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6sem Auto Cad
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PUBS edo Apoce ; Gort liag Me. Papen > DB be lypuope ui discal ¢ en. SLi Lin, : AM TEP ye ' Z GE og2 22. * Bhi eet Vocndistany, _Leve Ly vat waeDrawing Commands Drawing commands allow you to actually create objects on the computer screen. 1. Line The Line command is the Most frequently used command in a CAD program because lines are the basic elements of most drawings. Each Straight line requires information as to the Placement of the first point (one end) and the second point (other end). Generally, you can enter specific coordinates for the endpoints or pick the endpoints on screen Command: linex Specify first point: 3, 5c (or pick a point on screen) Specify next point or [Undo]: 6,4cc (or pick a point on screen) Specify next point or [Undo]: « 2. Double Line Some CAD Packages provide a Double Line command, although it may not have this name. This command is useful in creating grooves on parts and in similar applications. Wing plane. The Double Line command is especially useful in architectural drafting for drawing walls on a floor plan Example: Command: mlinex Current settings: Justifi cation = Top, Scale = 1.00, Style = STANDARD Specify start point or (Justifi Cation/Scale/STyle}: 0,0 (or pick a point on screen) Specify next point: 6,00 (or pick a point on screen) Specify next point or [Undo]: 6,4 (or pick a point on screen) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3,4c (or pick a point on screen) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3,50 (or pick a poinfon screen) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 0,50 (or pick a point on screen) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: closec(or pick a point on screen) Command: 3.Point Points define exact coordinate locations. In addition to serving as coordinates for lines and other entities, points can also be created as objects in most CAD programs. Points are helpful as a Command: pointx Current point modes PDMODE = 0 PDSIZE = 0. 0000 Specify a point: 3,0cc (or pick a point on screen)Specify next point: 5,4oc Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance]
: 8,30 Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance]
: oc Specify start tangent: « (or pick a point to specify the beginning direction of the curve) Specify end tangent: « (or pick a point to specify the ending direction of the curve) 7. Ellipse An ellipse is a closed circular object with an oval shape. The arcs making up the shape There are several ways to define an arc. Creating splines. A—Picking points to Establish control points for the fit of the curve. are defined by the intersection of a major axis and minor axis. The axes intersect at the center point of the object and divide the ellipse into four quadrants. The Ellipse command draws the shape automatically based on points specified for the major and minor axis endpoints. Ellipses can be drawn by several methods. One method is to locate the two axes by selecting two endpoints of one axis and one endpoint of the other axis, Another method is to locate the ellipse’s center, and then specify one endpoint of each axis. A third method is to pick the ellipse’s major axis endpoints and then enter a rotation angle. Example: Command: ellipsec Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: 4,4cc Specify other endpoint of axis: 8,4oc Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 6,50 Command: 8. Rectangle A square or rectangle can be drawn using the Line command. However, the Rectangle command automates the process of creating a square or rectangle, Most CAD software provides at least two methods for constructing a rectangle. These are specifying the width and height of the rectangle or specifying opposite corners of the rectangle. Example: . Command: rectanglex: Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/ Thickness/Width]: 1,52 (or pick a point on screen) Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: 6,3c (or pick a point on screen) 9. Polygon The Polygon command automates the construction of a regular polygon. A regular polygon is an object with sides of equal length and included angles. The Polygon command can create an object with three or more sides. A common approach used by many CAD programs is to either inscribe the polygon within a circle or circumscribe it about a circle, The information tequired in these instances includes the radius of the circle, method desired, and number of sides for the polygon. Another method available in some CAD programs is to define the end points of one side of the polygon. The software generates the remaining sides to create a regular polygon. Example: Command: polygon Enter number of sides <4>: 5cSpecify center of polygon or [Edge]: 1,50 (or pick a point on screen) Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]
