NEERJA MODI SCHOOL,

JAIPUR
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
GRADE X
WORKBOOK TERM II
SESSION 2023-24

EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
1. COMMUNICATION SKILLS
2. SELF MANAGEMENT SKILLS
3. INFORMATION COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY
SKILLS
4. ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS
5. GREEN SKILLS
 COMMUNICATION SKILLS

1. Which of the following is not an advantage of verbal

communication?
(a) Communication is interactive (b) Requires proximity
(c) Instant feedback (d) Quick way to communicate
2. A _________________ feedback follows a pre-set format using which
the receiver frames feedback and sends.
(a) Informal (b) descriptive
(c) Formal (d) non-descriptive
3. Lack of confidence makes communication difficult for some people. This is an
example of which type of barrier in communication.
(a) Personal factors (b) Past experiences
(c) Prejudice (d) Environmental factors
4. My father has gifted me a new smart phone. Identify the type of
sentence.
(a) Assertive (b) Imperative
(c) Exclamatory (d) None of these
5. _____________ is a part of the predicate. It tells about the things being
acted by upon the verb.
(a) Subject (b) Predicate (c) Object (d) Adverb
6. Could I have __________ milk in my tea, please?
(a) A little (b) a few
(c) much (d) several
7. Which of the following is not a type of written
communication?
(a) Newsletter (b) Media release
(c) Manuals (d) Illustrations
8. _____________ is the important aspect of our personality and how our image is
formed among people.
(a) Body language (b) Written communication
(c) Visual communication (d) None of these
9. Which of the following is not a characteristic of feedback?
(a) Intention (b) Specific
(c) Length (d) Clarity

10. “Good job! Congratulations!” is a type of ___________

feedback. (a) Formal (b) informal
(c) Specific (d) descriptive
11. Which of the following is not a 7C’s of effective communication?
(a) Complexity (b) Clarity
(c) Completeness (d) Courtesy
12. A/An __________ phrase will contain a noun or pronoun along with a participle. It
is generally separated by commas.
(a) Infinitive (b) absolute
 (c) gerund (d) noun
13. An ___________ is a piece of writing intended for publishing in a
newspaper or magazine.
(a) Introduction (b) essay
(c) Article (d) None of these
14. Have you received the latest news about the match? Identify the parts of
speech of the underlined word.
(a) Adverb (b) Conjunction
(c) Interjection (d) Adjective
15. Which of these sentences is in active
voice?
(a) A movie is being watched by them.
(b) The car was repaired by
Raju.
(c) He is reading a book.
(d) The thief was being chased by a policeman.

Self-Management Skills

1. ______________ stress refers to the limited quantity of stress that

helps one keep focused and motivated to do something.
(a) Feel good (b) Good
(c) Happy (d) None of these
2. Physical exercises help boost up the production of our brain’s
feel good neurotransmitters called _________________.
(a) Endorphins (b) hemoglobin (c) cortisol (d)
caffeine
3. _____________ from your regular routine is a useful technique of
lowering stress, especially if the stress is being caused by your work or
routine.
(a) Acting smartly (b) Nature
walks (c) Partying (d) Taking break
4. An independent worker plans actions to accomplish their task. Which of the
following is not considered as one of such actions?
(a) Planning (b) Enjoying
(c) Goal setting (d) none of these
5. _______________ people develop mindfulness abilities and keenly
observe how they improve their personality.
(a) Self-sufficient (b) Self-regulating
(c) Self-awareness (d) Self-motivated
6. Which of the following is not a component of self-
regulation?
(a) Will power (b) Sense of humour
(c) Self-control (d) Effortful control
7. Monitoring your progress is one of the _____________
techniques.
 (a) Motivation (b) regulation
(c) Awareness (d) None of these
8. Which of the following is not a personal sign of stress?
(a) Excessive sweating (b) Poor
judgement (c) Better concentration (d) Biting your
nails
9. _____________ gives you the benefits of enabling you to indulge in your
interest or hobbies, gives you a break from stress.
(a) Nature walks (b) Yoga (c) Meditation (d) Leisure
10. Which of the following is not considered as one of the types of self-
awareness? (a) About your strengths (b) About your finances
(c) About your flaws (d) about your emotional problems
11. Which of the following is not an element of mediation?
(a) Focused attention (b) Comfortable
position (c) Abdominal breathing (d) None of these
12. The meaning of Yoga is _____________.
(a) To unite (b) to spend ( c) to divide
(d) To multiply
13. What is an advantage of independent
working? (a) Working under supervision
(b) Held responsible for other’s
mistake
(c) Freedom to think and be
creative
(d) None of the above
14. Which of the following is not a type of self-
awareness? (a) Peripheral (b) Indexical
(c) Social (d) Detached
15. Taking initiative is a key element of _______________.
(a) Self-regulation (b) working independently
(c) self-sufficient (d) self-reliant

Fill in the blanks:

