Mikluscak 1

Luke Mikluscak

ENC1102

Introduction

With the rapid development of AI technologies during recent years, the tech industry and

those involved face an uncertain future. Previously, there were no variables that would’ve

impacted an individual’s success within the industry or aim to study computer science. However,

the AI revolution is forcing experts to reconsider the affects artificial intelligence may have on

the field and people’s futures. There’s a path of unpredictability that we must face in the light of

this new technology.

Before making any effort regarding my research project, I had a clear idea on what topic I

wanted to research and discover. It wasn’t particularly difficult to apply artificial intelligence to

the field of my desired career – computer science. The pieces already came together before I sat

down to write my first draft. One of the most beneficial components of my proposed research

topic is the wealth of information I have at hand. There is too much information circulating

around the internet regarding AI technology and the computer industry. Others have had the

same idea to explore the consequences of artificial intelligence and uncover their findings. With

so many research topics that align with my own proposal, I must consider what I can contribute

to the ongoing discourse surrounding artificial intelligence.

To begin my research, I first had to uncover where artificial intelligence came from.

Research of artificial intelligence has a history dating all the way back to the nineteen fifties.

Herbert A. Simon (1995) uncovers the science surrounding artificial intelligence, including how

it originated and what it aims to achieve. With all the loose terms consisting of AI technology –
 Mikluscak 2

“technology-babble,” AirCTO (2017) has aided in providing clear definitions for the terms

people may be unfamiliar with.

It’s intriguing to uncover just how drastic machine learning will push current and future

programming standards – just to remain competitive within the industry. Hager (2017) outlines a

thorough list of the practical benefits AI has made on computing systems and what programmers

can expect machine learning to aid them with. Likewise, Tanimoto (2023) addresses AI agents

and their impact on computer programming. Not all authors share the same optimism. Bergstein

(2020) emphasizes how artificial intelligence lacks the “intelligence” to make any drastic

changes to the industry.

There is no doubt that the introduction of artificial intelligence will stir the technology

industry as well as the demand for tech-related occupations. Anderson and Rainie (2018) have

collected testimonials from a variety of experts within the tech field, regarding the impact of

artificial intelligence. In addition, research from Mithas (2018), Simon (1995), and AirCTO’s

published blog have all given insight on AI’s impact. There is no clear future we can expect with

this new technology, but the consensus is that AI will force us to adapt in some way.

The impact artificial intelligence brings will not only affect the professional industry but

our education system as well. Unusually, artificial intelligence is seen as a tool used to maximize

learning effectiveness within schools according to research by Kandlhofer (2016) and Yilmaz

(2023). Due to AI’s growing utilization among consumers, educational institutes will have to find

a way to incorporate it within their curriculums.

Research Proposal:

Topic: The Repercussions of Artificial Intelligence on Computer Science

 Mikluscak 3

Topic Description: The research arch project aims to investigate the recent spike in artificial

intelligence and automation technologies, and how employment in the computer science field

may be affected and/or replaced. AI technology has made tremendous advancement within recent

years, along with its growing utilization among the public. Coupled with its growing use,

artificial intelligence has sparked controversy within the mass-media and public, regarding its

potential dangers and consequences. This project will aim to uncover what the future holds for

artificial intelligence related to the computer field and the lives of everyday consumers. The three

perspectives of my research consist of identifying: what skills and strategies are needed for CS

professionals to succeed with the rise of Al technology, the extent to which computer-related

careers are susceptible to automation technology, and lastly, what are the implications for

education and requirements to be a computer scientist.

Documentation Style: For convenience and ease of use, I have chosen the MLA format to cite

my sources.

Purpose: This topic is personal to me, since my research leads me into uncovering the

implications artificial intelligence will have on the tech industry, society, and my future career. I

also believe that technology is an integral part of our modern world, thus divulging the effects

machine learning has on one of its major areas of interest can prove to be worthwhile

information for my audience.

Intended Audience: Computer science is a very important field within our modern society, due

to the reliance we have developed for technology. Our world is deeply connected by computer

science and artificial intelligence will have a profound impact on one of the world's major

industries. I am certain that my chosen topic will interest my audience since technology has

grown to be such a large part of our world in the modern age.

 Mikluscak 4

Research Question: How will the rapid development of artificial intelligence shape the field of

computer science and ultimately affect society?

