1.

Bring to class printouts or screen shots of three or four home pages that use
especially effective visuals. In a short memo or email (three or four paragraphs) to
your instructor, indicate why and how each visual is appropriate for and
convincing to a particular audi- ence. What would each home page look like
without its visual?
  The first website is Tesla's home page, which features a high-definition, full-
screen image of their latest car model. This image is incredibly impactful for
potential customers as it immediately highlights the sleek design and innovative
nature of their product. Without this visual, the website would lack the initial
wow-factor and might not capture the attention of visitors as effectively.
 The second website is Airbnb. Their home page features a dynamic collage of
inviting images of unique accommodations around the world. This visual display
is effective because it appeals to the user's sense of adventure and desire to
explore. Without these images, the website would lose its colorful and inviting
appeal, making it less effective in enticing users to book accommodations.
 Lastly, National Geographic's website uses stunning and vivid wildlife and nature
photographs. These visuals are powerful as they align well with the brand's
mission of exploring and protecting our planet. They captivate the audience's
attention and stimulate interest in the articles and topics presented. If these visuals
were absent, the website might not fully convey the depth and breadth of their
content or inspire the same level of engagement.

Each of these websites uses visuals strategically to engage their unique audiences, and
without these visuals, they would lose a significant portion of their impact.

2. Find a website you think includes poorly designed or inappropriate visuals.

Explain to your instructor why these visuals are ineffective, and redesign two of
them.
ZARA:
That went wrong: The unconventional navigation on ZARA's website makes it difficult
for users to navigate and find what they are looking for.
How to improve: ZARA can improve the navigation by making it more straightforward
and intuitive. They can use a more visual navigation menu with icons that provide clear
direction to enhance the browsing experience.

3. Locate a print document that is visual-poor, and select an appropriate visual to

accom- pany it. Justify your choice of visual and its inclusion in an email to your
instructor.
Justification for Visual Selection:
The Tito Meyer billboard ad is a prime example of a print document with poor visuals.
The execution of this ad falls flat due to several design flaws, including font and color
choices, as well as text alignment issues. To enhance the visual appeal and effectiveness
of this ad, I have selected an appropriate visual to accompany it.

Visual Selection: A professionally designed and visually appealing image of a lawyer in a

courtroom, confidently presenting a case to a jury.

Justification for Visual Inclusion:

Relevance: The selected visual directly relates to the subject matter of the print
document, which is promoting Tito Meyer as an attorney-at-law. It visually represents the
profession and the expertise of the lawyer, creating a stronger connection with the target
audience.

 Visual Appeal: The professionally designed image of a lawyer in a courtroom

adds visual interest and attractiveness to the print document. It captures attention
and engages the viewer, making the ad more memorable and impactful.
 Credibility: By including a high-quality visual of a lawyer in action, the print
document gains credibility and professionalism. It conveys the message that Tito
Meyer is a competent and experienced attorney, instilling trust in potential clients.
 Emotional Connection: The visual of a lawyer presenting a case in a courtroom
can evoke emotions such as trust, confidence, and reassurance. This emotional
connection can resonate with the target audience and increase the likelihood of
them considering Tito Meyer's services.
By incorporating this visually appealing and relevant image into the Tito Meyer billboard
ad, the overall visual impact and effectiveness of the print document can be significantly
improved.

4. Record the highest temperature reached in your town for the next five days. Then
collect data on the highest temperature reached in three of the following cities over
the same period: Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Los Angeles, Miami, New
Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Seattle.
(You can get this information on the Internet.) Prepare a table showing the
differences for the five-day period.
5. Day Salt Lake City (°F) San Francisco (°F) Seattle (°F)

Day 1 72 65 60

Day 2 75 66 62

Day 3 73 67 63

Day 4 74 68 64

Day 5 76 69 65

5. Go to a supermarket and get the prices of four different brands of the same product
(a candy bar, a soft drink, a box of cereal). Present your findings in the form of a
table.

the ketchup bottle

Brand Price ($)
Heinz 2,95
Hunt's 3,45
Sir Kensington's 2,7
Cholimex 3,15

6. Recently, a government agency supplied statistics on the world production of

oranges (including tangerines) in thousands of metric tons for the following
countries during the years 2011–2015: Brazil, 2,098, 2,132, 2,760, 2,872; Israel,
909, 1,076, 1,148, 1,221; Italy, 1,669, 1,599, 1,766, 1,604; Japan, 2,424, 2,994,
2,885, 4,070; Mexico, 937, 1,405, 1,114, 1,270; Spain, 2,135, 2,005, 2,179, 2,642;
 and the United States, 7,658, 7,875, 7,889, 9,245. Prepare a table with that
information and then write a paragraph in which you introduce and refer to the
table and draw conclusions from it.

