Praxis 2:

Planning & Site Analysis

Opportunities
In the brief for the new addition to Kingston University, there was a great wish to connect with the community and town
with an emphasis on an “open door policy”. It had to serve as a front door to the university and a “gateway to Kingston
upon Thames” (Grafton Architects, 2019).

Site Access: The site is extremely flat which means it is easily accessible for all types of users, and also makes transport
to the site easy. The location in the middle of city center means that the site benefits from excellent transport links. It is
very easy to access through public transportation, private vehicles, bike, or walking. Fig. 3a View from Penrhyn Road, Google Earth (2021)

The Royal Borough of Kingston has started a scheme called ‘Go Cycle’ , which is a major infrastructure transformation
project. The program is designed to “upgrade Kingston’s major highway routes to accommodate the latest cycling
infrastructure, while improving the flow of road users, cyclists, and pedestrians, and enhancing the environments
through which they travel.” (KingstonGov, 2020). To accommodate to this scheme, the pedestrian and bike routes
surrounding the site have been greatly improved, as shown in figure 3b. In addition, the building provides over 300 cycle
storage spots, and showers on two floors.
Fig. 3b Public Transport routes, Google Earth (2021)

Noise: Being situated on a busy roads, means there is a risk of high noise pollution. This is has partially been dealt with
through the use of concrete which is a noise blocking material. Inside, the ceilings have been covered with specially Bicycle paths pass by just outside the Town
House, making it very easy to access. As seen
made acoustic baffles which absorb excessive noise (RIBA, 2021). in figure 3a, there is also an opportunity to store
bikes right outside the building. There is also a
Outstanding features: The site is close to the River Thames, which meant there was a potential for views, overlooking the bus stop right outside the building, which makes
river and the city. This is been done by designing three cascading terraces on the highest levels of the building. it easy to get using public transport.

Neighboring buildings: The surrounding townscape is very mixed in building style, period and typology, and therefore the
KU Town House doesn’t need to be adapted to a certain style to fit in.

Kingston University plays an important role in the local economy by providing education, employment, training, and a
range of facilities and events available to the community. Therefore, it was important that the new development had to
be of high quality, so that it would appropriately reflect the towns image.

4
Constraints
Noise: Situated in a housing area, which means the noise levels and activities happening around the town house
need to be considered to not disturb neighbors.
Additionally, the building is placed on a busy road which means there is a great deal of noise pollution. Pollution
from vehicles passing by may also need to be considered, for example smog and car emissions, and the effects
this may have on the appearance of the building.

Outstanding features: The site is adjacent to Surrey County Hall and other significant buildings for the town,
which should be considered in the design. This has been done by partially cladding sections of the building in
reconstituted stone, which reflects the Portland stone that is used in the cladding of Surrey county hall, shown in
figure 4. (Willmott Dixon, 2019)

Sustainability: Building the new KU Town House involves the demolition of an existing D1 building (Kingston Town
Planning, 2015). Fig 4. Surrey County Hall, AvisonYoung (n.d.)

Materiality / Sustainability
Concrete: The concrete is constructed with a thermally active system which allows the building to be cooled through a concrete frame, and it also means that the
concrete is not only structural but also environmental. (VIDEO). All the significant fixtures on the building are durable and can be repaired, dismantled, and reused.

BREEAM: The Town House is rated BREEAM Excellent. “BREEAM is an international scheme that provides independent third party certification of the assessment of
the sustainability performance of individual buildings, communities and infrastructure projects.” (Breeam, 2020), with an excellent rating being the second highest
ranking.
Sustainability features include solar panels, a Thermally Active Building System for cooling, a Sustainable Urban Drainage System, two roof gardens on the top
floors, and several brown roofs which absorb rainwater and enrich biodiversity.

Mental as well as physical well-being is promoted by ensuring natural light and excellent air quality within the building.

An ecological appraisal was made during the application, which identified the site ranked low in ecological importance. This is because it mainly consists of
hardstanding and the existing building. (Kingston Town Planning, 2015)

5
 Fig 5. Site Map, Egeskov (2021)
Site map 1:1000
Showing the easy access routes to site, which is highlighted in green.

6
 Jessica Perry Jones / 19122093

TASK 02 KEY OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS :

Fig.J Perry Jones, J. (2021) Site Aanalysis Diagram for the area surrounding the Everyman Theatre.

