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FEA Knowledge 1.1

1) FEA requires careful modeling and interpretation to produce accurate results. Inaccurate modeling led to an underestimate of stresses by 47% for an oil platform that later sank. 2) Thorough planning, accurate modeling of loads, supports, and material behavior, and verification of results are needed for best practices in FEA. 3) Guidelines for FEA best practices include the Department of Defense, AIAA, and ASME standards which provide frameworks for modeling, verification, validation, and quantifying uncertainties.

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49 views20 pages

FEA Knowledge 1.1

1) FEA requires careful modeling and interpretation to produce accurate results. Inaccurate modeling led to an underestimate of stresses by 47% for an oil platform that later sank. 2) Thorough planning, accurate modeling of loads, supports, and material behavior, and verification of results are needed for best practices in FEA. 3) Guidelines for FEA best practices include the Department of Defense, AIAA, and ASME standards which provide frameworks for modeling, verification, validation, and quantifying uncertainties.

Uploaded by

APURV THE Black Horse DRV
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FEA Best Practices

1
Introduction

• FEA is not a black box; it


is a tool that can be
abused.
abused
• It is an approximation
• Careful modeling g and
interpretation of results
• Garbage in, garbage out!
Example: Sleipner A Oil Platform

• Concrete structure with 24 cells,


sankk iin 1991 d
during
i prep ffor d
deckk
installation
• Extensive FEA was performed, but
inaccurate modeling of the tricells,
the frame where three cells met,
led to an underconservative design
• Shear stresses were
underestimated byy 47%
How can this be prevented?

• Thorough planning
• Careful modeling
• Accurate
A t lloading
di andd
modeling of supports
• Thorough verification of
results
Accurate Results Depend on:

• Understanding the physics of the problem


• Understanding
U d t di th the b
behavior
h i off ththe elements
l t
• Selecting the correct element, the number of
elements, and their distribution
• Critically evaluating the results and making
modification in the conceptual model to improve their
accuracy
• Understanding the effects of the simplifications and
assumptions used

Using FEA wisely requires using best practices: this


seminar presents many of these, and discusses how to
develop best practices for your process.
Guidelines for Best Practices

• Department of Defense’s Defense Modeling and


Simulation Office
– Recommended practices for large-scale
simulations
– Does not focus on first-principles
first principles directly
• American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
(AIAA) has the Guide for the Verification and
Validation of Computational
p Fluid Dynamics
y
Simulations
• FEA now has the recently formed ASME PTC 60
committee on Verification and Validation
– Recently published Guide for Verification and
Validation in Computational Mechanics
V&V 10-2006

• Provides structural mechanics community with:


– Common
C llanguage
– Conceptual framework
– General guidance for implementing V&V
• NOT a step-by-step guide!
– Glossaryy of terms
– Figures illustrating a recommended overall
approach
– Discussions of factors that should be considered
• Written as guidance to developing V & V processes
V&V 10-2006: Elements of V&V

Intended Use

Modeling Activities Experimental Activities


-Model Development -Experimental design
-Verification -Initial and boundary conditions
-Predictive Calculations -Response measurements
-Uncertainty assessment -Uncertainty assessment

Validation

Application
V&V

• Model is validated for a specified use


– e.g., for
f a certain
t i range off lloads
d
• Modeler should quantify the uncertainties
– Due to inherent variability of parameters
– Lack of knowledge of the parameters
– Model form
• Combine with calculation verification to get overall
uncertainty estimate
• Not always possible to test the full range of interest
– Should still develop a plan of V&V
Best Practices Approach

• Plan your analysis


• Materials
• Model geometry
– Element choice
– Meshing
– Simplifications
• Supports and Loads
• Model Calibration
• Verification
Plan your analysis

• Wh
Whatt are th
the d
design
i objectives?
bj ti ?
– What do you need to know?
– Why
Wh are you d doing
i FEA?
• What is the design criteria?
– What engineering criteria will be used to
evaluate the design?
Plan your analysis

• What are you trying to find out?


• How
H much h off th
the structure
t t needsd tto b
be
modeled?
• What are the boundary conditions and loads?
• Do you need to know stresses, displacements,
frequency,
q y, buckling g or temperature?
p
• Get ballpark figures through hand-calculations
or test data, so you have an idea of how the
structure
t t will
ill b
behave
h andd what
h t numbers
b are
reasonable.
Analysis Decisions

• Analysis type
• How to idealize material properties
• Geometry details/simplifications
• Element type/options
• What are the supports or constraints
• What are the loads
Type of analysis

• Is it static or dynamic?
– Are the loads applied gradually, or quickly?
– Vibrations? Seismic?
• Linear or nonlinear?
– Are there large deflections?
– Nonlinear materials?
– Contact?
Is it really static?

• Static analysis assumes that inertial and


d
damping i effects
ff t are negligible
li ibl
• You can use time-dependency of loads as a
way to choose between static and dynamic
analysis.
– If the loading is constant over a relatively
long period of time, choose a static
analysis.
Is it really static?

• In general, if the excitation frequency is less


th 1/3 off th
than the structure’s
t t ’ llowestt natural
t l
frequency, a static analysis may be
acceptable
• Cyclic loads can be modeled by a harmonic
analysis rather than full transient
Linear vs. Nonlinear

• Nonlinear structural behavior is a changing


structural
t t l stiffness
tiff
• Several types of nonlinearities:
– Geometric
G
– Material (e.g., plasticity, hyperelasticity)
– Changing Status (e.g., contact)
Geometric Nonlinearities

• Large deflections
• Large
L rotation
t ti
• Stress stiffening
– Cables
– Membranes
• Membrane under
deformation picks
up bending stiffness
– Spinning
S i i structures
t t
Material Nonlinearities

• Plasticity
• Creep/Viscoelasticity
– Rate dependence
• Viscoplasticity t
– Time dependent
• Hyperelasticity
Yield Point y

Unloading

Elastic Plastic
Changing Status Nonlinearities

• Contact

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