1. Stress management___refers to focusing human efforts for maintaining a healthy body

and mind.
2. Occasional Stress is an unavoidable part of one’s life. Unmanaged stress leads to
anxiety and sorrow resulting in ill status of mental and physical health.
3. Origins of stress causal agents
are_mental__,__physical_____,_social___,_financial___________
4. Adequately managed stress prevents medical/mental______and
__physical____________ illness. Stress is a __mental________state where one size
doesn’t fit at all.
5. Breathlessness, acidity, cold hands and feet are the physical signs_____ of stress
Loneliness, impatience, anxious are the symptoms of__mental stress_______
6. Self- awareness___________ amongst individuals for symptoms of stress will help
them manage it better.
7. Speaking out to the well-wishers is to help in _stress management____as they provide
a social support system_________. When stress affects the __brain__________, rest
of the body also feels the impact.
8. _Yoga________is a school of Hindu philosophy reduces stress.
9. Thought or activity to achieve a calm mental state reducing stress_______.
10. Vacationing helps in _de-stressing__________individuals
11. Physical exercise in the form of _walking_____, __skipping________to relieve stress
as they stabilize mood, improve self-esteem and induce sleep. It is important that
everyone learns the art of working_independently________.
12. Working independently means that one must learn to take ownership_of the task
assigned.
13. Conscious knowledge of your own self, capabilities, feelings and one’s own character is
called as _self-awareness_______.
14. Self -motivated________ Individuals have an inner urge to do something, achieve their
goals without any external pressure.
15. _Self- Regulation_______ guides independent individuals as it helps them consider
long term consequences rather than just transient feelings.
16. Yoga includes a series of _postures____and _breathing exercises_________
practiced to achieve control of body and mind. _Meditation______ is a practice where
an individual is supposed to focus his/her mind on a particular object.
17. Recreational activities like__watching movies___________,_____playing
games_____________ can help individuals transcend to a happier mental state-
18. Taking ________nature walks___________ in a pristine environment of a national park
or a sanctuary bring us a calmness
19. High level of stress over ____prolonged
period______________need to be managed.
Overly_________high expectations_______ from self can leave
one with chronic anxiety and stress.

Q1. Define stress.

Stress refers to a “physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension”.

Q2. What do you understand by stress management?

Stress Management refers to focusing human efforts for maintaining a healthy body
and mind capable of better withstanding stressful situations.

Q3. Can stress have a positive effect in someone’s life?

Stress can be a positive stress, if taken in right sense and may help in achieving
effective outcomes.
Q4. How many origins can have stress causal? Name them.
Stress causal agents can have following origins.
Mental: Students can be left overwhelmed, if they are unable to handle their
assignment submission deadlines and examinations grades. High expectations
from self can leave one with chronic anxiety and stress.
Physical: As children grow up, they may seek more independence, may become
critically conscious of their looks and have to cope up with hormonal changes.
Issues related to general well-being and health of an individual can lead to low self-
esteem and cause stress.
 Social : Discord amongst family members, peer pressure for doing things which
children would generally avoid , maintaining balance in relationships amongst
friends, status show off may lead to stress at times.
Financial: Youngsters may have aspirational financial stress. This may be of
becoming financially independent.
Q5. What are the benefits of stress management?
Stress management is vital because it leads to following benefits:
 Improves mood
 Boosts immune system
 Promotes longevity
 Leads to burst of physical strength, which is vital for reaching goal
 Complete mental and physical engagement for task accomplishment
 Increases efficiency and effectiveness
 Prevents psychological disorders and behavioral problems
Q6. What are the physical signs of stress?
Physical signs which may suggest stress are: breathlessness, dry mouth,
butterflies in stomach, indigestion, nausea, acidity, fatigue, sweaty palms, cold
hands and feet, irritation hyperactivity etc.
Q7. What are the symptoms of mental stress?
At the mental level following symptoms may reflect stress: irritation, impatience,
loneliness, upset mood, anxiety, , depression, , frustration, boredom, guilt,
insecurity and forgetfulness.
Q8. How can we manage stress?
 Physical Exercise

When stress affects the brain, rest of the body also feels the impact. Physical exercise in
the form of walking, skipping or for that matter indulging in any sports has been found
to relieve stress as they stabilize mood, improve self-esteem and induce sleep.

 Yoga

Yoga is a school of Hindu philosophy that reduces stress. Yoga includes a series of
postures and breathing exercises practiced to achieve control of body and mind.

 Meditation

It is a practice where an individual is supposed to focus his/her mind on a particular

object, thought or activity to achieve a calm mental state reducing stress.

 Enjoying

Recreational activities like watching movies, attending concerts, playing games,

involving in adventure sports, singing, dancing or even sketching can help individuals

transcend to a happier mental state and help manage stress.

 Going On Vacations with Family and Friends

Vacations provide an opportunity of taking a holiday from our routine and appreciate

different facets of life. Vacations can be taken up to friends and relatives’ place as well

as to far flung attractive locations. Vacationing helps in de-stressing individuals.

 Taking Nature Walks

Taking nature walks in a pristine environment of a national park or a sanctuary or a trail

in country side / village, brings us a calmness by allowing our over stimulated minds a

chance to relax and helps us to relax.

Q9. What are the various stress management techniques?

Same as Q 8.

Q10. What are the benefits of working independently?

Following benefits of working independently advocate its importance.

 Ensures greater learning.

 Individuals feel more empowered and responsible.
 It provides flexibility to choose and define working hours and working
mechanisms.
 Failure and success of the task assigned are accounted by individuals.
 Individuals become assets to organizations, groups and nations at large.
 It ensures creativity and satisfaction amongst individuals.

Q11. How one can enhance the ability of work independently?

Ability to work independently can be enhanced by being self-aware, self-motivated
and self-regulated.
Self-Awareness: Having conscious knowledge of your own self, capabilities,
feelings and one’s own character is called as self-awareness. It helps individuals to
chart their ways for working independently.They become aware of their strengths
and weak points and work accordingly. They try to focus on strengths to become
successful in various arenas of life.
Self-Motivation: Self-motivated individuals have an inner urge to do something,
achieve their goals without any external pressure/lure for award or appreciation. It
is a life skill and must be necessarily developed.
Self-Regulation: Self-regulation guides independent individuals as it helps them
consider long term consequences rather than just transient feelings. It leads to a
responsible and a value driven behavior. It teaches self - control and well directed
efforts to reach goal. Self – regulation inculcates discipline that helps in consistent
efforts to move towards goal.
Q12. Define self-awareness, self-motivation and self-regulation
Self-Awareness
Having conscious knowledge of your own self, capabilities, feelings and one’s own
character is
called as self-awareness. It helps individuals to chart their ways for working
independently.
They become aware of their strengths and weak points and work accordingly. They try
to focus on strengths to become successful in various arenas of life.
Self-Motivation
Self-motivated individuals have an inner urge to do something, achieve their goals
without any external pressure/lure for award or appreciation. It is a life skill and must be
necessarily
developed.
Self-Regulation
Self-regulation guides independent individuals as it helps them consider long term
consequences rather than just transient feelings. It leads to a responsible and a value
driven behaviour. It teaches self - control and well directed efforts to reach goal. Self –
regulation inculcates discipline that helps in consistent efforts to move towards goal.
Q13. How well managed stress is differ from unmanaged stress?
When your stress is well managed it's likely that you don't think about challenges too
much when they occur, as you are prepared to tackle them emotionally, physically and
psychologically.

