Lecture No : 22

Introduction to
Wireline Logging Engineer

Abbas Radhi Abbas

Chief Engineer
11-10-2023
01 Simple petroleum production system

02 Well sketch

03 How to Drill and Complete the well

04 Well Classifications

05 Well Logging Classifications

06 Wireline logging engineer

Simple petroleum production system.

‫رأس البئر‬.3

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01 Simple petroleum production system

02 Well sketch

03 How to Drill and Complete the well

04 Well Classifications

05 Well Logging Classifications

06 Wireline logging engineer

Well sketch

3 During Completion

2
During Drilling

Well logging 1
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01 Simple petroleum production system

02 Well sketch

03 How to Drill and Complete the well

04 Well Classifications

05 Well Logging Classifications

06 Wireline logging engineer

36”OH How to drill oil well ?
30”Condoctor
Cement

26”OH
20”casing
Cement
17.5”OH
then wireline
13 3/8”casing
Cement
Then CBL

12 1/4”OH
then wireline
8 1/2”OH
9 5/8”casing
then wireline
Cement
Then CBL 7”liner
Cement
Oil Then CBL
How Complete well to put well in production ?

‘Christmas tree’

Tubing

Casing
Packers

Perforations

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01 Simple petroleum production system

02 Well sketch

03 How to Drill and Complete the well

04 Well Classifications

05 Well Logging Classifications

06 Wireline logging engineer

Well Calcifications

Well Classification

Trajectory Objective Environments

1.Vertical well 1. Exploration well 1.Onshore
2.deviated well 2. Appraisal well 2.Offshore
3.Horizontal well 3. Development well :
4.Multi- lateral  Producer
 Injector
 Water source

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Well Calcifications

Well Classifications according to trajectory

Vertical Deviated Horizontal Multi- lateral

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Well Calcifications

Well Classifications as vertical , Deviated , horizontal

related with logging Operation types :

1-WL
Wireline

2-LWD
Logging while drilling

3-PCL
Pipe Conveyed Logging

4-TCL
Tractor Conveyed Logging

5-CTCL
Coiled Tubing Conveyed Logging
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Well Calcifications

Well Classifications according to Environments

vs

Onshore Offshore
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01 Simple petroleum production system

02 Well sketch

03 How to Drill and Complete the well

04 Well Classifications

05 Well Logging Classifications

06 Wireline logging engineer

 Well Logging Classifications

Open Hole logging Abbas Radhi Cased Hole logging

Conventional log High tech log Cased Hole logging

1. Lithology logs 1.Cement evaluation log :
 SP 1. Nuclear magnetic
resonance log  normal CBL , VDL , GR ,
 GR
(NMR) CCL
2. Porosity logs :  Image cement evaluation
 Density SBT , URS, RIB , RBT , USIT ,
Abbas Radhi

2. Modular dynamic

Abbas Radhi
 Neutron SCMT ,CAST
formation tester
 Sonic
(MDT)
3. Resistivity logs :
 Laterolog 3. Full bore 2. production logging tools (
 Induction Formation Micro PLT)
 Micro Focused Imager(FMI)
 Micro resistivity 3. saturation log ( RST , RST
4.Sidewall core pro , RMT , PNX , PNN , TDT ,
4. Caliper log
(SWC) CRE , rpm )

5. Vertical seismic 4. Casing inspection log ( MFC

profile (VSP) , MIT , MTD , ETT )
.
5. SNL log 15
.
type of well logging : Another classifications

through tubing bridge plug

1-Electric Logs ( resistivity & SP)

2-Acoustic ( Sonic) Logs

Type of 3-Radioactive Logs ( GR , density & Neutron)
well
logging
4-Electromagnetic propagation tool ( EPT)

5-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Log( NMR)

6-Dip meter and formation image log

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01 Simple petroleum production system

02 Well sketch

03 How to Drill and Complete the well

04 Well Classifications

05 Well Logging Classifications

06 Wireline logging engineer

Wireline Logging Operations

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 Wireline logging engineer

Wellsite Logging Engineer Interpretation Engineer

Cement evaluation
Logs Required Log Scales report MIT report

PLT report Conventional log

Hole Problems Tool Combinations interpretation

Casing Depths Mud Advance log report

Type/Parameters
NMR , MDT , SWC ,
Rush Prints Log Copies FMI

Mud Log/Lithology

Maintenance Engineer
Wireline Logging Operations

Well Name , depth , Location

Number of a logging runs

Sequence of logs

Name of wireline Company and Engineer

Prior To Wireline Logging Operations

1 Logging Required
2 Log Scale
3 Hole problems
4 Tool Combination
5 Casing depths
6 Mud Types
7 Rush Prints
8 Log Copies / Dispatch
9 Mud Log / Lithology
Logs Required

This information should be given to the Logging Engineer before arrival

at the rig and should be obtained from the drilling prognosis. Do not
assume all logging suites are correct in the drilling prognosis. These
are often drawn up a considerable time before the well is actually
drilled, and changes in the logging program may have been made in
the meantime.

