FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

KAMPUS PUNCAK PERDANA

(IMC401) FOUNDATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT 3:
THE APPLICATION OF ICT IN
ONLINE DISTANCE LEARNING IN MALAYSIA

PREPARED FOR:
MISS NORZURAIZA RINA BINTI AHMAD

PREPARED BY:

1. SITI NURFADZILAH BINTI DOLLAH (2021461598)

2. RAIDAH BINTI MAT RAZALI (2021862616)
3. NURUL NABILAH BINTI MOHAMAD RADZI (2021603608)
4. NURUL AIN BALQIS BINTI AHMAD ZULFFI (2021453848)

DATE OF SUBMISSION:

13th FEBRUARY 2022

 TABLE OF CONTENT:

CONTENT PAGES

Acknowledgement 1

1.0 introduction 2

2.0 situation Analysis 3-4

3.0 application of Computers or Users of Devices Usage

3.1 describe The Situation Before and After Using Computer 5-8

3.2 the benefits and the negative of application or usage of computer 9-14
and devices

4.0 recommendation and conclusion 15-17

References 18
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

the success and end of this assignment a great deal of direction and assistance from a
large number of people, and we are fortunate to have received it all at the same time as we
finished our assignment. First and foremost, we would like to give thanks to Miss Norzuraiza
Rina Binti Ahmad, For all of miss assistance and advice. We are thankful that we were able
to complete this task in the time given.

We’d like to express our gratitude to each group member for their exceptional
collaboration in finishing this task. When we do not collaborate, this task will not be
completed well, and it will be difficult to complete.

Finally, we would like to thank all those who were directly or indirectly involved in
helping us complete this assignment.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Information and communication technology (ICT) is playing a significant role in

online distance learning (ODL) in order to satisfy the need and aspirations of students around
the world. Because of the limited resources, it is will be hard to complete the task using any
traditional institutional framework. ICT has a wide range of well-established tools and
technology to meet the demands of learners at different phases of the learning cycle. Learners
in an online distance learning system come from all over the world and are spread our cross a
large area. Online distance learning (ODL) already been used all over the world for decades
in the institutions. With the situation of the pandemic of COVID-19 now, its deployment has
been accelerated at an unprecedented rate and haste around the world. Recently, the entire
world has been affected by the coronavirus illness (COVID-19), which it causes a huge
problem in economic and also educational sector, and including Malaysia. Because of the
outbreak, due to a lack of human resources, it is difficult for a student come visit the
institution every day just to obtain a service or support that would be available in a traditional
system, and it is will be hard for the institution to provide a variety of services to learners at
various stages of their learning life cycle. Because of that, a new context for all of the tools,
services and devices has been provided by the information and communication technology
(ICT) that aid students and throughout the epidemic, the enjoy planning everything as normal
and more conveniently. Furthermore, because technological innovation has encouraged
consumers to use computers, computer devices and mobile devices, as well as online
platforms, to access information, the digitalization of ICT in education is critical. Using
information and communication technology (ICT) to overcome these limitations is critical
during the epidemic era.

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2.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS

Online Distance Learning (ODL) is a way of education during these hard times of
Covid-19 viruses. It is the right kind of education at the moment of the viruses. It going like a
method of study where educators and students do not meet in classroom but use the internet
platform for classes. Whereby means the education using online platforms as interaction
between the educators and students. As example, the learning session done using google meet
platform. This online distance learning is the only safe way for everyone.

It obviously proved that education is really important no matter what of the concern
by government of making this initiative. However, can’t deny that this matter also brought
some issues. One of the issues of this Online Distance Learning (ODL) is the complicated in
technology. Either the tools or connection problems. Online Distance Learning (ODL)
require at least a smartphone but for better convenience students supposed to have a laptop or
computer. They need to do such as google meet during learning session. Furthermore, this
technology issue also about the poor internet connection. Some students are stay at inland
area. So, that’s why some of them couldn’t reach better connection.

