of

INTRODUCTION
This module intends to strengthen the students’ interest in sports. This
includes basic skills, rules and equipment in individual/dual sports and Team
Sports (e.g. badminton, table tennis, volleyball, basketball, batted balls,
soccer, futsal, track and field, korfball, taekwondo and dance sports), with
emphasis on the methods and strategies of playing the game and its
mechanics of officiating.

This module is designed to explore knowledge and skills that will assist
the students in improving ones body’s mental and physical fitness. Through
engaging in sports and games, one will also learn a range of skills, experiences
and trust that will help you grow your personality. Researches show that
schooling without sports is incomplete. Compared to average citizens, sports
players are often more active, safer and disease free.

Studying Fundamentals of Games and Sports plays a significant role in

a human personality development. Such games also play a crucial role in the
mental growth of student. It teaches us how to stay strong and healthy and
is measuring our physical abilities.

This module is guides student to understand the significance of sports

in physical fitness development, identify and explain the basic rules of the
adopted sports activities, execute properly the basic skills in playing or
performing the adopted sports, master the theories and mechanics of
officiating the sports and appreciate sports through actual performance and
play.

This module shall serve as a source of information for you to acquire

knowledge and skills in particular lesson independently and at own pace with
minimum supervision or help from the instructor.

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 Module

Introduction to Sports & Games

As you journey on this lesson, you are expected to:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Write an analysis on the impact sports activities and their impact on
physical fitness development and maintenance.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Trace the history of sports showing the development of the sports using
timeline; and
2. Classify sports activities based on its nature of skills and participation

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Content Exploration
Are you ready for today’s lesson? This time, you are tasked to read the
texts below and be able to comprehend it well.

Concept:
Games and sports are really important in our lives. Games and sports
ensure that we are healthy, involved, fresh and social. We teach us a lesson
about the responsibility and discipline of cooperation. They are teaching us a
lesson about fraternity and national unity. Games and sports have much
interest in our body development as a mind. A balanced mind resides in a
sound body. Games fit and keep the body involved.

HISTORY OF GAMES AND SPORTS

Games and sports have been around for thousands of years. The Egyptians'
Senet is the earliest example of a board game and dates back to 3000 B.C. The first
traces of competitive sports also go back to the Egyptians around 2000 B.C.
According to the History World, archaeologists found in Egyptian tomb at Beni Hasan.

Sport has been recorded for centuries. In fact, the sport of wrestling is depicted
on ancient Egyptian urns known to be older than 4000 years. Formal sport was a
natural follow-up to the games children played in many cultures and different
countries.

The ancient Greeks are considered to be the originators of competitive sport.

Their inter-city states competitions evolved into the original Olympic Games in 776
BC which carried over to the Roman gladiator sports. Throughout medieval times,
productive work was considered of utmost importance, and games and sport were
considered to be trivial unless they were used in preparation for war and combat.
Eventually, with the reincarnation of the Olympic Games in 1896 by Baron Pierre de
Coubertin of France, a venue was made available for international competition at the
amateur level. By the 1970s, professional sport had begun to permeate many sports,
and the concept of amateur was removed from the Olympics in the 1980s.

The modern Olympic Games has the greatest economic impact of any world-
wide event and has the greatest media coverage of any event up to and including the
two weeks of competition. Unfortunately, doping and use of banned substance have
taken away some of the glitter from many sport and even from the Olympics, but
Modern technology and people’s innate love of sport, however, are working towards
overcoming this problem.

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Let’s Define Sports and Games
.

Sports – refers to any activity that requires physical actions and skills where
individuals or teams compete under a set of rules.

Games – refers to any recreational activity involving one or more players, defined
by a goal that the players try to reach, and some set of rules to play it.

TYPES OF SPORTS
Sports are categorized into three (3): individual, dual and team sports. Below
are some examples as well as basic skills used in each type of sports.

1. Individual sports - refers to any sports played by one participant on each

competing side.
2. Dual sports- refers to any sports played by two competing pairs.
3. Team sports- refers to any sports played by three or more players.

INDIVIDUAL/DUAL SPORTS
Individual sports are played by one person against another or against a
number of solo players. A dual sport (not to be confused with team sports) is played
by partners (two people) against another set of partners or a number of sets of
partners. Examples of sports that can be played as individual and/or dual includes
bowling, tennis, badminton, golf and figure skating.

Here are common examples of Individual/dual Sports:

Table Tennis
Table Tennis also known as ping-pong ball is played by two or four players that
hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small rackets. The game
takes place on a hard table divided by a net. A point is scored when a player fails to
return the ball within the rules. Play is often fast and demands quick reactions.
Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options, giving the
hitter a great advantage.

1. Grip • Shake hand Grip • Penhold Grip 5. Top spin Serve

2. Ready Position 6. Basic Position, Forehand and
3. Forehand and Backhand Backhand Drive
4. Basic hitting 7. Forehand and Backhand Push

Badminton
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across
a net and the most common forms of the game is "singles" (with one player per side)
and "doubles" (with two players per side). Points are scored by striking the
shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.

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 1. Grip • Handshake Grip (forehand and backhand)
2. Ready Position and footwork
3. Serve • Long serve • Short serve (forehand and backhand)
4. Forehand and Backhand Overhead Stroke
5. Forehand and Backhand Clear
6. Forehand and Backhand Drop
7. Forehand and Backhand Smash
8. Forehand and Backhand Drive

TEAM SPORTS
Team sports include any sport where individuals are organized into
opposing teams which compete to win. Team members act together towards a shared
objective. This can be done in a number of ways such as outscoring the opposing
team. Team members set goals, make decisions, communicate, manage conflict, and
solve problems in a supportive, trusting atmosphere in order to accomplish their
objectives. Ex: are basketball, volleyball, rugby, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball,
and the various forms of association football and hockey.

Volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by
a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court
under organized rules.