ALWAYS CHECK WITH THE OPERATIONS LOGGING ENGINEER

BEFORE THE JOB
Log Scales

As with the logs, check the log scales before the job. Normally,
once scales have been set for a drilling program they will not be
changed. However, it is the geologist's job to make sure the
correct scales are used. This is especially important at the start of
a drilling program

Should provide details of the following, so that an accurate log

heading can be made.

• Well Name and Number

• Well Location
• Drill Floor (RKB) Elevation, Water Depth (if offshore)
• Hole Diameters and Depths
• Casing Information
• Mud Parameters
• Hole Conditions
Hole Problems

It is important to inform the wireline engineer if you think there

may be any hole problems :

Swelling clays

dog legs

Hole tight spots

Problems
wash outs

Losses

This will reduce the possibility of problems during the logging

runs. Generally, deviated holes are more difficult
Tool Combinations

This is becoming particularly important as 'super combos' are

often used Some types of tool are Not compatible with others., It
is really the wireline engineers problem, but it is useful to check
that the correct tools are on the rig. If not, they can be made
available so to not lose time
Casing Depths

Make sure the logging engineer knows where casing shoes have been
set. Shoe depths are important for several reasons.

 They are easily identified and logs are generally run only as far
as the shoe. The Gamma Ray may be run back to surface for
correlation purposes.

 Calibrations - caliper checks are made in casing where exact I.D.

is known.

 As the shoe is approached, the running speed will need to be

reduced - logging tools should not enter the open hole at very fast
speeds
Mud Parameters

Mud parameters data is essential for accurate log analysis. As a

general rule, prior to logging, the hole should be circulated clean.
The geologist should have some input if this includes a full wiper
trip. A wiper trip is probably not necessary where there is no gas, no
tight hole, and reasonable mud viscosity, cake thickness, etc. If
there have been hole problems, gases, etc. while circulating and
pulling out as far as the shoe, then it is a good idea to run back to
bottom and repeat a full circulation. This will be the decision of the
oil company representative.
Mud Parameters

Just before circulation stops, the consultant should remind the mud
engineer to collect a mud sample, normally a viscosity cup. This
should be tested for filtrate and filter cake. The time when circulation
stops should be noted, as should the flow line temperature.

The mud sample will be given to the wireline engineer for resistivity
measurements. In summary:

 • Note time when circulation stopped

 • Note flow line temperature
 • Get mud sample taken
 • Check filtrate and filter cake thickness
 • Give samples to the wireline operator
 • Maker sure resistivity measurements are made on the samples
Rush Prints

Most oil companies require rush field prints to be sent to town as fast as
possible. These will normally be faxed. It is a good idea to find out prior
to logging the following:

 Are rush prints required?

 What scale - one inch, five inch, or both

A reasonably new development is that a thermal print of the log is run off
at the same time as the actual logging. It is therefore not necessary to wait
for film development for a rush print to be made. However, only one print
can be made, so it is best to find out from the Operations Geologist what
scale to make the thermal print.

If there are partners in the operations, do they require rush prints also? Get
Fax numbers, etc. if they do
Log Copies

Check what copies and the number of each (prints, films, play backs, etc.)
are required of each log. Make certain that the wireline engineer has taken
note of the number of copies required to be sent to town. Again, this may
well be in the drilling prognosis, but check with the operations geologist, as
numbers may change, especially when partners or government
departments are involved.

Log dispatch: This is not such a priority as it used to be. Fax machines and
data links to shore are often available. Nevertheless there may be situations
when such a dispatch is important. If this is the case, then the wireline
engineers and the oil company representatives should be advised, so that
transportation can be arranged in advance
Supervision of the Logging Job

General information should be acquired throughout a logging job.

 • Time out of hole

 • Time of start up for rig-up of Log #1
 • Time of start in hole with the Log #1
 • Time on bottom with Log #1
 • Time out of hole with Log #1
 • Start up time for rig-down Log #1
 • Start time for rig-up Log #2, etc.
Supervision of the Logging Job

This section will deal with the logging

operations, things to remember, simple
Quality Control, and problems that may
arise while logging. They include:

fishing

Repeat
Rig up
section

Logging
Operation

Quality Running
Control in

Logging
Supervision of the Logging Job

The logging supervisor is not directly involved with the rig-up or

rig-down of tools. It is sufficient for the logging supervisor to note
Rigging
the start up times of rig-ups and rig downs. If there are delays
up between them, it is a good idea to ask the wireline engineer for
reasons. If the geologist is not happy with the explanations, the
oil company representative should be notified.

Surface Calibrations - The logging engineer should not concern

themselves with surface calibrations unless they are very familiar with the
various tool responses. However, the consultant should ensure that
master calibrations are attached to the logs.

