DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

MAMALLAPURAM, CHENNAI
(Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai ,Approved by AICTE and Accreditated by NACC with B++)

DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL

COURSE FILE

COURSE CODE : C312

SUBJECT CODE : AE8501 (Regulation 2017)

SUBJECT NAME : FLIGHT DYNAMICS

YEAR / SEMESTER : III/ V

BATCH : 2020 – 2024

ACADEMIC YEAR : 2022 – 23

PREPARED BY VERIFIED BY APPROVED BY APPROVED BY

(Course Coordinator) (Department Head) Vice Principal (Principal)
 INDEX

PROGRAM OUT COMES & PSO

SYLLABUS

COURSE OBJECTIVES, OUTCOMES AND MAPPING

COURSE DELIVERY PLAN

ASSIGNMENT TOPICS

LECTURE NOTES

QUESTION BANK

UNIVERSITY QUESTION PAPERS

 PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POS)

PO 1: Ability to solve the engineering problems of mathematics, science and engineering.

PO 2: An engineering acumen in identifying, formulating, analyzing and solving complex

engineering problems.

PO 3: Developing processes, solutions to the problems which are safe socially, culturally and

environmentally.

PO 4: Ability to model, analyze and simulate operations of aircraft components and parts.

PO 5: Capability of exhibiting sound the critical and practical knowledge in core domains like

aircraft structures, aerodynamics and propulsion and are able to solve problems related to airflow

over fixed and rotary wing aircrafts.

PO 6: Understanding of the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic,

environmental, and societal context.

PO 7: An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within

realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety,

manufacturability, and sustainability.

PO 8: Commitment to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms as prescribed by the

Aviation bodies such as DGCA etc.

PO 9: Ability to work in team and have practical exposure in modeling of UAV, hovercrafts etc.

PO 10: Ability to communicate effectively with the aerospace community using reports,

presentations and documentations.

PO 11: Ability to manage the projects in various aerospace fields of structure, propulsion,

avionics etc.

PO 12: A readiness to engage in lifelong learning and understanding of contemporary issues in

aviation industry.
 PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs) of the Department:

PSO 1: To apply the knowledge of mathematics, basic science and engineering to design a
system or process to meet the desired needs with in constraints.

PSO 2: Utilizing the knowledge of engineering, modern tools, equipments to synthesize and
analyze the problems to be a skilled aeronautical engineer.

PSO 3: Develop better industrial exposures and career opportunities in the field of aeronautical
and aerospace engineering.
 ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

AFFILIATED INSTITUTIONS
REGULATIONS – 2017
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

AE8501 FLIGHT DYNAMICS L T P C3 2 0 4

OBJECTIVE:

To study the performance of airplanes under various operating conditions and the static and dynamic
response of aircraft for both voluntary and involuntary changes in flight conditions.

UNIT I CRUISING FLIGHT PERFORMANCE 9+6

Forces and moments acting on a flight vehicle - Equation of motion of a rigid flight vehicle - Different types of drag
–estimation of parasite drag co-efficient by proper area method- Drag polar of vehicles from low speed to high speeds
- Variation of thrust, power with velocity and altitudes for air breathing engines .Performance of airplane in level
flight - Power available and power required curves. Maximum speed in level flight - Conditions for minimum drag and
power required

UNIT II MANOEUVERING FLIGHT PERFORMANCE 9+6

Range and endurance - Climbing and gliding flight (Maximum rate of climb and steepest angle of climb, minimum
rate of sink and shallowest angle of glide) – Takeoff and landing - Turning performance (Turning rate turn radius).
Bank angle and load factor – limitations on turn - V-n diagram and load factor.

UNIT III STATIC LONGITUDINAL STABILITY 9+6

Degree of freedom of rigid bodies in space - Static and dynamic stability - Purpose of controls in airplanes -
Inherently stable and marginal stable airplanes – Static, Longitudinal stability - Stick fixed stability - Basic
equilibrium equation - Stability criterion - Effects of fuselage and nacelle - Influence of CG location - Power effects
- Stick fixed neutral point - Stick free stability-Hinge moment coefficient - Stick free neutral points-Symmetric
maneuvers - Stick force gradients - Stickforce per 'g' - Aerodynamic balancing.

UNIT IV LATERAL AND DIRECTIONAL STABILITY 9+6

Dihedral effect - Lateral control - Coupling between rolling and yawing moments - Adverse yaw effects - Aileron
reversal - Static directional stability - Weather cocking effect - Rudder requirements - One engine inoperative
condition - Rudder lock.

UNIT V DYNAMIC STABILITY 9+6

Introduction to dynamic longitudinal stability: - Modes of stability, effect of freeing the stick - Brief description of
lateral and directional. Dynamic stability - Spiral, divergence, Dutch roll, auto rotation and spin.

TOTAL: 75 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:

1. Mc Cornick. W., “Aerodynamics, Aeronautics and Flight Mechanics”,

John Wiley, NY,1979.

2. Nelson, R.C. “Flight Stability and Automatic Control”, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 2004.

3. Perkins, C.D., and Hage, R.E., “Airplane Performance stability and Control”,
John Wiley &Son:, Inc, NY, 1988.

REFERENCES:

1. Babister, A.W., “Aircraft Dynamic Stability and Response”, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980.

2. Dommasch, D.O., