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Chapter 5 Transformations

This document discusses different types of transformations that preserve size and shape: translations, rotations, and reflections. Translations slide a figure along a vector, rotations turn a figure about a point, and reflections flip a figure across a line. Isometries like translations, rotations, and reflections produce congruent images that are the same size and shape as the preimage. The document provides examples of applying each type of transformation to polygons by specifying the vertices of the preimage and image.

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Dalia Al-dairy
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147 views6 pages

Chapter 5 Transformations

This document discusses different types of transformations that preserve size and shape: translations, rotations, and reflections. Translations slide a figure along a vector, rotations turn a figure about a point, and reflections flip a figure across a line. Isometries like translations, rotations, and reflections produce congruent images that are the same size and shape as the preimage. The document provides examples of applying each type of transformation to polygons by specifying the vertices of the preimage and image.

Uploaded by

Dalia Al-dairy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5: Transformations that preserve size and shape

A transformation: is a function that changes the position, size, or shape of a figure or graph.

Preimage: The image of a graph or shape before it is taken through a transformation. (original)

Image: The new (transformed) shapes are called images

An isometry is a transformation that preserves length, angle, and area. Because of these
properties, isometries produce congruent images. A rigid transformation is another name for
an isometry.

1- Translation (slide): (x, y) → (x + a, y + b)

Draw the figure with the given vertices. Then draw its image after a translation by the given
vector.

1. A(4, -2), B(1, -1), C(-3, 2); vector 〈−2, 5〉


2. A(1, 4), B(4, -3), C(-3, -2), D(-1, 3); vector 〈2, −3〉

Give the component form of a vector that maps △JKL to △J′K′L′

J(−5, 2), K(−1, −3), L(1, 5) J(3, 6), K(4, -1), L(6, 2)
J′(−3, −1), K′(1, −6), L′(3, 2) J′(6, 7), K′(7, 0), L′(9, 3)
2- Rotations: turns a figure through an angle of rotation about a point P, such that each point
and its image are the same distance from P. All the angles with vertex P formed by a
point and its image are congruent. The point P is called the center of rotation.

Rotation 90° clockwise: (x, y) → (y, −x)


Rotation 90° counterclockwise: (x, y) → (−y, x)
Rotation 180°: (x, y) → (−x, −y)

Draw the preimage and image of each polygon under the given rotation.

A(-1, 4), B(3, 4), C(2, -1), D(0, 1) Counterclockwise 90°

A(2, 4), B(3, 1), C(3, 0), D(1, -2) Counterclockwise 90°
3- Reflection: is a transformation across a line, called the line of reflection.

Reflect the figure with the given vertices across the given line. A(1, 3), B(1, 5), C(2, 2); x-axis.

Apply the transformation M to the polygon with the given vertices.


Identify and describe the transformation.
1- M: (x, y) → (x + 1, y − 2)
A(−1, −3), B(2, 2), C(−2, −1)
2- M: (x, y) → (−x, −y)
P(0, 0), Q(1, 3), R(3, 3)

Transformation Isometry Image  Preimage


translation yes yes
reflection yes yes
rotation yes yes
dilation no no
Apply the transformation M to the polygon with the given vertices. Name the coordinates
of the image points. Identify and describe the transformation.
1. M (x, y) → (x + 4, y − 3)
A(3, 10), B(−6, 4), C(−1, −4)

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