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Lesson Notes Chromatography

Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures based on how their components move through a medium at different rates. It involves applying a sample to a strip of paper or chromatography plate and placing the paper in a solvent so the components travel up the paper at different speeds based on their solubility. This causes the components to separate into distinct bands called a chromatogram. Analyzing the distance each component travels allows identification of pure substances and quantification of components in a mixture.

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58 views2 pages

Lesson Notes Chromatography

Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures based on how their components move through a medium at different rates. It involves applying a sample to a strip of paper or chromatography plate and placing the paper in a solvent so the components travel up the paper at different speeds based on their solubility. This causes the components to separate into distinct bands called a chromatogram. Analyzing the distance each component travels allows identification of pure substances and quantification of components in a mixture.

Uploaded by

Shrika Balasubramanian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chromatography

Chromatography is a scientific technique used to separate and analyze different


components of a mixture based on their ability to move through a medium at
different rates. It also shows if a substance is pure.
Chromatography works if all the substances in the mixture dissolve in one
solvent.

Materials you will need:


Filter paper or chromatography paper
Markers or coloured pencils (water-soluble ink)
A small glass or plastic cup
Pencil
A solvent (water, rubbing alcohol, or acetone)
Procedure:
Prepare Your Paper:
Cut a strip of filter paper or chromatography paper about 1-inch-wide and 4-6
inches long.
Use a pencil to mark a line about 1 inch from the bottom of the paper. This is
where you will apply your coloured ink. This line is called the Baseline.
Apply Ink:
Use a marker or coloured pencil to draw a small dot or line just above the line
you marked on the paper. Make sure it is not too close to the paper's edge.
Develop the Chromatogram:
Pour a small amount of the solvent (water, rubbing alcohol, or acetone) into the
bottom of the cup so that it is just below the ink spot on your paper.
Place the paper in the cup, with the inked side above the solvent but not
touching it. The paper should be suspended in the cup with only the bottom part
dipped in the solvent. You may use a paper clip to hold the paper in place.
Observe and Wait:
As the solvent travels up the paper, it carries the ink with it. Different pigments
in the ink will move at different rates.
Watch the paper closely. You will notice the ink separating into different colours
or pigments. This is called a chromatogram (A chromatogram is a visual
representation of the results obtained from chromatography).
Record Your Results:
Once the solvent has nearly reached the top of the paper (or when you see good
separation of colours), carefully remove the paper from the cup.
Mark the Solvent front (the highest point reached by the solvent) with a pencil.
You can use a ruler to measure how far each colour travelled from the starting
line.
Analysis:
Different pigments in the ink move at different rates because the solubility of
each pigment in the solvent is different. More soluble pigments will move
further up the paper, while less soluble ones will stay closer to the starting
point.
Rf value (Retention factor value)
Retention factor = distance moved by compound ÷ distance moved by solvent
 These values are used to identify the components of mixtures.
 The Rf value of a particular compound is always the same
 Calculating the Rf value allows chemists to identify unknown substances
because it can be compared with Rf values of known substances under
the same conditions.

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