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Math 227 Chapter 7

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52 views11 pages

Math 227 Chapter 7

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orellanajulien
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Chapter 7 The Normal Probability Distribution Section 7.1 Properties of the Normal Distribution Uniform Probability Distribution Example: Suppose that United Parcel Service is supposed to deliver a package to your front door and the arrival time is somewhere between 10 am and 11 am. Let the random variable X represent the time from 10. am when the delivery is supposed to take place. The delivery could be at 10 am (x= 0) or at 11 am (x = 60) with all 1- ‘minute interval of times between x= 0 and x = 60 equally likely. That is to say your package is just as likely to arrive between 10:15 and 10:16 as itis to arrive between 10:40 and 10:41. The random variable X can be any value in the interval from 0 to 60, thatiis, 0 Probability = wh Uniform Density Function ara aT) > 15/60 = 0.15 =—) adem Vatate(e) B0-IS<15 © Itis 10 A.M. There is 40% probability that the package will arrive within the next_24_ minutes. Normal Curve + Relative frequency histograms that are _symmetric _ and bell-shaped _ are said to have the shape of a normal curve. Aran zw: h | Ms 6 0Ne ig I 651 Os X20 X27 Way nw w + Acontinuous random variable is normally distributed, or has anormal probability distribution, if its relative frequency histogram of the random variable has the shape of a Inflection normal curve __ (bell-shaped and symmetric). point Inflection point ‘© Between the inflection point, the curve is drawn downward ‘© Tothe left and to the right of the inflection point, the curve is drawn__upward _. w-oppto + Figures below show how changes in j and ot change the position or shape of a normal curve. Properties of the Normal Curve 1 2. 3. Itis_symmetric_ about its mean, y. Because mean = median = mode, the curve has a single peak and the highest point occurs at _x= Ithas inflection points at__uto and wo A ‘The area under the curve is_1. ‘The area under the curve to the right of y_equals _ the area under the curve to the left of ., which equals As x increases without bound (gets larger and larger), the graph approaches, but never reaches, the horizontal axis. As x decreases without bound (gets more and more negative), the graph approaches, but never reaches, the horizontal axis. The Empirical Rule: Approximately 68% of the area under the normal curve is between x= - Gand x= +0; approximately 95% of the area is between x = u ~ 20 and x = + 20; approximately 99.7% of the area is between X=p-3oandx= +30. Normal Distribution 99.7% within 3 standard deviations of the mean 95% within———» 2 standard deviations of the mean 68% within», I standard deviation of the mean w-30p-We po Bh ptopteptie The Role of Area in the Normal Density Function The equation (or model) used to determine the probability of a continuous random variable is called a Probability density function (or pdf). The normal probability density function is given by 1 -t-p? remy ple eatieg) en oven Where j1is the mean and « is the standard deviation of the normal random variable ‘Area under a Normal Curve: Suppose that a random variable Xis __normally distributed __with mean y and Standard deviation 0. The area under the __normal curve _ for any interval of values of the random variable x represents either © the proportion _ of the population with the characteristic described by the interval of values or © the probability _ that a randomly selected individual from the population will have the characteristic described by the interval of values, Example 2: The birth weights of full-term babies are normally cistributed with mean 4 = 3400 grams and a = 50S grams. a. Draw a normal curve with the parameters labeled. M4 = Hy) 505 - 2145 h ; } MAE = 3400 7505 - 3405 SJ ! , Ue aa 225 SW = 3905 b. Shade the area under the normal curve to the right of x = 4410 grams. To ae c. Suppose that the area under the normal curve to the right of x = 4410 grams is 0.0228, Provide two interpretations of this result. 