KEY OPPORTUNITIES
- North-west of the site is a pedestrian crossing that attracts a lot of foot traffic to the west
elevation. This is a major opportunity to provide means of inviting people into the building, or to
provide advertisement for what the building’s purpose is or what is showcased within the building.

- The topography of the site is reasonably flat, so the ground floor of the site will be accessible
by wheelchairs and walking frames.

- North of the site is Mount Pleasant: a popular bus route. This means that people will frequently
pass through the area around the site, and it could provide an opportunity to draw customers or
people in from the north of the site.

- On Mount Pleasant, there are numerous university-owned buildings, and a few pubs and
restaurants. This could attract university students and young-people to the area of the site, and
provide the opprotunity to market towards these people.

KEY CONSTRAINTS
- North-west of the site is a pedestrian crossing that frequently causes traffic to build up along
Hope Street. This could contribute to noise pollution on the north-west elevation of the site. To
combat this, within the design they could have a feature that reduces the effect of this noise
pollution, such as window glazing.

- Alongside possible noise pollution caused by the build-up of traffic, air pollution could be a
constraint.

- To the north of the site is Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral: it is a tall and imposing building that
exhibits a distinct style. This could have been a constraint in terms of constricting architectural
styles during the design process.
SCALE 1:1500

HISTORY OF THE SITE

The building where the Everyman Theatre sits was originally
constucted as Hope Hall in 1837: a dissenter’s chapel.

In 1841, the church was dedicated to St. John the Evangelist.

In 1853, the building become Hope Hall Cinema - the first time the
purpose of the space served as a performance space. It continued
as Hope Hall Cinema before it closed in 1963.

Before it closed, the building had become more popular with local
artists and musicians. Therefore, in 1964 the Everyman Theatre
was opened. It was infrequently open between 1975 and 1977 for
the building to be rebuilt.

The Everyman Theatre has been managed by the Liverpool

Playhouse since 2004.
Fig.I Landmark International Group Ltd and Crown Fig.I Landmark International Group Ltd and Crown Fig.I Landmark International Group Ltd and Crown Fig.I Landmark International Group Ltd and Crown
Copyright (2021) FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY. Copyright (2021) FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY. Copyright (2021) FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY. Copyright (2021) FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
ARC5043 PRAXIS: Technical Portfolio
PAGE 4
 Jessica Perry Jones / 19122093

TASK 02 KEY OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS :

LIVERPOOL METROPOLITAIN CATHEDRAL

A tall and imposing building that exhibits a distinct architectural style that could cause
constraints on daylight and wind patterns.

LOWER BUILDING HEIGHTS WHERE THE LAND IS FLAT

A higher concentration of buildings and people at a lower level. A building this height
would be uniform and suited.

Fig.K Google Earth (2021) Everyman Theatre, Liverpool.

ARC5043 PRAXIS: Technical Portfolio

PAGE 5
 Jessica Perry Jones / 19122093

TASK 02 KEY OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS :

ENTRANCE ON HOPE STREET

An entrance to the Everyman Theatre, accessible from Hope Street. This also acts as a fire exit.

Fig.L Perry Jones, J. (2021) Everyman Theatre.

ENTRANCES ON HOPE STREET

An series of glass doors facing out to Hope Street. These give access to the Everyman Theatre. The doors also provide the opportunity to advertise
upcoming events and shows, and to attract potential customers and people who are walking along Hope Street or Mount Pleasant.

Fig.M Perry Jones, J. (2021) Everyman

PEDESTRIAN CROSSING ON HOPE STREET

A pedestrian crossing that is adjacent to the entrances on Hope Street (pictured and annotated above). This draws in frequent foot traffic, but sometimes
causes a build-up of traffic. This can contribute to noise and air pollution: two possible deterrents of potential customers.

ARC5043 PRAXIS: Technical Portfolio

PAGE 6 Fig.N Perry Jones, J. (2021) Everyman Theatre.
 ALEXANDER MEWIS | 20130332 | ARC5043

Task 2 Site Constraints

River Trent and River Tame running through site as well as Quarry lakes

Site analysis and Planning - This creates a potential flood risk and therefore certain areas of the site that can’t be
built upon

Tarmac Alrewas Sand and Gravel Quarry adjacent to site

- Creates noise and dust pollution for surrounding areas

Site Opportunities Site close to main roads and railway

Over 25,000 trees planted over 150 acres of green space - Creates noise and air pollution