When you fail to manage your stress well, you may experience physical symptoms such
as headaches, an upset stomach, high blood pressure, chest pain, sex drive and sleep
problems.

ICT SKIILS
1. The operating system that are designed for being used in devices for a specific
purpose only are known as ___________________operating systems.
(a) Single user (b) multi user (c) embedded (d) distributed
2. Which of the following is a CUI operating system?
(a) DOS (b) Windows 10
(c) Windows 7 (d) Windows XP
3. When you delete a file it goes to a temporary location, the
___________________.
(a) Dust bin (b) recycle bin
(c) Folder bin (d) directory bin
4. A __________ is a collection of data stored in form of text, pictures, videos
or music. (a) Folder (b) icon (c) link (d) file
5. The left pane of Windows Explorer screen displays ____________ and
___________.
(a) Drives, folders (b) files, folders
(c) Drives, text (d) text, folders
6. ____________ key can also be used to rename a file.
(a) F1 (b) F3 (c) F2 (d) F5
7. To arrange the files and folders on the desktop in different ways,
________________ option is used from the context menu.
(a) Order (b) view (c) arrange (d)
sort
 8. To select files or folders which are not placed side by side, use the
___________ key.
(a) Ctrl (b) Shift
(c) Alt (d) Tab
9. A _________________ agent applied to the surface of the keys with a
cloth is used to remove the accumulation of oil and dirt from the keyboard.
(a) plastic-cleaning (b) metal-cleaning
(c) Anti-dust (d) none of these
10. Deleting the ____________ files from your computer can help keep it running
smoothly as well as improve its performance.
(a) image (b) huge
(c) Temporary (d) database
11. The cleaning of hardware components of a computer does not include the
cleaning of ______________.
(a) Windows (b) DVD
(c) Keyboard (d) Speakers
12. To protect the user, almost all the e-mail clients provide the
______________ feature to prevent the spam messages from being
delivered to your inbox.
(a) Stop (b) remove (c) filter (d)
secure
13. Temporary files can be searched by typing _____________ in the
search files and folders textbox.
(a) Temporary (b) %temp
%
(c) #temp# (d) @temp@
14. Which of the following option is not available as option for frequency at
which you want to run the Disk Defragmenter program?
(a) Daily (b)
Weekly (c) Monthly
(d) Hourly
15. The right side of the taskbar is known as _______________, which includes
a clock and group of icons that provide the status and notification about
updates, network connectivity, volume, etc.
(a) Notification
area
(b) Display tray
(c) Windows
area
(d) Updates
area
Fill in the blanks:
1. Name any three operating systems for computers__Windows___ ,
_____Linux_______________ , _____IOS______________.
2. Name any three mobile operating systems___IOS___________ ,
___Symbian_________________ , ___Android________________.
 3. What is the name given to the screen that appears after Windows operating
system is loaded? ___Desktop_________.
4. __Task Bar_________ is the long horizontal bar present at the bottom of the
screen.
5. Small images on the desktop are called ___icons________________.
6. Files and folders deleted by the user are stored in the ___Recycle Bin__.
7. Name two special icons on the desktop __My Computer______, __Recycle
Bin____________.
8. Name the icon that provides access to all the drives, files and folders on a
computer. _____My Computer_________________.
9. An operating system serves as an interface between the ___user_________and
the__hardware__________.
10.Name the button to the left of the taskbar. _______start button__________.
11.Picture for the desktop background is called __Wallpaper________.
12.Similar types of files can be placed into groups called __folders_________.
13.To change the name of the folder, right-click and select _rename______
option from the Shortcut menu.
14.___Single user___operating system allows only one user to do a task on the
computer and one thing at a time.
15.____Operating system_________is used on Desktop computers, laptops,
where a single user can operate on several programs at the same time.
16.A _real time________operating system is used to control machinery, scientific
instruments, like robots, in complex animations and computer controlled
automated machines.
17.A ___network______________ operating system runs on a set of computers
that are interconnected by a network.
18.__Virus__________can cause damage to the working of the computer.
19.Poor maintenance may lead to_malfunctioning of computer_______.
20.In case the data is lost due to any reason, you can easily retrieve your data
using___backup files__.

Q1. What do you mean by Operating System?