Another issue is high chance of distraction. Some students didn’t have a better place
to continue their learning session. Some students may have comfortable study place. This is
because there are family who have many siblings or family members and there are also
family who lives in narrow house. So, this could disturb student to stay focus and finishing
their works with easy. Without face to face some students also can lose focus because they
can adapt more with physical class. They can even ask their educators about certain topic that
they don’t really understand directly

Online Distance Learning (ODL) also have some advantages. One of the advantages
is there is no need for commuting. So, students don’t need to spend money and time
commuting to and from class or college. For example, the money used to spend on their
transport will be save. They can enjoy their learning sessions with comfort in their home.
They also, don’t have to wait at crowded and stuck at traffic light with full of stress. They can
continue their study with calmness.

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 Other than that, it also brought convenient learning. There are some students going to
school is rather intimidating. There is even some reason cause of intimidating such as peer
pressure and got bullied. So, they are uncomfortable and afraid to go there. They also can’t
perform because of losing focus. They even feel shy to ask some question to their educators.
Therefore, a disciplined and self-motivated student can learn at his or her own pace. That
means students with different abilities can have the opportunity to understand the course in
much detail.

Despite it have few drawbacks, Online Distance Learning (ODL) still provide safe
and right option for students, educators and also the public. They enjoy greater convenience
and flexibility in studies. However, studying online open up opportunities for students to use
the benefits of technology to become ICT expert.

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3.0 APPLICATION OR USAGE OF COMPUTER AND DEVICES

3.1 DESCRIBE THE SITUATION BEFORE AND AFTER USING COMPUTER

1. The use of laptop, tablets and desktops before situation

The use of laptops, tablets and desktops before Online Distance Learning (ODL) are
already important among students and educators. Moreover, in doing assignment. Students
often use laptop as for research of their assignment. They use it to get more information and
also, they use it to do presentation once settling the assignment. They have to do slides of
presentation in their laptops. They can even save important videos or downloaded documents
of their studies about another information got from educators. Likewise, the educators use it
to give more notes to the students.

Besides that, tablets are also useful even before Online Distance Learning (ODL).
Students use it to do their own notes. Tablets are easy to write notes and can carry
everywhere. It’s different than laptops because laptops are big and heavy so the risk to fall
and broke is high than using tablets. So, they can study randomly wherever they are at. They
can snap any notes given from the educators randomly. So, it easy and already been use
before Online Distance Learning (ODL).

Other than that, desktop is the most important technology tools especially in school or
college before Online Distance Learning (ODL) has ever happen. It convenient for students
moreover to those who are not being able to afford even laptops or tablets. Students use the
desktop to do their project research. They also can use the desktop to print their document
that they got from it. Usually, desktop is prepared in information communication technology
(ICT) laboratory at schools.

2. The use of laptop, tablets and desktops after situation

The use of laptop, tablets and desktop after situation are important enough to making
this Online Distance learning (ODL) session going smoothly. After Online Distance Learning
(ODL) happened students are more needy the laptops as their tools. They have to use it for
learning session and even finishing the task given by their educators. They also still use it to
do their assignment project and the presentation. Not much of the change. Just few things
increase in using it. Laptops become the most important things at the time. Everything needs
to refer in laptops. The learning session by laptops are like Google Meet and Zoom Meeting.

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 Other than that, the use of tablets after Online Distance Learning (ODL) are also the
same. Students can use it to do their own notes. Not to forget, it’s privileged to architecture
and art students because they can use tablets to draw their work in it. So, their work can be
done easily using tablets. They can also watch video inspiration of their works through
internet. Students can also continue their class session and finishing their task using tablets.

Besides that, the use of desktop after Online Distance Learning (ODL) are the same as
laptops and tablets. Desktop is the most comfortable among the laptops and tablets because
the screen is bigger. Students still can do their learning session and finishing the task given.
They can also do their assignment and research with it.

3. The use of smartphones before situation

Before Online Distance Learning (ODL) smartphones are basically use by students as
chatting with friends for discussing works and even chatting the educators of something they
don’t understand. Also use to capture notes that has been written by teachers or lecturers on
whiteboard and even by slides. Furthermore, students also use smartphones to do research of
any information. Smartphones also has speciality that can bring anywhere like tablets because
it is light. It smaller than tablets. Smartphones got a place the most among students. They
most preferable smartphones than other tools.