- Creates habitats for wildlife Existing site was already in use

- Offsets the building’s carbon footprint
- Construction window was only 50 weeks to ensure the centre was built in time for
Easy accessibility around site Armistice day
- The arboretum had to remain open during this time for annual remembrance events
- Gradual changes in levels around site and the daily chapel service, which could not at all be disrupted
- Public access to building is on one level only
Figure 6 - Flood risk levels on site
- This particularly benefits any limbless veterans or elderly that
come to the site. Whilst also allowing an easy route for tour
buggies that visit the memorials

Site close to main road

- Good connections to A38

- Well signed to encourage more visitors and therefore more
potential donations to the centre

Few nearby buildings

- Minimal traffic around site

River Trent and River Tame running through site

- Creates habitat for various aquatic wildlife

Future opportunity for site - abundance of land (150 acres)

High Medium Low Very Low
“they’re looking to create a COVID-19 memorial by re-
landscaping the larger quarry lake” - NMA site worker

Task 2 5
 ALEXANDER MEWIS | 20130332 | ARC5043

Task 2 6
 ALEXANDER MEWIS | 20130332 | ARC5043

Task 2 7
 ALEXANDER MEWIS | 20130332 | ARC5043

Extract from letter composed by

a Senior Planning Officer of the
Lichfield District Council

Railway running through site - noise

pollution

Location of Remembrance centre

adjacent located such that it
quarry has good connections
to road, whilst also
keeping an appropriate
distance away from
flood zones

Task 2 8
Task 2: Site Analysis & Planning

10
Location Ecological Ground Transport

The Turner Contemporary Gallery site Opportunities Opportunities Opportunities

is approximately 0.51HA in area and is -The proposed site for construction of -Mostly located on the previously existing -The traffic impact analysis shows that
located adjacent to the harbour at The the centre comprises almost entirely car park, the site only has small areas the Turner Contemporary Gallery and the
Rendezvous site to the northwest of of existing tarmacadam surfaced car of vegetation with no specific botanical closure of the rendezvous car park will
Margate “Old Town” Conservation area, parking. interest. typically not have a significant impact on
which is considered as an “Area in need -Due to lack of suitable habitat, the the local highway network throughout the
of special action”. presence of any reptiles are considered Constraints year.
unlikely. -Based on soil analysis, contamination
- As there are no freshwater bodies on or associated with human health risks were Constraints
close to the site, it is considered that the identified within the site. -The proposed site is located in a
Flood Risk
habitat is not suitable for any amphibians. -Due to the contaminated soil, the site designated area of urban coast and
-The location for the proposed centre carries significant risk to construction coastal park initiative. The adjacent
Opportunities

- Ali Arat 19129584 - Most of the text is directly taken from the planning application documents (online).
lacks any suitable features or habitat workers. coastline is designated as a SSSI special
-The RFRA for the South East Plan
where birds might nest. -The Made Ground is not a suitable bearing protection area Ramsar site. The Old
completed in November 2006, does not
-There are not expected to be any stratum without some form of ground Town, to the south and east, is protected
identify Margate as having significant
significant impacts on local populations of treatment. as a conservation area.
flood risk issues.
protected species or notable biodiversity - Driven piles are unlikely to be permitted -The proposal does conflict with the
-Buildings used for museums/art centres
other than the wading birds and chalk adjacent to sensitive structures such as policies TR10 “Coach Parking” and TR17
are considered as less vulnerable by
reef. the southern retaining wall and Droit “Retention of existing car parking’ of the
the flood risk vulnerability classification;
house. local plan through the removal of the
therefore, turner contemporary does not
Constraints -Due to the contamination, the waste and rendezvous car and coach park.
struggle with the permission to build
-It is considered that the proposed soil disposal protocols were increased.
within the selected site.
development will directly impact on Affects On Design
-The site is high enough not to be flooded
the already small population of Purple Affects On Design -Forth hill dual-carriageway was
by still water levels.
Sandpipers. -The contaminated soil was left in place converted into a single carriageway in
-There is an existing seawall that protects
-The ecology studies focus on two main beneath buildings and paved areas that order to provide necessary space for the
the site.
areas of potential concern: the wading would prevent humans from coming into gallery site to cut into the embankment
birds and the chalk reef. contact with the contaminants. behind The Rendezvous.
Constraints
-The shore may have an indirect impact -Additional equipment to protect the
- Although not significant, the site still has
by way of dust or run-off from the works. construction workers were introduced, -Information above is taken from
flood hazards that come from large waves
-The site during and after construction increasing the construction cost. “Transport Assessment” (Jones S, 2007)
in combination with high sea levels,
needs to provide suitable roosting for
causing over topping of the seawall.
Turnstone, Sanderling and Redshank. -Information above is taken from “Turner
Contemporary, Margate Report On Ground
Affects On Design
Affects on design Investigation” (Brown E M, and Tucker T,
-The issue of flood risk has been given
-Alternative roost sites were provided for 2007)
substantial consideration throughout the
the wading birds.
design process. In response to possible
-The centre was relocated in order to
flooding issues on the site, at the feasibility
remove the direct impact on the wading
stage, the first strategic design decision
birds.
was to locate the building as far away
-The construction site was removed
from the existing seawall as possible.
from the beach in order to reduce the
-The building was raised to a “safe” level
disturbance to Turnstones.
of possible flooding.
-A construction of an island that serves as
-Through a desktop study and physical Areas of Roosting
a construction site was proposed in order
testing of a scaled model, areas of
to create a separation from the sources of
potential risk or “weak spots” with regard
disturbance to the wading birds.
to possible flooding were identified.
-The works to construct the centre was
-The building was positioned on a plinth
arranged so that as much as possible of Areas of contaminated soil
and consisted of two floors.
the work most likely to cause disturbance
to the winter roost, takes place during
-Information above is taken from “Turner
the summer when the majority of the
Contemporary Flood Risk Assessment
birds will have migrated to the breeding
Report 2007” (HR Wallingford, 2007)
grounds.

