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Water Resources - Geography

Water covers about 75% of the Earth's surface, but only a small fraction is freshwater suitable for human use. Water scarcity is caused by overuse, exploitation, and unequal distribution among social groups. Even areas with sufficient water resources can face scarcity due to poor quality. Dams provide benefits like irrigation and electricity but can also negatively impact the environment and displace local communities. Rainwater harvesting techniques like rooftop collection and storage structures help conserve water in areas like Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.

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211 views5 pages

Water Resources - Geography

Water covers about 75% of the Earth's surface, but only a small fraction is freshwater suitable for human use. Water scarcity is caused by overuse, exploitation, and unequal distribution among social groups. Even areas with sufficient water resources can face scarcity due to poor quality. Dams provide benefits like irrigation and electricity but can also negatively impact the environment and displace local communities. Rainwater harvesting techniques like rooftop collection and storage structures help conserve water in areas like Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.

Uploaded by

mohayaan098
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Water Resources

Pani itna important kyu ?


Although about 75% of the Earth's surface is covered by water, only a small
fraction of it is freshwater suitable for human use. However, it is
important to note that water is a replenishable resource.
Jal Bachao , Jeevan Bachao !!
Water Scarcity

yahskaelhdap@/margeleT moc.yahskaelhdap morF dedaolnwoD


The availability of water resources varies in terms
of location and time, leading to water scarcity.
Water scarcity is caused by immoderate use, over-
exploitation, and unequal distribution of water among different
social groups.
Expansion of irrigated land for dry-season farming further leads to
water scarcity.
Even areas with sufficient water resources may suffer from water
scarcity due to poor water quality. Pani*3 Uncle Ji Mujhe Pani Pila
Dijiye Mera Gala Sukh Raha hai!!!
Need for Water Conservation & Management
Protect health from hazards
Ensure food security & livelihoods
Preserve natural ecosystems
Benefits Of Water Conservation & Management
Proper water management ensures sustainable
water use, preventing scarcity in vulnerable areas.
Water conservation and management protect
natural ecosystems, promoting biodiversity.
Effective water resource management ensures
food security, livelihoods, and health protection
from waterborne diseases.
Dams

yahskaelhdap@/TY
A dam is a barrier that obstructs, directs, or
retards the flow of water, often creating a
reservoir. Dams are used for irrigation,
electricity generation, water supply, flood
control, and recreation.
Dams ke Nuksaan !!
Side Effects of Creating Dams
River regulation and damming disrupt natural flow, harming aquatic
life.
Fragmented rivers hinder aquatic fauna migration.

yahskaelhdap@/margeleT moc.yahskelhdap morF dedaolnwoD


Dams on floodplains lead to vegetation and soil decomposition.
Dam construction displaces local people and affects their livelihoods.
Dams have caused floods, soil erosion, and triggered earthquakes,
waterborne diseases, pests, and pollution.

Mnemonic
f - flood control
R - reserviors
I - irrigation
FRIENDS E - electricity production
N - navigation
D - destroys local flora and fauna, disrupt natural flow
S - soil erosion, triggered earthquakes, disease, pollution

narmada bachao andolan Tehri Dam Andolan


Narmada Bachao Andolan was started in the Environmental activist Sunderlal Bahuguna
1980s with Medha Patkar and Baba Amte as the led the Anti-Tehri Dam movement from
face of the Andolan. This Andolan was started 1980s till 2004. The protest was against the
by the farmer, social activists, Adivasis, and displacement of town inhabitants and
people across the river bank to help the people environmental consequence of the weak
displaced by the large-scale construction of the ecosystem.
Sardar Sarovar dam.
Baarish Ke Pani Ko Conserve Karna
Rainwater Harvesting

yahskaelhdap@/TY
Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting and
storing rainfall for future use. It involves various
techniques that allow rainwater to be stored, utilized, or
directly recharged into the ground.
Different regions have adopted different methods of
rainwater harvesting, such as diversion channels in
hill regions and inundation channels in flood plains.
Rooftop rainwater harvesting is a common practice,
especially in Rajasthan & Tamil Nadu, where it is
mandatory for all houses.

yahskaelhdap@/margeleT moc.yahskelhdap morF dedaolnwoD


Method
Tamil Nadu is the first state
to make rooftop rainwater
harvesting compulsory and
has provisions for punishing
defaulters.

Agricultural fields have also


been converted into rain-fed
storage structures, like
khadins in Jaisalmer and
johads in other parts of
Rajasthan.

Tankas are underground


structures built inside houses or
courtyards in Rajasthan for
storing rainwater and keeping
rooms cool.
Mnemonic

yahskaelhdap@/TY
T - Tankas
S - States in which these methods are used
T - SRK (Rajasthan, Jaisalmer , tamil nadu etc...)
R - rain water harvesting
K - Khadin system

Bamboo Drip Irrigation


It is a system is a 200-year-old system of tapping
stream and spring water by using bamboo pipes.

yahskaelhdap@/margeleT moc.yahskelhdap morF dedaolnwoD


This irrigation system is prevalent in Meghalaya.
About 18-20 litres of water enters the bamboo
pipe system, gets transported over hundreds of
metres, and finally reduces to 20-80 drops per
minute at the site of the plant.

Method
Bamboo pipes are used to divert perennial
springs on the hilltops to the lower reaches by
gravity.
The channel sections, made of bamboo, divert
water to the plant site where it is distributed
into branches, again made and laid out with
different forms of bamboo pipes. The flow of
water into the pipes is controlled by
manipulating the pipe positions.
If the pipes pass a road, they are taken high
above the land.
Reduced channel sections and diversion units
are used at the last stage of water
application. The last channel section enables
water to be dropped near the roots of the
plant.
PYQs

yahskaelhdap@/TY
1.What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water?
2.What is the difference between surface water and
groundwater?
3.How do we classify water on the basis of its usage?
4.What is water scarcity and what are the major causes of it?
5.What is water conservation and management? How can we

yahskaelhdap@/margeleT moc.yahskelhdap morF dedaolnwoD


conserve and manage our water resources?
6.Explain the advantages and disadvantages of constructing
dams.
7.What is rainwater harvesting? What are its benefits and how
is it practiced in different regions of India?
8.Explain the concept of inter-basin transfer of water.
9.What is the role of the government in the management and
conservation of water resources?
10.What measures can be taken to prevent water pollution?
11.What is the importance of dams in modern India? (2010)
12.Mention any two reasons for water scarcity. (2011)
13.Give one advantage and one disadvantage of traditional
water harvesting methods prevalent in Rajasthan. (2015)
14.Why is rainwater harvesting important in India? (2016)
15.What is the main objective of watershed management?
(2019)

*NOTE : Worksheet [Important Questions Of All typology with


Answers) is provided as Seperate PDF on website padhleakshay.com*

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