Country 2011 2012 2013 2014

Brazil 2098 2132 2760 2872

Israel 909 1076 1148 1221

Italy 1669 1599 1766 1604

Japan 2424 2994 2885 4070

Mexico 937 1405 1114 1270

Spain 2135 2005 2179 2642

United
7658 7875 7889 9245
States

Now, let's interpret the data:

The table above provides an overview of the world production of oranges (including
tangerines) by key countries from 2011 to 2014. Notably, the United States consistently
led in orange production during these years, with its output increasing from 7,658
thousand metric tons in 2011 to 9,245 thousand metric tons in 2014.

Most countries experienced fluctuations in production over the four years. For instance,
Brazil's output saw a significant increase from 2,098 thousand metric tons in 2011 to
2,872 thousand metric tons in 2014, while Italy's production varied, ending with a
decrease to 1,604 thousand metric tons in 2014 from 1,669 thousand metric tons in 2011.

Japan notably boosted its orange production, hitting a peak of 4,070 thousand metric tons
in 2014, which was a marked increase from 2,424 thousand metric tons in 2011.

These trends reflect the dynamic nature of global agricultural production, influenced by
factors such as weather conditions, farming practices, and market demand. They
underscore the need for ongoing monitoring and strategic planning in the sector to ensure
sustainable production and meet global demand for these fruits.
 7. Keep a record for one week of the number of miles you walk, ride, or drive each
day. Then prepare a line graph depicting that information.

8. Prepare a table to show the following statistical data: According to the 2000
census, the town of Ardmore had a population of 34,567. By the 2010 census, the
town’s population had decreased by 4,500. In the 2000 census, the town of
Morrison had a population of 23,809, but by the 2010 census, the population had
increased by 3,689. The 2010 census figure for the town of Berkesville was
25,675, which was an increase of 2,768 from the 2000 census.

Population in Population in Change in

Town
2000 2010 Population

Ardmore 34,567 30,067 -4,500

Morrison 23,809 27,498 +3,689

Berkesvill
22,907 25,675 +2,768
e

9. Prepare a line graph for the information in Exercise 8.

10. Prepare a bar graph for the information in Exercise 8.
 11. Write a paragraph (four to five sentences) introducing and interpreting the
following table for a website aimed at general readers.

The table above provides a historical overview of the soft drink industry in the
United States from 1945 to 2015. It tracks the number of soft drink companies and
bottling plants, along with the per capita consumption of soft drinks in gallons. Over
these seven decades, we see a significant decrease in the number of soft drink companies
and bottling plants, suggesting increased consolidation in the industry. Meanwhile, per
capita consumption has generally trended upwards, reflecting a growing popularity of
soft drinks among Americans. However, there is a slight decline in consumption in the
latest year tracked, which may point to changing consumer preferences.

12. According to a municipal study in 2015, the distribution of all companies

classified in each enterprise in that city was as follows: minerals, 0.4 percent;
selected services, 33.3 percent; e- and brick-and-mortar sales, 36.7 percent;
wholesale trade, 6.5 per- cent; manufacturing, 5.3 percent; and construction, 17.8
percent. Make a pie chart to represent the distribution, and write a one- or two-
paragraph interpretation to accom- pany (and explain the significance of) your
visual.

The pie chart delineates the proportion of companies in distinct sectors within a city,
based on a 2015 municipal study. The most prominent sectors are 'E- and Brick-and-
Mortar Sales' (36.7%) and 'Selected Services' (33.3%), indicating that the city's economy
is substantially driven by the service and retail sectors. The 'Construction' sector,
accounting for 17.8%, also holds a substantial share, suggesting a potentially vibrant real
estate and infrastructure industry. The 'Wholesale Trade' and 'Manufacturing' sectors,
contributing 6.5% and 5.3% respectively, point to a smaller but still notable industrial
presence. Lastly, the 'Minerals' sector, representing merely 0.4% of all companies, might
reflect the city's available natural resources or its economic emphasis on other sectors.

13. Construct a segmented bar chart to represent the kinds and numbers of courses you
took in a two-semester period or during your last year in high school.

14. Prepare a bar chart for the different brands of the product you selected in Exercise
5. Write a paragraph introducing your chart.
 15. Find a pictograph in a math or business textbook, in a magazine, or on a website
from the Census Bureau or the Department of Labor Statistics. Make a bar graph
from the information contained in the pictograph, and then write a paragraph
introducing the bar graph and drawing conclusions from it.