-Information above is taken from

“Ecological Scoping Survey Impact
Assessment” (Lloyd Bore Landscape
Architects, 2007)

Areas of contaminated soil

Turner Contemporary

Listed Structures

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0m 11
Scale1 :1 25 0
Key opportunities and constraints

1:2500 1:2500

Figure Ground Map showing the surrounding building density

Preserving Green Space:

Key opportunities and constraints of the site: From the map above you can see how much green space there is around the site.
When the plans were proposed it was clear that the size of this building would take
Flooding up quite a lot of this green space. A solution would be to raise the building in some
places so that it does not take up the actual green space. This was achieved as the
Preserving green space building only touches/takes up parts of this floor space.

Non-intrusive to its surroundings

Non-intrusive to its surroundings:
The Swiss System of Land Use Planning is performed on four levels:

National Level
Cantonal Level
Regional Level
Local Level
On all levels master plans determine the strategic planning policy. On the re-
gional level the master plan is substantiated with details on land usage. On the
local level land use planning in a narrower sense is performed. The site in which the building is situated is quite flat so the architects have
seen this as an opportunity to try and create a landscape with the actual build-
ing. Therefore, the building takes a curved form, creating the illusion of a hilly
landscape. This has also been done as it overlooks the Swiss Alps so it also
Figure 4 resembles this iconic mountain range.

Flooding: Its single storey also allows the buildings behind it to still overlook the lake and
Alps making it non-intrusive (shown in figure 3).
The darker the shade of purple shown, the higher the water level is predict-
ed to rise during a flood.
It is clear that from these three factors of flooding, preserving green space and
It is clear that the site has potential flooding issues as there are quite a lot of being non-intrusive to its surroundings that a good solution would be to raise
dark purple areas in and around it. Perhaps the building has been raised at the building which is where the idea of its curvature form originates from. All
certain points in order to avoid these water issues as the dark purple areas these constraints has given the architects the opportunity to come up with this
are where the building rises. curvature form as it helps to solve all of these problems in a innovative and
Figure 3 subtle way.
3
Satellite image showing how close the building is the Lake
5
 POTENTIAL

6
7
8
9
10
Week 2: Planning & Site Analysis
Planning systems in Palestine
The Palestinian National Authority was established following the Oslo Peace Agreement in 1994, and they were responsible for civil matters – including urban planning, a sector further split into three

different levels regarding different areas of planning, such as “municipal and village councils” (Moghayer, 2017). The West Bank and Gaza Strip had been subdivided into areas labelled as either

“A”, “B” or “C” areas; the “B” areas, which includes Birzeit, have their civil matters controlled by the PNA but their security controlled by Israel (The Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem, 2012).