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between computer user and computer hardware.
Q2. Write any two functions of Operating System?
An operating system has two main functions:
(1) Manage the computer's resources, such as the central processing unit, memory, disk
drives, and printers
(2) Execute and provide services for applications software.
Q3. Differentiate real time and distributed operating system?
 A real-time system is any information processing system which has to respond to externally
generated input stimuli within a finite and specified period A distributed system is one in
which the components of an information system are distributed to multiple locations in
a computer network.
Q4. Write down the steps to create a folder in C drives with your name.
1. Navigate to drive C: by clicking on the My Computer icon.
2. Right click drive C: and open it.
3. After opening drive C: right click and select New, choose the folder option.
4. A new folder will appear, Right click it and rename it with your desired name.
Q5. what is the difference between copying a file and moving a file
Copying means just copy the particular data at another location and it remains intact at its
previous location, while moving data means copying same data into another location and it
gets removed from its original location.
Q6. What is the possible cause of slowing down of computer?
Files that are needed for programs to operate are stored on the hard drive, so as the storage
space on your hard drive fills up; it may cause your computer to operate at a slower pace.
Depending on how long you have had your computer and how you are using it; you may need
to increase your memory (RAM).
Q7. What is the use of antivirus software? Name any two commonly used anti-virus
software.
Antivirus software helps protect your computer against malware and
cybercriminals. Antivirus software looks at data — web pages, files, software, applications —
traveling over the network to your devices. It searches for known threats and monitors the
behavior of all programs, flagging suspicious behavior. Commonly used are Avast, Symantec.
Q8. How can you prevent your computer from virus infection?
1. Use Strong Passwords
2. Keep Everything up to Date
3. Use Antivirus Software
4. Use a Firewall
5. Install a Popup Blocker
6. Beware of Email Phishing Scams
7. Educate Your Family & Staff
8. Know the Signs of Infection
9. Consider Additional Security Features
 Q9. Write any two regular maintenance activities of computer system.
 Shut It Down Properly Every Night.
 Always Have Your Firewall Running.
 Regularly Delete Unwanted Programs.
 Uninstall Programs Completely.
 Use an External Hard Drive for Backup & Extra File Storage.
 Run a Full Malware Scan.
 Get Anti-Malware Software
Q10. Discuss various signs that indicate that computer is infected with virus.
Ten sure-fire signs your computer has a virus

 Unexpected pop-up windows. Unexpected onscreen ads are a typical sign of a virus infection.
 Slow start up and slow performance.
 Suspicious hard drive activity.
 Lack of storage space.
 Missing files.
 Crashes and error messages.
 High network activity.
 Email is hijacked.

ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS

Fill in the Blanks

i) Entrepreneurship development supports in creating effective

__development_________plans.
ii) Entrepreneurship helps in strengthening the _skills______&__knowledge__________of
budding entrepreneurs.
iii) The process of entrepreneurship development is divided into __three____________
phases.(Think, do & Grow)
iv) Entrepreneurship Stimulates _Innovation_____________& _efficiency________.
v) Society plays a role in boosting entrepreneurship by enabling _financial support______.
vi) Small scale entrepreneurship serves as the ___backbone_________ of many
developing countries.
vii) Social Entrepreneur tackles problems like __unemployment_________&___child
labour___________.

viii) An entrepreneur foresees a potentially profitable opportunity and innovates in the

effort to exploit it.

ix) The Entrepreneur decides about the __development_________________ of the

enterprise.
x) _Staffing__________ involves making appointments for the positions created by the
organizational process.
xi) ___Leadership_______ is more of a skill than a function for an Entrepreneur.
xii) _Motivation______ is the psychological process of creating an urge among the
employees to behave in the desired manner.
xiii) ___Co-ordination___ is essential to channelize the activities of various individuals in
the organization, for the achievement of common goals.
xiv) Marketing refers to promoting _buying_________ & __selling____________.
xv) _Human Resource__ Management refers to recruitment, selection and compensation
of the employees in the organization.
xvi) _Imitative___ Entrepreneurs look revolutionary.
xvii) A__capital___ is involved in every venture.
xviii) India needs the decentralized structures to
remove____conflict/disparity______________________ in the economic development.
xix) An entrepreneur is not just about __creative___________ &
____innovative______________.
xx) Entrepreneurs can often ___change______ the rules of an established Industry.
xxi) Entrepreneur’s take__risks___________.
xxii) Real Entrepreneurs thrive on being in a constant state of _learning_____.
xxiii) Staying ___timely managed_________________ is critical as a small business owner.
xxiv) The work schedule of an Entrepreneur can be __busy____________.
xxv) Entrepreneurship cultivates ___unique skills______________ &
_______encourages_________________ outside the box of thinking.

Q1 . What are the objectives of Entrepreneurship development?

The objective of entrepreneurial development is to motivate a person for entrepreneurial career

and to make him capable of perceiving and exploiting successfully opportunities for
enterprises. The trained entrepreneur can guide others on how to start their own enterprise and
approach various institutions for finance.

Q2. Explain the various phases of entrepreneurship development.

Nurtures development of entrepreneurial skills and capabilities

Enables application of an entrepreneurial mindset

Develops the ability to handle failure and ambiguity

Enhances critical thinking and problem-solving ability

Provides early exposure to the real world

Inspires to think about one’s career differently

 Leads to creating difference in society

Q3. What role is played by society for boosting entrepreneurship?

Society plays a role in boosting entrepreneurship by:

Creates needs and

demands

Provides raw
materials

Enables financial support

Creates a need for education

Catalyses policy formation and

reform

Facilitates networking

Supports infrastructure development

Q4. Define the Entrepreneurial & Managerial Functions of an Entrepreneur.

Entrepreneurial functions

Organisation Building and Management: Organisation building is about bringing

together different factors of production and allocating these resources to bring down
costs and losses.
All decisions relating to an enterprise are taken by the entrepreneur. An entrepreneur
builds the organization by taking various steps such as hiring employees, organizing the
factors of production, sourcing finance etc.

Risk taking: Risk taking is about taking responsibility and planning for a loss or mishap
that may occur in the future due to unforeseen contingencies. Some common risks
entrepreneurs take are around return on investment, hiring of new employees, working
with vendors etc. An entrepreneur plays the function of developing a certain risk-
taking appetite and taking calculative risks to reduce adverse consequences.

Innovation: Entrepreneurs innovate by introducing new concepts, products, services,

designs, ideas etc. They may introduce something new and innovative in any branch of
economic activity. In today’s world, a new business cannot survive and sustain without
innovating in some manner. An entrepreneur foresees a potentially profitable
opportunity and innovates in the effort to exploit it.
 Managerial functions

Planning: An entrepreneur documents a business idea in the form of a business plan,

to detail each element of the business such as product or service description,
operations, marketing, finance, accounting, growth plan etc. A business plan serves as a
guide to determine the business objectives and the course of action. It helps to detail
the “what, when, how and who” of doing every specific task.

Organizing: Organizing in the managerial context refers to setting specific and

attainable goals and objectives to be achieved by different departments and by each
employee. It is about arranging, directing, guiding, coordinating and controlling the
key business activities.

Directing: Directing is about initiating planned action and ensuring that each employee is
performing effectively. This also includes doing continuous performance reviews and
organizing tasks according to plans.

Staffing: Staffing refers to different sub-processes around human resource

management, such as manpower planning, recruitment, selection, placement, training,
transfer, salary, promotion, payroll, appraisal etc. The objective of staffing is to fill a
particular position with the right employee at the right time.

Leadership: Leadership is more of a skill than a function for an entrepreneur as he or

she has to lead, guide and supervise people who work for the business. It is the
process by which an entrepreneur directs, guides and influences the work of others in
choosing and attaining specified goals by mediating between the individual and
organisation in such a manner that both get maximum satisfaction.

Communication: An entrepreneur has to communicate every single day, in the form of

writing, responding, drafting emails, verbal instruction, discussion etc. It has been
established that entrepreneurs spend 75% to 90% of their working time
communicating with others. It refers to the exchange of ideas, feelings, emotions,
knowledge and information between two or more persons. Nothing happens in
management until effective communication takes place.

Supervision: After issuing instructions, the entrepreneur has to see that the given
instructions are carried out. Supervision refers to the job of overseeing subordinates at
work to ensure the maximum utilisation of resources, to get the required and directed
work done, and to correct the subordinates whenever they go wrong and ensure each
function of the business runs smoothly.

Motivation: Along with guiding employees, an entrepreneur also plays a role of

motivating them and encouraging positive behaviour and culture within the organization.
It is the psychological process of creating an urge among the employees to do certain
 things or behave in the desired manner. The importance of motivation can be
realised from the fact that the performance of a worker depends upon his/her ability
and the motivation. A sound motivational system must be productive, competitive,
comprehensive and flexible, and it must consider all needs of the worker.
Co-ordination: Co-ordination between different departments of the business helps to
ensure that work happens in a timely manner. It is essential to channelize the activities
of various individuals in the organisation, for the achievement of common goals. The
entrepreneur has to make sure that the work of different segments is going according
to pre-determined targets and corrective measures have to be initialised if there is any
deviation.

Controlling: Sometimes controlling enables the entrepreneur to get his/her

company’s policies implemented and take corrective action if performance is not
according to the pre- determined standards. The process begins with establishing
standards of performance, measuring actual performance, comparing the actual
performance with the standard, finding variations and finally, taking corrective action.

Negotiation: An entrepreneur negotiates terms and conditions for many parts of the
business such as payment terms and timelines, salaries of employees, vendor
quotations etc.

Q5. How Entrepreneurship does levies a positive impact on the society?

Entrepreneurship has some positive impact on society such as:

Accentuates economic
Growth

Fosters Creativity

Stimulates Innovation and Efficiency

Creates Jobs and Employment

Opportunities

Solves the problems of the society

Encourages welfare of the society

Q6. Describe the Commercial & promotional functions of an Entrepreneur.

Commercial Functions
Production and Operations: Depending on whether it is a service business or
product business, an entrepreneur has to perform the function of managing
production. It is the key function of an entrepreneur. The activities of production are
independent of the size of the undertaking. In a small concern, one person may be
undertaking this function whereas, in large organisations, this activity may be
undertaken by various individuals or separate teams. It is the creation of goods and
services. It consists of manufacturing, ancillary and advisory activities.

Finance and Accounting: While finance is more focused on raising funds and
managing them, accounting helps to record and analyse the financial position of the
business. Thus, an entrepreneur has to prepare and analyse cash flow statements,
income sheet, balance sheet etc.

Marketing: Marketing refers to promoting products and services. It is primarily

concerned with the movement of goods and services from the producer to the ultimate
consumer. It is directed towards the satisfaction of consumer wants. Marketing plays a
significant role in promoting the well-being of the business enterprise. An entrepreneur
has to perform this function to make people aware about the offerings of the business
and makes sales.

Human Resource Management: Human Resource Management (HRM) refers to

recruitment, employment, selection, training, development and compensation of the
employees with an organization. An entrepreneur performs this function as no business
can function without people.

Promotional functions

Idea Discovery: The first step towards entrepreneurship is discovery of a business

idea. An entrepreneur comes up with a business idea and thinks about ways to
implement it. It is about seeking opportunities for a specific type of business and
finding ways to commercialize on it. Usually, entrepreneurs work around the process of
idea discovery by exploiting natural resources, finding a market need or calculating the
profit potential.

Detailed Investigation: While coming up with ideas can seem like an easy process, the
challenge is to understand if the idea has the potential to turn into a viable business
venture. For this, an entrepreneur conducts research, investigates and evaluates an
idea considering various factors and estimates the total demand for a new product or
service.

Assembling the Requirements: Some basic business requirements include

infrastructure or office space, human resources, key vendors or partners, working
capital etc. In a manufacturing or product-based business, some requirements are
selecting the factory site, sourcing plant and machinery, hiring staff, finding the right
 suppliers etc. No matter what is the type of the business, an entrepreneur has to work
towards assembling and organizing all the requirements once he/she is sure about the
practicality and profitability of the proposition. Once this function is performed, the
project is set to start smoothly.

Financing: Raising capital for a business is one of the core functions that
entrepreneurs perform themselves, not just at the initial stage of the business, but even
to grow and scale the business. First, the requirements of finances are estimated. Next,
the sources from which capital will come are determined. This includes calculating the
long-term and short-term financial requirements and considering the debt equity ratio.