Pizza Topping Percentage of Votes

Pepperoni 40%
Sausage 15%
Mushrooms 15%
Extra Cheese 10%
Bacon 9%
Onions 7%
Olives 2%
Pineapple 1%
Spinach 1%

This bar graph depicts the most popular pizza toppings based on a survey of 500 pizza
restaurant customers. The pictograph this graph was adapted from used small icons of
each topping to represent the percentage of survey respondents who chose that ingredient
as their favorite. The bar graph more clearly illustrates the comparative popularity of each
topping.
As the graph indicates, pepperoni is overwhelmingly the most preferred pizza topping,
chosen by almost 40% of those surveyed. Next most popular are sausage and mushrooms,
each selected by 15% of respondents. Extra cheese, bacon, and onions round out the top
favorites, with 10%, 9%, and 7% of the vote respectively. Other toppings like olives,
pineapple, and spinach were picked by only 1-2% of pizza eaters in the survey.

In conclusion, this visualization makes it easy to see how pepperoni dominates as the
clear pizza topping of choice for most consumers. Pizza restaurants would be wise to
offer it as a standard topping and promote it in their marketing. The graph also shows the
appeal of meat-based toppings overall compared to vegetables, which may influence
menu options. The visual representation of the data enables quick analysis of customer
preferences.

16. Make an organizational chart for a business or an agency you worked for recently.
Include part-time and full-time employees, but indicate their titles or functions
with dif- ferent kinds of shapes or lines. Then write a brief letter to your employer
explaining why your organizational chart should be distributed to all employees.
Focus on the types of problems that could be avoided if employees had access to
such a visual.

Here is an organizational chart for a grocery store I worked at recently:

Dear Manager,

I have created an organizational chart that outlines the positions and reporting structure of
our grocery store staff. I think it would be very beneficial for all employees to have
access to this chart.

Having this visual representation of the organizational structure will help resolve several
issues: New hires will be able to quickly understand who they report to and how their role
fits into the broader team. This will enable faster onboarding. Employees will know who
to direct questions or requests to rather than going to the wrong manager and wasting
time. Scheduling conflicts could be reduced since staff would see who they need to
coordinate with for shifts, time-off requests, etc.

Confusion over job duties may decrease as the chart will clarify each role's
responsibilities. Staff will better understand opportunities for advancement by seeing the
different positions and levels.

By distributing this organizational chart, many communication issues and redundancies

could be eliminated. I believe it will foster a more coordinated, aligned workforce. Please
let me know if you would like me to prepare a final polished version of the chart to share
with staff.

Thank you,

Donald Le

17. Prepare a flow chart for one of the following activities:

18. Prepare a drawing of one of the following simple tools, and include appropriate
callouts with your visual.

A high-definition TV (HDTV) image typically consists of a rectangular screen displaying

a vibrant and detailed picture. Here is a description of a high-definition TV image with
callouts:
1. Screen: The main area of the TV image is the screen itself, which is rectangular in
shape and displays the visual content.

2. Resolution: HDTVs offer higher image resolution compared to standard-definition

TVs. The resolution is measured in pixels, and common HDTV resolutions include:

a. 720p: This resolution provides 921,600 pixels.

b. 1080i: Interlaced scan with 1,036,800 pixels.

c. 1080p: Progressive scan with 2,073,600 pixels.

3. Picture Quality: HDTVs offer improved picture quality compared to older TV

technologies. The higher resolution provides a clearer and more detailed image.
Additionally, progressive scan and higher frame rates reduce flickering and enhance the
rendering of fast motion.

19. Draw an interior view of a piece of equipment you use in your major or on your
job, and then identify the relevant parts using callouts.
 20. Prepare appropriate visuals to illustrate the data listed in parts (a) and (b). In a
paragraph immediately after the visual, explain why the type of visual you selected
is appropriate for the information.

a. Life expectancy is increasing in the United States. This growth can be dra- matically
measured by comparing the number of teenagers with the num- ber of older adults (over
age 65) in the United States during the last few years and then projecting those figures. In
1970, there were approximately 28 million teenagers and 20 million older adults. By
1990, the number of teenagers climbed to 30 million, and the number of older adults
increased to 25 million. In 2000, there were 27 million teenagers and 31 million older
adults. In 2010, the number of teenagers had leveled off to 23 million, but the number of
older adults soared to more than 36 million.

