CBSE

12TH
CLASS
SESSION
2020-21

B Y : DR.GAJENDER SHARMA

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 1

 CHAPTER – 7
PHYSIOLOGY AND INJURIES IN
10/14/2023
SPORTSDR.GAJENDER SHARMA 2
 7.1 Physiological Factor Determining Component Of Physical Fitness

7.2 Effect Of Exercise On Cardio Respiratory System

CONTENTS
7.3 Effect Of Exercise On Muscular System

7.4 Physiological Changes Due ToAgeing

7.5 Sports Injuries: Classification, Causes And Prevention

6. Treatment Of Injuries

7. First Aid – Aims & Objectives

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 3

 MEANING OF SPORTS
PHYSIOLOGY

 Sports Physiology Is The Study

Of The Long-and Short-term
Effects Of Training And
Conditions On Athletes.
Anatomy Is About Structure,
Where Physiology Is About
Function.
 Sports Physiology Is The Study
Of How Exercise Alters The
Function And Structure Of The
Body.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 4

7.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTOR
DETERMINING
COMPONENT OF
PHYSICAL FITNESS

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 COMPONENTS OF
PHYSICAL FITNESS Strength

Coordinative Speed
Abilities
Physical
Fitness

Flexibility Endurance

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  Muscle Size: Strength Of The
Muscle Depends On Size Of The
Muscles. Force Produced By
Same Size Of Muscle In Males
And Females Is Approximately
Same. Can Be Improved Through
Training
 Body Weight: Individuals Who
Are Heavier Are Stronger Than
The Light Weight Individuals.
 Muscle Composition: Muscular
System Is Composed Of White
Muscle & Red Muscle Fibre. The
Percentage Of These Muscles Is
Genetically Determined And
Cannot Be Changed Through
Training.
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS  Nerve Impulse: Speed Of Nerves
Impulse Determines Strength.
DETERMINING STRENGTH Can Not Be Improved Through
Training