Q7. Define any five roles of an Entrepreneur for the purpose of Economic Development.

Role of Entrepreneurs

 Coordinating role: An entrepreneur has to coordinate the various factors for

production. It involves selection of the best possible combination of factors.

 Agent’s role: Entrepreneurs are perceived as ‘Agents of Change’. They

identify the opportunities, establish enterprises and build-up industries which in
turn lead to overall development of the economy.

 Innovator’s Role: Entrepreneurs as innovators bring new products or service to

the market or improve existing products or services. They act as market leaders
and play the role of pioneers. Innovation in the industry results in higher
production efficiency which has led to an increase in employment and income
levels.

 Risk assumption role: A risk is involved in every venture. The economic

reward of risk bearing is profit. Entrepreneurs retain some amount of the profits
earned and put it back in business. This ultimately leads to the capital formation
which is necessary for economic development. Therefore, by assuming risk
entrepreneurs contribute to the economy.

 Imitating role: In developing nations, entrepreneurs usually imitate or adopt

the innovations done by the entrepreneurs of the developed nations. By doing
so, they adapt these innovations to the local conditions and hence work towards
overcoming the entrepreneurial challenges.

Q8. Describe the some myths of Entrepreneurship.

  Entrepreneurs are born that way

Many people assume that entrepreneurial qualities are innate and that only people who
have certain natural talents can be entrepreneurs. However, the truth is that almost
anyone can become an entrepreneur if they can learn the necessary skills.
Entrepreneurs may be gregarious extroverts or quiet introverts; they may be “big
picture” thinkers or more focused on the details of executing an idea. Entrepreneurship
is a learned skill, not a natural-born ability.

 All entrepreneurs have great ideas

Some people may not attempt to start their own business because they don’t have a
unique idea. It is not needed to reinvent the wheel to be an entrepreneur. There is
nothing wrong with taking an existing idea and making your own business out of it.

 The only requirement is a good idea

Even the very best ideas, ones with the potential to disrupt an entire industry, need
proper execution to become reality. Ideas are important, but so are planning, talent,
leadership, communication, and a host of other factors.

 Businesses either flourish or fail

Because the select few start-ups that skyrocket out of the gate receive the bulk of the
media, it’s easy to adopt an all-or-nothing outlook on entrepreneurship. While many
ventures make it big and many fail, a lot of businesses are run with patience and
strategy with a focus on self-sustenance and gradual growth.

 Entrepreneurs take lots of risks

Entrepreneurs take risks. With that said, they don’t necessarily take lots of risks or put
themselves in high-risk situations all the time. Entrepreneurs learn how to take
calculated risks. It is all about balancing the risk and reward.

 One must know everything before starting a business

Real entrepreneurs thrive on being in a constant state of learning. They enjoy creating,
improvising and pushing boundaries. Being new and even somewhat naïve can be an
asset in today’s rapidly changing world. That’s because succeeding at
entrepreneurship requires energy, innovation and the ability to push yourself outside
your comfort zone. It’s often not what you know, but how fast you learn, that counts.

Q10. State any two advantages & disadvantages of being an entrepreneur.

 List of the Disadvantages of Entrepreneur

You must be a natural leader to find success in this field.

You won't have flexible hours all the time.
You won't earn much in the first year (or more) of your efforts.
You will experience more stress than you can ever remember.
Advantages of Entrepreneurship

 Be your own boss. One of the most common reasons people start a business is because
of the independence it creates.
 Choose your own team.
 Creative expression.
 Excellent learning experience.
 Flexible Schedule.
 Following a vision/cause.
 Greater potential profit.
 Set your own office.

GREEN SKILLS

Fill in the blanks:

1. Green economy’s objective is to reduce environmental risks and ecological

Scarcities.
2. Green economy is based on the principle of sustainable development without
degrading the environment.
3. The term “Green economy” was first coined in 1989, by a pioneering committee
in a report entitled ‘Blueprint for a Green economy ‘for the UK government.

4. Green economy is not just about wind turbine or solar farms, its next industrial
Revolution.
5. Green Economy provides opportunities for the environmental goods
and services .
6. green homes will be powered by new energy systems
7. E waste comprises of discarded electronic devices.
8. E-waste can be reused, resale, salvaged, or recycled or disposed.
9. Green transport is also termed as Smart transportation that supports and
enhances walkable urbanization.
10.Green construction is also referred as sustainable building.
11.Water management is also referred as optimization of water usage.
12.Government is one of the stake holder of green economy.
13.Economic vision, is the international org for Sustainable Development.
14.Government can play crucial role in helping to plug gaps by conducting research.

1. What are the main sectors of the green economy?

Main Sectors of the Green Economy are:

E-waste management

Green transportation

Renewal energy

Green construction

Water management

2. What are the objectives of green economy?

Green economy’s objective is :-

 To reduce environmental risks and ecological scarcities that aim for

sustainable development, without degrading the environment.
 To achieve efficiency in energy usage
 To development of new environmental dependent business sectors such
as food and tourism
3. List down any four factors causing ecological imbalance.
 a. Destruction of forests
 b. Industrialization
 c. Urbanization
 d. Large scale use of pesticides
 e. Overgrazing
4. How one can achieve efficiency in resources? Explain with example?
green homes will be powered by new energy systems, development of ‘Green
Index’ and Green finance etc.

5. Define all the main sectors of green economy.

E-waste Management:
 E waste comprises of discarded electronic devices. Which can be reused,
resale,salvaged, or recycled or disposed.

Green Transport:

Green transport refers to making efficient and effective use of resources,

modification of transport structure and making healthier travel choices.

