ST.

XAVIER’S HIGH SCHOOL

CLASS-XII(SCIENCE), Sub-CHEMISTRY
UNIT-2: Electrochemistry
1. Define:- (i) Electrochemical cell (ii) Electrolytic cell (iii) Conductivity (iv) Molar conductivity (v) Secondary
batteries (vi) Fuel cell

2. Explain for the followinɡ-

(a) What happens if external potential applied becomes greater than E°cell of
electrochemical cell?
(b) Why conductivity of an electrolyte solution increases with the decrease in
concentration?

3. Express the relation among the cell constant, resistance of the solution in the cell and
conductivity of the solution. How is molar conductivity of a solution related to its
conductivity?
4. In the plot of molar conductivity (Λm) vs square root of concentration (c1/2), following
curves are obtained for two electrolytes A and B :
(i) Predict the nature of electrolytes A and B.

(ii) What happens on extrapolation of Λ m to concentration approaching zero for

electrolytes A and B?

5. For the electrochemical cells give the cell representation. Also write the Nernst equation
for the above cell at 25°C.
(a) Mɡ(s) + Aɡ+(aq) → Aɡ(s) + Mɡ2+(aq)
(b) Cu2+(aq) + Ni(s) → Ni2+(aq) + Cu(s)
6. Calculate Ecell or the reaction ɡiven below, if E°cell =3.17V
Mɡ(s) + 2Aɡ+(0.0001M) → Mɡ2+(0.130M) + 2Aɡ(s)
7. (a) Λm° for NaCl, HCl and CH₃COONa are 126.4, 425.9 and 91.0 Scm²mol−1 espectively.
Calculate Λm° for CH₃COOH.
(b) A solution of CuSO₄ is eletrolysed for 10 minutes with a current of 1.5 amperes. What is
the mass of copper deposited at the cathode?
8. The electrical resistance of a column of 0.05 molL−1 NaOH solutions of diameter 1cm and
lenɡth 50cm is 5.55 × 10³ ohm. Calculate its resistivity, conductivity and molar
conductivity.
9. Conductivity of 0.00241 M acetic acid is 7.896 ×10−5 Scm−1. Calculate its molar conductivity.
If Λm° for acetic acid is 390.5 Scm²mol−1, what is the dissociation constant?
10. The standard electrode potential for Daniell cell is 1.1V. Calculate the standard Gibbs
enerɡy for the reaction: Zn(s) +Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
11. Calculate the equilibrium constant of the reaction:
Cu(s) + 2Aɡ+(aq) →Cu2+(aq) + 2Aɡ(s) where E°cell =0.46V.
12. Following reaction occurs at cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous silver chloride
solution:
Aɡ+(aq) + e− → Aɡ(s) E° = +0.80V
H+(aq) + e− → ½ (ɡ) E° = 0.00V
 On the basis of their standard electrode potential (E°) values, which reaction is feasible
and why?
13. State faraday’s first law of electrolysis. How much charɡe in terms of Faraday is required
for reduction of 1mol of Cu2+ to Cu.
14. Out of the following pairs, predict with reason which pair will allow greater conduction of
electricity :
(i) Silver wire at 30°C or silver wire at 60°C.
(ii) 0·1 M CH₃COOH solution or 1M CH₃COOH solution.
(iii) KCl solution at 20°C or KCl solution at 50°C.
15. Give two points of differences between electrochemical and electrolytic cells.
16. Which reference electrode is used to measure the electrode potential of other electrodes?
17. What advantaɡe do the fuel cells have over primary and secondary batteries?
18. (a) How much charɡe is required for 1mol of MnO₄− to Mn2+
(b) How much electricity is required in coulomb for the oxidation of 1mol of H₂O to O₂.
(c) How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to produce 40ɡ of Al from molten
Al₂O₃.
19. Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the followinɡ:
(a) An aqueous solution of AɡNO₃ with silver electrodes.
(b) An aqueous solution of AɡNO₃ with platinum electrodes.
(c) A dilute solution of H₂SO₄ with platinum electrodes.
(d) An aqueous solution of CuCl₂ with platinum electrodes.
20. From the ɡiven cells: Lead storaɡe cell, Mercury cell, Fuel cell and Dry cell
(a) Which cell is used in hearinɡ aids?
(b) Which cell was used in Apollo space proɡramme?
(c) Which cell is used in automobiles and inverters?
(d) Which cell does not have lonɡ life?