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 Mobility Of The Nervous
System: Contraction and
relaxation of muscles is
controlled by nervous system.
Frequency of contraction and
relaxation of muscles is
determined by excitability of
nerve impulse
Muscle composition: The
percentage of white muscle &
red muscle fibre is genetically
determined and cannot be
changed through training.
Explosive Strength: Depends
on muscle composition,
muscle size, muscle
PHYSIOLOGICAL coordination and metabolic
process. Except muscle
FACTORS DETERMINING composition the other factors
can be improved through
SPEED training.
10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 8
 Flexibility: Maximum range of
movement of any muscle or
joint. Freedom of movement
enables muscles to move at
faster rate & complete
utilization of explosive
strength.
Bio Chemical Reserves And
Metabolic Power: For
maximum speed performance
the muscles require more
amount of energy at a very
high rate of consumption. For
this purpose ATP and CP
stores should be enough. If the
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS store is less the muscle
DETERMINING SPEED contractions due to insufficient
energy supply becomes slow
(CONT.) after a short time.
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  AEROBIC CAPACITY: Energy
Required By The Muscles Can Be
Supplied In The Presence Of Oxygen.
Hence Supply Of Oxygen To Working
Muscles Is Important For Endurance
Performance.
 Oxygen Intake: It Is The Amount
Of The Oxygen Which Can Be
Taken By The Lungs From
Atmosphere. Oxygen Transport :
The Amount Of Oxygen Taken
Into The Blood From Lungs Has
To Be Transported To The
Working Muscles
 Oxygen Uptake: The Amount Of
Oxygen Which Can Be Observed
And Consumed By The Working
Muscles From The Blood.
 Energy Reserves: Depends
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS Upon The Availability Of Fuel To
Muscles From Which Energy For
The Activity Is Derived. The
DETERMINING Aerobic Capacity Depends Upon
The Muscle Glycogen And Sugar
ENDURANCE Level In The Blood.
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 Lactic Acid Tolerance: It Is
Important For Activities
Lasting > 40 Seconds &
Determines Anaerobic
Capacity. Can Be Improved
Through Training.
Movement Economy: For
Apex Performance, Body
Movements Should Be
Economical. Good
Technique Saves Energy &
Improve Endurance.
Muscle Composition: The
Percentage Of White
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS Muscle & Red Muscle Fibre
Is Genetically Determined
DETERMINING And Cannot Be Changed
Through Training
ENDURANCE (CONT.)
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 Muscle Strength: Weak
Muscles Cannot Exert
Sufficient Force ToAchieve
Full Range Of Movement.
Muscle Strength Is Highly
Trainable.
Joint Structure: Structure
Of Joint Is A Limiting Factor
For Flexibility. Some Of The
Joints Intrinsically Have A
Greater Range Of Motion
Than Others.
Age And Gender: Flexibility
Is Maximum During
Childhood And Decreases
With The Advancement Of
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS Age. It Can Be Enhanced
DETERMINING FLEXIBILITY With Training. Females Tend
To Be More Flexible Than
Males.
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 Stretchability Of Muscles:
Limits The Range Of
Movements. Stretchability
Can Be Improved By
Training.
Body Temperature: Has A
Positive Correlation With
Body Flexibility. Warm Up
Before Any Sports ActivityIs
Highly Advisable.
Previous Injury: Injuries To
Connective Tissues And
Muscles Can Lead To
Thickening On The Affected
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS Area Leading To Reduced
Flexibility. Rehabilitation
DETERMINING FLEXIBILITY Exercises Are Must After
(CONT.) Healing Of Injury.
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 7.2 EFFECT OF EXERCISE
ON CARDIO
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF HEART: Muscles Of
The Heart Increase In Size And Strength. The Left
Ventricle Adapts To The Greatest Extent. Heart Walls
Grow Stronger And Thicker.
 DECREASE IN RESTING HEART RATE:
Regular Exercise Decreases The Resting Heart
Rate. Resting Heart Rate 72 Beat/Min Can Go
Down To 30 To 40 Beat/Minute In Highly
Conditioned Athlete.
 STROKE VOLUME INCREASES AT REST: In An
Untrained Individual Stroke Volume At Rest Is 50 To70
Ml / Beat Which Increases To 70 To 90 Ml / Beat As An
Effect Of Regular Exercise.
 Increase In Cardiac Output Cardiac Output = Stroke
Volume X Heart Rate
 INCREASED BLOOD FLOW: To Supply The Muscles
With Extra Oxygen During Exercise, The Body
Increases Its Number Of Capillaries. Existing
Capillaries Open Wider. The Blood Redistribution
More Efficient & Effective.
10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 14
 EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON
CARDIO RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM (CONT.)
 DECREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE: Decreases BP By Up To 10 MmhgAt
Rest.
 INCREASE IN BLOOD VOLUME: Increases The Blood Volume Due To
Increase In Plasma Volume. Body Produces More RBC To Supply Extra
Oxygen To Muscles During Intensive Exercise
 QUICKER RECOVERY RATE: Quickens The Recovery Rate. Rate Of
Respiration Also Becomes NormalQuickly.
 INCREASE IN TIDAL AIR CAPACITY: It Is The Amount Of Air That Flows In
And Out Of The Lungs In Each Quiet Respiratory Movement.
 DECREASE IN RATE OF RESPIRATION: If The Individual Perform The
Exercise On Daily Basis, His/ Her Respiration At Rest Decreases In
Comparison To The Earlier Stage.
 UNUSED ALVEOLES BECOME ACTIVE: Regular Exercise Activates The
Unused Alveoles, Because Much Amount Of Oxygen Is Required In Vigorous
And Prolonged Exercises. The Passive AlveloesAlso Become Active.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 15

 EFFECT OF EXERCISE
ON CARDIO
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
(CONT.)

 INCREASE IN ENDURANCE: if exercise is

performed regularly and for a longer period, it
increases endurance
 INCREASE IN RESIDUAL AIR VOLUME: it is
that amount of air, which is left in the lungs after
exhalation.
 INCREASE IN VITAL AIR CAPACITY: it is the
amount of air which an individual can inhale and
exhale with maximum effort.
 Increase in maximum oxygen uptake(VO2 max).

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 7.3 EFFECT OF
EXERCISE ON
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

 Change In Shape And Size Of

Muscle
 Formation Of More Capillaries
Muscles Remains In Tone
Position
 Controls Extra Fat
 Change In The Connective
Tissues
 Efficiency In The Movement
Of Muscles
10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 17
 EFFECT OF EXERCISE
ON MUSCULAR
SYSTEM (CONT.)

