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TEACHING MATERIAL Narrative

The document defines narrative text as a type of text that tells a story or sequence of events from a point of view. Narratives aim to entertain or inform readers. There are two main types: fiction, which are not based on real events, and non-fiction, like autobiographies. A narrative text typically includes elements like theme, plot, characters, conflicts, setting, point of view, and literary devices. It also has a generic structure of orientation, complication, climax, resolution, and reorientation.

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139 views3 pages

TEACHING MATERIAL Narrative

The document defines narrative text as a type of text that tells a story or sequence of events from a point of view. Narratives aim to entertain or inform readers. There are two main types: fiction, which are not based on real events, and non-fiction, like autobiographies. A narrative text typically includes elements like theme, plot, characters, conflicts, setting, point of view, and literary devices. It also has a generic structure of orientation, complication, climax, resolution, and reorientation.

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workchlarissa
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TEACHING MATERIAL

Definition
Narrative text is an adjective deriving from the verb to narrate which means to tell a story from one’s
point of view. Thus a narrative text is a type of text that tells a story or describes a sequence of events.
Narrative Text is also a text which contains about a story and its plot consists of climax of the story
(complication ) then followed by the resolution.

Social Function or Purpose


The purpose of a narrative text is to entertain or inform the reader by presenting a series of events in a
coherent and engaging way.

Types of Narrative Text


Generally, it could be categorized into two of the fictional narrative or imaginary, the non-fictional
narrative, or combination of both; fiction and non-fiction.
1. Fictions:
❖ Fictional narrative
A fictional narrative is a story that is not based on real events or real people. It can be a novel,
short story, fable, or fairy tale.
❖ Legend
A legend is kind of folklore. It’s a traditional story that has been passed on for generations – it
often explains the origins of a particular culture or society.There are many types of narrative.
❖ Myths, fairytale, short stories, etc.
2. Non-fictions :
❖ Autobiography
An autobiography is a narrative text that tells the life story of the author, written from a first-
person perspective.
❖ Biography
A biography is a narrative text that tells the life story of someone other than the author,
written from a third-person perspective.
❖ Memoir
A memoir is a narrative text that focuses on a particular period or event in the author’s life,
often written from a first-person perspective.

The Generic Structure of A Narrative Text


❖ Orientation : Sets the scene and introduces the participants.
❖ Complication : A crisis arises.
❖ Climax : Peak of crisis
❖ Resolution : The crisis is resolved, for the better or for worse.
❖ Reorientation/ coda/ moral values: Optional.

The Intrinsic Elements of Narrative Text


Theme
Theme is perhaps the most important literary concept because it is the overarching idea that the writer
of the story wants to reader to understand. All other literary concepts are used to create theme. The
theme is the author’s commentary on a subject. Most of the times, the theme of a story can be found
by discovering and examining all the details in the story.
Plot
Plot is the structure of the narrative as it moves through time. Most narratives (but not all) follow this
traditional plot structure. It consists of the exposition (introduction of setting and characters), rising
action (events that build conflict for the protagonist), climax (tension of conflict reaches highest, most
intense point), falling action (the events following the climax), and denouement (the resolution of
conflict).

Characters
Characters are the people involved in the narrative. The process by which a writer creates a character
is called characterization. The main or central character, often considered the hero, is called the
protagonist. The main character who opposes the protagonist is the antagonist, sometimes
considered the villain. Literary analysis of characters often focuses on whether or not and to what
extent a character changes throughout the story.

Conflicts
Conflict refers to the issue or problem characters in a story are confronted by. The narrative is
structured around how the characters face the conflict. The four general types of conflicts are: 1)
person vs. person (a couple going through a divorce); 2) person vs. self (protagonist wrestling with
grief); 3) person vs. nature (protagonist trying to survive a natural disaster); and 4) person vs. society
(protagonist fighting for civil rights). The interaction of character and conflict creates the central
effect of the story and is the main indicator of meaning.

Setting
This element can refer to a time and place the story is set in. The location can either work
symbolically or it can simply be a backdrop for the story to take place in.

Point of View
Refers to the perspective the story is told from. This element includes first-person, third-person, and
third-person omniscient narrators.
➢ First-person narrator: Tells the story from the perspective of one or several characters with the
word “I” or “we.” The readers, as if from their own eyes, can envision the characters actions.
➢ Third-person limited narrator: Tells the story from an outside perspective from the
perspective of one of the characters (usually the protagonist). The third-person limited
narrator can relate events, thoughts, actions, but is limited to that single character. For
example, if the narration is from the point of view of the protagonist, the narrator cannot
relate events that are happening across town from where the protagonist is, nor can they relate
the interior thoughts of any other character. Third person limited narration uses the pronouns
“he,” “she,” or “they.”
➢ Third-person omniscient narrator: Also tells the story from an outside perspective but this
narrator is not limited to actions and thoughts of one character. This narrator knows all of the
in formation of the story and can relate the events of the story, the actions and speech of each
as well as the interior thoughts of any character. There are no limits for this narrator.
Literary Devices
Literary devices are writing techniques that authors use to express their ideas and enhance their
storytelling. Sometimes, it is used to convey a deeper meaning of the story.
➢ Simile
A simile compares two objects by saying one is like the other. Similes usually incorporate
words such as “like” or “as.”
Exp: You both are like two peas in a pod.
➢ Personification
Personification gives human characteristics to something nonhuman. This can help readers
relate to those objects—otherwise, they probably wouldn’t think to put themselves in the
shoes of that object or animal.
Exp: Your love has gone for someone else to share with.
➢ Metaphor
Metaphor is a comparison of two things by saying one object is the other.
Exp: Angga is a walking dictionary.
➢ Hyperbole
Hyperbole is extreme exaggeration, usually not meant to be taken literally. As a literary
device, hyperbole is used to make a point or add emphasis.
Exp: Her cries were loud enough to reach the seventh sky.

Language Features of Narrative.

• The use of noun phrase : a beautiful princess, a huge temple.


• The use of connectives : first, before, that, than, finally.
• The use of prepositional phrase of time : One fine summer, during my life time
• The use of prepositional phrase place : In a busy coffee room, in a luxurious carved
wooden coffee table
• Simple past tense : She walked away from the village.
• Action verb : walk, sleep, wake up.
• Saying verb : say, tell, ask, explain, announce.

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