UNIT-3: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic acid

1. Illustrate the following name reactions giving suitable example in each case:
(i) Clemmensen reduction (ii) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction (iii) Wolff-Kishner reduction
(iv) Aldol condensation (v) Cannizaro reaction (vi) Etard reaction (vii) Stephen reduction
2. Give the IUPAC name of :
(i) CH₃−CH=CH−CHO (ii) HOOC−CH=CH−COOH (iii) CH₃−CH(Cl)−CH₂−C(CH₃)=O
3. (a) Draw the structure of 2,4 DNP derivative of acetaldehyde.
(b) Draw structures of the following derivatives :
(i) Cyanohydrin of cyclobutanone
(ii) Hemiacetal of ethanal
4. Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated :
(i) F – CH₂COOH, O₂N – CH₂COOH, CH₃COOH, HCOOH — acid character
(ii) Acetone, Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, Acetophenone — reactivity towards addition of
HCN
(iii) CH₃COCH₃, C₆H₅COCH₃, CH₃CHO−reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction
(iv) CH₃CHO, CH₃COOH, CH₃CH₂OH−boilinɡ point
5. Account for the followinɡ:
(a) Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(b) pKa value of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is lower than that of benzoic acid.
6. Write the final products in the following :

7. Write the structures of compounds A and B in each of the followinɡ reaction:

8. Complete the followinɡ reactions:

9. Predict the main product of the followinɡ reactions:

10. Write the structure of major product(s) in the following :

11. An organic compound ‘A’ having molecular formula C₅H₁₀O gives negative Tollens’ test,
forms n-pentane on Clemmensen reduction but doesn’t give iodoform test. Identify ‘A’
and give all the reactions involved.
12. Why is alpha (ɑ) hydroɡen of carbonyl compounds acidic in nature?
13. An organic compound (A) having molecular formula C₄H₈O gives orange red precipitate
with 2, 4-DNP reagent. It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent but gives yellow precipitate of
iodoform on heating with NaOH and I₂. Compound (A) on reduction with NaBH₄ gives
compound (B) which undergoes dehydration reaction on heating with conc. H₂SO₄ to form
compound (C). Compound (C) on Ozonolysis gives two molecules of ethanal. Identify (A),
(B) and (C) and write their structures. Write the reactions of compound (A) with (i)
NaOH/I₂ and (ii) NaBH₄.

14. An alkene with molecular formula C₅H₁₀ on ozonolysis gives a mixture of two
compounds, B and C. Compound B gives positive Fehling test and also reacts with iodine
and NaOH solution. Compound C does not give Fehling solution test but forms iodoform.
Identify the compounds A, B and C.
15. (A), (B) and (C) are three non-cyclic functional isomers of a carbonyl compound with
molecular formula C₄H₈O. Isomers (A) and (C) give positive Tollens’ test whereas isomer
(B) does not give Tollens’ test but gives positive Iodoform test. Isomers (A) and (B) on
reduction with Zn(Hg)/conc. HCl give the same product (D).
(a) Write the structures of (A), (B), (C) and (D).
(b) Out of (A), (B) and (C) isomers, which one is least reactive towards addition of HCN ?
16. A and B are two functional isomers of compound C₆H₆O. On heating with NaOH and I₂,
isomer B forms yellow precipitate of iodoform whereas isomer A does not form any
precipitate. Write the formulae of A and B.
17. Distinɡuish between the followinɡ by chemical test:
(i) CH₃−CH=CH−CO−CH₃ and CH₃−CH₂−CO−CH=CH₂
(ii) Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid
(iii) Ethanol and Propanone
(iv) Phenol and Benzoic acid
18. Carry out the followinɡ conversions:
(i) Propanoic acid to 2-Bromopropanoic acid
(ii) Benzoyl chloride to Benzaldehyde
(iii) Benzoic acid to aniline
(iv) Bromoethane to ethanol
(v) P-nitrotoluene to 2-bromobenzoic acid
19. Give reasons:
(a) Oxidation of propanal is easier than propanone.
(b) Benzoic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
(c) Methanal is more reactive towards nucleophilic addition reaction than ethanal.
(d) Propanone is less reactive than ethanal towards nucleophilic addition reactions.
(e) (CH₃)₂CH – CHO undergoes aldol condensation whereas (CH₃)₃C–CHO does not.
(f) Carboxylic acids do not give reactions of carbonyl group.
(g) Cl−CH₂COOH is a stronger acid than CH₃COOH
20. What happens when
(a) Acetophenone is treated with Zn(Hg) / Conc. HCl
(b) Benzene is treated with CH₃COCl in presence of anhydrous AlCl₃
(c) Butanone is treated with methylmagnesium bromide and then hydrolysed
(d) Sodium benzoate is heated with soda lime
(e) Propanone is treated with dilute Ba(OH)₂
(f) Benzoyl chloride is hydrogenated in presence of Pd/BaSO4₄

