1

MODUL PERKULIAHAN

Beton Prategang
dan Pracetak
Tegangan Lentur Beton
Prategang

Abstract Kompetensi
Modul ini menyajikan tentang Kuliah ini bertujuan agar mahasiswa
karakteristik penampang beton mampu menganalisa tegangan lentur
prategang, diagram tegangan- beton prategang untuk struktur balok
regangan, dan tegangan lentur pada sederhana (simple beam).
beton prategang.

Fakultas Program Studi Tatap Muka Kode MK Disusun Oleh

Teknik Teknik Sipil P112100009 Sekar Mentari, S.T., M.T.

03
Flexural Analysis
Tegangan Ijin ACI Limit

Dalam membandingkan tegangan yang terjadi dengan batas tegangan ijin sesuai
ACI limit, dapat digunakan tabel dibawah ini.

Jika terdapat batas atau limit yang terbaru, bisa digunakan aturan yang paling baru.

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Geometric Properties

A prestressed member may also have non-prestressed reinforcement to carry the

forces. This type of members is called partially prestressed members. The commonly used
geometric properties of a prestressed member with non-prestressed reinforcement are
defined as follows:

A = gross cross-sectional area

Ac = area of concrete
As = area of non-prestressed reinforcement
Ap = area of prestressing tendons
At = transformed area of the section = Ac + (Es / Ec ) As + (Ep / Ec ) Ap

Analisa Lentur Beton Prategang

The analysis of members refers to the evaluation of the following conditions:

1. Permissible prestress based on allowable stresses at transfer.

2. Stresses under service loads. These are compared with allowable stresses under
service conditions.
3. Ultimate strength. This is compared with the demand under factored loads.
4. The entire loads versus deformation behaviour.

The analysis of members under flexure considers the following assumptions:

1. Plane sections remain plane until failure (known as Bernoulli’s hypothesis).

2. Perfect bond between concrete and prestressing steel for bonded tendons

Analysis at Transfer and at Service

The analyses at transfer and under service loads are similar. Hence, they are
presented together. A prestressed member usually remains uncracked under service loads.
The concrete and steel are treated as elastic materials. The principle of superposition is
applied. The increase in stress in the prestressing steel due to bending is neglected.

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 There are three approaches to analyzed a prestressed member at transfer and under
service loads. These approaches are based on the following concepts:

1. Based on stress concept.

In the approach based on stress concept, the stresses at the edges of the section under
the internal forces in concrete are calculated. The stress concept is used to compare the
calculated stresses with the allowable stresses.

The picture below shows a simply supported beam under a uniformly distributed load
(UDL) and prestressed with constant eccentricity (e) along its length.

The picture below shows the internal forces in concrete at a section and the
corresponding stress profiles. The first stress is due to the compression P, the second is due
to the eccentricity of the compression, and the third is due to the moment. The moment is
due to self weight at transfer, and due to service loads at service.

The resultant stress at a distance y from the CGC is given by the principle of
superposition as equation below. For a curved tendon, P can be substituted by its horizontal
component. But the effect of the refinement is negligible.

2. Based on force concept.

The approach based on force concept is analogous to the study of reinforced

concrete. The tension in prestressing steel (T) and the resultant compression in concrete (C)
are considered to balance the external loads. This approach is used to determine the
dimensions of a section and to check the service load capacity. Of course, the stresses in
concrete calculated by this approach are same as those calculated based on stress concept.
The stresses at the extreme edges are compared with the allowable stresses.

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 3. Based on load balancing concept.

The approach based on load balancing concept is used for a member with curved or
harped tendons and in the analysis of indeterminate continuous beams. The moment,
upward thrust and upward deflection (camber) due to the prestress in the tendons are
calculated. The upward thrust balances part of the superimposed load.

For parabolic tendon:

The moment at the centre due to the uniform upward thrust (wup)

The moment at the centre from the prestressing force is given as M = Pe. The
expression of wup is calculated by equating the two expressions of M. The upward deflection
(Δ) can be calculated from wup based on elastic analysis.

For singly harped tendon :

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 The moment at the centre due to the upward thrust (Wup) is given by the following
equation. It is equated to the moment due to the eccentricity of the tendon. As before, the
upward thrust and the deflection can be calculated.

For doubly harped tendon :

The moment at the centre due to the upward thrusts (Wup) is given by the following
equation. It is equated to the moment due to the eccentricity of the tendon. As before, the
upward thrust and the deflection can be calculated.

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Tegangan Lentur pada Beton Prategang

Tegangan – tegangan lentur yang ada pada beton pratekan beserta penjelasannya
dapat dilihat dibawah ini.

1. Tegangan Prestressing

 Tegangan beton akibat beban prestressing.