: co Specify radius of circle: 2 Command: « POLYGON Enter number of sides <5>: 50 Specify center of Polygon or [Edge]: 6,5 (or pick a point on screen) Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]
: ix Specify radius of circle: 2c 10. Text You can add text toa drawing using the Text command. This is important for placing notes, sp cations, and other informatio it il Text can also be placed at angles. Example: Command: mtexte: Current text style: “Standard” Text height: 0.2500 Specify fi rst corner: 2,30 (or pick a point on screen) Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line Spacing/Rotation/Style/Width] 9,5« (or pick a point on screen} (enter the text in the text boundary that appears and then pick the OK button) 11.Hatch Hatching is a fundamental part of drafting. In both mechanical and architectural drafting, hatching is used in section views to show cutaway parts and to represent specific materials, Hatching is also used to hatch an area of a drawing. Areas to be hatched are selected with the pointing device and elements within the boundary can be excluded, if desired. Most CAD software includes several Standard hatch patterns for use with the command. Some programs also provide other types of fill patterns, such as color gradients. In addition, most CAD software allows you to add more patterns and define your own Example: Command: hatehs (In the Hatch and Gradient dialog box, select a pattern. Then, select the Add: Pick points or Add: Select objects button. When the dialog box is temporarily hidden, select internal points or pick Objects to hatch. Then, press [Enter] to redisplay the dialog box. Pick the OK button to apply the Hatch.)1.COPY Command In AutoCAD you can use Copy command to create duplicates of objects at different locations from the original. Procedures: 41- Select the Copy command from: - Modify Toolbar. - Modify pull-down menu - Type CO at command line. 2- Select the object you want to copy. 3- At the "Specify the base point or displacement" Pick a point on the object. This point will serve as handle for the object. 4- At the "Specify second point or displacement" pick a point on the screen or enter distance. You can create multiple copies without leaving the copy command. 2.0FFSET Command The Offset command creates new object parallel to the original object at specified distance and direction Procedures: 1- Select the Offset Command from: - Modify Toolbar. - Modify pull-down menu ‘set at command line y offset distance or [through]: Enter a value oy pick a point on the screen. + At Select object to offset or
: select the object. 4 +t specify point on side to offset: pick a point on the screen you wart tc place the new object. 3.Trim Command “rg T-~ command is use to shorten drawn lines to meet the edges of other objects. Procedures: 1- Seiest TR.4! Command from: - Modify Tocloar - Pull-Down menu - Type Trim at the command line. 2- Select cutting edge then press enter. 3- Select object to trim then press enter. 4,.Extend Command: The Extend command is use to lengthen drawn lines to meet the edges of other objects. When you use Extend command, you select lines as boundary edges and extend other lines to those edges. Procedures: 4- Select EXTEND from: - Modify Toolbar or, - Pull-Down Menu or, - Type EXTEND at the command line.2- Select boundary edges then press enter. 3- Select edge to extend then press enter to terminate the command, 5.Mirror Command: The mirror command creates a mirror image of objects. Mirror command is useful for objects that present symmetry. You draw half of the object and you mirror the other half. Procedures: 1- Select Mirror command from: ~- Modify Tool bar - Pull-Down menu - Type Mirror at the command line. 2- Select object then press enter. 3- At Specify first point of mirror line, select P1, see figure below. 4- At Specify second point of mirror line, select P2,. see figure below. 5- At Delete source object? [Yes/No]
. Press enter. 6.MOVE Command: This AutoCAD command will allow you to move objects at specified distance in a specified direction. To activate the Move Command use the following options: 1- Modify Toolbar 2- Modify from the Pull-Down Menu 3- Type M for move at the command line and press enter. Example: Sequence for the Move command 7.Erase Command: The erase command is used to delete selected objects from you drawing. The command can be activated from: - Modify Toolbar. ~ Pull-down Menu. - Command line: Type erase or e then press enter. Procedure: 1- Choose one the method described above to activatesErase Command. 2- Select the object to erase then press enter. 8.Filiet Command: The fillet command will allow you to round sharp corner. The command can be activated from: - Modify Toolbar. - Pull-Down Menu. - Command line. Procedure: Command: Fillet Current settings: Mode=TRIM, Radius = 20.000 Select first object or [ Polyline/Radius/Trim]: Type R to set theradius. 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