Renewable energy:

Energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished
on a human timescale, sunlight, wind tide, rain waves, geo thermal heat

Green construction:

Green construction is also referred as sustainable building; includes both the

structure and processes that are environmental friendly, responsible and resource
efficient through the building lifecycle i.e. from design, operation, maintenance
renovation and demolition.

Water Management:

Water management is also referred as optimization of water usage. It’s

management of water resources under a set of policies and regulation

6. Who can be the Stakeholders of Green Economy?

Key stakeholders and partner Organizations are ;

Government

Environmental protection and Natural resources committee.

Economic policy committee.

Agriculture Committee
Ministry of environment

Ministry of Energy and natural resources.

Ministry of Economic and natural Resources

International organization

International Centre for environmental research.

Economic vision, the union for Sustainable Development.

7. What is the role of government in green economy?

 Government has important role for setting policies that serve, advance and the
public’s interest in transitioning towards an energy system that is more
sustainable from both a supply and environmental standpoint. Government can
play crucial role in helping to plug gaps by conducting research.

8. What is the role of private agencies in green economy?

 Private sector create wealth and employment and increase revenue resources
through transparent and accountable taxation.
 Private sector is a key player in strengthening city governance;
 private sector has innovation potential to develop solutions that fit the new urban
challenges.
 The government focusses on the need for participative governance at local level
looking for private partnership at all levels of cities development process, from
planning and budgeting to implementing and monitoring.

9. What are the benefits of green transport?

It reduces congestion, reduces our dependency on cars and foreign

oil, green transport is safer and less costly and helps save our planet.
 ASSESSMENT EXERCISES

Q1. Which of the following is NOT an element of communication within the communication
process cycle?

A) Channel

B) Receiver

C) Sender

D) Time

Q2. You need to apply for leave at work? Which method of communication will you use?

A) e-mail

B) Poster

C) Newsletter

D) Blog

Q3. By which action can senders send their messages?

A) Gestures

B) Speaking

C) Reading

D) Writing

Q4. Which of the following is an example of oral communication?

A) Newspapers

B) Letters

C) Phone call

D) e-mail

Q5. What are the types of words we should use for verbal communication?
A) Acronyms

B) Simple

C) Technical

D) Jargons

Q6. Which of these is a positive (good) facial expression?

A) Frowning while concentrating

B) Maintaining eye contact

C) Smiling continuously

D) Rolling up your eyes

Q7. What does an upright (straight) body posture convey or show?

A) Pride

B) Professionalism

C) Confidence

D) Humility

Q8. Which of these is NOT an appropriate non-verbal communication at work?

A) Keeping hands in pockets while talking

B) Talking at moderate speed

C) Sitting straight

D) Tilting head a bit to listen

Q9. Which of the following statement is true about communication?

A) 50% of our communication is non-verbal

B) 20% communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc

C) 5% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc.

D) 7% communication is done using words

Q10. Which of these are examples of positive feedback?

A) Excellent, your work has improved

B) I noticed your dedication towards the project.

C) You are always doing it the wrong way.

D) All of the above

Q11. Which of these are examples of negative feedback?

A) I hate to tell you this but your drawing skill is poor.

B) You can surely improve your drawing

C) These are good drawings but you can do better.

D) None of the above

Q12. Which of the following is an effective components of good feedback?

A) Detailed and time consuming

B) Indirect

C) Specific

D) Opinion-based

Q13. Which of these is NOT a common communication barrier?

A) Linguistic barrier

B) Interpersonal barrier

C) Financial barrier

D) Organisational barrier

Q14. In which of the following, the underlined word is an adjective?

A) Radha has a red dress

B) I can speak French

C) The Girl on the Train is a best-seller

D) Abdul can swim fast

Q15. Which of these sentences is capitalised correctly?

A) Ravi and i are going to the movies

B) Salim is visiting India in July

C) The tiger is a Strong animal

D) She is arriving on Monday

Q16. Which of these sentences are punctuated correctly?

A) When is the party.

B) I had bread omelette and a Banana for breakfast?

C) I am so excited about my first foreign trip,

D) This is Abdul’s notebook.

Q17. In which of these sentences can you find an adverb?

A) Divya drinks milk every day.

B) Sanjay gifted me a new pen

C) I opened the door lock

D) Sita is 5-feet tall.

Q18. Identify the indirect object in the sentence, ‘The band played music for the audience.’

A) The band

B) played

C) music

D) audience

Q19. Which of these is an imperative sentence?

A) Switch off the fan

B) Sheila has gone to the market

C) Where are my pen colours?

D) Oh no! I missed my flight

Q20. Which of these sentences is in active voice?

A) A movie is being watched by them.

B) The car was repaired by Raju

C) He is reading a book.

D) The thief was being chased by a policeman

Q1. Stress is identified as a condition in which a person is ........
A) tensed
B) worried
C) relaxed
D) both (A) and (B)

Q2. What plays a major role in reaction to stress

A) Emotions
B) Personality
C) Confidence
D) None of these

Q3. The feeling of self-awareness enhances our........

A) Self-confidence
B) Self-monitoring
C) Self-Regulation
D) All of the above

Q4. The internal stress caused by ........

A) pent-up worries
B) laziness
C) survival stress
D) experiences

Q5. ......... is not a symptom of stress?

A) Increased sweating
B) Cold hands or feet
C) Dry mouth
D) None of these

Q6. What is 'M' in the 'SMART' goal setting method

A) Must
B) Meaning
C) Measurable
D) None of these

Q7. What is 'S' in the 'SMART' method of goal setting?

A) Smart
B) Special
C) Speed
D) Specific
Q8. Physical exercise is used as a stress management technique because
A) It improves blood circulation
B) improves self-image
C) make us feel better
D) All of the above

Q9. Stress management prevents _________

A) psychological disorders
B) behavioural problems
C) both of the above
D) none of the above

Q10. Self-Reliance means _____

A) Ability to Work Independently
B) Complete the task effectively
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

Q1. Which of the following functions is not performed using a mouse?

