STA.

MONICA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Sta. Monica Hagonoy, Bulacan
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Semi -Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics 9

Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square
___________________________________________________________________________

Learning Competencies: M9AL-la-b-1

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
 understand the steps in solving quadratic equations by
completing the square;
 solves quadratic equations by completing the square;
 appreciate the use of solving quadratic equations by completing
the square in real life situation.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square
References: Quarter 1 – Module 1: Quadratic Equations and
Inequalities, pp. 35 - 46
URL: https://photomath.com/en/algebra/completing-the-
square
Material: A1. For the teacher: Chalk and board, and visual aid
A2. For the students: Pen and notebook
Values focus: Attentiveness, Appreciation, Cooperativeness and Critical
thinking
Time Frame: 1 hour

III. INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE

A. Procedure
 Start the class by an opening prayer to be led by the class president; ask
students to pick up papers or candy wrappers scattered on the floor if there
are any, arrange their seats; and check the learners’ attendance.

B. Review/Motivation
 Review the previous lesson.

C. Discussion
a. The teacher will discuss how to solve quadratic equations by completing the
square.

Completing the square is a method by which the same value is added to and subtracted
from an expression in order to write it as a perfect square.
This method involves transforming the quadratic equation a x 2 +bx +c=0 into the form
( x−h )2=k , where k ≥ 0.

To solve the quadratic equation a x 2 +bx +c=0 by completing the square, the following
steps can be followed:
1. Divide both sides of the equation by a then simplify.
 2. Write the equation such that the terms with variables are on the left side of the
equation and the constant term is on the right side.
3. Add the square of one-half of the coefficient of x on both sides of the resulting
equation.
The left side of the equation becomes a perfect square trinomial.
Express the perfect square trinomial on the left side of the equation as a square of
a binomial.
4. Solve the resulting quadratic equation by extracting the square root.
5. Solve the resulting linear equations.
6. Check the solutions obtained against the original equation.

Examples:
1. Solve the quadratic equation 2 x 2+8 x – 10=0 by completing the square.
Divide both sides of the equation by 2 then simplify.
2
2 2 x +8 x – 10 0
2 x +8 x – 10=0 → =
2 2
2
x + 4 x−5=0
Add 5 to both sides of the equation then simplify.
2 2
x + 4 x−5=0 → x + 4 x−5+ 5=0+5
2
x + 4 x=5
Add to both sides of the equation the square of one-half of 4.
1 2
(4)=2 → 2 =4
2
2 2
x + 4 x=5 → x + 4 x + 4=5+ 4
2
x + 4 x + 4=9
Express x 2+ 4 x + 4as a square of a binomial.
2 2
x + 4 x + 4=9 → (x−2) =9
Solve (x−2)2=9 by extracting the square root.
2
(x−2) =9 → x+2=±9
x+2=±3
Solve the resulting linear equations.
x+2=3 x+2=-3
x+2–2=3–2 x+2–2=-3–2
x=1 x=-5

Check the solutions obtained against the original equation 2 x 2+8 x – 10=0.

For x = 1: For x = 5:
2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0
2(1)2 + 8(1) – 10 = 0 2(–5)2 + 8(–5) – 10 = 0
2(1) + 8 – 10 = 0 2(25) – 40 – 10 = 0
2 + 8 – 10 = 0 50 – 40 – 10 = 0
0=0 0=0

Both values of x satisfy the given equation.

So the equation 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0 is true when x = 1 or when x = -5.

Answer: The equation 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0 has two solutions: x = 1 or x = -5

2. Find the solutions of the equation x2 + 3x – 18 = 0 by completing the square.

Add 18 to both sides of the equation then simplify.

 x2 + 3x – 18 = 0 → x2 + 3x – 18 + 18 = 0 + 18
x2 + 3x = 18
Add to both sides of the equation the square of one-half of 3.