Despite this, many areas of Palestine have restricted access in terms of construction, since the Israeli authorities would often “[designate] large swaths of land as state land, survey land, firing zones,

nature reserves and national parks” and therefore inhibit construction of any kind (Al Jazeera, 2019). The original intention was for the museum to be built in Jerusalem, for example, but this was

not possible due to the restrictions placed on it as a part of Israel’s territory. Instead, the land eventually given to build the Palestinian museum on was offered by Birzeit University, although plans

remain for the museum to branch out into other areas including Jerusalem, if permitted (Palestinian Museum, n.d.).

Site opportunities
- Location at top of hill

- Features large windows overlooking gardens and surrounding landscape

- Integration of landscape into approach to building

- Historic landscape

- Referenced in building and terrace designs

- Fruit trees and plants provide a pleasant atmosphere and showcase the location’s history

- Nearby quarries

- Local limestone used in exterior cladding and paving

- Very few nearby buildings

- Unobstructed views from windows

Site constraints
- Uneven site

- Entrances on both floors

- Arrangement of primary spaces on first floor

- Hot climate

- Climate controlled gallery spaces

- Aluminium fins on windows act as shading

- Concrete walls and stone floors help to cool interior spaces

- Solar panels used to heat water

- Dry climate

- Use of rainwater collection systems for irrigation

- Use of grey- and black-water treatment (Hecht, 2017)

Ground floor plan at scale 1:500 First floor plan at scale 1:500

0 5 10 20 30 40 50m 0 5 10 20 30 40 50m

ARC5043 S19112553 2
ARC_5043 TASK 2
Opportunity Opportunity
Rue St Martin was closed to traffic and pedestrianised The architects were able to design a building with flexibility at
in order to improve the quality of the piazza in front its core. The design provides 5 uninterrupted levels free of any
of the Pompidou centre. The architect’s intent was vertical interruptions, with structure and mechanical services
to allow cafes, restaurants and shops to spill out and people’s movement on the outside, a lobby and a basement
onto the street. The Pompidou centre formed the key level. Such flexibility has ensured the building’s success as a
part of a regeneration scheme- pedestrianising this cultural institution. The louvre museum is close to site so the
road improved the walkability of the area and street building had strong competition from the outset. It was therefore
life- thereby adding to the public realm outside of the vital that the building be dynamic so that it could evolve with
building design. The Rogers + Piano submission was changing culture and people’s needs. This design strategy has
the only one to make use of only half the square, and been successful, wth the centre being one of the most visited in
was a contributing factor in their design winning the the country.
competition.

Constraint
Using only half the given site meant that the architect’s
had to devise a novel solution to meet the floor area
required from the brief. Their solution was to maximise
the remaining space by placing the services on the
exterior of the building, so as to maximise usable floor
space.

Constraint
Opportunity
The Beauborg area is not flat. The site itself sits upon a slope, with the ground floor at Rue Renard higher than that of the Piazza and
The brief called for a modern cultural centre. This,
Rue St Martin. To solve this constraint the architects gave the piazza a gentle slope that provides accessibility to all- there are no stairs.
along with a large government funded budget, gave
This gentle slope ceases before the start of the building’s structure, where the ground plain levels out- this level is continued into the
the architects the freedom to be bold and innovative
building and forms the lobby floor. Approaching from the other side, the ground level enters the building on to a mezzanine level, within
with their design. The exposed structure and glazed
the lobby itself. The two ground levels are thus connected and dealt with within the building. The two levels are connected by a series
curtain wall simultaneously reveal the medieval
of escalators. A drawback to this design solution was that it makes the core idea of flexibility impossible on the lobby or ground level.
Parisian grain and the High-tech modern style of
Therefore, the entire floor is mostly inflexible and of limited use as a flexible space for various purposes. The architect’s have resolved
the centre. This helps to imbed the design into its
this issue by placing many non-flexible functions on this level. For instance, shops, the ticket office, the reception, and a cafe. It may be
historical context, despite the obvious disparity in
appropriate therefore to consider the lobby level a continuation of the piazza rather than as a true level of the centre.
mateiality, scale, and intent. Viewing the inside-out,
flexible, functional, mechanical centre at the same
time as the medieval grain speaks to the centre’s
intention of a place for modernity to reside.

