JAMAHIRIYA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY (JUST)

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT: CIVIL ENGINEERING

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY (CE412)

BY:
ALI MUSSE HASSAN
2023
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 OBJECTIVE OF WALL SYSTEM

➢To explain wall system

➢To differentiate load bearing wall and non-load bearing wall

➢To discuss important of wall system in building

➢To describe types of bond

➢To draw and differentiate bond wall system

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 PURPOSE OF WALL
➢ They delineate boundaries.

➢ Support roof and floors

➢ Prevent water entering the dwelling

➢ Prevent the spread of fire

➢ Keep warmth in and cold out

➢ Protect occupants from weather effects such as rain, wind and sun

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 WALL SYSTEM
➢ Building is any structure man made with wall and roof

➢ Wall are vertical construction of a building that enclose, separate and protect its interior
spaces.

➢ External walls are the walls that make up the outside of your home.

➢ The primary purpose of external walls is to enclose and protect the building.

➢ External walls may also be used to carry the loads from the upper floors and roof to the
foundations.
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WALL SYSTEM

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 PATRION WALL

➢ A partition wall may be defined as a wall or division made up of bricks, glass or

other such material and provided for the purpose of dividing one room or portion of
a room from another.

➢ Partition walls are designed as non-load bearing walls.

➢ It may be of folding, collapsible or fixed type.

➢ If partition walls are load bearing then they are called as ‘internal wall’.

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PATRION WALL

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 TYPES OF WALL
➢ Load bearing wall and non load bearing walls

➢ Load bearing wall always run perpendicular to the ceiling joists in the building.

➢ A loadbearing wall acts as a support for a roof, a floor, a beam or another wall above it.
It needs to be stronger than a non-loadbearing wall.

➢ Crucially, it also needs extra support under it, usually an additional foundation trench.

➢ The materials most often used in construct load bearing walls in large buildings are
concrete brick or block.
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WALL LOAD SYSTEM

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 WALL NON-LOAD SYSTEM
➢ They carry their own load only

➢ The main purpose of these walls is to

divide walls or serve as partition
walls

➢ They run perpendicular to the floors

and ceiling
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 LOAD & NON-LOAD BEARING WALL

No Load bearing capacity Non load bearing capacity

They carry loads from roof, floors, self-weight etc. They carry self-weight only
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They are thick and hence occupy more floor area These walls are thin and hence occupy less floor is less
2

As the material required is more, the construction As the material required is less, the construction is
3 cost is more. less.

Stones or bricks are used for the construction Stones are not used for the construction of partition
4 walls
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 PRECAST WALL

Precast concrete wall panels are

concrete member that is cast and
cured at location other than its
final designated location.

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 ADVANTAGE OF PRECAST WALL
➢ Very rapid speed
➢ Good quality control
➢ Entire building can be precast-walls, floors , beams , etc.
➢ Rapid construction on site High quality because of the controlled conditions in the
factory
➢ Durability
➢ Security
➢ Low maintenance
➢ Economy
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 DISAVANTAGE OF PRECAST WALL
➢ Very heavy members
➢ Connections may be difficult
➢ panel size is limited, precast concrete can not be used for two-way
structural systems.
➢ Joints between panels are often expensive and complicated.
➢ Skilled workmanship is required in the application of the panel on site.
➢ Cranes are required to lift panels.
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PRECAST WALL

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PRECAST WALL

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 MASONRY WALL

➢ Masonry is the building of structures from individual units, which are often laid in and
bound together by mortar.

➢ The term masonry can also refer to the units themselves.

➢ When structure are built by using mortar to bind together bricks, stones, or concrete
blocks arranged in specified ways, its called masonry wall

➢ The person who builds the masonry wall is known as a mason

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 MASONRY WALL

➢ The basic components of construction for walls are

bricks, blocks and stones. Because blocks are more
porous than bricks and therefore not as weather resistant,
because stones tend to be more expensive than bricks for
house wall construction.

➢ It is usual to select bricks for external wall construction

and blocks for internal wall construction.
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 MASONRY WALL

➢ Masonry wall can be divides into two types based on their location

➢ Exterior type load bearing wall are those exposed to the exterior environment on at
least one side

➢ Interior type non-load bearing wall as in a wall that divides two adjacent rooms

➢ Based on structural requirements, masonry walls are also divided into two types

➢ Load bearing wall and non-load bearing wall

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 MASONRY WALL
➢ Load bearing walls, also called structural walls, are those designed to carry loads from
other members.

