BPATs
BPATs
The concept of BPAT basically calls for PNP members to lead in the fight against
all forms of criminality distinct to their areas of responsibility, utilizing the active
participation of the community. The community leaders are then expected to a unified
stand against crime, violence, and disregarded for laws and commit to crime prevention
and control programs. The Local Government Code of 1991 in Section 391 states that the
barangay may be responsible for the organization of the community brigade or
community service as may be necessary to assist in the peace and order efforts of the
LGU. The BPAT is a community brigade composed of civilian volunteers duly appointed
by the Punong Barangay upon the recommendation of the Barangay Peace and Order
Council. Based on the Lead PNP Manual (PNP, 2009), BPAT functions in organizing and
mobilizing various sectors of the community in support of the maintenance of peace and
order and safety. It also conducts crisis management, disaster mitigation, search, rescue
and relief operations within the community. BPAT function is to strengthen and support
the Barangay Justice System. And, it conducts crime prevention and deterrence measures
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to protect the vulnerable sectors of the community. Armed with nightsticks, BPAT
members are often exposed to dangers (Estonio, 2014). Police visibility is one of the key
focuses of the PNP’s peacekeeping activity, which is its primary function. It would be
exceedingly challenging to keep the peace and maintain order without the police. This is
where the community members and the police must work together to share the burden of
responsibility for battling crime. Because of the BPAT role in peacekeeping and the
various threats to peace and order that residents may face in their neighborhoods, it is
necessary to try to enhance the way BPAT services. The community’s impression of their
degree of satisfaction with BPAT performance could serve as a staring point for
evaluating the provision of its services.
Based on the Mission and Vision of BPAT, their peacekeeping activities aim to
organize peaceful and orderly community that is expected to be responsive to their safety
and security needs in cooperation with the local police (PNP, 2009). The criteria to
measure the performance of BPAT relative to their functions varies as well from one
community to another. The peace and order of one locality may this concept be different
depending also on how this concept defined.
Peace is the absence of strife and independence from the concern of interpersonal
violence. It is also an environment that is characterized by healthy interpersonal and
interpersonal relationships, and acknowledgement of quality and fairness (Rummel,
1981). Hence, peace and order shall be realized in support to national development for
economic development (Obama 2010) in the sense of virtually impossible to accomplish
things in a situation of lawless and disorder (Roxas, 2003). The condition of peace and
order in the Philippines is also unique and has been characterized as unstable. The rate of
crime increased daily, particularly in the place of Pinili, Ilocos Norte. Due to the BPAT
function and several obstacles to maintaining the rule of law and peace that, it is crucial
to conduct ongoing efforts to improve the delivery of BPAT service in order to address
any issues that locally residents may have. Getting community satisfaction on the
community in the performance of BPAT could serve as a start point of evaluating the
provision of its services.
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Background of the Study
Crimes are very rampant nowadays and become one of the major problems in the
community, the government is very aggressive in attempting to reduce of not eliminate
the crime committed in the area of Pinili, Ilocos Norte. Crime is inevitable seems to make
sense as it is difficult to conceive of a society in which there is no crime. Some
individuals are always going to break the rules, and so are not entirely controlled in
community. This study will conduct to evaluate the satisfaction of the community on the
performance of the BPAT’s in doing their duties and responsibility. The present
situations of BPAT in Pinili, Ilcoos Norte are based on the experience and observation.
With this study, the researcher aims to assess the community satisfaction in the
performance of BPAT in Pinli, Ilocos Norte, which it will aim the BPAT to perform their
duty and responsibly effectively. This study could also provide recommendation to
identify and settlement of dispute, the spot conflict resolution and responds and
preparedness. Overall, the study could help the development of the performance of
BPAT’s and the community in Pinili, Ilocos Norte.
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Statement of the Problem
The aim of this study is to assess the community satisfaction on the performance
of BPAT in Pinili, Ilocos Norte.
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.1 Civil Status
1.3 Educational Attainment
1.4 Occupation
2. What is the level of awareness of the community in the implementation of peace and
order and safety by the BPAT?
4. What are the problems encountered by the community and BPATs during the
implementation of Peace and Order in the said Barangay, as to:
4.1 BPAT
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Theoretical Framework
Organizational Theory
In relation to this theory, BPAT and the community should examine the problem
in the performance and services offered by BPAT. BPAT creates a rapport relationship in
the community to achieve an organized and peaceful community. Organized work and
well performance of the BPAT member will make the community a safer place.
Unorganized work leads to unorganized community.
Implementation Theory
In relation to this theory, the BPAT who implement peace and order understand
their goals, this will compel the BPAT to understand how public policies can be
effectively put into practice to improve the services in managing peace and order and
safety in barangay level. Implementation of policies reflect the results from the
performance of the implementers which are BPAT.