Constraint
Building within historically significant surroundings
can prove challenging to designers. Normal practice
is to ‘blend’ the new design within the existing context
in order to prevent discordance or ‘detraction’ from
a coherent whole. This typicial constraint was largely
ignored by the architects, the result being a building in
complete opposition to the historic grain surrounding
it. The site was a car park before construction of the
new building began- this meant that no significant
historical features or elements had to be disrupted
or destroyed. The building therefore added to the
public realm without detracting from it. The act of
destruction would have imbued the design with an
atmosphere of superiority and hostility towards the
historic identity of the area- instead, the building is
able to rest within these surroundings, different, but
friendly and welcoming. It therefore continues and
expands upon the existing cultural identity, rather than
suppressing and supplanting it.

3
THE ARCUS CENTRE FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE

BY BLESSING MUDZAMIRI
BA [HONS] ARCHITECTURE Level 5
ARC5043 Praxis: Management Practice & Law
S19157447
TABLE OF CONTENTS: SITE ANALYSIS AND PLANNING AND LEGISLATION:

SITE ANALYSIS:

SITE LOCATION MAPS,ARCHITECTS INTENTIONS

01
PLANNING AND LEGISLATION:

PLANNING PROCESS,PLANNING PORTAL, INSIGHT MAPPING, THE NATIONAL PLANNING

POLICY FRAMEWORK, OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS, ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS
AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

HEALTH AND SAFETY CDM:

FALLS ON THE SAME LEVEL: (SLIPS, TRIPS AND FALLS)

FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SLIPPING AND FALLING, RISK ASSESSMENTS AND

02 SOLUTION

FIRE STRATEGY:
FIRE STRATEGY:

03 STRATEGY IN THE BUILDING ,THE COMBUSTIBLE BAN REVIEW AND HORIZONTAL

CIRCULATION IN THE BUILDING

ACCESS AND INCLUSION:

INCLUSIVE DESIGN:

04 MEANS TO ACCESS THE BUILDING,MOBILITY, VISUAL IMPAIREMENT AND SENSORY

OVERLOAD AND POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES OF THE DESIGN.

COST:

05 COST CHARTS
SITE LOCATION:

Fig.2 United States of America map Fig.3 Map showing Michigan Fig.4 Map showing Arcus Centre’s Location

The Arcus Centre is in Kalamazoo which is a city that is at the southwest re-
The Arcus Centre is in Michigan which is in America. The Major cities in Michigan are : gion of the Michigan. USA
Michigan is the 10th most populous US state with a population of 9.98 million Detroit, Grand Rapids (Michigan’s second largest city), Warren, Sterling
(est. 2019) Heights, Lansing, Ann Arbor, Flint, Dearborn, and Livonia.
The state’s capital is Lansing, the largest city is Detroit. Race and Ethnic groups:

The population of Michigan is composed of White alone 74.9%, African Amer-

ican 14.1%, Hispanic or Latino 5.2%, Asian 3.4%, and Native American 0.7%.
[3]
SITE LOCATION:

Site Contours

The building was designed to respond to its’ adjacent physical contexts and unites all three
views.

Road outlines
THE ARCHITECTS INTENTIONS AND WHY SOCIAL JUSTICE?

Fig.5 Jean Gang Fig.6 Cordwood Masonry Fig.7 Protest

The architect for this Project was Jean Gang from Studio Gang. The Client One of the reasons why the architect chose to use the material was “Social justice is a concept of fair and just relations between the individual
was Kalamazoo College which is in Michigan. They wanted the architect to because that the material represented diverse cultures. and society as measured by the distribution of wealth, opportunities for
design a building for their department of Social Justice. This building not The architect also wanted to use that material so that it reduces carbon personal activity, and social privileges.”.Wikipedia
only is used for educational purposes but also a venue for conferences pollution.
that share the same drive of the topic. Intended to put human rights issues They wanted to revive an old technique which was cordwood masonry and When we accept that inequality exists and work together to end racial
out of “invisible places” and into public consciousness The architect tried mix it with contemporary technology injustice and structural inequities, we increase the hope of a fairer
to create a framework that would “incarnate the idea of social justice in world.”—The Arcus Center for Social Justice Leadership
every way from the outside to the inside.” The architect was very passionate about the subject, as she promotes
climate (environmental justice and cooperates with organic materials as
Social Justice.... much as she can to save the environment.)

“Social justice respects the intrinsic equality of all people and ideals of
every life in the same way. It calls for both personal reflection and social
reform to ensure that each of us has the right and the ability to succeed in
our societies, irrespective of our identities.
PLANNING AND LEGISLATION: THE PLANNING PORTAL:

When you need an approval for constructing a building or extending a house, the process you go through
is calling Planning.