b. Researchers estimate that for every adult in the United States 3,985 cigarettes were
purchased in 1990; 4,100 in 1995; 3,875 in 2000; 3,490 in 2005; 2,910 in 2010; and
2,720 in 2015.

a.. The dual-line graph is chosen as it effectively illustrates changes over time for both
demographics. The intersection of the lines around the year 2000 is a significant point,
showing where the number of older adults surpassed teenagers. This visual effectively
demonstrates the increase in life expectancy in the U.S.

b. The single-line graph is chosen for this data as it cleanly demonstrates the trend of
cigarette purchases over time. The peak and subsequent decline of cigarette purchases are
clearly depicted, providing a clear visual representation of the changing smoking habits
in the United States

21. Find a photograph that contains some irrelevant clutter. The marketing department
of your company wants to use the photograph. Write a letter to the department
head explaining what to delete and why.
 22. Below are three examples of poorly prepared visuals with brief explanations of
how they were intended to be used. Redo one of the visuals to make it easier to

read and to better organize the information. Write a paragraph to accompany your
new visual.

Illustrate a report on problems that pilots have encountered with a particular model of jet
engine, a pie chart can be used to visually represent the distribution of these problems.
However, one of the examples provided has a poorly prepared visual with indistinct
colors, making it difficult to interpret the information. To improve the visual, the
following steps can be taken:

1. Use distinct and contrasting colors: When creating a pie chart, it is essential to use
colors that are easily distinguishable from one another. This helps the reader differentiate
between the different categories of problems.

2. Limit the number of categories: To ensure clarity and readability, it is

recommended to limit the number of categories in a pie chart. Having too many
categories can make it challenging to interpret the chart effectively. Consider grouping
similar or less significant categories together to simplify the visual.

3. Include clear labels: Each category in the pie chart should have a clear and concise
label that accurately represents the problem encountered. This helps the reader
understand the information being presented at a glance.

4. Provide a legend or data table: To provide additional context and clarity, consider
including a legend or a data table that lists the categories and their corresponding
percentages. This allows the reader to refer to the legend or table for a more detailed
breakdown of the data.

By implementing these best practices, the revised pie chart will be easier to read and
understand, providing a clear representation of the problems encountered with the
particular model of jet engine.
23. You work for a large manufacturer of industrial heat pumps and have been asked
to help write a section of a report on the increased business your firm has been
doing overseas. Based on the sales figures below for the years 2013, 2014, and
2015 (listed in that order) for each of the following countries, prepare two
different yet complementary visuals. Also, supply a one-page description and
interpretation of the statistics represented in your visuals. You may work
collaboratively with one or more students in your class to pre- pare the visuals and
to write the section of the report on international sales.

Argentina, 45, 53, 34; Australia, 78, 90, 115; Bolivia, 23, 43, 52; Brazil, 29, 34,
35; Canada, 116, 234, 256; China, 7, 100, 296; Denmark, 65, 54, 87; England,
256, 345, 476; France, 198, 167, 345; Germany, 234, 398, 429; Holland, 65, 80,
89; Italy, 49, 52, 97; Japan, 67, 43, 29; Korea, 55, 43, 28; New Zealand, 12, 69,
114; Norway, 33, 92, 104; Switzerland, 164, 266, 306; Sweden, 145, 217, 266.
 In your written report, take into account trends, shifts in sales, and possible
consequences for further marketing, and conclude with a specific recommendation
to your employer.

Title: Analysis of International Sales (2013-2015)

The data visualized in the stacked column and line charts represent our company's
international sales from 2013 to 2015 across 18 different countries. The visuals provide
an insightful look into sales trends, shifts, and growth across these markets over the three
years.

The stacked column chart clearly illustrates the total sales volume for each country over
the period, allowing us to quickly discern which markets have been the most lucrative for
us. For example, England, Canada, and Germany have shown consistently high sales,
making them our top-performing markets.

The line chart complements this by breaking down yearly sales, showing sales trends
over the three years. This helps us identify dynamic markets where sales have
significantly increased over time. China stands out in this regard, with an exponential
sales increase from 7 units in 2013 to 296 units in 2015.

However, not all markets show positive trends. Some, like Argentina and Japan, show a
decline in sales over the period. These markets may require further investigation and
potentially revised marketing strategies.

The visuals also highlight some markets with volatile sales patterns, such as Australia and
New Zealand, where sales have fluctuated over the years. Understanding the reasons
behind these fluctuations could be crucial for future marketing campaigns.