1. Stance (ready position of the body and foot)

2. Service (Underhand, sidearm, and overhand serve)
3. Tossing (underhand and overhand or finger toss)
4. Passing/receiving (Forearm pass, Overhand, and dig pass)
5. Attacking
6. Blocking
7. Defensive skills (Rolling/Sliding)

Basketball
Basketball is a team sport composed of five players each playing against each
other on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective
of shooting a basketball through the defender's hoop while preventing the opposing
team from shooting through their own hoop.

1. Footwork 2. Pivoting 3. Catching the ball 4. Dribbling

5. Passing 6. Shooting 7. Rebounding

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Softball
Softball is a game similar to baseball played with a larger ball with 11 to 16
inches in circumference on a field that has base length of 60 feet. It has pitcher's
mound that ranges from 43–50 feet away from home plate, and a home run fence
that is 220–300 feet away from home plate, depending on the type of softball being
played. The name "softball" was given to the game in 1926 because the ball used to
be soft; however, in modern-day usage, the balls are hard.

1. Throwing 2. Catching 3. Fielding Flyballs & Ground Balls

4. Playing Catcher 5. Pitching 6. Batting 7. Base running 8. Sliding

TYPES OF GAMES
There are two types of games: Indoor Games and outdoors Games.
 Indoor Games –refers to sports played in the rooms and halls. Examples
include cards, carrom, ludo, and chess. Any indoor games help us to practice
essential cognitive skills and enhance the parts of brain responsible for
complex thought and memory formation. Creative indoor games help the brain
retain and build cognitive associations well in old age.

 Outdoor Games –refers to the sports played in open spaces and play grounds.
Examples include hockey, cricket, tennis, etc.

Need of Games
Games and Sports are such necessary activity of one’s life. It provides the best
exercise to the body. The shade body becomes active physical exercise is very
important for digestion. In this way games and sports not only fresh the mind but
improve digestion, fill in the hung with pure air. Games and sports make the students
active and fresh. It also teaches students the value of discipline.

Importance of Sports and Games

 Sports give us a good exercise which makes us physically strong and
increases our stamina and strength. Regular sports activities make us active
and lead to good health.
 Playing games makes us aware of our environment i.e. Makes us mentally
awake and increases our concentration power.
 Various games needs good strategies for better performance and teamwork,
so it increases our thinking ability and teaches us the power of teamwork and
to find a way out of difficult situations.
 Games and sports also need a lot of energy i.e. it makes us energetic.
 Games and sports need a lot of cooperation between the players. Hence it
increases cooperation with each other.

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 And at last, all of the games have their own rules and regulations which if not
followed, lead to negative points. Hence, we can say that it teaches us the
Importance of following Rules in life.

Given below are the reasons why sports and games are essential
in a student’s life:
 Improves Physical and Mental Health - One of the main benefits of sports and
games is to boost the physical and mental health of a student. Sports is played
between teams in a healthy competitive environment which ensures that the
student remains active and fit. Outdoor sports like volleyball, basketball, tennis,
swimming, running, etc., keeps the body and mind active and engaged. Indoor
games like chess, badminton, and table tennis enhance the concentration level of
the student. It also strengthens the immunity system of the body and energizes
them.
 Empower Students with Life Skills - While sports not only help in developing
physical and mental health, it also develops the life skills of a student’s personality.
It enhances their capabilities and helps them to have a better understanding of
themselves. Sports also help in developing social skills and getting along with
people. They learn to interact not only with children of their age but also with
adults like their coaches and seniors. Additionally, children acquire decision-
making skills through various team activities.
 Learn Time Management and Discipline - Constructive use of time and
discipline is a major characteristic of any sportsperson. If a student plays a sport,
one needs to show the commitment of time to be in a particular place at a
particular time every day as a part of their routine. He/she must be patient,
disciplined which will enable the student to cope with criticism and setbacks. Each
sport has a set of rules and regulations to be followed which helps the students
to stay fit and disciplined.
 Improved Leadership and Team Building Qualities - Sports is all about
teamwork. Team sports such as volleyball, football, basketball etc. which gives an
individual a sense of identity and belonging to a group. Such sports encourage
student to showcase their talent and communicate with their team members. It
also helps to identify and hone their leadership skills which add values to their
personality.
 Winning and Losing is all Part of the Game - Sports is not always about
winning. It is about fair play and believing in equality and justice. Losing is a part
and parcel of any game and accepting defeat in a positive competitive spirit
distinguishes a true sportsperson which propels him/her to strive harder the next
time to achieve what he/she missed out on the previous game.
 Boost Self-Confidence - Scoring a goal, hitting a six or winning a race not only
makes a student happy but also boost confidence. Performing in front of a crowd
which is constantly noticing your each and every move can be quite unnerving.
But a sportsperson is one with focus, patience, the right amount of confidence
having a never-say-die attitude.

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 TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL SKILLS IN PLAYING SPORTS

Technical Skills refer to basic or fundamental skills needed to play the game.
Examples of Technical Skills:
 In Basketball (dribbling, passing, and shooting)
 In Volleyball (ball reception, attacking/spiking, and setting)

Tactical Skills –refers to decision-making skills or strategies used in different

situations during the game.
 A basic example is the use of quick pass and movement against a taller but
slower opponent in basketball.
 The use of tactical decision during a game is called game sense.

Five Steps in Teaching Tactical skills

1. Distinguishing the important decision
2. Establishing essential knowledge for athletes
3. Recognizing the signals in situations
4. Giving appropriate tactical options
5. Planning a practice game

PLANNING A PRACTICE GAME

Preparation/Planning
• Date, time, and duration of training/practice
• Objectives/Goals
• Equipment needed during training/practice

Training Proper
• Warm-up/Stretching
• Teaching new skills/practice of previously taught skills
• Scrimmage/Practice game
• Cool down and assessment

CHOOSING A SPORT
Some of the considerations that will guide an individual in their choice of sports
include:
1. Weather extremities (hot or cold) for an outdoor sports activity.
2. Enjoyment derived from the activity.
3. Previous activities tried and enjoyed.
4. Financial capacity or budget. Activities like skating, golf, and scuba diving
require financial investment on equipment and actual activity.