4. The use of smartphones after situation

After Online Distance Learning (ODL) happens the use of smartphones getting
increase because it more convenience. Students can easily do the learning session by their
smartphones. Even they have some other things to do like cleaning the house to help them
mother they can still listen to the lectures. They can also communicate and discuss with their
educators easily through social media platform such as WhatsApp and telegram. They can
even make video call among them to discuss assignment project. Even educators can easily
reach their documents using telegram. The smartphones are really the first choice among
students.

5. The use of e-book before situation

Before Online Distance Learning (ODL) the use of e-book is rarely got the place. It is
because students are usually just going to the library to read any books. They can even easily
choose any books they want including novel. There are also some students more prefer e-
book because they tend to stay alone rather than go out. So those students who are read the e-

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book can enjoy it peacefully. They use the e-book to find their academic text. Their academic
text can be found easily just by search it via web. So, the e-book is already useful to students
before Online Distance Learning (ODL).

6. The use of e-book after situation

After Online Distance Learning (ODL) the use of e-book is increase among students.
It is because they can’t get reading material or book at libraries. Each of them is only can
depends on e-book. So, they have to read those things needed from e-book. Students also can
easily find their important academic book fast. They can complete their assignment by
finding information and important things from e-book. The e-book can be got easily from
technology tools like smartphones. Other than that, some of universities making initiative to
often activate their online libraries as the use for students. It easy for students access to their
own universities libraries wherever they are at.

7. The use of wi-fi before situation

Before Online Distance Learning (ODL), the use of wi-fi is already a necessity among
students and educators. During this era wi-fi is a must because everything now needs wi-fi.
The use of wi-fi before Online Distance Learning (ODL) is to stay connect so the chatting
with friends and educators will be going on. It also for students to save documents and
finding information. Students are also need wi-fi like at school. So, they can do research
easily and can finishing their project assignment. They can use desktop in their school to do
their works. They will remain doing their works even in school especially to those who are
less fortunate.

8. The use of wi-fi after situation

During pandemic COVID-19, students cannot attend a physical class like usually but
must attend their online class at home. The usage of wi-fi is becoming increasingly crucial
after online distance learning (ODL). Students must have a robust internet connection in
order to participate in online distance learning (ODL) classes offered on platforms like
Google Meet, Webex and Zoom. Students may also utilize social media, messaging apps and
chat forums to remain in touch with their professors and classmates at the times thanks to the
utilization of wi-fi. Wi-Fi has grown in importance as a tool for better teaching and learning.
By posting educational resources (notes and videos) on the institution's official website or
forum, it may be utilized as a teaching tool. The usage of wi-fi before and after online

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distance learning is comparable but since all of the learning sessions are held online including
submitting their work and assignments, the use of wi-fi is similar. Wi-Fi is almost universally
utilised throughout the entire process of online distance learning not only for attending online
classes or looking for learning materials on the internet (ODL).

9. The use of printer before situation

Prior to the implementation of online distance learning (ODL), a printer was regularly
used and had become a need for practically everyone not just students. A printer is a piece of
equipment that transforms text and visual output from a computer to paper. Students use a
printer to print out their notes and assignments before online distance learning (ODL). A
printer is a must-have in today's society whether it's at an office, a house or a university.
Some papers, such as reports, group projects and assignments, must be printed by students. A
printer will be required for all of these locations. Educators’ utiliser a printer before using
online distance learning (ODL) to print out their lessons and notes material in a printed
version to share and deliver to their students. Students must submit their work in a printed
version before beginning online distance learning, thus it is critical to use the printer
throughout the physical learning process.

10. The use of printer after situation

When online distance learning (ODL) is being held, the usage of a printer is not as
common as it once was because much of the work is done and completed through an online
platform. However, other students continued to use the printer to print off crucial papers or
lecture notes because they like to have their learning material in their hands and find it easier
to grasp if their notes are printed. Educators participating in online distance learning (ODL)
do not need to use the printer as frequently as they did previously, particularly to print out
learning and lesson materials to share and give to students because they can now simply
convert the material to a digital format and share it with students via an online forum or
official institution website.

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3.2 THE BENEFITS AND THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OR USAGE OF
COMPUTER AND DEVICES ON ONLINE DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL).