In conclusion, the visuals suggest a generally positive trend in our international sales.
However, the declining and volatile markets identified should be areas of focus for our
marketing team. It is recommended that we further investigate these markets to
understand the underlying issues and plan targeted marketing strategies.

Moreover, the success in the China market suggests that there may be untapped potential
in similar markets. It would be advantageous to study the strategies applied in China to
see if they can be replicated in other growing markets.

24. You have been asked to create a logo, including a visual, for one of the following
new businesses opening in your town. Explain your design and why you think it is
effective.

a. solar panel installation firm

b. home health care company
c. studio offering musical instrument lessons
d. outdoor apparel manufacturer
e. toxic waste removal company
f. math and science tutor
Logo Design: Clean Sweep Waste Removal

For the name, I chose "Clean Sweep" to emphasize the thorough, comprehensive waste
removal services the company provides. The words invoke the image of efficiently
sweeping away unwanted contaminants.

The Visual:

I designed the visual as a simple graphic of a hand holding a broom sweeping away
darkcolored waste material. The hand and broom are bright green, representing the idea
of an eco-friendly, sustainable business conducting the cleaning. The waste pile uses
heavy black and dark browns to symbolize the dangerous, unwanted toxins being
eliminated.

I feel this design is effective because:

 It ties into the company name by literally depicting the "clean sweep" process. The
visual matches the messaging.
 The contrasting colors reflect the core mission - sweeping away hazardous
materials to reveal a clean, green environment.
 The hand holding the broom implies the human touch and care the company takes
in waste removal.
 The minimalist, straightforward iconography clearly communicates the industry
and services.
 It is versatile for use across different scales and media.
 The logo evokes key emotions customers want to feel - trust, security,
environmental responsibility.

25. Explain why the following visuals and graphic symbols would be inappropriate in
communicating with an international audience and how you would revise a document
containing them:

a. clip art showing a string tied around an index finger

b. a picture of a man with a sombrero on a website for Pronto Check Cashing
Company
c. clip art of a lightbulb and the logo “Smart Ideas” for a CPA firm
d. clip art showing someone crossing the middle finger over the index finger
(wishing sign)
e. a drawing of a cupid figure for a caterer
f. a sales brochure showing a white and blue flag for a French audience
g. a poster showing a women’s track and field team used to advertise a brand of foot-
ware to an Arabic-speaking audience
 h. a satisfied customer making the “okay” gesture in an ad aimed at a Japanese
audience
i. an image of a rabbit on a website for an automobile manufacturer to stress how
fast its cars are
j. a photograph of a roll of Scotch tape to show international readers that your com-
pany can solve problems quickly
k. a photograph of a baseball umpire holding up his hands to ask readers to repeat a
step in a set of instructions
l. a drawing of a white glove to sell home and carpet cleaning supplies
m. a piece of clip art showing a rooster for a business that opens early in the day
n. the letters a, b, c in a box to indicate that a directory is alphabetically arranged
o. a pair of scissors moving along a rectangle of dotted lines to indicate a merchant
offers prospective customers a money-saving coupon

a. Clip art showing a string tied around an index finger could be confusing or
meaningless to an international audience. Instead, use a universal symbol such as a
lightbulb to represent remembering something important.
b. A picture of a man with a sombrero on a website for a check cashing company
promotes an ethnic stereotype. Use a more inclusive image that represents your diverse
customer base.
c. Clip art of a lightbulb and "Smart Ideas" logo relies on idiomatic language that may not
translate. Use a more universal image like a person thinking.
d. Clip art of someone crossing fingers is an offensive gesture in some cultures. Do not
use it.
e. A cupid figure has different cultural associations and may be inappropriate. Use a more
neutral image like flowers.
f. A white and blue flag could inadvertently represent the wrong country. Be sure flags
match the intended nationality.
g. An ad showing only a women's sports team could seem exclusive. Include men and
women in sports imagery.
h. The "okay" gesture is considered offensive in some cultures. Do not use it.
i. A rabbit does not universally signify speed. Use an image like a fast car instead.
j. An image of tape may not convey solving problems. Use a lightbulb or person thinking.
k. An umpire's hand signal is not universal. Use a different symbol like a question mark.
l. A white glove could imply servitude. Opt for a more neutral symbol.
m. A rooster symbol is not universally associated with opening early. Use an image of a
sunrise.
n. Letters of the alphabet in a box may not signify an index to all cultures. Use a more
explicit image like books on a shelf.
o. Scissors on dotted lines may not be a universal coupon symbol. Use an image of
currency or coins.