 Delays Fatigue
 Increase Food Storage
 Exercise And Its Health Benefits
Non Functioning Fibres Become
Active
 Body Posture Remains Correct
 Improves Reaction Time

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 18

 Meaning of ageing

Ageing Is A Natural
And Inevitable
Process With
Degenerative
Changes In Most Of
The Physical,
Physiological And
Psychological
Functions
7.4 PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES DUE TO
AGEING
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PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DUE TO
AGEING
Changes In Muscle Size And Strength

Changes In Metabolism And Body Composition

Changes In Bone Density

Changes In Respiratory System

Changes In Cardio Vascular System

Changes In Nervous System

Changes In The Gastro Intestinal System

Changes In Urinary System

Changes In Flexibility

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 20

 CHANGES IN SENSES

PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES Change In Change In
Vision Hearing
DUE
TO
AGEING(CONT.)

Change In Change In
Taste Smell
10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 21
 7.5 SPORTS INJURIES:
CLASSIFICATION, CAUSES
AND PREVENTION

MEANING OF SPORTS INJURIES

 Injuries Which Are Common In TheField
Of Games And Sports
 Happen During Practice, Training Or
Competition
If Appropriate Steps Are Taken By The
Sports Person The Chance Of Getting
Injuries Can Be Reduced.

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 CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS
INJURIES
Sports Injuries Can Be Classified As Under

Soft Tissue Injuries Bone Injuries Joint Injuries

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 SOFT TISSUE
INJURIES

1. Contusion
2. Strain
3. Sprain
4. Abrasion
5. Incision

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 1. CONTUSION

 Muscle Injury Occurs Due To Direct

Hit, With Or Without Any Sports
Equipment.
 Blood Vessels In The Muscles Are
Broken, Bleeding May Occur In The
Muscles .
 Stiffness & Swelling Common Sign.
 Muscle May Not Respond Or May
Become Totally Inactive.
 Common In : Boxing, Wrestling,
Kabaddi.
10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 25
 2. STRAIN

 Mild Or Severe Muscle Injury.

 In Severe Case, Muscle May Rupture.
In Case Of Complete Rupture Movement
Of Limb Is Not Possible Due To Severe
Pain.
 May Happen During Practice Or Clash.

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 3. SPRAIN

 Ligament Injury.
May Occur Due To Over Stretching
Or Tearing Of Ligament.
 Occurs At Wrist Joint And Ankle Joint.
Some Time Fracture Is Possible
Along With Sprain.
Swelling, Inflammation, Severe Pain
& Tenderness Are Common
Symptoms.

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 4. ABRASION

 Skin Injury.
Occurs Due To Friction
With Any Equipment OrA
Fall Over The Area
Where The Bone Is Close
To Skin.
Occurs At Upper Layer
Of Skin.
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 5. BRUISES

An Injury AppearingAs

An Area Of Discoloured
Skin ( Red To Blue Or
Dark Purple )On The
Body
Caused By A Blow Or
Impact Rupturing
Underlying Blood Vessels.

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 6. INCISION
It is a smoothly-cut skin wound made
by a sharp sports equipment, spikes
etc. In this type of cut, usually blood
comes out freely.

First Aid: Stop the blood, clean the

wound, place a piece of cotton to
keep away the wound from dirt and
germs, get medical help immediately.

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 BONE INJURIES

1.Simple Fracture
2.Compound Fracture
3.Complicated Fracture
4. Green Stick Fracture
5. Comminuted Fracture
6. Impacted Fracture
7. Depressed Fracture
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 1. SIMPLE FRACTURE

A Fracture Without Any

Wound, Where The Bone
Is Broken At One Palace

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 32

 2. COMPOUND
FRACTURE

Along With Fracture, Skin And

Muscles Are Also Damaged.
Generally, The Broken Bones
Comes Outside Tearing The Skin.

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  Along With Fracture, Internal Organs Like
3. COMPLICATED Tissues, Nerves Or Arteries Are Damaged.
FRACTURE  Such Fractures Are Dangerous And Common In
High Jump And Pole Vault

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 34

 4. GREEN STICK
FRACTURE

 Common Seen In Children

Their Bones Are Very SoftAnd
Delicate
There Is Any Stress On The Bone,
It Is Bent

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 35

5. COMMINUTED
FRACTURE

When Bone Is Broken

Into Three Or More
Pieces.
Common In Cycle Race
And Motorcycle Races.

