ACTIVITY

Case study 1

In this case, a manufacturing company struggles with issues of ethics, morality, and the law. The business
enjoys a noteworthy reputation for being a good corporate citizen and for filling employment gaps in a
small community. However, a byproduct of the production process that was once thought to be safe is
now linked to ailments that have been recorded among the local population.

Integrity is at risk since the by-product's possible health effects could damage the company's long-
standing reputation for excellence. The company's responsibility to safeguard the community's welfare,
even if the by-product complies with current anti-pollution regulations, is at the center of the ethical
conundrum. The moral duty to put the public's health first conflicts with the company's commitment to
its reputation in the community and among its workforce. The by-product does not now break any legal
anti-pollution regulations. But laws can change, and new health issues might force legislative
modifications. The business must make a crucial choice to ensure that its actions are in line with
changing legal requirements and society expectations for environmental and public health
responsibilities.

The business should thoroughly evaluate the by-product's possible health and environmental
implications in order to solve these issues. Consulting expertise in the field of health can yield insightful
information. If damage is found, the corporation should make an investment in suitable disposal
techniques to reduce risks. Moreover, maintaining the business's standing as a good corporate citizen
depends on proactive and open engagement with the community. In the end, maintaining integrity and
ethical standing over the long term requires giving community well-being and sustainable practices
priority above short-term advantages.

ASSESSMENT

Case study 1

Integrity is the main problem in this situation. The deceased woman's mother-in-law promised to
respect her request to have her ashes strewn in the ocean. However, motivated by her own personal
pain, she broke this pledge by burying the ashes close to her house. The deceased woman's desires, as
stated in the will, should have been followed by the mother-in-law morally speaking. It is important to
respect the autonomy and preferences of the departed person and to carry out their last wishes.
Legally, the mother-in-law must abide with the deceased woman's will, which expressly requested that
her ashes be strewn in the sea. The law requires respect to the deceased's instructions even in the
absence of supervision or enforcement. In this case, the mother-in-law ought to take responsibility for
her acts and carry out the decedent's final desires as specified in the will. In order to honor the
deceased's autonomy and uphold the integrity of the vows made, doing this would be the morally and
ethically correct thing to do. In addition to being the moral thing to do, obeying the law is also required
by law.

Case 2

The integrity of the exam procedure is called into question by the unintentional publishing of the test
and answers. It undercuts the notion of fairness and equal opportunity for all pupils because some can
be given an unfair advantage by having access to the solutions. The teacher made an effort to maintain
the integrity of the testing process by acting quickly to correct the error by removing the test and
publishing it again without responses.

From an ethical standpoint, the teacher must make sure that the second test, which will not include the
answers, is given equally to each student. Unintentional disclosure of the solutions might have raised
moral dilemmas about the preservation of an equal playing field. Even in the face of answers being
accidentally revealed, the teacher must uphold the moral obligation of giving each student a fair
evaluation. Legally speaking, there are no immediate legal repercussions associated with the issue, but it
does concern adherence to the Student Code of Ethics. The student can be subject to discipline if they
are found to have used the downloaded test with answers in violation of the code.

The teacher is responsible for ensuring that the upcoming test is fair and doesn't contain any
unintentional information leaks. Knowing about the potential infraction, the student should opt to take
the new test without any unfair advantages rather than using the downloaded test with answers. To
guarantee a fair and just academic environment, it is essential for all sides to uphold academic integrity
and abide by the institution's ethical standards.

Case 3

1. In this case, key ethical principles include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and religious and
cultural sensitivity. Autonomy is illustrated through Sarah's desire to stop medical interventions and opt
for hospice care, representing her right to make choices about her medical treatment. Beneficence, the
obligation to act in the patient's best interest, emphasizes providing care that maximizes Sarah's comfort
and well-being. Non-maleficence comes into play when considering the harm and suffering continued
aggressive treatments might cause to Sarah without a possibility of cure. Religious and cultural
sensitivity is crucial to respect Sarah's family's beliefs, although they conflict with her wishes.

2. Sarah's fatal illness is inextricably linked to her right to autonomy and control over her medical care.
Her indicated desire for end-of-life care highlights her independence despite her incapacity to
communicate verbally. It's important to respect her desires and recognize her right to control how her
care is provided and how she spends her remaining time.

3. Morality and religious convictions have a crucial role in this situation's decision-making. Sarah's family
struggles to comprehend her request to stop aggressive medical interventions because they have strong
religious beliefs that value the sanctity of life. John is a moving illustration of the competing functions of
religion and individual morality because he is divided between respecting his wife's individuality and his
family's beliefs.

4. Healthcare professionals have the difficult task of upholding Sarah's autonomy while taking Sarah's
family's moral and religious beliefs into account. A palliative care team's participation and open
communication can be crucial. In order to respect Sarah's autonomy and the family's beliefs, they can
work to properly manage her pain and make sure that her transition to hospice care is in line with her
desires.

5. Personal convictions and work obligations sometimes clash, which can lead to conflicts. The
autonomy and wellbeing of the patient must come first for healthcare providers while providing patient-
centered care. If one's personal opinions stand in the way of providing the greatest care while upholding
ethical standards, consulting other professionals or seeking advice is essential.

6. Making sure Sarah's transition to hospice care is in line with her preferences while also maintaining
her autonomy is part of finding a compromise. Offering John and Sarah's family support and therapy at
the same time can assist in bridging the gap between Sarah's preferences and their religious views. In
order to offer thorough, compassionate care that respects both the patient's autonomy and the family's
values within the constraints of ethical and legal bounds, the healthcare team should strive for a delicate
balance.