Research Areas: My research will consist of information accessed across the internet, including

published articles, blog posts, and media videos. The information online will be highly accessible

and offer a wide range of sources for me to use.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, computer science, coding, programming, automation

technologies, education, ChatGPT, machine learning, career, impact, skills

Schedule:
 Mikluscak 5

Annotated Bibliography:

Perspective 1 (Adaptability, Practices, Skills):

Bergstein, Brian, “What AI still can’t do.” MIT Technology Review, 19 February 2020,

https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/02/19/868178/what-ai-still-cant-do/
 Mikluscak 6

Content: Current machine learning technology is great at detecting patterns and solving

algorithms but fails to understand casual relationships. The article addresses why the

ability to understand why things happen is integral for artificial intelligence systems to

make a large impact on our technology. The author lists several examples on how new AI

causal systems could have a tremendous impact.

Author: Brian Bergstein is a journalist covering topics related to technology. He has

reported from Silicon Valley, New York, and Boston. Currently, he works for the Boston

Globe as deputy opinion editor.

BEAM: Bergstein adopts a critical stance towards AI’s prospective impact on the world,

claiming that it won’t have a drastic effect as some believe it might.

Hager, Gregory D., et al. “Advances in Artificial Intelligence Require Progress Across all of

Computer Science.” Computing Community Consortium, February 2017,

https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1707/1707.04352.pdf

Content: Artificial Intelligence has played a prominent role in advancing computer

innovation in a variety of fields including systems and hardware, computer science,

cybersecurity, programming, analysis, and algorithms. The article explores how these

contributions will grow more critical to our individual and collective lives, fostering

greater opportunities.

Author: Gregory D. Hager is the Mandell Bellmore professor of Computer Science. Also,

he is the founding director of the Johns Hopkins Malone Center for Engineering in

Healthcare at Johns Hopkins University.

 Mikluscak 7

BEAM: Hager takes a very supportive stance on AI, focusing primarily on the net

positive benefits and not on any consequences.

Lakhani, Karim, “AI Won’t Replace Humans - But Humans With AI Will Replace Humans

Without AI.” Harvard Business Review, Business And Society, 4 August 2023,

https://hbr.org/2023/08/ai-wont-replace-humans-but-humans-with-ai-will-replace-

humans-without-ai

Content: Addresses artificial intelligence’s necessity among computer scientists and

coders to remain competitive within the tech-industry. Draws upon business ideas to

propose a competitive mentality that current and future programmers should adopt in

their practices.

Author: Karim Lakhani is a professor at Harvard Business School, specializing in

workplace technology and artificial intelligence.

BEAM: Lakhani’s austere advice and fierce mindset coincide with his practice as a

business professor. As a person involved within the world of business, it is vital to adopt

practices that might give you an advantage over your competitors.

Steven L. Tanimoto, “Five Futures with AI Coding Agents.” Companion Proceedings of the 7th

International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming, NY,

USA, 32–38, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1145/3594671.3594685

Content: The article discusses the use of AI computational agents by programmers,

raising questions regarding their relationship and how the presence of these agents may

change coding. The paper also addresses practices such as “soloing” and “coasting.”
 Mikluscak 8

Author: Stephen L. Tanimoto is a professor at the Paul G. Allen School of Computer

Science and Engineering, University of Washington, USA.

BEAM: Possible bias since the author is using sources and his own evidence to support

his claim on the effects of AI coding agents.

Perspective 2 (Computer Science Career Insight):

AirCTO, “Everything you need to know about Artificial Neural Network & Deep Learning —

Part I.” Medium, 30 June 2017, https://medium.com/@aircto/everything-you-need-to-

know-about-artificial-neural-network-deep-learning-part-i-11f49d2a8b6b

Content: Defines “artificial intelligence” and attempts to define the systems associated

with machine learning. Addresses the emergence of “Deep learning”.

Author: AirCTO is an agency of Information Technology experts.

BEAM: Purpose of the author(s) is solely to define and inform, there appears to lack any

potential bias pertaining to the subject matter.