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 6. IMPACTED
FRACTURE

when the end of

Fractured bone
enters into another
bone.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 37

7. DEPRESSED
FRACTURE

Bones Are Broken

And Go Down Below
There Normal Level.
Usually Found In The
Skull.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 38

 CAUSES OF FRACTURE
In Such Sports Event Where There Is A High Impact.

Traumatic, Forceful And Unnatural Movements.

Prolonged Long Distance Walking Or Running.

Sudden Fall On Hard Surface.

Direct Strike Or Hit With Any Solid Sports Equipment.

Osteoporosis

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 39

 JOINT INJURIES

1. Dislocation Of Lower Jaw

2. Dislocation Of Shoulder
Joint
3. Dislocation Of Hip Joint

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 40

 1. DISLOCATION OF LOWER JAW

Occurs when chin

strikes to another
object.
May also occur
when mouth is
opened excessively.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 41

 2. DISLOCATION OF SHOULDER
JOINT

Occurs due to
sudden jerk or a fall
on hard surface.
The end of humerus
comes out from the
socket

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 42

 3. DISLOCATION OF HIP JOINT

Occurs By Putting
Maximum Strength
Spontaneously.
End Of The Femur Is
Displaced From The
Socket.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 43

 CAUSES OF SPORTS INJURIES
Improper Conditioning

Improper Warming-up

Unscientific Way Of Training

Lack Of Fitness

Nutritional Inadequacy

Lack Of Sports Facilities

Injudicious Officiating

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CAUSES OF SPORTS INJURIES (CONT.)
No Use Of Protective Equipment

Practice During The Stage Of Fatigue

Pressure Of Competition

Carelessness During The Game

Recurrence Of Injury

Improper Sports Equipment

Overuse Of Muscles

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 45

PREVENTION OF SPORTS INJURIES

Proper Warm- Proper Proper

up Conditioning Balanced Diet Knowledge Of
Sports Skills

Use Of
Protective Proper Sports Unbiased Don’t Do
Equipment’s Facilities Officiating Overtraining

Use Of Proper Obeying The Proper Cooling

Technique Rules Down

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 46

 1. PROPER WARM-UP

Essential before training and competition.

Tones up muscles for training and
competitions.
Reduces chances of injuries.
Routine should be of minimum of 10
minutes.
Start with gentle exercises to brisk
exercises.
Put more emphasis on muscles which will
be used in the training or competition.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 47

 2. PROPER CONDITIONING

Injuries Are Caused By Weak

Muscles Not Ready To Meet The
Demand Of The Sport.
Use Weight And Circuit Training
Methods To Improve Muscular
Strength.
Conditioning Improves The
Neuro - Muscular Co-ordination.

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 3. BALANCED DIET

Lack Of Essential
Minerals And Vitamins
Such As Calcium,
Phosphorus And Vitamin D
Etc. Make Bones Weak.
 Weak Bones Lead To
Sports Injuries.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 49

 4. PROPER KNOWLEDGE OF
SPORTS SKILLS
Proper Knowledge Of Sports Skills
Is Very Beneficial And Essential For
Injury Prevention.
Sportsperson Should Be Efficient In
Performing The Related Sports
Skills.
One Should Have Deep Knowledge
Of Sports Skills And Is Efficient
Completely In Performing Them Can
Prevent From Injuries To Great
Extent

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 50

 5. USE OF PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT'S
Using Protective
Equipment's Is Very Basic
Requirement For The
Safety Of Players.
Stress Should Be Laid
Down On Good Quality Of
Protective Equipment's.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 51

 6. PROPER SPORTS FACILITIES
With Proper Warm-up And Skills Etc.,
Proper Facilities For The Training And
Competitions Is Also Very Important
For Prevention From Injuries.
Outdoor Grounds Or Indoor Halls
Should Be Maintained Properly For
The Training.
Specially Surface, For The Particular
Sport Should Be Maintained(example
Landing Pit For High Jumpers).