Some of the important aspects to consider in learning a sport:

1. History 4. Technical and Tactical Skills
2. Court Dimensions/ Venue 5. Rules of the Game
3. Equipment and Gear 6. Officiating

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Exercise:
Now that you have read the text above, it is expected that you are ready to answer
the following exercises. Please answer them with sincerity.

Try These!
Activity 1.

Directions: Trace the history of sports showing the development of the sports using
timeline.

Note:

1. This output will be accomplished individually.

2. Use the table below in your output. This is the only portion that you need to submit
to your instructor.

Dates Important Events Took Place

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Activity 2.

Directions: This activity will help you determine whether you already have advanced
knowledge about sports forms. Please read carefully the instructions and write your
answers in your worksheet.
The table below is illustrating the activity forms involved in playing individual, dual
and team sports. Your task is to classify which type of sport fits each of the sports
mentioned in the table below. Write the corresponding type of sport in the space
provided at the right side of the column for different sports.
Reminder: Sports could be classified into two or more types

Individual Dual Team

Sports Activities Corresponding Types of

Sports
1. Badminton
2. Basketball
3. Beach Volleyball
4. Cricket
5. Discus Throw
6. Football
7. Hockey
8. Kick Volleyball/Sepak Takraw
9. Lawn Tennis
10.Long Jump
11.Shot put
12.Softball
13.Swimming
14.Table Tennis
15.Volleyball

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Assessment Task:
Let’s Apply!
Task 1. Explanation

Directions: Analyze the various sports activities and their impact on physical
fitness development and maintenance by writing an essay.
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Task 2. Benefits of Sports and Games

Directions: Write the following benefits of sports and games.

1. Physical benefits
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2. Emotional benefits
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3. Social benefits
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4. Mental benefits
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 Module

Nature and Background of Badminton

As you journey on this lesson, you are expected to:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Write an analysis on the importance and benefits gained from playing
badminton

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Define the word Badminton,
2. Discuss the history of badminton,
3. Identify the benefits and importance of playing Badminton, and
4. Identify the values learned from playing badminton.

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 Adoptive Sport: Badminton
On the previous module badminton is defined as a racquet sport played
using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net and the most common forms of the
game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per
side). It falls under individual/dual sports.

Why Badminton?
Badminton offers a whole host of benefits ranging from increasing life expectancy
and mobility to promoting heart and exercise for all ages and abilities. The following
are 10 Reasons why you should play badminton.

1. Badminton is a Total Body Workout

While you’re lunging, diving, running and getting your heart pumping, playing a game
of badminton can help you burn around 450 calories an hour. The varied movements
provide a powerful cardio workout by engaging the entire body, including the
hamstrings, quads, calves and core.

2. Socializing
For adults, we recommend taking 30 minutes of exercise, five times a week. Due to
increased home and work life responsibilities, some of us may be guilty of not doing
as much physical activity as we should. Badminton is a fun and flexible sport that can
be enjoyed around your busy schedule. Our courts are available to hire during the
day, in the evenings and on weekends. You can even use your workout as an
opportunity to socialize and catch-up with friends and family.

3. Badminton Improves Your Mental Wellbeing

Taking part in any form of regular physical activity helps to release our natural feel
good happy hormones, endorphins. In turn, this can help reduce depression, anxiety
and stress and improve our overall mood and sleep. Talking to other players and
rallying in singles or doubles means that badminton is a social sport. This can be
particularly beneficial in combating loneliness among older players.

4. Heart Health
A healthy heart is essential to ensure your body functions correctly and properly.
Badminton decreases the levels of ‘bad’ cholesterol, which can block your blood
vessels and improves the levels of good cholesterol. This leads to a reduced risk of
hypertension (high blood pressure), heart attack and stroke.

5. Badminton Helps Reduce Health Risks

Badminton can reduce the risks of developing type two diabetes as an adult. It
reduces the production of sugar in the liver, which in turn reduces the body’s fasting
blood sugar.

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Whereas for children and young adults, chasing the shuttlecock and moving around
the court at a fast pace can aid in developing bone mass and density. This lessens
the likelihood of osteoporosis in the future.

6. Increase Life Expectancy

A Danish study carried out on 9,000 people, found that playing a racket-based sport
such as badminton can increase your life expectancy by approximately six years.
Football can increase life expectancy by more than four years, while cycling,
swimming and jogging can each boost life expectancy by over three years.

7. Improve Mobility
As we age, our mobility gradually begins to become more limited. We can prevent
this by ensuring we lubricate our joints by keeping up with our fitness regime and
remaining active. It also helps to minimise the risk of arthritis and other joint issues.

8. Badminton is a Flexible Exercise

Everyone can enjoy badminton, regardless of your fitness or health. You can choose
a more or less intense workout by altering the pace you’re playing at. This is to suit
your individual needs and the needs and abilities of the other players.

9. Child-Friendly
With kids getting more and more tech savvy, using smart phones, tablets and the TV
as forms of entertainment. It can sometimes be difficult to motivate your children to
get out and about and take part in physical activity outside of school. By bringing
them to a badminton session they’ll be able to learn about the importance of health
and fitness and learn new skills. Plus you’ll be able to have a superb time as a whole
family.

10. Badminton is a sport allowed by the IATF as highlighted in the IATF

Resolution below:
The Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Disease
(IATF) has given the green light for the resumption of non-contact sporting activities
in areas under a general community quarantine (GCQ) due to the coronavirus disease
2019 (Covid-19).

In the IATF Resolution 38 passed on Friday and was made public on Saturday,
athletes and enthusiasts of running, biking, golf, swimming, tennis, badminton,
equestrian and skateboarding among others in GCQ regions can now play the sports
they love again "provided that the minimum public health standards such as the
wearing of masks and maintenance of physical distancing protocols and no sharing
of equipment when applicable are observed."

Source: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2020/07jul/20200716-IATF-
RESOLUTION-NO-56.pdf

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Brief History of Badminton
 Badminton has its origins in ancient civilizations in Europe and Asia.
 The ancient game known as battledore (bat or paddle) and shuttlecock
probably originated more than 2000 years ago.
 In 1600s battledore and shuttlecock were an upper-class pastime in England
and many European countries.
 Battledore and Shuttlecock were simple to sports played by people hitting a
shuttlecock backwards and forwards with a simple bat many times they could
without allowing it to the ground.
 British military officers played on 1860 in British India
 Badminton is a racket sport that is played on a court divided by a net five feet
high
 The game is played with a shuttlecock (bird)
 Can be played as singles or doubles
 The objective of the game is to hit the shuttlecock over the net so that
eventually the opponent is unable to return the shot
 In England it was called “badminton”
 In Japan, It was “Hanetsuki” and in India it was “Poon” from the town of Poona.
 Badminton Association of England was established on 1893
 In 1899, England was the first to open badminton Championships.
 During the Barcelona Olympics badminton become an official Olympic sport on
1992

Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across

a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the
game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per
side).
Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach;
formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by striking
the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the
court.
Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play
ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been called by the
umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.

TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGIES USED IN BADMINTON

Alley – refers to the extension of the court by l 1/2 feet on both sides for doubles
play.
Back Alley - refers to the area between the back boundary line and the long service
line for doubles.
Backcourt - refers to the area of the back boundary lines.

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Balk - refers to any deceptive movement that disconcerts an opponent before or
during the service; often called a "feint."
Baseline - refers to the back boundary line at each end of the court, parallel to the
net.
Carry - refers to an illegal tactic, also called a sling or throw, in which the shuttle is
caught and held on the racquet and then slung during the execution of a stroke.
Center or Base Position - refers to the location in the center of the court to which
a singles player tries to return after each shot.
Center Line - refers to the line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and
right service courts.
Clear - refers to a shot hit deep to the opponent’s back boundar>Nine. The high clear
is a defensive shot, while the flatter attacking clear is used offensively.
Court - refers to the area of play, as defined by the outer boundary lines.
Drive - refers to a fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.
Drop - refers to a shot hit sohly and with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net
on the opponent’s side.
Fault - refers to a violation of the playing rules, either in serving, receiving, or during
play
Flick - refers to a quick wrist and forearm rotation that surprises an opponent by
changing an apparently soft shot into a faster passing one; used primarily on the
serve and at the net.
Forecourt - refers to front third of the court, between the net and the short service
line.
Hairpin Net Shot - refers to the shot made from below and very close to the net
with the shuttle rising, just clearing the net, and then dropping sharply down the
other side. The shuttle’s flight approximates the shape of a hairpin.
Halfcourt Shot - refers to a shot hit low and to midcourt, used effectively in doubles
against the up-and-back formation.
Kill - refers to the fast, downward shot that cannot be returned; a "putaway."
Let - refers to a legitimate cessation of play to allow a rally to be replayed.
Long Service Line - In singles, the back boundary line. In doubles a line 2 1/2 feet
inside the back boundary line. The serve may not go past this line.
Match - refers to a series of games (at U.S. Olympic Festival-’93 it is three out of
five), to determine a winner.
Midcourt - refers to the middle third of the court, halfway between the net and the
back boundary line.
Net Shot - refers to the shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drops
sharply.
Push Shot - refers to the gentle shot played by pushing the shuttle with little wrist
motion, usually from net or midcourt to the opponent’s midcourt.
Racquet - refers to the instrument used by playerto hit shuttlecock Weight:About3
ounces. Length: 27 inches. Made of: Ceramic, graphite, or boron frame; beef-gut
string.
Rally - refers to the exchange of shots while the shuttle is in play.
Serve or Service - refers to the stroke used to put shuttlecock into play at the start
of each rally.
Service Court - refers to the area into which the serve must be delivered. Different
for singles and doubles play.

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Short Service Line - refers to the line 6 1/2 feet from the net which a serve must
reach to be legal.
Shuttlecock – refers to the official name for the object that players hit. Also known
as "birdie." Weight: .17-.19 ounces. Made of: 16 goose feathers attached to a corktip
covered with goat skin.. Usually lasts for no more than two games. The heavier the
shuttlecock, the faster it flies. Flies faster in higher temperatures and at higher
altitudes.
Smash - refers to the hard-hit overhead shot that forces the shuttle sharply
downward. Badminton’s primary attacking stroke.
Wood Shot - refers to the shot that results when the base of the shuttle is hit by the
frame of the racquet. Once illegal, this shot was ruled acceptable

To win in badminton
 Players need to employ a wide variety of strokes in the right situations.
 These range from powerful jumping smashes to delicate tumbling net
returns.
 Often rallies finish with a smash, but setting up the smash requires subtler
strokes. For example, a net shot can force the opponent to lift the
shuttlecock, which gives an opportunity to smash.
 If the net shot is tight and tumbling, then the opponent's lift will not reach
the back of the court, which makes the subsequent smash much harder to
return.

LIFE LESSONS ATTAINED FROM PLAYING BADMINTON

Badminton is one of those sports that people of any age love playing and can
be played by anyone. You can pick-up on the sport by playing it regularly. Like every
other sport, Badminton too has taught me a few lessons.

1. Master the Basics

If you master the basics of the game, then you will start enjoying the
sport. One learns to grip the racket, hit a smash, and move around the court,
how to defend and how to score. By learning the basics, you can do various
tricks and will be able to ace various skills. It is similar to life, learn what you
want to do, how you want it and why you want something, it just makes things
very simple.