1 3 3 2
3     9
2 2  2 4
 

x2 2 9 9
+ 3x = 18 → x + 3x + = 18 +
4 4
x2 9 72 9 2 9 81
+ 3x + = + → x + 3x + =
4 4 4 4 4
2 9
Express x + 3 x + as a square of a binomial.
4
2
2 9 81 3 81
x +3x+ = → (x + ) =
4 4 2 4
2
3 81
Solve (x + ) = by extracting the square root.
2 4

√
2
3 81 3 ± 81
(x + ) = → x+ =
2 4 2 4
3 9
x + =±
2 2
Solve the resulting linear equations.
3 3
x+  x+ –
9 2 2 9 2 2
3 3 9 3 3 9
x+ –  – x+ – – –
3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2
6
x x–
2 12 2
x=3 x=–6

Check the solutions obtained against the equation x2 + 3x – 18 = 0.

For x = 3: For x = -6:

x2 + 3x – 18 = 0 x2 + 3x – 18 = 0
(3)2 + 3(3) – 18 = 0 (–6)2 + 3(–6) – 18 = 0
9 + 9 – 18 = 0 36 – 18 – 18 = 0
0=0 0=0

Both values of x satisfy the given equation.

So the equation x2 + 3x – 18 = 0 is true when x = 3 or when x = -6.

Answer: The equation has two solutions: x = 3 or x = -6

3. Find the solution s of x 2−6 x – 41=0 by completing the square.

Add 41 to both sides of the equation then simplify.
2 2
x −6 x – 41=0 → x −6 x – 41+ 41=0+ 41
2
x −6 x=41
Add to both sides of the equation the square of one-half of -6.
 1
(−6 )=−3 →(−3)2=9
2
2 2
x −6 x=41 → x −6 x +9=41+9
2
x −6 x +9=50
Express x 2−6 x +9as a square of a binomial.
2 2
x −6 x +9=50 → ( x−3) =50
Solve ( x−3)2=50 by extracting the square root.
x−3=± √ 50
2
( x−3) =50 →

± √ 50 can be expressed as ± √ 25• 2 or ± √ 25 ⋅ √ 2. Notice that 25 is a perfect square. So,

± √ 25 ⋅ √ 2 can be simplified further to ±5 ⋅ √ 2.
Hence, x−3=± √ 50 is the same as x−3=±5 √ 2 .
Solve the resulting linear equations.
x−3=5 √ 2 x−3=−5 √ 2
x−3+3=5 √ 2+ 3 x−3+3=−5 √ 2+ 3
x=3+5 √ 2 . x=3−5 √2 .

Check the solutions obtained against the original equation x 2−6 x – 41=0.

For x=3+5 √ 2:
2
x −6 x – 41=0
(3+5 √ 2) – 6(3+5 √ 2) – 41 = 0
2

9+30 √ 2 + 50 –18−30 √2 – 41 = 0
0=0

For x=3−5 √ 2:
2
x −6 x – 41=0
(3−5 √ 2) – 6(3−5 √ 2) – 41 = 0
2

9−30 √ 2 + 50 –18+30 √ 2 – 41 = 0
0=0

Both values of x satisfy the given equation.

So the equation x 2−6 x – 41=0 is true when x=3+5 √ 2 or when x=3−5 √ 2.

Answer: The equation x 2−6 x – 41=0 has two solutions: x=3+5 √ 2 or when x=3−5 √ 2.

D. Activity
 First Five
The teacher will give two quadratic equations that need to be solved using
completing the square. The first five students who can give the correct
answer will be given a reward by the teacher.

1. x 2+ 6 x+ 8=0
2. x 2−4 x−45=0

E. Generalization
How do you solve by completing the square?
 Completing the square is the name of the method used to turn any
quadratic equation into the form ( x−h )2=k , where k ≥ 0. This allows
 quadratic equations to be solved by taking the square root of both sides.

F. Evaluation
Direction: Solve the following quadratic equations by completing the square.
1. x 2−2 x=3
2. s2 +4 s−21=0
3. t 2+10 t +9=0
4. x 2+ 14 x=32
5. r 2−10 r =−17
6. 4 x 2−32 c=−28
7. x 2−5 x−6=0
2 51
8. m +7 m− =0
4
2
9. r + 4 r=−1
10. w 2+ 6 w−11=0

IV. ASSIGNMENT
 Make an advance study about the next lesson, Solving Quadratic
Equations by Using the Quadratic Formula.

Prepared by:
Kylene S. Abante
Student Teacher