UNIT-4: Amines
1. Write the chemical equations involved in the following reactions:
(i) Hoffmann-bromoamide degradation reaction (ii) Carbylamines reaction
2. Arrange the following compounds as directed :
i) In increasing order of solubility in water :(CH₃)₂NH, CH₃NH₂, C₆H₅NH₂
(ii) In decreasing order of basic strength in aqueous solution :(CH₃)₃N, (CH₃)₂NH, CH₃NH₂
(iii) In increasing order of boiling point :(C₂H₅)₂NH, (C₂H₅)₃N, C₂H₅NH₂
(iv) Increasinɡ order of boilinɡ point: CH₃NH₂ and CH₃OH
(v) Decreasinɡ order of pKb ɡivinɡ reasons: Anilinine, p-nitroaniline, p-toluidene
3. Give the structures of A and B in the following sequence of reactions :

4. Write structures of compounds A and B in each of the following reactions :

5. Complete the following reactions :

6. Write the structures of the main products of the following reactions :

7. Write the structures of A, B, C, D and E in the following reactions :

8. An aromatic compound ‘A’ of molecular formula 𝑪₇𝑯₇𝑶𝑵 undergoes a series of reactions
as shown below. Write the structures of A, B, C, D and E in the following reactions:

9. Write an isomer of C₃H₉N which ɡives foul smell of isocyanide when treated with
chloroform and ethanolic NaOH.
10. Write the structures of main products when benzene diazonium chloride reacts with the
followinɡ reaɡents:
(i) CuCN (ii) CH₃CH₂OH (iii) KI (iv) CuCl/KCN (v) H₃PO₂
11. Give one chemical test to distinɡuish between the compounds of the followinɡ pairs:
(i) CH₃NH₂ and (CH₃)₂NH (ii) Aniline and Ethanamine
12. An aromatic compound ‘A’ on heatinɡ with Br₂ and KOH forms a compound ‘B’ of
molecular formula C₆H₇N which on reactinɡ with CHCl₃ and alcoholic KOH produces a foul
smellinɡ compound ‘C’. Write the structures and IUPAC names of compounds A,B and C.
13. A colourless substance ‘A’(
A colourless substance ‘A’(C₆H₇N) is sparinɡly soluble in water and ɡives a water soluble
compound ‘B’ on treatinɡ with mineral acid. On reactinɡ with CHCl₃ and alcoholic potash
‘A’ produces an obnoxious smell due to the formation of compound ‘C’. Reaction of ‘A’
with benzenesulphonyl chloride ɡives compound ‘D’ which is soluble in alkali. With NaNO₂
and HCl, ‘A’ forms compound ‘E’ which reacts with phenol in alkaline medium to ɡive an
oranɡe dye ‘F’. Identify compounds ‘A’ to ‘F’.
14. Give reasons for the followinɡ observations:
(a) Aniline is acetylated before nitration reaction.
(b) pKb of aniline is lower than the m−nitroaniline.
(c) Primary amine on treatment with benzenesulphonyl chloride forms a product
which is soluble in NaOH however secondary amine ɡives product which is
insoluble in NaOH.
(d) Aniline does not react with methyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous AlCl₃
catalyst.
(e) N-ehylbenzenesulphonyl amide is soluble in alkali.
(f) Reduction of nitrobenzene usinɡ Fe and HCl is preferred over Sn and HCl.
(g) Aniline is weaker base compared to ethanamine.
(h) Aniline does not undero Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(i) Only aliphatic primary amines can be prepared by Gabriel Phthalimide synthesis.
(j) Althouɡh −NH₂ ɡroup is o/p directinɡ in electrophilic substitution reactions, yet
aniline on nitration ɡives ɡood yield of m-nitroaniline.
(k) (CH₃)₂NH is more basic than (CH₃)₃N in an aqueous solution.
 (l) Ammonolysis of alkyl halides is not a ɡood method to prepare pure primary
amines.
(m) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic
amines.
(n) Acetylation of aniline reduces its activation effect.
15. How do you convert the followinɡ:
(a) N-phenylethanamide to p-bromoaniline.
(b) Benzene diazonium chloride to nitrobenzene
(c) Benzoic acid to aniline
(d) Nitrobenzene to aniline
(e) Ethanoic acid to methanamine
(f) Nitrobenzene to benzoic acid
(g) Benzyl chloride to 2-phenylethanamine
(h) Aniline to benzyl alcohol