Anderson, Janna and Rainie, Lee, “Improvements ahead: How humans and AI might evolve

together in the next decade.” Pew Research Center - Artificial Intelligence and the Future

of Humans, 10 December 2018,

https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/12/10/improvements-ahead-how-humans-

and-ai-might-evolve-together-in-the-next-decade/

Content: The online article addresses a multitude of testimonials by industry experts

sharing the improvements artificial intelligence can provide society, and also the

challenges that may be associated with its use.

 Mikluscak 9

Author: Article includes a collection of opinions from experts within the tech industry.

BEAM: The article consists of many different viewpoints that both share supporting and

opposing claims.

Mithas, Sunil, et al. “Artificial Intelligence and IT Professionals.” IT Professional, vol 5, issue 5,

IEEE, 25 October 2018 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8509563

Content: Research article addresses how artificial intelligence and machine learning will

impact the IT world. The article identifies factors that could possibly play a role in the

current and future demand of these professionals.

Author: The authors consist of professors from the: University of South Florida, ESSEC

Business School in France, and the University of Richmond Robins School of Business.

BEAM: The authors consist of professors within their college’s respective school of

business. Their purpose is to describe the effect of machine learning on the tech industry -

IT professions.

Koteshwar Reddy, "How AI Transforming Computer Science," LinkedIn, 9 March 2022,

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-ai-transforming-computer-science-koteshwar-reddy

Content: Aims to describe the impact AI could have on the areas of computer science,

whether it be gaming, medical technology, or back-end programming.

Author: Koteshwar Reddy is a Marketing Associate currently working in a mobile app

and artificial intelligence development company.

BEAM: There is an optimistic attitude presented, possibly since the author is an inspiring

professional within the field he addresses.

 Mikluscak 10

Simon, Herbert A. “Artificial Intelligence: an empirical science.” Department of Psychology,

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, Artificial Intelligence, 95-127, 1995,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000437029500039H

Content: Describes artificial in the light of a science, and how best to nurture its

development. The author relies on history to draw examples upon, since they mostly draw

from his own work and experience.

Author: Herbert A. Simon was an American political scientist with influence in the field

of computer science.

BEAM: Simon is a pioneer of artificial intelligence, explaining the best way to approach

such a powerful tool, and what impacts it could make. He draws upon psychology and

history to base his claims and propose his ideas.

Perspective #3 (Education):

Jung, Hye-Wuk “A Study on the Current State of Artificial Intelligence Based Coding

Technologies and the Direction of Future Coding Education.” Korea Science,

International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology, 30 September 2020,

https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202028851207247.page

Content: Since artificial intelligence has been introduced as a technology to be used by

the public, there exists some potential in its ability to contribute to education. The article

examines the state of AI based coding practices and what computer science majors and

non-computer majors may face in the future.

 Mikluscak 11

Author: Hye-Wuk Jung is a software engineer with previous education at Kyonggi

University in South Korea.

BEAM: The article is comprised of a series of analytical descriptions of AI-based coding

practices; therefore, it lacks any noticeable bias toward AI.

Kandlhofer, Martin, et al. "Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science in Education: From

Kindergarten to University." IEEEXplore, IEEE, October 2016,

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7757570

Content: Due to the increasing use of artificial intelligence, professors from different

institutions collaborated and developed an educational concept which aims to introduce

students to and expand AI literacy. The concept comprises “modules” designated to each

educational level.

Author: Professors from a variety of educational institutes: Institute of Software

Technology, Austria, University of Teacher Education, Children’s Office.

BEAM: Since most if not all the authors consist of educational practitioners, the bias may

come from their optimism and desire to move the industry forward.

Yilmaz, Ramazan, “The effect of generative artificial intelligence (AI)-based tool use on

students' computational thinking skills, programming self-efficacy and motivation.”

Science Direct, 7 June 2023

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666920X23000267

Content: Article consists of a study utilizing ChatGPT on undergraduate students to test

computational thinking skills, programming knowledge, and lesson motivation. The

 Mikluscak 12

results suggested how AI could be implemented within lessons to increase educational

effectiveness.

Author: Ramazan Yilmaz is a Turkish professor of the Department of Computer

Technology & Information Systems at Bartin University.

BEAM: The only bias that would exist would be Yilmaz’s own motivations for

conducting an experiment related to his field of interest, otherwise the results and

conclusions are unlikely to be biased since the variables were controlled and the

experiment resulted in conclusive evidence.