Tanda artinya bergantung dari arah gaya sehingga daerah tersebut menjadi
daerah tekan (-) atau daerah tarik (+).

Dikarenakan gaya prestressing selalu menekan sehingga daerahnya adalah daerah

tekan, maka tanda nya akan selalu negative.

2. Tegangan Prestressing yang tidak sejajar sumbu batang

 Tegangan beton akibat beban eccentric prestress

Beban eccentric prestress ini terjadi ketika adanya perbedaan jarak (e) antara cgc
(center of gravity concrete) dengan cgs (center of gravity steel)

Tanda artinya bergantung dari arah gaya sehingga daerah tersebut menjadi
daerah tekan (-) atau daerah tarik (+). Jika kita lihat tegangan di serat atas, maka kita harus
melihat sifat di daerah serat atas. Jika kita melihat tegangan di serat bawah, maka kita harus
melihat sifat di daerah serat bawah.

Pada serat bawah, akibat beban eccentric prestress yang sifatnya adalah
compression (C) sehingga daerahnya menjadi bersifat tekan (-)

Pada serat atas, akibat beban eccentric prestress yang sifatnya adalah tension (T)
sehingga daerahnya menjadi bersifat tarik (+)

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 3. Tegangan Beton Akibat Beban Luar

 Tegangan beton akibat beban luar

Tanda artinya bergantung dari arah gaya sehingga daerah tersebut menjadi
daerah tekan (-) atau daerah tarik (+).

Jika kita lihat tegangan di serat atas, maka kita harus melihat sifat di daerah serat
atas. Jika kita melihat tegangan di serat bawah, maka kita harus melihat sifat di daerah serat
bawah.

Akibat beban luar makan lendutannya menjadi seperti gambar diatas. Terlihat
bahwa, pada serat atas sifatnya adalah tertekan sehingga daerahnya adalah negative (-).
Sedangkan pada serat bawah, sifatnya adalahtertarik sehingga daerahnya adalah daerah
tarik (+).

Sehingga dari 3 (tiga) tegangan akibat beban yang berbeda diatas, maka nilai
tegangan lentur totalnya adalah dengan menjumlahkan ketiga tegangan diatas sesuai sifat
daerahnya.

Jika dan , maka rumus diatas dapat dituliskan menjadi,

Sehingga, dengan penjelasan tegangan-tegangan lentur yang ada pada beton prategang,
kemudian dapat dicari nilai tegangan lentur baik pada serat atas maupun serat bawah beton.

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Tegangan Beton Prategang Pada Saat Cracking

Dikarenakan retak balok mulai terjadi pada bagian bawah, makan kita melihat
tegangan beton serat bawah pada saat mulai retak.

*(+/-) dari rumus sama seperti modul sebelumnya dikarenakan menggunakan struktur balok
yang sama yaitu balok sederhana diatas dua tumpuan)

Karena yang dilihat adalah balok pada saat mulai retak, maka tegangannya pun
menggunakan tegangan pada saat retak .
Karena ketika retak, beban prestress yang terjadi sudah mengalami kehilangan gaya
prategang (loss of prestress) sehingga yang digunakan bukan lagi beban initial prestress
melainkan beban effective prestress .

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Contoh Sederhana

A concrete beam prestressed with a parabolic tendon is shown in the figure. The
prestressing force applied is 1620 kN. The uniformly distributed load includes the self weight.
Compute the extreme fibre stress at the mid span by applying the three concepts. Draw the
stress distribution across the section at mid-span.

JAWAB :

1. Konsep Tegangan
Area of concrete Moment of inertia

Bending moment at mid-span

Tegangan beton serat atas

Tegangan beton serat bawah

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 2. Konsep Gaya

Momen kopel (momen lentur di tengah bentang

Lengan momen Eksentrisitas

Tegangan beton serat atas

Tegangan beton serat bawah

3. Load Balancing

Effective upward load Residual load

Residual bending momen Residual bending stress

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 Tegangan beton serat atas

Tegangan beton serat bawah

Dari ketiga metode/konsep beton prategng yang digunakan, nilai tegangan serat atas
maupun bawah beton prategnag di dapatan nilai yang sama untuk metode – metode
tersebut. Sehingga hasil tegangan tengan bentang pada beton prategang tersebut yaitu:

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Daftar Pustaka
ACI 318-83 code with commentary

Edward G. Nawy, Beton Prategang Jilid 1, Edisi Ketiga, Jakarta, 2001

Naaman, Prestressed Concrete Analysis and Design, Mc Graw Hill Book Company 1982

N Khirsnha Raju, Prestressed concrete, Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi, 1981

T.Y. Lin & Ned H. Burns, Design of Prestressed Concrete Structures, third edition, John
Willey,1981

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