtful.
Others, on the other hand, can get away with burst of
passion and bombast, infecting the audience with their
fervor enthusiasm.
 Hand gestures Recording of the
- Whatever kind of speaker one speech for feedback
may be, it is always best to be
- One of the best practices in
more purposeful when it comes
public speaking is to videotape
to choosing hand gestures.
speakers, and then have these
Hand gestures can be useful
speakers watch themselves.

5. 6.
signpost in making a point, such
Some hand gestures are so
as the usual hand gestures of
exaggerated they look like
enumeration. They can signal
inclusiveness such as both policeman directing traffic, and
when both hands are stretched some people prepare their
towards the audience palm up, speeches with too much
or division, such as when there nervous laughter or fillers like
are sweeping gestures to “umms” and “uhhs” in their
indicate differences. speech.
 7. PEER EVALUATION
- Unfortunately not all schools have the mean to record
their students’ speeches. Should this be the case, it is
important to have discerning teachers, coaches, or peers
to provide feedback when it comes the effectivity of one’s
speech. It is not enough to be given a grade for speech, or
just be accorded high praise. Feedback from the people is
important, and this will be a great tool in improving one’s
speech and one’s speaking style in general. Observation
can range from the speaker’s posture, one’s facial
expression, and one general appearance. This can be also
done alone with the speaker rehearsing their speech in
front of the mirror
 Appearance Clothing
- When it comes to - Traditional audience often
appearance. It is important call for more formal
to look credible and worthy clothing, for men, this
of respect. In the real world, would men donning a suit
this depends a lot in one’s and tie at the most formal

8. audience, as the way one’s

dresses should match the 9. level, or at he very least,
the use of long sleeved
kind of audience one wants button-down shirts, slacks
to impress. Whether one’s and leather shoes. In the
audience are corporate Philippines the use of
clients or directors, this barong and slacks is
should have an influence on acceptable
the appearance one
present
 Good grooming Visual aids
- In addition, good - Since we live in a world
grooming is a must, and that is more dependent on
that extends to one’s hair to information technology, it
nails. As long as one looks has become de rigueur for

1O. 11.
neat and clean. That should audiences to expect
be enough to satisfy most speeches to be
audience’s requirement. accompanied with visual
aids, such as power point
presentation, video or audio
clips, and infographics.
 Hand outs Powerpoint presentation
- It would be best to -When it comes to the use of
have handouts ready powerpoint presentation, one
should ensure that the font size of
for one’s audience, so
the text is not too small. An
that members of the
acceptable size font would be type

13.
audience will not have
12. to scramble when
taking note during the
24 or larger, and the text should be
dark colors for easy to read. The
best powerpoint are not text-heavy
presentation, this instead they are visually oriented,
should be written which is why the use of
succinctly, and should photographs, Illustration, charts,
have appropriate and the like would better serve
citation. one’s use of the medium.
 Feedback Conclusion
Although the speech is a - In the end, public speaking is a
performance, it is also one dynamic performance that is
where the audience participate, meant to dissemble information,
often by the speaker asking create greater awareness, and
rhetorical or directing actual evoke emotions in the audience.

14. question to the audience. It is

always good to read the verbal
15. It is utilized by teachers,
lawyers, politician, and the like.
and non-verbal cues from the It has been used effectively to
audience, such as whether they promote human rights on the
agree with what one saying or street and to create policies in
whether they are resisting to government.
certain ideas, mirrored by their
use of body language
 Best Practices of Public Speaking
1.Engage with the audience 2. Maintain a confident mindset
A good oration should not be one-sided. It Public speaking in front of others can
is important to get your audience engaged. understandably be nerve-racking. We
The audience should be able to feel your often envision something terrible
power and presence. For example, words happening, such as an awkward pause or
such as “I think” or “maybe” limit the power forgetting what we were going to say.
that the speaker has. Instead, use words
However, it is important to know that these
such as “actually” or “in fact.” Introduce
thoughts cause us to be more nervous than
pauses in your oration to not only slow
we really should be. Stop thinking about
yourself down, but to give the audience a
your nervousness and fear and instead
chance to think about what you have said.
develop a winning mindset. Be confident in
An oration that is delivered too fast incites
confusion and ambiguity. yourself and do not self-sabotage.
 Overcoming the Fear of Public Speaking
Here are some tips for overcoming the fear of public speaking:
Organize your thoughts and materials.
Practice and prepare your speech
Eliminate your fear of failure by being confident in yourself.
Watch your facial expressions and body language in front of the mirror.
Record yourself and get used to your voice and speaking style.
Deliver your speech to another person.
Do some deep breathing and stay hydrated before speaking.
Incorporate strategic pauses to help regain composure and reduce anxiety.
Do not memorize your speech – rather, remember key points.
Related Readings
 TED TALKS
A TED talk is a recorded public-speaking
presentation that was originally given at the
main TED (technology, entertainment and
design) annual event or one of its many satellite
events around the world. TED is a nonprofit
devoted to spreading ideas, usually in the form
of short, powerful talks, often called "TED
talks."
 HISTORY OF TED TALKS
The TED organization was founded by Richard Saul Wurman,
and the TED conference was co-founded by Harry Marks in
February 1984.

The first TED conference was in 1984 and the conference has
been held annually since 1990. Initially, the focus of TED
conferences was technology, design and entertainment.

However, TED has broadened its focus in recent years to

include big ideas on a wider range of topics such as global
issues, business, education and heal
Examples of ted talks
Balikbayan by Michi Ferreol
The Future of Manila by Carlos
Michi Ferreol is now a graduate of Harvard
Celdran
Universty—although she was still a student at
Cultural activist and performance artist
this talk. She raises the issue of how "Brain
Carlos Celdran discusses how Manila
Drain" is a real problem that Filipinos are
defines him in his search for himself. With
facing, and how she wants to change the
visuals showing Manila then and now,
thinking that once you go abroad, it is “sayang”
Celdran explains the many changes
to go back to the Philippines. A self-confessed
across Manila—what we have done, and
idealist, she says she believes that the
still can do about them. Our favorite
Philippines can still overcome its present
nugget of wisdom? “Because if you really
issues, if only more Filipinos would devote their
can’t find beauty and poetry in Manila,
talents to the country.
you’ll never find it anywhere else.”