A) Turn on

B) Hover

C) Right-click

D) Drag and Drop

Q2. What is the term used when you press and hold the left mouse key and move the
mouse around?

A) Highlighting

B) Dragging

C) Selecting

D) Moving

Q3. Which of the following is a valid file extension for Notepad file?

A) .jpg

B) .doc

C) .text (POST) starts

D) . txt
Q4. Which one of the following shortcut keys is used to paste a file?

A) Ctrl + c

B) Ctrl + p

C) Ctrl + v

D) Ctrl + x

Q5. What keys do you use to copy something?

A) Ctrl+x

B) Ctrl+c

C) Ctrl+z

D) Ctrl+y

Q6. What happens if you leave a device plugged in even after it is charged 100%?

A) It can break.

B) It can stop functioning.

C) It can overheat.

D) Data can get corrupt.

Q7. How can an antivirus protect your device?

A) It can protect it from overheating.

B) It can increase its performance.

C) It can prevent data from getting corrupt.

D) It can backup data.

Q8. Which option is not required to keep a device cool?

A) Keep the device unplugged when in use.

B) Do not cover a laptop with a blanket.

C) Make sure the computer's CPU fan is working.

D) Avoid leaving the device in the sun.

Q10. What should you do to ensure secure online transactions?

A) Lock your computer

B) Give credit card or bank details only on safe websites

C) Use anti-virus

D) Do not use pirated software

Q11. Which of the following trap small children into inappropriate relations?

A) Online predators

B) Worms

C) Trojan Horse

D) Anti-Virus

Q12. What should a strong password consist of?

A) Only letters

B) Numbers and special characters

C) Name of a person

D) Letters, numbers and special characters

Q13. Which key is used to delete a slide in presentation

A) Backspace key

B) Delete key

C) Enter key

D) Space bar

Q14. Shotcut key to open a find dialog box is

A) Ctrl+V

B) Ctrl+F

C) Ctrl+H

D) Ctrl+Z

Q15. The number of alignment present are possible in MS Word

A) 2

B) 4

C) 3

D)5

Fill in the blanks

Q1. ............ is an open-source free word processor.

Ans. Open Office Writer

Q2. ............ is the top margin of each page.

Ans. Header

Q3. ........ is the shortcut key to paste.

Ans. Ctrl+V

Q4. .......... calculations can be performed by MS Exel.

Ans. Formula based.

Q5. The simplest filter of Exel is .........

Ans. Filter.
A. Here are some stories of some entrepreneurs. Tick the option for the quality they are
showing.

1. Ravi’s customer comes to his store and starts shouting at him. He does not get angry. He
listens to what his customer is saying. He is...........................

(a) hardworking

(b) confident

(c) patient

(d) prying new ideas

2. Susheela decides to sell her company tyres in Sri Lanka. It does not sell and she has a
loss. She apologises to the people who work for her. She says she will plan better next
time. She...............................

(a) takes responsibility for your mistakes

(b) thinks before making a decision

(c) does not give up

(d) is creative

B. Tick the correct option for the function that the entrepreneur is doing.

1. Ali has a diamond factory. He pays his employees on the 1st of every month.

(a) Creates a new product

(b) Manages the business

(c) Takes risk

2. Mary buys bulbs for her business from Noida. She learns that bulbs are cheaper in
Faridabad. So, she decides to start buying bulbs from there.

(a) Makes decisions

(b) Divides income

(c) Takes risk

3. Rehnuma has two people who work for her. Every day, she spends one hour with them to
learn about what they’ve done that day.
(a) Creates a new product

(b) Divides income

(c) Manages the business

C. Write against the option, if the business idea is of self-employment or wage employment.

(a) Cooking in a restaurant Ans. Wage Employment

(b) Owning a clothing business Ans. Self Employment

(c) Having a dosa selling stall Ans. Self Employment

D. WriteTrue or False

1. Entrepreneurs can create jobs in the market. True

2. When many entrepreneurs sell mobile phones in a market, the prices of phones increase.
False

3. Entrepreneurs identify a need in the market and build a product or service for it. True

E. Match each story below with the misconception about entrepreneurship.

Story Misconception

Ramu owns a large clothes shop. Shamu has a

small store selling handmade sarees. Shamu a) Every business idea needs to be
does not call himself an entrepreneur. Ans. (c) unique or special.

Anna has a great idea for a website. She has

5,000. She is waiting for ` 20,000 more, so that
she can start it. Ans. (d) (b) Entrepreneurs are born, not made.

In a city of thousands of tailoring shops, Gauri is a

tailor who stitches good quality clothes and has a (c) A person needs to have a big
very successful business. Ans. (a) business to be called an entrepreneur.

F. Match the columns

 1. Surabhi opens 5 painting stores across India. Ans. (c) a. Enter

2. There are many coaching classes in Mumbai. Jacob owns one of

them. He is starting morning batches to attract more students to his
classes. Ans. (b) b. Survive

3. Salma has started her clothing line on the Internet. Ans. (a) c. Grow

1. How many sustainable development goals are given by the United Nations?

(a) 18
(b) 17
(c) 15
(d) 20

2. Choose the option which defines sustainable development.

(a) Taking care of future generations

(b) Taking care of only ourselves
(c) Taking care of ourselves and the future generations
(d) Well-being of all

3. Which organisation has made the Sustainable Development Goals.

(a) United Nations

(b) League of Nations
(c) UNICEF
(d) World Health Organisation

4. Which of the following sources of energy is from a renewable source?

(a) Solar energy

(b) Wood
(c) Coals
(d) Petrol

5. Choose the option which is not a sustainable development goal according to the United
Nations.

(a) Clean Water and Sanitation

(b) Gender Equality
(c) Population
(d) Reduced Inequalities