2. Induce Self-Awareness
Knowing which shot you can hit without a flinch and which shot to leave,
will give you a basic idea of what your limitations are. Understanding which
stance will help you against your opposition’s weakness will give you more
power. Similarly, in life, you need to know your powers and weakness.

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 3. Physical Power is Not Everything
Most of the problems in life are solved once you stop believing that you
are physically weak and cannot do a particular task. Not everything in life
requires brawns, few things just require brains. Yes, smashes can make a lot
of difference in your smashes but knowing how to hit a smash is important.

Apart from all these, there are several other things you can learn from Badminton.
Team work is one of the important factors.

Exercise:
Now that you have read the text above, it is expected that you are ready to answer
the following exercises. Please answer them with sincerity.

Try These!

Directions: Read the following questions and give what is being asked. Write your
answers on the space provided.

1. Based from what you’ve learned from this module, describe badminton.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. What encourages you to play the sport badminton?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. What benefit/s of badminton could be implied to you? Explain Why.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

20
 4. What is your expected learnings after finishing this module?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Assessment Task:
Now that you have read the text above, it is expected that you are ready to answer
the following exercises. Please answer them with sincerity.

Let’s Apply!
Directions: Write an analysis on the importance and benefits gained from playing
badminton.

21
 Module

The Playing Court and Equipment

As you journey on this lesson, you are expected to:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Analyze the various sports activities and their impact on physical fitness
development and maintenance.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify the equipment used in badminton
2. Draw the playing court of badminton
3. Discuss the terminologies of badminton

22
 EQUIPMENT USED IN BADMINTON

SHUTTLECOCK

Shuttlecock has 16 feathers fixed in cork base covered in kid leather.

Interestingly, the best badminton Shuttlecock are made from feathers from
the left wing of a goose.

The feathers cone is measured from the tip to the top or the base
and each shuttle shall be of the same length. This length can be between
62mm and 70mm. The shuttle weigh between 4.74 to 5.50 grams.

Trivia:
Shuttlecocks were traditionally made from feathers that gathered from the left wing of the goose.

BADMINTON RACKETS
Modern Badminton Rackets are lightweight and
usually weighs below 100 grams. The frame of
the Racket ca be made of steel, aluminum,
carbon, fiber, ceramic, boron or a combination o
same of these. It shall not exceed 680mm in
overall length and 230mm in overall width.

Badminton strings have different

gauge, numbers to indicate class or diameter of
the strings. Thicker strings will have lower gauge
number A 20-gauge sting is thicker than 22
gauge one.

Thicker strings are more durable and

gamer more control but not as powerful. Thinner
strings will give you more zip and power but they
do not last long.

BADMINTON SHOES
Good pair of badminton
shoes must provide good grip,
cushioning and some flexibility at the
forefoot. NEVER WEAR JOGGING
SHOES to play badminton. These shoes
have thicker soles and lack the stability
needed for badminton. You might end
up twisting your ankles.

23
BADMINTON COURT DIMENSIONS
The badminton court is 13.4m long and 6.1m wide. For singles the court is
marked 5.18m wide. The lines marking out the court are easily distinguishable and
colored white or yellow. The lines are
40mm wide.

A court may be marked out for

singles only. The back boundary lines
also become the long service lines and
the posts or the strips of material
representing them are placed on the
side lines. The diagonal full length of
the full court is 14.366m.

Posts
The posts are 1.55m high from
the surface of the court and remain vertical when the net is strained. The posts are
placed on the double side lines irrespective of whether singles or doubles is played.
The posts or supports must not extend into the court beyond the side lines.

Where it is not practicable to have posts on the side lines, some method can
be used to indicate the position of the side lines where they pass under the net, e.g.
by the use of thin posts or strips of material 40mm wide, fixed to the side lines and
rising vertically to the net cord.

Net

The net is 760mm in depth and a

minimum of 6.1m wide. The top of the net from
the surface of the court is 1.524m at the centre
of the court and 1.55m over the side lines for
doubles.

There must be no gaps between the ends

of the net and the posts. If necessary, the full
depth of the net at the ends is tied to the posts.

24
Exercise:
Now that you have read the text above, it is expected that you are ready to answer
the following exercises. Please answer them with sincerity.

Try These!
Task 1
Directions: List down the equipment used in badminton and explain the importance
of each equipment. (Note: You can use a separate page for this activity)

Task 2. Sketching (50 points)

Directions: Sketch the playing court of badminton for singles only. Put a proper
labeling and exact measurement on each and every part.
(Note: You can use a separate page for this activity)

25
Assessment Task:
Now that you have read the text above, it is expected that you are ready to answer
the following exercises. Please answer them with sincerity.

Let’s Apply!
Directions: Analyze the various sports activities and their impact on physical fitness
development and maintenance.

26
 Module

FUNDAMENTALS SKILLS of badminton

As you journey on this lesson, you are expected to:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Execute the fundamental skills of badminton

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify different skills in badminton
2. Explain and discuss the importance purpose of different skills in badminton
3. Differentiate the strokes used in badminton

27
 Concept:
Badminton is a fairly easy game to learn and fun to play casually and
competitively. Basic badminton skills include learning how you hold the racket, serve
the shuttle and move your feet. You can practice drills to improve your game. Rules
and scoring are established for singles and doubles games.

BADMINTON SKILLS
Grip: Fundamental Skills of Badminton
The right grip in holding the racket is important to achieve
control on shots while avoiding the chances of a wrist
injury. A proper grip will allow you to play both backhand
and forehand strokes effortlessly.

Holding a racket is similar to a friendly handshake. Just

the thumb will be comfortably placed against the wider
surface of the handle grip. The rest of the hand will imitate
a handshake. Remember to keep the handshake friendly,
avoiding a tight grip. It will hinder the flexibility in motion
and also might lead to wrist injuries in the long term.