1 The propartins oF LU doom babies wiht win Harr 4, prams is OLE We Pola Hite rly stud ful : 2 Loy belay wig mie tym 4400 Gres is. 0.024% Example 3: Monthly charges for cell phone plans in the U.S. are normally distributed with mean 4 = $62 and o = $18. a. Draw a normal curve with the parameters labeled Me 42 (4 -Ifeyy Mh: ft 48-30 w (L bo b. Shade the region that represents the proportion of plans that charge less than $44. " ©. Suppose that the area under the normal curve to the left of x = $44 is 0.1587. Provide two interpretations of this result. tow propordion at ch phone plans nimthyy chage less than 444 OWT 4 Th prababiily Hr tonclunl, seluke! cll Phare monthly bil chops igs tur Gf 44 is guse7 Section 7.2 Applications of the Normal Distribution Find and Interpret the Area Under a Normal Curve + Standardizing a Normal Random Variable: Suppose that the random variable X's _normally distributed _ with mean 1 and standard deviation o. Then the random variable re zat E isnormally distributed with mean _y.=0__ and standard deviation _¢ = 1_. The random variable Z is said tohave the __ standard normal distribution + Ifa normal random variable X has mean different from 0 or a standard deviation different from 1, we can transform __X into a standard normal random variable Z whose mean is O and standard deviation is 1. Then we can use Table V in Appendix A to find the area to the left of a specified z-score, 2, as shown in the figure below, which is also the area to the __left_of the value of x in the distribution of X. The graph below is called the standard normal curve. Crample 1 Cn 09 =- Wit (-) nie 2 WZisa standard normal variable, find the probability that Zis less than 0.7 or -leyy 1 p(zZo7)= normatlll +99 o7., +O 2HRS © tegy 7-07 Ind tus -3) * 9-78 b._IfZisa standard normal variable, find the probability that Z is Joss than 1.98. YS } it F(Z 2145) = marmot cll (155, 1994 6.1) Ze 14y ~ 0.0034 ©. 12s a standard norma variable, find the probability that 2 lies between 0.7 and 1.98. p(0747 149) = normed of (07,148 0, Nao 00h 7-07 72/49 Example 2: The reading speed oti {rade students is approximately normal, with a mean speed of 125 words per minute and a standard deviation of 24 words per minute a, Draw a normal model that describes the reading speed of sixth-grade students. M -F 2195 -24>u1 L Mt b= 145 +04 - ou my = A _k& wi 125 14 b. Find and interpret the probability that a randomly selected sixth-grade student reads less than 100 words per minute p(xci00) = Mermnnncdf (- fA IM, 1 Hy) x OMG T (th gre Shaded s orl ramdorly jit le Shug vm would eyed 19 0 Wt w Nabe readiey spt less phan 106 walls por minute. © Find and interpret the probability that a randomly selected sisth-grade student reads more than 140 words er minute. Poet) = ml Cr, 08, cf S \ nx 0ube Key 1M 4. Find and interpret the probability that a randomly selected sixth-grade student reads between 110 and 130 words per minute, pliexc i) yd) wHE ; = normudcdl (900, 9044, 125, a) = 58 0 xg Wt me = 6.600554 Find the Value of a Normal Random Variable §=— =). 000557 “Ys 1 Finding sores rom Known Ares X % 0.0007 < 0.0500 =7 fF re 1. Draw a bell-shaped curve and identity the reglon under the curve that corresponds to the given probability If that region is not a cumulative region from the left, work instead with a known region that is cumulative region from the left. 2._Using the cumulative area from the left, locate the closest probability in the body of Table V and identify the corresponding z score. Example3: Meo & a. Find the z-score such that the area under the standard normal curve to its left is 0.01. = InvNon 2: m (0.01, 0, 1) me ne. 1.99 7 zt dnd > vars — 3 TavAoom b. Find the z-score such that the area under the standard normal curve to its left is 0.85. Qh V ij z= InyNerm (055, 0 N= 104 77 Z= Imulborer (6.55.0, 1, WA) x Loy ©. Find the z-score such that the area under the standard normal curve to its right is 0.2. fi ' pc 2 lavNorm (1-08, 0, :) XR 694 I-04 be tf d._ Find the z-scores that separate the middle 80% of the distribution from the area in the tails of the standard normal distribution, Zi ~ ley Norm (10, e -Lor 0. (100 - 50) 76 La = Iny Norm (1-0.1,0,1) 2 L2H 4 Qo 0 = 107% 0.1 12 Norm (05, 0, i ctr) z le Example: 4 Assume that temperatures of health adults are normally distributed with a mean of 98.2°F and a standard deviation of 0.62°F. Find the 20" percentile. 