➢ Non-load bearing walls, carry their own weight only.

➢ For example, a partition wall that does not support floor or roof loads is non-load
bearing interior wall.

➢ Based on method of construction, walls can be divide two types

➢ Stone and brick or blocks 20

 MASONRY WALL
Brick masonry is built with bricks bonded together
with mortar.

The material used to join bricks is called mortar. This

is a mixture of sand, cement and/or lime, and water.

When mortar is made with lime, sand and water

called lime mortar.

Mortar, grout and plaster

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 MASONRY WALL

➢ Generally blocks can be defined as units

having at least one dimension larger than

bricks, but is it a similar term referring to a

rectangular unit composed of aggregate

certainly designed mixtures depending on the

strength required and its light weight.

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOCK

➢ They generally have better thermal resistance values than bricks.

➢ They accept nail or screw fixings more readily than brickwork..

➢ They are light in weight, enabling their greater bulk to be handled easily
when constructing a wall.

➢ They are comparatively cheap

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MASONRY WALL

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 QUALITY OF GOOD BRICK

➢ The shape of bricks should be uniform with regular surface and rectangular units

➢ Its appearance should be red

➢ It should be burnt properly

➢ Good a quality of bricks should have thermal as well as sound resistance

➢ The volume of bricks should not increase while emerging in water for a while

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 MASONRY WALL
RED BRICK CONCRETE BLOCK

This is use for load bearing wall This is no load bearing wall

This is expensive compare to cement block It cheaper compare to the red brick

It does not make crack in wall It provides cracks in wall

Mixture of clay, sand, lime, iron oxide and magnesia Mixture of cement, fine aggregate

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 TYPES OF BOND

The most commonly used type of bond in brick masonry wall

➢ Stretcher bond

➢ Header bond

➢ English bond

➢ Flemish bond

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 STRETCHER BOND

➢ A stretcher is the longer face of the brick as seen in the

elevation. In the brick of size 190 mm × 90 mm × 90 mm,

➢ Bricks laid in stretchers. Longer narrow face of the brick is

called stretcher bond.

➢ Sometimes knows as is running bond.

➢ In stretcher bond masonry all the bricks are arranged in

stretcher courses.
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 ENGLISH BOND

➢ This is common and popular A bond used in

brickwork consisting of alternate courses of stretchers
and headers

➢ English bond is considered as the strongest and most

widely used brick bond in construction work. It
consists of alternate course of headers and stretchers.
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 HEADER BOND

➢ Header bond In header bonds, all bricks in

each course are placed as headers on the faces
of the walls

➢ Header bond is also known as heading bond.

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 FLEMISH BOND

➢ Flemish bond a pattern of brick in wall in

which each course consist of alternate header
and stretchers

➢ Every alternate course starts with headers at the

corner.

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 TYPES OF STONE MASONRY WALLS
➢ Stone masonry is made of stone units
bonded together with mortar

➢ Mainly there are two types of stone masonry

walls:

➢ Rubble Masonry

➢ Ashlar Masonry.

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 RUBBLE MASONRY

➢ In this type of constructions stones of irregular sizes and shapes are used.

➢ To remove sharp shapes they may be hammered.

➢ Coursed rubble masonry; used for the construction of public and residential buildings.

➢ Uncoursed rubble masonry; used for the construction of foundations, compound walls, garages.

➢ A skilled mason may arrange the facing stones in polygonal shapes to improve the aesthetic of the wall.

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 RUBBLE MASONRY

➢ .

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 ASHLAR MASONRY

➢ In this type of masonry stones are dressed to get suitable shapes and sizes. The height
of the stones varies from 250 mm to 300 mm.

➢ The length should not exceed three times the height.

➢ There are different types of ashlar masonry depending upon the type of dressing such

➢ Ashlar fine finished.

➢ Ashlar chamfered.
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ASHLAR MASONRY

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 ADVANTAGE OF MASONRY
➢ Masonry offers a high resistance against pests, weather, and natural disasters such as
hurricanes and tornadoes.

➢ Masonry structures provide an attractive rustic or elegant look for a home or building,
depending on the material used and the workers’ expertise.

➢ Using masonry in your construction improves its resale value.

➢ Using this method in construction costs less in terms of labor and materials as
compared to using wood.
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 FUNCTION OF WALL

Good-quality walls provide:

➢ Strength and stability.
➢ Weather resistance.
➢ Fire resistance.
➢ Sound insulation.
➢ Appearance
➢ Quality
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COMMENTS

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