WeCED104 REVIEWER ● Policy, Goals and Objectives of Special

➢ What is inclusion? Education

→ embracing fact that everyone has a value to add 1. Policy on Inclusive Education for All.
→ It is not about fitting in the social norms of the → Inclusive education forms an integral component
majority. of an overall education system that is committed to
→ is a mindset, belief, attitude, and belonging. appropriate education for all children and youth with
→ it is building a community that is accessible to special needs.
everyone. 2. Goal
→ it is adapting the condition to meet the needs of → provide children with special needs appropriate
the student. educational services with the mainstream of basic
education.
PRIVILEGED - this means a special advantage 3. Objectives
readily available to dominant identity groups and → provide a flexible and individualized support
not enjoyed by everyone. system for children and youth with special needs
and regular class environment in school.
INCLUSION - this is when students with disabilities,
regardless of the nature and suffering of other 1. Special education center was built on a
disabilities and need for related services, receive "school within a school concept” as a
their total education within a regular education resource center for children.
classroom. 2. Inclusive education in regular schools,
special and residential schools, homebound
EXCLUSION - this is when students with instructions, hospital instructions and
disabilities are prevented from access to education community-based programs.
in any form. 3. Alternative modes of services delivery to
reach does advantage children in far-flung
SEGREGATION - this is when students with town, depressed areas, and undeserved
disabilities are indicated in a separate environment. barangays.

INTEGRATION - this is when students with ➢ COMMON BARRIERS OF INCLUSION

disabilities are placed in existing mainstream 1. Attitude, value, system, conceptions of social
schools, as long as they can adjust to standardized norms.
requirements. 2. Physical barriers - buildings or facilities that
affect one's ability hinders them.
EQUALITY-DIVERSITY-INCLUSION 3. Curriculum - it does not allow room for different
1. All were invented. EQUALITY disability of students.
2. All EED students are sitting next to each 4. Lack of Teacher and Low Teacher Efficacy -
other. DIVERSITY affecting the level of confidence of the teachers to
3. You were interacting with your seatmates. teach special education.
INCLUSION 5. Poor Language Communication - language
barrier has direct implications and how special
➢ VISION, POLICIES, GOALS, AND education is implemented.
OBJECTIVES OF SPECIAL EDUCATION 6. Lack of Funding - limits and debilitates schools,
EDUCATION FOR ALL PROGRAMME was affects learning materials, activity, etc that is related
launched at the international level in 1990 with to special education.
contributions from the five intergovernmental 7. Lack of Policies - there are limited policies for
agencies promoting the programme; UNESCO special education.
UNICEF, UNFPA, UNDP and world bank as well as 8. Too much focus on Performance Based
various foundation, international and Standard - there are institutions that doesn't accept
non-governmental organizations of the mass student with disability because they believe that
media. students with disability will pull them down.
9. Organization to Education System -
● Vision for Children with Special Needs organization are supposed to abide by the head of
The state and community also envisioned that the the organization.
child with special needs will get full parental and
community support for his/her education without ➢ MODELS OF DISABILITY
any discrimination. 1. Moral/Religious Model
→ view disability as either a blessing or a curse. It
3C's in Special Education is characterized by the notion of charity and
1. Collaboration caretaking.
2. Consistency
3. Communication
2. Biomedical/Individual Model Era
→ an evidence-based model that's in disability as a - World events
medical problem that resides in the individual; it is a - Historical events
defect or a failure of a bodily system and as such is - Political Events
inherently abnormal and pathological. - Cultural Events

3. Functional/Rehabilitation Model 4 Principles for Managing our own behavior in a

→ sees isability as heavy deficits. These deficits global context.
justify the need to go under rehabilitation R - Respect
intervention like the therapies and counseling that I - Inclusion
aim of integrating the disabled into society C - Cooperation
R - Responsibility
4. Social Model
→ view disability occurs as a result of society's lack Diversity – is knowing the dilemma of diversity.
of understanding of individual differences. Society Dilemma - These are difficult situations in which
insists that PWD are deficient and disadvantage. there is a choice to be made.

5. Rights Based Model 3A’s

→ offers a theoretical framework for disability policy Be Aware of the DIFFERENCES
that emphasizes the human dignity of PWD. Acknowledge the DIFFERENCES
Accept the DIFFERENCES
➢ DIVERSITY WHEEL
– Developed by Marilyn Loden and Judy Rosener ➢ SPECIAL EDUCATION VS.
in 1990. MAINSTREAMING VS. INCLUSION
– framework for thinking about the different SPECIAL EDUCATION- is a form of learning
dimensions of diversity within individuals and provided to students with exceptional needs, such
institutions. as learning disabilities or mental challenges.

Internal/Core Dimension INCLUSIVE EDUCATION- is an educational

→ qualities since birth that can't be changed. practice that places students with disabilities in the
- Age general education classroom along with typically
- Race developing children under the supervision and
- Sexual orientation guidance of a general education teacher.
- Gender
- Physical ability MAINSTREAMING- is the practice of placing
- Ethnicity students with special education services in general
- National origin education during specific time periods based on
their skills.
External Dimension
→ the secondary dimension and parts of social
identity that can be changed or discarded by life
experiences.
- Socioeconomic status
- Education
- Citizenship
- Appearance
- Relationship status
- Family status
- Experience
- Geographic Location
- Interest
- Belief System/Region

Organizational
- Function
- Union affiliation
- Work content/field
- Department division
- Work location
- Management status/title