1. Laptops, Tablets and Desktop

The benefits of laptops, tablets and desktops on online distance leaming (ODL) is
mobility. Only computers and tablets are affected. This is due to the fact that they may simply
be transported from one location to another in a carrying bag or backpack. This is what
makes them such a useful gadget to have with you while travelling. Students or teachers can
simply utilise it when they have lessons that need them to go far from home. Having laptops
and tablets while doing online distance learning (ODL) can help students attend class events
even if their parents are working on the other side of the country. As a result, they do not skip
lessons when they have class. Teachers and students may perform their work or assignments
on laptops or tablets in the library or in a park because they are portable. Furthermore, having
internet connection is the second benefit. This is due to the fact that they were given the
capacity to connect to the Internet through wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi. Students and
teachers can use computers or tablets to access the Internet at a cafe, restaurant or other
public location to do work or submit assignments. It assists them in finishing their job by
providing access to a public location with free Internet.

The negative effect of laptops, tablets, desktop on online distance learning (ODL) is
lack of social skills. They will be more comfortable communicating online on laptops, tablets
or desktops as a result of the online distance learning and they will have less confidence
communicating face to face. Students who are enrolled in online distance learning just need
to show up for class. They have the option of either opening their camera or asking in class.
As a result, online distance learning encourages students to avoid interacting with one another
and they will become accustomed to not socialising with one another, which will make them

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feel lonely. It might make individuals feel gloomy about themselves at times. Beside from
that, the negative impact is coping with health issues. When students or teachers use laptops,
tablets or desktop computers for extended periods of time without taking a break, they will
have aching eyes and dizziness. Due to the need to finish their work or submit their
assignment, students and teachers must spend a significant amount of time in front of a
computer screen on laptops, tablets, or desktop computers. The light from the gadgets is
extremely harmful if viewed for an extended period of time since it damages the eyes. As a
result, a large number of students and teachers have near-sightedness.

2. Smartphones

Smartphones have the advantage of being able to access a variety of applications

when it comes to online distance learning (ODL). Students and teachers can use a variety of
smartphone apps including Telegram, WhatsApp, Google Chrome and others. Students and
teachers will be able to connect with each other more readily without needing to meet if they
have access to all applications on their cell phones. In reality, Google Chrome may be used
by students and teachers to conduct research for their work or assignments. Smartphones can
also assist individuals in joining Google Meet or Zoom if their laptop or desktop is
malfunctioning. Furthermore, the second benefit is that social learning may be
accommodated. Smartphones may be used by students and instructors to practise social skills.
Smartphones enable them to collaborate on projects and share information in groups. They
can use various applications such as Telegram and WhatsApp to interact with one another
while working on the group project and holding discussions on such apps if they have
smartphones. They may also use Google Chrome to find information about their work and
share it with the rest of their team.

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 The negative effect of smartphones on online distance leaming (ODL) is difficult to
do work. When utilising a smartphone to complete work or tasks, students and teachers will
run into issues. This is due to the fact that working on a smartphone with a tiny screen is
more difficult than working on a laptop or desktop with a large screen and a keyboard and
touchpad that make it easier for users to use when completing their job. Aside from that, the
second bad consequence is a loss of concentration. Students today are increasingly exposed to
social media as a result of their smartphone usage. They will lose attention on their class that
they have joined on Google Meet or Zoom if they use cell phones for their online distance
learning (ODL). This is due to their increased interest in using social media platforms such as
Instagram, Twitter, Tiktok and others. Rather than focusing on their studies, they would skim
around social media. When they use cell phones for online distance learning (ODL), they will
lose attention.

3. E-book

The advantage of an e-book on online distance learning (ODL) is the material may be
obtained quickly. E-books can be used by teachers and students to find books that are not
accessible in the library. Having an e-book while participating in online distance learning
(ODL) will allow them to free up time to accomplish other things. Students and instructors
can also utilise e-books to gain knowledge without having to leave their homes. People used
to receive information through books they borrowed from the library before online distance
learning (ODL). Now students and teachers do not need to go to the library to borrow books
to complete their work or assignments any more. E-books make it quite simple for all people
to get knowledge. The second advantage is that e-books are more flexible than traditional
books. This is due to the fact that some students and teachers have difficulty reading the
standard book-sized font. E-book readers will assist them in enlarging the font size to make

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reading more enjoyable and less taxing on the reader's eyes. They will be able to read their
knowledge more clearly with the aid of an e-book, and they will be able to complete their
task or assignment soon.