Backhand and forehand Grip: Basic skills in

badminton
The only difference while playing the two kinds of strokes
is in the use of fingers.
 Push the index finger forward while playing
forehand strokes.
 Push the thumb forward while playing backhand
strokes.

Stance: Badminton Skills

The stance is how you stand while playing
badminton, both in between a rally and before
the serve. A stable and correct stance will bring
a huge change in the results due to easier
movement. There are three types of stance:

Attacking Stance
It is used to get into position before playing an
overhead forehand stroke. To stand in the
attacking stance turn your body facing the
sidelines with racket leg behind and both legs
shoulder-width apart. Now raise both racket
and non-racket arms to generate the power to
attack the shuttle on its downward trajectory.

28
Defensive Stance
To defend the opponent’s smash, you need to be prepared with the defensive stance.
Face the body to the net and place your racket in front at waist height, slightly
pointing forward. You can keep the non-racket arm as comfortable while ensuring a
better balance.

Net Stance
This stance is to be ready for the opponent’s return after playing a net shot. To play
this shot, place your foot on the racket side forward while keeping a non-racket foot
at the back. Place the racket in front of the body, slightly above waist height while
raising the non-racket arm. Shift the body weight slightly forward to be ready to
pounce forward.

Footwork: Badminton Skills

Badminton is played on a court with limited space, and the athletes have to take care
of the same while playing. Footwork plays a huge role in helping with an effective
and organized movement on the court. In fact, some coaches even raise footwork to
prime importance over other skills.

Tips for proper footwork

 Always remember the base
(starting point).
 Move only 2-3 steps backward.
 Shuffle only 1 step sidewards.
 Move only 2-3 steps front.

Serve: Badminton Skills

Service is among the most basic skill that you need to master in Badminton. Also,
you should ensure to make a legal service otherwise it might lead to penalty points.
Check out Badminton rules and dimensions here.

There can be 2 types of service in badminton, depending on the landing aim of the
shuttle.

High Serve
High serve aims at the back-end corner of
the opponent’s court. Ideally, a good high
serve results in the shuttle dropping
steeply downwards at the back end of the
court. In fact, a high serve is presented to
opponents having the ability to executing
a strong smash. You can always expect a
lob or a drop from your opponent as a
reply to a properly executed high serve.

Generally, it is recommended to serve the shuttle to the opponent’s backhand area.

This to exploit the weaker backhand that exists in the game of most of the players.

29
Low Serve
Unlike high serve, the low serve aims to the
front of the court. The objective is to let the
shuttle fly just above the net landing in the
front corner of the court. In this case, your
opponent has the opportunity to dash
forward and smash the shuttle to you if the
execution is poor.

Smash: Badminton Skills

Smash is the most potent and powerful stroke in badminton which naturally turns
out to be the most familiar term to all. The shot is basically to hit the shuttle
powerfully towards the opponent’s body or downward on the court. A perfectly
executed smash has no defense. This badminton skill is the most aggressive and
technical one. Fundamentally there are 3 types of smashes:

Forehand smash
The forehand is an overhead smash
which is similar to the action of
throwing a ball. You shouldn’t have a
problem playing this stroke if you can
throw a ball well. This skill in
badminton acts as a game-changer for
beginners.

Backhand smash
This is one of the toughest strokes in badminton, and even
experts face difficulty in playing the stroke. Still, it is
important to practice and get the technique to rise in the
skill level. To execute this stroke, getting the backhand
grip is extremely important. Also, it is equally important
to return back to stance. Backhand smash skill in
badminton requires years of practice and consistency.

Jumping smash
A forehand smash with a timed jump added to it counts
under jumping smash. This skill in badminton is the most
glamorous of all.

Interested to learn how to smash? Visit this link:

https://www.wikihow.com/Smash-in-Badminton

30
Drop Shot
Amongst all the basic skills in Badminton, the drop shot is the most technical one.
Badminton Drop Shots are delicate badminton shots that can win you points that aim
at scoring points in deception.
Played with both backhand
and forehand, these are used
to move the opponent to the
frontcourt. This creates space
in the midcourt and backcourt
for you to exploit. There are
slow and fast drop shots,
played judging the situation.
This fundamental badminton
skill if developed properly can
turn an intermediate player
into an expert.

Clear or Lob
The lob shot in Badminton can be imagined as a shot with an inverted ‘U’ trajectory.
It is normally played from the forecourt with an aim to lift or ‘lob’ the shuttle over
the opponent. The idea is to land it as near to the baseline as it is, at an angle that
is impossible to clear. This is similar to the drop in challenging the opponent with
sudden motion backward this time. It can also be executed by both backhand and
forehand. This generally results in the creation of space in the front and midcourt,
opening plenty of opportunities. It is one of the basic badminton skill one can learn
with practice without joining coaching.

31
Exercise:
Now that you have read the text above, it is expected that you are ready to answer
the following exercises. Please answer them with sincerity.

Try These!
Task 1
Directions: Read and Answer the following questions. Write your answers on the
space provided.
1. Explain why proper grip in holding the racket is really important.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. What is the importance of different stance in badminton?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. Explain why footwork is an essential skill in badminton.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Task 2
Directions: Differentiate the following stokes in badminton by describing each based
on purpose, use and importance. Write your answers on the space provided.
1. Serve 2. Drop

2. Smash 4. Clear or Lob

32
Assessment Task:
Now that you have read the text above, it is expected that you are ready to answer
the following exercises. Please answer them with sincerity.

Let’s Apply!
Practical Demonstration
Directions: Execute the fundamental skills of badminton properly. Document each and
every activity. You may attach the pictures on the space provided or create a short video
presentation or do both.