Theory of Performance
Professor K Andres Ericsson, Ericsson's research has explored what makes world-
class performers different from everyone else – and his answer is a process he calls
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deliberate practice. He argues that simply repeating a mastered skill is not enough to help
people get better at it: in order to really improve, we must push ourselves.
In relation to this theory, the BPAT member put efforts and dedication inorder to
improve the safeness of the community. the safety of the community lies on the BPATs
who are guarding a certain community, that is the reason why they must put extra effort
to improve their performance.
The researchers believes that a study of this nature will be extremely beneficial to
the BPAT member and the resident in Pinili, Ilocos Norte. The findings of this study will
be used as a foundation for improving the performance of BPAT. This research study will
be beneficia to the following:
Community. As a result of greater awareness and usage of the relevant services provided
by BPAT, this output will be notably beneficial to the community. The survey can also
assess how well the current services and privileges are accepted by the community.
BPATS. This study will benefit BPAT staff by providing statistics on how well their
services are received by the community and how effectively those services perform. It
can also serve as a starting point for knowledge on how BPAT personnel might adjust
their ways to promote resident engagement in the services delivered.
Future Researcher. This study will raise awareness concerning the difficulties and the
benefits of BPAT relations with the community. Also, it would compel them to conduct
additional research on the subject to produce more precise and trustworthy findings.
Barangay Official. This study will raise awareness to address the problems of the
community regarding the performance of the BPAT member. Also, this will help the
Barangay official to select a better member of their BPAT group.
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The overall objective of this study is to determine Community Satisfaction on
Performance of BPATs in Pinili Ilocos Norte, focusing on the problems encountered by
the residents as well as the performance of the BPAT Members. This study will mainly
identify factors affecting the performance of BPATS in Pinili, Ilocos Norte.
This study will be conducted in Barangay Buanga and Valbeuna in Pinili, Ilocos
Norte. The selection of the responders is the BPAT members and the residents of the said
barangays. The researcher have enough time to do this study and expenses will be
somewhat costly.
Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined to how they are being used in the study:
BPAT’s. It refers to a certain group of individuals who has concerns on the peace, order
and safety in a certain barangay. It is one of the subject of this study and it focused on
their performance.
Community. It refers to a group of people who share a same trait or interest and live
together within a broader society. They are the one who gave their satisfaction in the
performance of BPAT
Cooperation. It entails working together to achieve common goals. An action that must
use in maintaining peace and order and safety within the community.
Crime. It refers to a criminal act for which a person may face government punishment.
Peace. It refers to a calm and pleasant environment that is not disturbed. It is the goal of
this study to maintain peace and order.
Performance. It refers to the action taken by the barangay peacekeeping action team in
order to carry out their duties and responsibilities.
Policing. It refers to the activities and duties carried out by Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team (BPAT) to maintain law and order within a community or society.
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Strategies. It refers to the action performed by the barangay peacekeeping action team to
carry out their duties and responsibilities.
Vision of BPAT. a peaceful and orderly community organized and responsive to the
safety and security needs of its citizens in cooperation with the local police.
Conceptual Framework
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INPUT PROCESS
CHAPTER II
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This chapter represents the related studies and review of literature about Level
of The Satisfaction of the Community in the Performance of the BPAT in Pinili,
Ilocos Norte. The literatures of this study come from journals, articles, electronic
materials such as PDF and other existing theses and dissertations, foreign and
local that are believed to be useful in the advancement of concerning the study.
Related Literature
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order to address criminality, ISO and terrorism problems by establishing Neighborhood
Support Groups (NSG) through BPAT operatives, peace partners, and friends to achieve
peace and order throughout the country. (BPAT Manual, 2009).
According to Domingo- Almase, (2013), the PNP expressly states that peace and
order and public safety can be assured only with the active involvement of the
community. The 1987 Philippine Constitution, notably the Declaration of Principles and
the State of strategies commands that the prime obligation of the administration is to
serve and secure the general population. In addition, according to Chadwick & May,
2003, the administration may call upon the general population to protect the State, and all
nationals might be required under conditions gave by law, to render a man, military or
ordinary administration. These organizations are also valuable partners of the government
in community development. The BPAT as the prime movers of the BPO will render
services tailor-made for the community where they belong and function. The BPAT will
focus on the three general endeavors, which are: security services focused on the
proactive community- based policing system, conflict resolution through Village Justice
System and crisis management, which includes disaster mitigation.
Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) plays a very significant role in the
Philippine National Police (PNP) Organization (Lowry et al., 2005). The Patrol Officers
serve as the first person you can ask for in times of need (Sluka, 2012). They are in
charge of the worry of culprits and anticipation to the individuals who might be hoodlums
(Wilson, 2013). It is understood that the patrol officer's life is at risk because of the
nature of their duty (Vila et al., 2002). Partnership with the community and the police is
wielded as a weapon system by itself in the campaign against crime. Crime prevention is
a concept that has been applied in different ways to the issue of crime. One strategy
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which showed the impact of the involvement of the community in crime prevention was
the recruitment and training of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATs) which is
highly effective.
Recent review on the performance of BPATs by Singh (n.d.) emphasized that the
development of a proactive approach to crime prevention is accompanied by community
policing. The most strenuous efforts by the police alone will not produce the desired
results if the community stands by passively in the erroneous belief that crime is purely a
police responsibility. The community must accept that the task of crime prevention is as
much a community responsibility as it is a police responsibility must join hands with the
police to make crime prevention effective. Singh’s statement is aligned with the theory of
reciprocal responsibility contained in the PNP’s Police Community Relations Manual of
2003 which states that the police on their own cannot effectively prevent and control
crime. Crime is everybody’s business.
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peaceful and orderly community organized and responsive to the safety and security
needs of its citizens in cooperation with the local police. (BPAT Manual, 2009). BPATS
organize and mobilize various sectors of the community in support of the maintenance of
peace and order and safety. Additionally, to conduct crisis management, disaster
mitigation, search, rescue, and relief operations within the community. Moreover, to
strengthen and support the Barangay Justice System . (Lupong Tagapamayapa) (BPAT
Manual, 2009). Lastly, to conduct crime prevention and deterrence measures to protect
the vulnerable sectors of the community. (BPATS Manual, 2009).
Related Studies
The more police we have, the less the crime there will be, while citizen and public
official often espouse the view, others claim that police make only minimal contribution
to the crime prevention in the context of far more powerful social institutions, like family
and labor market. The truth appears in the lie in between. Whether additional police
prevent crime may depend on how well they are focused on specific object, task, places
time and people. Most of all, it may depend upon putting police where serous crime is
concentrated, at the time it is more likely to occur policing focused on the risk factor. The
value of policing focused on the risk factor in the most important conclusion reached
from three decade of research. Simply hiring more police does not prevent serious crime.
Community policing without a clear focus on crime risk factor generally show no effect
on crime, but directed patrols, proactive arrests and problem solving at high crime have
shown substantial evidence of crime prevention. Reducing fear of crime has been
associated with community policing programs since their inception. Dealing with citizen
fear of crime is important because it can lead to hate crimes and illegal bigotry. As a
result of the emphasis on community, police officers should be more attuned to rising
levels of community concern and fear. Community policing encourages a deeper
understanding of the fear that may result from terrorist events. The emphasis on building
strong community partnerships encouraged by community policing may also help reduce
citizen fear of terrorist events.
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One of the studies of Ortega and Manapat (2016), found that community
satisfaction with BPAT performance was positively correlated with the team’s ability to
respond quickly and effectively to incidents of crime and disorder. The study also found
out that community member who had positive interaction with BPAT members were
more likely to report feeling safe and secure in their neighborhood. Moreover, Del
Rosario (2017), focused on the role of community participation in BPAT activities and
impact on community satisfaction. The study found that communities with higher levels
of participation in BPAT activities were more likely to be satisfied with the team’s
performance. Additionally, the study found that community member who participated in
BPAT activities reported feeling more connected to their neighbors and more invested in
the safety and security of their neighborhood.
Based on the findings of the recent study of Caliguid et al. (2019), the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team is effective in apprehending criminals and conducting
checkpoints in respected barangays. Because of BPAT’s in the community it is gesture of
PNP’s commitment to pursue an effective community partnership in support of sustained
barangay-based anti-crime strategy in collaboration with the BPATs by intensifying
public safety information campaign through regular police bulletins of criminal modus
operandi, also. They must involve giving the community the best possible policing
system, particularly in the deterrence of crime such as checkpoints. Thus, the BPATs
skills are updated to provide enough logistic support, which will enhance the
performance of BPATs.
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government and were more likely to feel a sense of pride in their community. The studies
reviewed here indicate that BPAT’s that can respond quickly and effectively to incidents
of crime and disorder, involve community member in their activities, and are perceived
as trustworthy and competent are more likely to generate high level of community
satisfaction.
The factors contributory to the success and failure of the Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team will enhance the performance of BPAT as a force multiplier in
helping the Police Station in maintaining peace and order in the community. The
formulation of a Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams Capacity Enhancement
Program which will help enhance the skills and capability of the members in the
performance of their functions.