E-books have a detrimental impact on online distance learning (ODL) since they need
a costly subscription. Due to a shortage of funds, not all students and teachers have the
opportunity to subscribe to e-books. By charging an exorbitant subscription for e-books, no
one will want to use them. Due to a lack of information from e-books, teachers and students
were unable to complete their work or assignments. They will rely only on google searches
for information in order to complete their job and tasks. Aside from that, the second negative
impact is the lack of genuine book fulfilment. Read a book is not same like we read it online.
This is because as opposed to reading online, reading a book will be able to enliven the plot
of the book we have read. In fact, they dislike reading books online, some teachers and
students are less interested in getting knowledge through e-books.

4.0 Wi-Fi

The benefits of Wi-Fi on Online Distance Learning are the mobility. This is because, the
Wi-Fi played the important role when you want to use any of applications especially that
really using a Wi-Fi connection. If you are using your smartphone, you can also use the Wi-
Fi service available in the area where you are or even available such as internet centers, cafes
and others. As a student, the use of Wi-Fi is very important as it helps students to access
applications such as Google Meet, Google Classroom and WhatsApp for them to attend
classes. Students will also not drop out of lessons or not attend classes if they have Wi-Fi
service at their residence. If you go out anywhere, you can also use the internet data service
through your own phone, where you have to subscribe first before you can use it. This
method can also help make it easier for you to use Wi-Fi without the hassle and simplify
matters such as sending e-mails, bank transactions, sending report assignments and others.

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Throughout, this can be the reasons why students really like to use the laptops or tablet as one
of their important learning tools during Online Distance Learning (ODL).

The negatives of Wi-Fi on Online Distance Learning are the speed of the internet. It can
be said because of low internet speeds in daily life are increasingly bothering consumers in
the country. For example, as students, this will prevent them from accessing the internet to
browse websites or attend classes due to internet disruptions. In Malaysia, internet speeds
managed to reach 24.56 Mbps for download, 7.68 Mbps for upload and 28 Mbps for latency.
This report was last seen in November 2021 where it was recently. The speed of a Wi-Fi
connection is much slower than a wire connection which is between 1-54 Mbps.
Nevertheless, users are still able to survive with the internet speed that is successfully
achieved even though it is sometimes a bit slow. Throughout, the use of W-Fi among students
in particular can still
help facilitate their affairs
in learning and even be able
to attend classes as
usual.

5.0 Television

The benefits of television on Online Distance Learning (ODL) are there were channel
about education especially for students from primary school in to the high school. This is a
good channel where the students can try to learn from the education channel that introduced
by the television production. The television production took a good initiative by including
special broadcasts on special learning for students during the Online Distance Learning
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(ODL) took place. The purpose is to ensure that students do not fall behind in lessons and can
continue teaching and learning as usual even if learning online. Through this method can also
help students learn a variety of new knowledge even online due to the pandemic that struck.
Students can also develop personality in themselves after watching various broadcasts that
display other sciences such as sports. With this, they can indirectly arouse their interest by
engaging in beneficial activities which in turn can improve their personality. This is one of
the benefits for students in making them a successful and outstanding student. In short,
watching television is not just an entertainment show, but can also be used as a learning
platform for students.

The negatives of television Online Learning Distance (ODL) are effect on health. This
is because, watching television for too long without any time interval or rest can disrupt the
health of an individual. For example, back pain, body pain, eye irritation pain and more. The
habit of watching television every hour non -stop is a bad practice for health and should be
avoided. As a student, the lesson is very important for them but they also need to rest to avoid
stress problems befalling them. For example, doing leisure activities with the family can help
give them peace of mind and can give freshness in mind and self. Moreover, although
television is full of various interesting shows yet we do not deny that it is also a waste of
time. There are also students who have time to watch television even while facing exams so
they become unfocused with their important exams. This needs to be curbed to prevent them
from losing focus in learning and not wasting time by watching less beneficial shows. In
short, parents need to play a role by regularly monitoring their children so as not to waste
time with less rewarding activities.