1. Grip

2. Stance

33
3. Footwork

4. Serve

5. Smash

34
6. Drop Shot

7. Clear/Lob

35
 Module

5
Badminton
Rules and
Mechanics

As you journey on this lesson, you are expected to:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Create a video presentation explaining the rules and mechanics of badminton

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Execute the hand signals in officiating badminton
2. Identify the rules and mechanics of badminton
3. Create a reflective essay based from the experience gained from playing and
officiating badminton.

36
Rules of Badminton
 Game can take place with either two (singles) or four (doubles) players
 An official match has to be played indoors on the proper court dimensions. The
dimensions are 6.1m by 13.4m. The net is situated through the middle of the
court and is set at 1.55m.
 To score a point the shuttlecock must hit within the parameters of the
opponents’ court.
 If the shuttlecock hits the net or lands out then a point is awarded to your
opponent.
 Players must serve diagonally across the net to their opponent. As points are
won then serving stations move from one side to the other. There are no
second serves so if your first serve goes out then your opponent wins the point.
 A serve must be hit underarm and below the server’s waist. No overarm serves
are allowed.
 Each game will start with a toss to determine which player will serve first and
which side of the court the opponent would like to start from.
 Once the shuttlecock is ‘live’ then a player may move around the court as they
wish. They are permitted to hit the shuttlecock from out of the playing area.
 If a player touches the net with any part of their body or racket then it is
deemed a fault and their opponent receives the point.
 A fault is also called if a player deliberately distracts their opponent, the
shuttlecock is caught in the racket then flung, the shuttlecock is hit twice or if
the player continues to infract with the laws of badminton.
 Each game is umpired by a referee on a high chair who overlooks the game.
There are also line judges who monitor if the shuttlecock lands in or not. The
referee has overriding calls on infringements and faults.
 Let may be called by the referee if an unforeseen or accidental circumstance
arose. These may include the shuttlecock getting stuck in the bet, server
serving out of turn, one player was not ready or a decision which is too close
to call.
 The game has only two rest periods coming the form of a 90 second rest after
the first game and a 5-minute rest period after the second game.
 If the laws are continuously broken by a player then the referee holds the
power to dock that player of points with persisting fouls receiving a forfeit of
the set or even the match.

General Rules
 Winners of the first game must serve first in the next game
 Teams change sides after each game
 Any shuttle landing on the lines are good
 During a rally, if the shuttle touches the net and goes over it is good

37
Score Rules
 Each game is played to 21 points. A match is the best of three games
 At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite
service courts
 When the serving side losses a rally, the serve immediately passes to their
opponent.
 In singles, the server stands in their right service court when their score is
even and in her/his left service court when her/his score is odd.
 In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same player continues to serve
but he/she changes service courts so that she/he serves to a different
opponent each time. If the opponents win a rally and their new score is even,
the player in the right service court serves; if odd, the player in the left service
court serves. The player’s service courts are determined by their positions at
the start of the previous rally, not by where they were standing at the end of
the rally.
 If the score reaches 20 – all, then the game continues until one side gains a
two-point lead (such as 24-22), up to a maximum of 30 points (30-29 is a
winning game).

General Faults
A general fault occurs if:
 The bird falls outside the court (if it falls on a boundary line it is good)
 A player is struck by the bird
 A player hits the bird twice in succession or a player and partner hit the bird
on successive shots
 The bird is struck before it crosses the net (however, a racket may follow
through over the net).
 A player touches the net while the bird is in play
 A player catches the bird instead of letting it drop
 The bird is carried on the racket
 A player obstructs an opponent

Badminton Fouls
These are the 5 common badminton fouls that a player could commit in a badminton
game.

1. Contact Fault
2. Over the Net Fault
3. Service Fault
4. Receiver Fault
5. Double Hit

38
What is the penalty for a fault?
You lose the rally and your opponent will be awarded with ONE point. So make sure
you understand these common fouls to avoid losing unnecessary points to your
opponent.

1. Contact Fault
When a rally is in play, this means when a serve has been delivered, there are TWO
things that you cannot touch during the rally.

Badminton Net. You and your racket cannot touch the net in the middle of a rally.
Shuttlecock. You can hit the shuttle with the racket only. But you or any part of
your body cannot touch the shuttle in the middle of a rally. Even if the shuttle touches
your shirt, pants, leg, etc., it is still a contact fault.

2. Over the Net Fault

Scenario 1 – FAULT
FAULT because I take the shuttle when it’s still on my
opponent’s side.
I can only take the shuttle after it has fly over to my
side.

Scenario 2 – Correct (No Fault)

Not a fault because I take the shuttle after it crosses the net.
I am also allowed to
follow through with my
racket after I hit the
shuttle. Even if my
racket crosses over to
my opponent’s side, it
is fine.
To sum things up, you
are NOT allowed to take
the shuttle when it’s
still on your opponent’s
side. As long as you
obey this, your racket
can go over the net.

39
3. Service Fault

When you are delivering a service, be aware of the

possible badminton fouls and try to avoid it.
Service faults often happen when you perform the
low serve.
It’s even more commonly committed when you
perform the low serve and flick serve in a doubles
game. This is because players will try very hard to
make their serve pass right above the net. It may
sound simple but it’s definitely not an easy task for
short players.
Ok the official rules may look complicated but I’ll
simplify it for you. To avoid a service fault when
serving:
 The shuttle must be struck from below your
waist (lowest rib bone).
 Your racket head must be pointing at a
downward direction when you hit the shuttle.
 Your racket must swing in an upward
direction.

Sometimes it is difficult to detect whether a player obeyed the 3 conditions above.

However there is an unofficial way to determine whether a service fault is committed.
If your serve is legal, there is NO way that you can hit a low serve that looks like a
drive… unless your waist line is as high as the top of the net!