HABIATAN (2019) further explained that peace and order council is “moderately
functioning” in terms of Organization; Meetings; Policies, Plans and Budget; and
Accomplishments. These imply that the Barangay Peace and Order Council are
cooperative in the maintenance of peace and order wherein the council sectors of most
barangays are potential mechanism of public safety, the barangay peace and order
councils work together to uphold the peace and order. Besa (2021) pointed out that the
level of implementation of its programs is effective, and the leadership styles was found
to be democratic. It also includes the effects of the implementation of peace and order
programs in their respective jurisdiction. Doquilla et al. (2023) states that if the BPAT
were implemented, effective and the problems encountered were fairly serious.
Peacekeeping Action Team of selected barangays in the City of Cabanatuan was
mobilized, working and effective. The problems encountered were less serious and
manageable. Also, implementer’s of BPAT must strengthen and update the knowledge,
skills, and attitude of the members through a joint training and seminars.
According to Curry (1993:33) it recognizes that 'local sensitive policies will not
only be more effective in considering the heterogeneity of the local social system,
economy, climate and culture, but will also be more likely to be successful in their
implementation through the participation of the local community. Communities with a
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voice in shaping municipal policies are far more likely to be excited about their
implementation. (Curry, 1993: 33 cited in (Storey 1999) page 308).
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the research design and methodology, population and locale of the
study, data gathering data tool, data gathering procedure, and treatment of data are
discussed in detailed.
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Research Method
This mixed research method through descriptive research will use in this study to
determine the community satisfaction on the performance of BPAT in Pinili, Ilocos
Norte. The mixed research method refers to the methodology of research approach
whereby researchers collect and analyze both quantitative and qualitative data within the
same study (Allison Shorten and Joanna Smith, 2017). Descriptive design allows
gathering of data which determined and described a current state and perceptions of
respondents (sage publications, Inc 2016).
The respondents that were chosen as the participants to this study are those
BPAT’s and residents of Barangay Buanga and Valbuena of Pinili, Ilocos Norte.
Specifically, twenty (20) BPAT member and thirty (30) residents of Barangay Buanga
and twenty (20) BPAT member and thirty (30) residents of Barangay Valbuena.
The data that we will needing will gather through printed survey questionnaire
and semi-structured interview.
The questionnaire composes of four parts. The first is the demographic profile of
the respondents. The second part will determine the level of awareness of the community
in the implementation of peace and order and safety by the BPAT. The third part is the
level of satisfaction of the community in the performance of BPAT in terms of
identifying and settlement of dispute, spot conflict resolution and responds and
preparedness. And the last part is the specific problems encountered by the community
during the implementation of peace and order.
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Further, an semi-structured interview will be conducting to supplement the
answer of the respondents.
The researcher will follow the definite procedure to gather data. First, the
researcher will formulate questionnaire and draft letter of request address to Barangay
Captain and residents of Pinili, Ilocos Norte then submit to the research adviser for
approval. Second, upon the approval from research adviser, the researcher will sent the
letter to Barangay Captain to conduct the study, the researcher will explains to the
respondents the importance of their response to the study. The researcher will clarifies
some terms to the respondents so that the respondents can answer the questionnaire with
full knowledge of their responsibility as the subject of the study. The researcher will use
purposive sampling, the sampling units are selected subjectively by the researcher in this
study since the researcher goal is to determine the community satisfaction on the
performance of BPAT’s , the researcher believes that this method is the most appropriate
in choosing the sample for the research. After the respondents answer the survey
questionnaire, the researcher will collect and tally the data for interpretation. Based on
the data the researcher comes up with conclusion and recommendations for this study.
Treatment of Data
The data that will gather from the respondents will subject to statistical treatment
using frequency, weighted mean, and percentage.
Percentage and frequency will use to analyze and interpret the data on the
demographic profile of the respondents.
Weighted mean and rank will use to analyze the data on the level of satisfaction
of the community in the performance of BPAT and the problem encountered by the
community.
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VALUE RANGE DESCRIPTIVE VERBAL
INTERPRETATION INTERPRETATION
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thrice a week.
REFERENCES:
Caliguid, R. L., Nalla, C. G., Paquera, R. L., Pérez, R., & Callora, L. U. (2019). The
Effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping Action in Nasipit Agusan del Norte,
https://doi.org/10.18868/cje.02.060120.04
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Ortega, J. B., & Manapat, C. V. (2016). Barangay peacekeeping operations in the
Philippines: An evaluation of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)
program. Journal of Criminal Justice, 46, 30-37.
https://www.multidisciplinaryjournal.com/pdf/174.pdf
Milcen Jay, J. Bienes, E. D. O., Kaicelyn Suganob, J.M., Alvarico, A. B., &Cuevas, J. F.
(2022). Level of Effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in
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Raguindin, E. M. (2018). Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATs) and Quality of
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