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 4.0 Recommendation and Conclusion

To summarise the topic that have been discussed, the use of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) is seen not only used among school students, but also
used among university students. We do not deny that the use of ICT plays a very important
role, especially in information management systems. If we look at the past, the use of ICT is
less used by consumers due to less exposure to technology, where at that time we used more
posters or paper as a means of communication to students especially. Now, students are
aware that they can get information through a special website for students, g-mail or through
a group of students on the WhatsApp application. In the 21st century, we can see more and
more great and advanced technologies being introduced and this can expose us to a variety of
useful information as well as be able to keep abreast of the latest developments in and outside
the country. However, too much exposure can cause users to be exposed to bad elements on
social media. The use of computers is still of interest among users in addition to playing an
important role among students although its use is seen to have many good and bad effects on
users. The role of computers can also be seen as being able to browse websites, read eBooks
or online news, make hotel reservations online and more. User-friendly computer software
also helps them use the computer easily and there are many interesting websites to visit and
make it easier for them to access the information they are looking for. For students, this
exposure to ICT helps them obtain a variety of useful information besides being able to learn
by using 21st century methods, namely a combination of oral and technological. This facility
also helps students in accessing websites to find information and at the same time be able to
explore a variety of new knowledge for future use.

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 Apart from that, the use of this technology is also seen in communication between
students and teachers as well as being able to work together and have fun. Starting the class
earlier can start social interaction among students or can also review the lesson while
listening to songs as to provide entertainment or ‘mood’ for students. If students face
problems such as not understanding or being unclear with the lesson presented by the teacher,
they can come to the teacher and ask about their problem. As a teacher, they can make a
schedule of activities with students to make it easier to run smoothly and according to the
schedule. Teachers can also ask students about how they learn as a way to improve the way
they are delivered in lessons. Students can also form a group and try to communicate with
each other as well as be able to form relationships as classmates. Avoid sitting alone without
associating with other students to avoid feeling isolated with other friends.

During the Covid-19 pandemic that hit the country earlier caused the education
ministry to announce school closures as long as the movement control order took place. This
causes the learning that takes place in schools needs to be changed to online learning,
especially for students and teachers. Teachers, on the other hand, need to use other methods
in order to continue learning with students so that they do not fall behind in lessons. Although
at first it was quite difficult to adapt but over time it has become a practice among students
and teachers. Students, on the other hand, need to be more sensitive and focus on online
learning so that it can be used as a material to review lessons during the examination later. In
fact, at the same time can help their teachers implement this online learning.

ICT has brought very big changes at the moment especially among students and
teachers. They are more likely to use existing technology as a platform to attend classes,
submit assignments and complete assigned assignments. Teachers can hold classes, give
training and so on. However, the use of this computer is not only for the use of students and
teachers but can be used by anyone regardless of age. This causes them to be exposed to
various information available on the internet. However, the use of this computer also needs to
have skills in accessing it because the misuse of the computer can cause users to be exposed
to elements that are not good, especially for children. In addition, the sophistication of this
technology also reveals the method of scanning a text and easy to access by users. This has
taught users to make their business easier and not even have to bother in accessing
information. Therefore, technological progress in this country is not limited to one thing only,
but it is wide and has a variety of information that users are looking for and can explore more
widely.

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 Finally, we do not deny that online learning is sometimes difficult to implement due
to various factors faced by students. For example, the problem of student housing which is
difficult to connect to the internet, students who live hard and do not have a telephone,
students who have to take on big responsibilities at home and others. In addition, there are
also those who feel pressured by the current situation which shows the need to always be at
home to curb the spread of this epidemic. The pressure they face causes them to make
decisions without thinking long because they feel it is the best. There are also those who lose
focus in lessons due to the difficulty of learning online. Difficulty in concentrating during
learning also causes them to lose interest to learn. This is increasingly annoying to teachers as
the number of student attendance in online classes is declining and according to their student
schedules. In addition, the proper use of technology can also help users to plan ahead before
starting it, and can even increase work productivity and more organized time management.

Through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) this has affected society
in terms of good and bad. The use of this technology also depends on us also equally used
with good intentions or not especially in daily life. The use of computers, for example, should
be used as much as possible by users so that the free time available will not be wasted. We
need to be aware that the world is evolving with the exposure of increasingly sophisticated
technology especially in learning, in fact we also need to accept the internet and computers
have become an important part of life.

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