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 52

 7. UNBIASED OFFICIATING

Officiating Specially In Teams

Can Play An Important Role For
Prevention Of Injuries.
Unbiased Officiating Maintains
A Discipline Among The
Players And Reduces The
Chances Of Injuries.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 53

 8. DON’T DO OVERTRAINING

Over Training In The Beginning For

The Beginners Causes Sports
Injury.
 Beginners Should Avoid Doing Too
Much Too Soon.
If One Is Training After A Long Gap
Of Time, It Should Be Increased
Wisely Otherwise There Are More
Chances Of Injuries.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 54

 9. USE OF PROPER TECHNIQUE

Using Right Technique In Training

And Playing Of Particular Sport,
Prevent From Injuries .
 Wrong Techniques May Cause
Tendonitis Or Fractures.
 One Should Always Train Under
Expert Guidance And Supervision.

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 10. OBEYING THE RULES

Obeying The Rules Of Particular

Game During Training And
Competition Prevents From Injuries.

On The Other Hand If Player Is Not

Obeying The Rules Of The Game,
He Is More Likely To Get Injured .

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 11. PROPER COOLING DOWN

 After Every Practice Session Or Competition,

Cooling Down Is As Important As Warming Up
In The Beginning .
 It Should Be Of Light Aerobic Activity Such As
Jogging Etc. (5-10 Min.) Followed By
Stretching Exercises.
 Cooling Down Helps In Removing Waste
Products Such As Lactic Acid & Acid
Phosphate Etc. From The Muscles
 It Also Helps In Alleviating The Muscle
Stiffness And Soreness.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 57

 TIPS FOR PREVENTING SPORTS
INJURIES
1. Avoid Training When You Are Tired.

2. Have More Carbohydrates When Under Going Rigorous Training.

3. Increase Resting Time If Training Time Is Increased.

4. Increase In Training Should Be Preceded By Increase In Conditioning (Strengthening).

5. Don’t Ignore Minor Injuries As They Tend To Become Major Injuries .

6. If Pain Is Felt During Training, Stop Training Session Immediately.

7. Never Train Hard If Stiffness From The Previous Session Still Exists.

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 58

 TIPS FOR PREVENTING SPORTS
INJURIES (CONT.)
8. Pay Attention To Hydration And Nutrition.

9. Use Appropriate Training Surface.

10. Training And CompetitionArea Should Be Free Of Hazards.

11. Use Safe And AppropriateEquipment's.

12. Introduce New Activities Gradually.

13. Allow Lot Of Time For Warming Up And Cooling Down.

14. Check Training And Competition Schedules Beforehand.

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 TIPS FOR PREVENTING SPORTS
INJURIES (CONT.)
15. When Training On Different Surfaces , Use TheProper Footwear.

16. Change To Dry Clothes After Cooling Down.

17. Aim For Maximum Comfort WhenTravelling.

18. Stay Away From Infectious Area When Training.

19. Be More Vigilant About Hygiene In HotWeather.

20. If Any Sign Of Fatigue Before Training Session, Ease Off.

21. Have Regular Sports Massage.

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 7.6 TREATMENT OF
INJURIES

Treatment Of Soft
Tissue Injuries

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 ABRASION

 Injured Part Should Be Washed With

Clean Water/Antiseptic Liquid.
 Dressing Should Be Done Lightly If
Abrasion Is Serious.
 Anti-tetanus Injection Should Be
Taken.
 Painkiller Should Be Given In Case
Of Severe Pain.

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 CONTUSION
 Cold Compression Should Be Used
Immediately For Around Half An Hour.
 Cold Compression Should Be Performed
Five To Six Times Daily.
 In Case Of More Swelling At The Injured
Part Anti – Inflammatory Medicine Should
Be Given.
 If The Swelling Still Persist, Consult The
Doctor.
 For Rehabilitation, Flexibility Exercises
Should Be Done Carefully.