4. Receiver Fault
This one’s pretty straight forward.
When receiving a serve from your opponent, you cannot move your feet away from
where you’re standing.
Otherwise it’s a receiver’s fault. You can only move after your opponent has struck
the shuttle.

5. Double Hit
When the shuttle comes to your side, you have only ONE attempt to hit the shuttle.
Once your racket makes contact with the shuttle, you cannot hit it again until your
opponent returns the shot.

40
Hand Signals

Umpire

Service Judges

41
42
Line Judges

43
 Additional Learnings!
Badminton Strategies
Being able to use Badminton Strategies in your game is essential in winning
you crucial points and games. Just knowing how to smash powerfully will not bring
you success if you don't have a game plan. You have to use some badminton tactics
and badminton strategies to outwit your opponent.
Always remember that you are trying to make your opponent play a weak shot
in which you will be able to make a 'kill'. Too many beginners try to make every shot
a winning shot instead of a negotiating shot to play a winning game.

Singles Badminton Strategies

 One simple badminton strategy often used in singles is to serve long and high
to your opponent's back court. This will force your opponent to move back to
the baseline and open up his forecourt.
 Throw in some disguised low serve occasionally and you might just catch your
opponent off guard and win a point outright.
 Nowadays in professional men's singles, you seldom see them use the long
serve. This is because the professional players are extremely athletic and
possess great techniques. They can jump really high and smash powerfully
even from the baseline.
 It all depends who you are playing with. If the high serve turns out to be your
opponent's favorite and put you under pressure, use the low serve.
 Always try to hit the shuttle away from your opponent and make your
opponent move around the court. One exception to this rule is that when you
encounter a tall opponent, you might want to smash straight to his body to
gain an advantage.
 Observe your opponent's strength, weakness, favorite shots and pattern of
play. Use it to your advantage.
 Your aim is to make your opponent play a weak return, such as a weak
backhand shot from the back court. If your plan works and forces a mistake
or a poor return which you can make a 'kill', use it again. If it is not working
then have the courage to make changes.
 The key is to be flexible.
 If you are in a difficult situation in the game and your opponent is not, you
need to make time for yourself to get back to a favorable position. Do this by
hitting the shuttle high towards the back of the court, preferably near the
middle of the baseline. Your opponent will find it difficult to catch you out with
acute angled returns from there.
 Remember always to get back to your base position in the midcourt area after
making each shot. This is a position where you can possibly reach any of your
opponent's shots.

44
Doubles Badminton Strategies

 In doubles play, the tactic is to serve low so that the serving side would not
be placed in a defensive position. If you are serving low, take position on the
front and part of the midcourt area immediately. Your partner shall then cover
the back court. This is known as the Attacking Formation (Front-Back).
 You can also use the flick serve to prevent your opponent from rushing to the
net. But you and your partner will have to take up a defensive position
standing side by side. This is known as the Defensive Formation (side-
side).
 When you defend, try to hit the shuttle deep into your opponent's court. This
is to prevent your opponent in the front position intercepting the shuttle from
mid to front court.
 When a chance presents itself, push or drive the shuttle to the area in between
your opponents. Or make a return to the front court of your opponents, forcing
them to lift the shuttle.
 In this instance, the player who played that shot will have to take up the front
position immediately while the partner takes the back. An attacking formation
shall be formed. If you are taking the back position, your aim is to make shots
that can create openings for your partner to 'kill' in the front court.
 In all types of doubles play, teamwork is the key in forming a formidable
partnership. Although an ideal player will be skillful in all areas of the court,
most will either show greater flair around the net or be more effective with
overhead shots.
 You and your partner have to figure out how to make the best out of your
skills together. Play to your own strengths and your opponent's weaknesses.
 You will find this much easier if you communicate well with each other. Do
not leave it to guesswork! Talk to your partner. Is there a leader in the
partnership or is it all a matter of shared responsibility? A quick word on
court might change the result of a game which is slipping away from you.

Mixed Doubles Badminton Strategies

 In mixed doubles, the women usually play in the front of the court, and her
partner takes the shots that get past her. The man should try to hit downward
shots or horizontal shots, while the woman should play net kills and tight net
shots.
 Both players should be in a good position to push the shuttle low over the net
to the mid court area, just past the front player's area but in front of the back
player.
 The woman should always assume a front position in an attacking formation
(Front-Back) unless forced to move to the back. When defending, the
defensive formation (Side-Side) is used. Apply flick serve frequently to the
woman receiver forcing her to the back court.

45
Assessment Task:
Now that you have read the text above, it is expected that you are ready to answer
the following exercises. Please answer them with sincerity.

Let’s Apply!
TASK 1: Vlogging
Directions: Create a Short Video Presentation/Vlog of you discussing the rules and
mechanics of playing badminton.

TASK 2: Apply and Reflect

Directions: Based from your learnings in this module, play and officiate a
badminton game. Write reflective essay about your experience playing badminton.
Create a documentation whether through video presentation or photo collage on a
separate page.

46
TASK 3: Demonstration
Directions: Execute the hand signals in officiating badminton. Attached your
personal picture with captions explaining each processes on the box provided. You
can also do this on a separate page.

Misconduct Shuttle is out

Shuttle is in Unsighted

47
References:

Badmintonwa (2020). Badminton: About the game. Retrieved from

https://www.badmintonwa.org.au/about-game

Calo,L (1984). Organization and Management of Athletic Meets: A handbook

in athletic competitions. Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Olympic Channel (2019). Badminton: How to play, rules, and all you need
to know. Retrieved from https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/
features/detail/badminton-guide-how-to-play-rules-olympic-history/

Badminton World Federation’s Handbook II 2014/15 - Laws and

General Competition Regulations - Section 1A - Laws of Badminton.
https://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/

Prepared by:

YSRAEL BJ R. FORIO
EARL L. FRANCISCO
Faculty

Approved by:

JUN P. DALISAY, RGC, Ph.D

Dean, College of Education

48