Having to go through this process means that you are fully complying to current law and legislations that
are put in place so that you avoid harming the environment (if it is in a sustainable route).

“Planning preserves listed buildings to stop them from getting demolished and keeping the history of the
city. Rebecca Walker”.

Planning is controlled by legislation :

• Town and Country Planning Act 1990(as amended)

• Planning and Compensation Act 1991
• Planning (Listed Building and conservation Areas) Act 1990
• Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004
• Planning Act 2008

Diagram.2

The Planning Portal would list all planning applications that have been made on the site. It gives the
Diagram.1 full history of the site and it stores up to 20 years.

Applications are done by submitting them to the local authority. As a future architect if I need more historical information I would ring the planning portal and ask
Developments like the Arcus Centre would get a pre-application advice from the council which is a paid them for previous history of/for more than 20 years. Whatever project I pursue on behalf of a client, be
service you pay for. it a housing project or commercial.
In the pre-application the architect for the Arcus Centre would show the basic principles of the design to
see if it allowed on the site. The Planning portals application suite provides facilities and detailed planning and building
regulation advice that will ensure that I remain compliant across the project lifecycle, helping me to
An Outline application is then submitted to the council and another level of detail that you apply for e.g complete on schedule and within budget.
an outline for scale, landscaping . The outline only lets you reserve matters but it doesn’t mean you get
application. If Arcus Centre was getting in a conservation area, its process would go under a conservation area
approval.
The Full application covers all those things and has different few outline is cheaper than a full approval and
in most cases architects normally go for outlines. The members of the committee make a decision and in accordance with Part 1 of the Localism Act
2011, each local authority adopts a local code of conduct which sets out guidelines for the conduct
The Requirements would be: of members in the performance of their official duties.

Application fee The local planning authority, is a written notice of decision, formally notify the applicant of its
Drawings and forms decision.
Specialist reports :Transport, noise, ecology

The time frame takes up 8 (small) developments or 13 (major developments) week application period
PLANNING AND LEGISLATION:

INSIGHT MAPPING: THE NATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK:

Guide to Use Classes Order in England (30 May 2013)

The table below is intended as general guidance only. Reference needs to be made to the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987 (as amended)
and The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995 (as amended).
Please feel free to contact NLP should you require advice.

A1
Shops
Shops, retail warehouses,
post offices, ticket and travel
Permitted change to a mixed use as
A1 & up to 2 flats C1 Hotels, boarding and guest
houses (where no significant
Permitted change to state-funded
school (and back to previous
NB: Any building in any Use Class (with limitations and conditions) can be used as a state-
funded school for 1 academic year.
agencies, sale of cold food for Temporary permitted change Hotels element of care is provided) lawful use)
consumption off premises, (2 years) for up to 150 sq.m to NB: Where planning permission granted after 5 December, 1988, permitted development
hairdressers, funeral
directors, hire shops, dry
A2,A3,B1 (interchangeable with
notification)
C2 Residential accommodation
and care to people in need
Permitted change to state-funded
school (and back to previous
rights allow the use to be changed to another use granted permission at the same time
for a period of ten years from the date of planning permission: GPDO (1995) as amended
cleaners, internet cafes Residential of care, residential schools, lawful use) Schedule 2 Part 3 Class E.
Institutions colleges or training centres,
A2 Banks, building societies, Permitted change to Class A1 hospitals, nursing homes
Financial and
Professional
estate and employment
agencies, professional
where there is a display window at
ground floor level and to a mixed
C2a Prisons, young offenders’ Permitted change to state-funded Sui Generis Includes theatres, large
HMO (more than 6 people
No permitted change
except casino to D2
services (not health or use for any purpose within Class A2 institutions, detention school (and back to previous (uses which do not fall within sharing), hostels, petrol filling
Services medical services), betting & up to 2 flats Secure Residential centres, secure training lawful use) stations, shops selling and/
the specified use classes
offices Institutions centres, custody centres, above) or displaying motor vehicles,
Temporary permitted change (2
short term holding centres, scrap yards, retail warehouse
years) for up to 150 sq.m to A1,
secure hospitals, secure local clubs, nightclubs, launderettes,
A3, B1 (interchangeable with
authority accommodation, taxi or vehicle hire businesses,
notification)
military barracks amusement centres, casinos,