0? x= lnlln(0.0, 1-2, 040) ne nm 4ThE'F ag Po =X Example 5: The reading speed of sixth-grade students is approximately normal, with a mean speed of 125 words per minute and a standard deviation of 24 words per minute. a. What is the reading speed of a sixth-grader whose reading speed is at the 90" percentile? oe: 4 X= fuller (04,195, ) Cor De VL waels/nn (qo-x= 7 b. Aschool psychologist wants to determine reading rates for unusual students (both slow and fast). Determine the reading rates of the middle 95% of all sixth-grade students. What are the cutoff points for oa x1 = bnulleers (6.005, 108, 24) 2 77 ws /min Goep | = = 0.009 a= bw leven (10.005 105, 24) TE oda + he, xl Kt Notation q_is the z-score such that the area under the standard normal curve to the right of Z is Example 6: Find the value of: b-75 b.Zo75 6. 20%: bnthore (1-075 0 1) 20.f0 Inv (0-06.01) & Ory & 0.87 GRAPHING CALCULATOR To find the area under a normal curve or probability with normal distribution, 2" + VARS + 2:normaledf{ normaledf{lower bound, upper bound, mean, standard deviation) . er eR Areasworandns TEAL normalcdf¢ To find the value (or z-score) when given the area to the left, 20 — VARS — 3:invNorm( invNorm(area to the left, mean, standard deviation) Section 7.1, 7.2 Classwork 1 The heights of 10 year-old males are normally distributed with mean y = 55.9 inches and a = 5.7 inches 2 Draw anormal curve with the parameters labeled. M-£2554 -0.7 2594 “442659457 2d fi 507 BH UL b Shade the region that represents the proportion of 10-year-old males who are less than 46.5 inches tall Suppose the area under the normal curve to the left of x = 46.5 is 0.0496, Provide two interpretations of this result. Lu proportion oF Ae luyyht- of © Soe-pld males less Haw M5 eles & 00M 1. Ta prt thal Mobaty select! 10 or-obl mule'> iyhp Wess Hie 6S nels 15 Gomy 2. Determine the area under tHe standard normal curve that lies, a. Tothe left of z = -1.45 plzg ~h4s)= mocmandé ( #64 ~ 145, 4 ’) M% 0785 . yj 22-145 b. Tothe right of z = 1.2 TF hen 9 PZ >"4)< manaell (1 Hy Lebe a O S| © Between z = 0.45 and z = 2.67 T Th pliwezcaly 1:0) 2:47 = mew edt (045, 217, 6.1) A03tH 3. _Fastfood restaurants spend quite a bit of time studying the amount of time cars spend in their dewe-t Certainly, the faster the cars get through the drive-through, the more opportunity for making money. SR Magazine Studied drive-through times for fast-food restaurants and found Wendy's had the best time, with a mean time spent 1n the drive-through of 138.5 seconds. Assuming drive-through times are normally distributed with a standard deviation of 29 seconds, answer the following. What is the probability that a randomly selected car will get through Wendy's drive-through in less than 100 wall pela: vem (4141, (00, 135:9, 24] ih % 001 ~ MK, X= 100 b. What is the probability that a randomly selected car will roy than 160 seconds in Wendy's drive. through? paris) name CHF (Ub, 4904, 135.5, 24) { Abazit xc What proportion of cars spend between 2 and 3 minutes in Wendy's drive-through? , . Plitoex 189) Zwuk = 1205e¢ ; enormuled( 120, 190, 1345/0) Sev = BO ec X=) K-15 ARK, , ~ 4. Would tbe unusual fora car to spend more thf rimutes in Wendy's drive-through? Why? Plxr iyo) : Normal cdl (we, 429 13%5, 24] ZZ A 0.0%> 0050 -y No rt wevld not be yntusveM © Suppose wet lays digit, institute a policy at its restaurants that it will not charge any patron that must wait more than a certain amount of time for an order, Management does not want to give away free meals to more than 1% of the patrons. What time would you recommend Wendy's advertise as the maximum wait time before a free meal is awarded? pen x: Iuihbrmn/ 10.01, 1355 a ~ in, XW 54 ke? 4. Find the value of 29.65, 6.65 u 70.05 wean ( 16.5, 6,1) -% te wm 039

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