Temperature Readings - Bottom hole temperature is important. Two

thermometers should be attached to the wireline suite during each run.
The height of the thermometer above the tool head should be noted.
Supervision of the Logging Job

Rigging
up

1 2

4 3
Supervision of the Logging Job

Casing - Sometimes calibrations are carried out in casing

(especially tools such as calipers), as the I.D. and material
Running
characteristics of casing are accurately known. Log readings are
IN
seldom taken in casing as their responses are greatly reduced
and generally of no value. Gamma Ray is often recorded to
surface for correlation purposes, but again the response is
greatly reduced.

Open Hole - This part of the operation should be witnessed by the

geologist. It is often useful to “Log-In” with the first tool, but this will
depend on the oil company. If a hole is suspected to cause
problems, then logging-in is recommended, to at least see that
information can be gathered
Supervision of the Logging Job

Running
IN
Supervision of the Logging Job

Assuming T.D. is reached and logging proceeds, the correct

speed and time constant should be used. A gap appears in the
Logging
line at the margin of track one once per minute so that logging
speed can be checked for consistency and correctness.

Maximum Logging Speeds

BHC Sonic 4,000 feet/hour
Induction 6,000 feet/hour
FDC, CNL 2,000 feet/hour

Logs should be on scale or a back-up should appear. Cyclic

variations, zero values, and constant readings are suspicious. Be
suspicious of logs that constantly peak or level out at less than Full-
Scale deflection. Look for events that demonstrate the range of
response of that tool (i.e., High and Low Porosity Beds, Shales, Salt,
Anhydrites, Coals, Washouts, etc.).
Supervision of the Logging Job

Here are some easy checks for the more common logs which
Quality
Control should identify major problems while logging. For Example GR
log

Gamma Ray
 • Most coals are less than 50 API units
 • Some radioactive shales and will generate more than 500 API units.
 • Uriniferous beds may give readings outside the range of the tool.
 • API values may vary due to tool running speed and hole and mud
variations.
 • Static drift should be compared with the “before” and “after” calibration
counts.
 • Repeat sections may not agree in absolute values, but the curve
character should be very similar.
Supervision of the Logging Job

Repeat Repeat sections must always be taken, this in itself is a good

Section
s
quality control measure. Unfortunately, repeat sections are often
run late in the logging operation, making it expensive to re-run
tools if discrepancies are found. Oil companies vary in the
amount of repeat section. Normally 250 feet or 80 - 100 meters
is enough. Generally, take repeat sections over sensible areas,
either zones with good character if there are no hydrocarbon
indications or hydrocarbon zones where these are obvious.
Supervision of the Logging Job

This is not a common occurrence when standard suites are

Stuck run, but can be a problem when some of the special tools are
tools used. More commonly, while running standard suite tools
(Porosity, Resistivity, Gamma Ray, etc.), they may get “hung
up” on the way into the hole and you may not be able to get
to bottom. Sometimes you are sufficiently close to bottom to
make it unnecessary to try and improve hole, conditions, but
more often than not a “wiper trip” will be needed. In such
cases always log out from the point of constriction to the
casing shoe, as hole conditions may deteriorate and the
repeat attempt at logging the hole might be even less
successful. You will then have some information from the first
run.
Supervision of the Logging Job

Stuck
tools
Supervision of the Logging Job

Stuck
tools
Supervision of the Logging Job

In the event that a tool becomes stuck, and all attempts to

free the tool have failed, it becomes necessary to fish the
fishing tool. Providing the cable has not parted from the tool,
stripping over the cable is possible. This system
involves cutting the wireline and feeding it through the
drillpipe. While running into the hole, a quick fit latching
system allows connections to the made. Often cable and tool
may become free some distance before the drill pipe has
reached the tool. This is especially true where differential
sticking is the problem - the cable may be differently stick
over a porous zone somewhere above the tool depth. Usually
stripping in over a cable is successful, but occasionally tools
do become irretrievably stick. Fishing for stuck tools is not the
responsibility of the geologist and providing the correct
precautions have been taken while logging to minimize the
possibility, then they will not be held in any way responsible
for such problems.
Supervision of the Logging Job

fishing
Thank You
About Authorized

Name: Abbas Radhi Abbas

Position: Chief Engineer / petroleum Engineer

Nationality: Iraq- Missan

Date of Birth: 1978

Gender: Male

Education Background:

Period Education description

1996-2001 University of Bagdad – college of Engineering – petroleum engineering department- (BSc)

Certificates of Appreciation

15 Certificates of Appreciation from difrent international companies such as (Schlumberger- waetherford , CNOOC , COSL ,
BHDC )

Work Experience : in Missan Oil Company ( MOC)

Period Work description

(2004-2006) reservoir engineer

(2006-2010 ) water injection engineer

during (2011) drilling and workover engineer

(2011 to 2023 ) petrophysics manager in Reservoir department

Language:
Arabic
Mother language:
Second
language/level: English/Fluent oral and written in English.

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