A3 Restaurants and cafes Permitted change to Class A1

where there is a display window at C3 Use as a dwellinghouse
(whether or not a main
Permitted change to C4
funfairs, waste disposal
installations
Food and Drink ground floor level and Class A2
Dwellinghouses residence) by
Temporary permitted change (2
years) for up to 150 sq.m to A1,
a) A single person or by Other Agricultural buildings See 2013 GPDO
amendment for flexible
A2, B1 (interchangeable with
notification)
people to be regarded
as forming a single changes changes to A1, A2, A3,
B1, B8, C1, D2 (subject
household
of use to limitations and
A4 Public houses, wine bars or
other drinking establishments
Permitted change to A1, A2 or A3
Temporary permitted change (2
b) Not more than six
residents living together
conditions including
some prior approval
Drinking as a single household requirements)
Establishments years) for up to 150 sq.m to A1,
A2, A3, B1 (interchangeable with where care is provided for
notification) residents; or
c) Not more than six
A5 For the sale of hot food
for consumption off the
Permitted change to A1,A2 or A3
Temporary permitted change (2
residents living together
as a single household
Hot Food premises. Leeds
Takeaways years) for up to 150 sq.m to A1, where no care is provided
A2, A3, B1 (interchangeable with to residents (other than 0113 397 1397
notification) use within Class C4)
London
B1 a) Office other than a use
within Class A2
Permitted B1 change to Class B8
subject to total floorspace being no
C4 Use of a dwelling house by
3-6 residents as a ‘house in
Permitted change to C3
020 7837 4477
greater than 500 sq.m Houses in multiple multiple occupation’ (HMO
Business b) Research and
occupation NB Large HMOs (more than Manchester
development of products B1(a)office permitted change to C3
or processes subject to: prior approval process; 6 people) are unclassified 0161 837 6130
previous use timings; limitations therefore sui generis
c) For any industrial process Newcastle
(which can be carried out and exempt areas (until 30.05.16)
in any residential area Temporary permitted change 0191 261 5685

D1
without causing detriment (2 years) for up to 150 sq.m to Clinics, health centres, Temporary permitted change
to the amenity of the area) A1,A2,A3 (interchangeable with creches, day nurseries, (2 years) for up to 150 sq.m to A1, Cardiff
notification) Non-residential non-residential education and A2, A3, B1 (interchangeable with 029 2043 5880
Permitted change from B1 to Institutions training centres, museums, notification)
state-funded school (and back to public libraries, public halls,
previous lawful use) exhibition halls, places of
worship, law courts
B2 Industrial process other than
that falling within Class B1
Permitted change to Class B1 and
Class B8. Permitted change to B8 is
D2 Cinemas, concert halls, Permitted change to state-funded This publication has been written in general terms and cannot be relied on to cover specific
General Industry subject to total floorspace being no bingo halls, dance halls, school (and back to previous situations. We recommend that you obtain professional advice before acting or refrain from
greater than 500 sq.m Assembly and swimming baths, skating lawful/use) acting on any of the contents of this publication. NLP accepts no duty of care or liability for
Leisure rinks, gymnasiums, other Temporary permitted change any loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from acting as a result of any material
B8 Use for storage or as a
distribution centre
Permitted change to Class B1
subject to total floorspace being no
areas for indoor and outdoor
sports or recreations not
(2 years) to A1,A2,A3,B1
(interchangeable with notification)
in this publication. © Nathaniel Lichfield & Partners Ltd 2012, Nathaniel Lichfield & Partners
is the trading name of Nathaniel Lichfield & Partners Ltd. Registered Office 14 Regent’s
Storage or greater than 500 sq.m involving motorised vehicles Wharf, All Saints Street, London N1 9RL. Designed by NLP 2012; amended 2013.

Diagram.3
Distribution or firearms

The Arcus Centre falls onto D1 class: Diagram.5

In England we have The National Policy Framework and Wales,

Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own system they use.

In England the NPPF covers a broad range of subjects, including:

housing, industry, economic growth, transport and the natural
environment which it protects.

The NPPF made an assertion in favour of sustainable development,

which ensures that sustainable development should be approved
without delay.

There are three pillars of sustainability (economic, social and

environmental) and there are a range of policy components that,
as a whole,represent the government’s view of what sustainable
development means in practise.

It also sets out guidance for local authority and each council has its
own local plan and designation of land use.

Diagram.4
If the building was in England, I would do an insight mapping which shows previous appli-
cations, conservation areas, historical monuments and also listed buildings as highlighted
above.