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 LACERATION

MEANING TREATMENT
A Laceration Can Be  Stop The Flow Of Blood By Applying Firm Pressure To The Laceration With A Clean
Anything From A Small, Cloth Or Gauze. A Small Amount Of Blood Is Advantageous In Cleansing The
Minor Scrape To A Deep, Wound, But Large Amounts Of Blood Loss Can Be Dangerous.
Bleeding Cut. In A
Laceration, None Of The  Properly Clean The Wound. Remove All Dirt And Debris By First Running Cool Water
Skin Is Missing; It’s Just Over The Area, And Then Clean With A Sterile Cloth, Warm Water, And Mild Soap.
Separated. While Some  Apply Antibiotic Ointment, And Then Cover The Wound Area WithA Sterile Gauze
Lacerations Can Seem Bandage And First-aid Tape.
Minor, They May Become
Serious If Not Treated  Clean The Wound Area Daily With Soap And Water And Apply A Fresh Sterile
Properly And Promptly. Bandage.
 For A Minor Laceration, Remove The Bandage After A Couple Of Days To Promote
Healing.
 If The Affected Person Requires Stitches, Take Him/Her To The Doctor.
10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 64
 INCISION

MEANING TREATMENT
Occur Due To  If The Wound Is Not Deep, Let The Blood
Sharped-edge Come Out.
Objects Of Sports  Cleaned With Iodine Tincture Or Spirit.
Equipment Or
Spikes, Etc.  Bandage Should Be Applied.
Some Times, In Case Of Excessive Bleeding, The
Arteries Or Veins Bandage Should Be Kept Tight.
May Be Cut. Wound Is Too Deep, A Doctor ShouldBe
Consulted Immediately
10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 65
 SPRAIN
 Injured Part Should Be Kept In Comfortable Position.
 Cold Compression Should Be Used Immediately For
10- 20 Minutes And Performed 6 To 8 Times Per Day.
 The Injured Limb Should Be Elevated.
 If Pain Still Persist, Painkiller Should Be Given.
 Warm Water Therapy After 2-3 Days.  Light Massage
Should Be Given.
 In Case Of Ankle Sprain, 8-type Bandage Should Be
Wrapped.
 There Are Two Procedure For The TreatmentOf
Sprain
a. PRICE Procedure (Protection, Rest, Ice,
Compression, Elevation)
b. MICE Procedure (Mobilisation, Ice,
Compression, Elevation)

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 66

 STRAIN
 Strained Organ Should Be Kept In Comfortable
Position.
 Pour Cold Water For 20 To 30 Minutes.
 Ice Should Not Be Applied Directly (Wrap IceIn
Cotton Cloth).
 Light Massage Should Be Given After 2 – 3
Days.
 Pain Killer May Be Given In Case Of Severe
Pain.
 Complete Rest For One Week.  Warm Water
Therapy Should Be Given.
 Price Procedure For The Treatment Of Strain

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 TREATMENT OF
DISLOCATION
 Call Medical Help Immediately.
 Don’t Try To Move The Joint Or To Place It Back
In The Socket.
 Keep Ice On The Spot Of Dislocation To Control
Swelling.
 Sling Or Splint The Affected Joint Into Fixed
Position.
 Immobilize The Affected Limb By Bandage.
 Don’t Try To Adjust The Dislocated Limb Without
A Doctor.
 Athlete Should Be Taken To Hospital On
Stretcher.
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 TREATMENT OF
FACTURES
 Try To Locate The Fracture By Touching Gently .
 Don’t Move Fractured Limb.
 Use Splints And Bandages To Keep The
Fractured Limb Stable.
 In Case Of Compound Fracture Don’t Wash The
Wound.
 Use Dry And Disinfectant Bandages.
 For Vertebrae Fracture, Athlete Should Be Lifted
Carefully(avoiding Bending ,Twisting Etc.) To The
Hospital.
 For Ribs Fracture, Immobilizing Bandage Should
Be Applied As It Reduces Further Damage.
 For Femur Fracture, Anaesthesia Should Be
Given And Affected Leg Should Be Immobilized.

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 7.7 FIRST AID – AIMS & OBJECTIVES
MEANING OF FIRST-AID
First Aid Is The First And Immediate Assistance Given To Any Person Suffering From Either AMinor
Or Serious Illness Or Injury, With Care Provided To Preserve Life, Prevent The Condition From
Worsening, Or To Promote Recovery.
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 AIM OF FIRST AID

The Main Aim Of FirstAid

Is Try To Save The
Precious Life Of The
Wounded Person Or
Victim.

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 OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

 To Preserve Life
 To Alleviate Pain And Suffering
 To Prevent The Condition From Worsening
 To Promote Recovery
 To Procure Early Medical Aid

10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 72

 For
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10/14/2023 DR.GAJENDER SHARMA 73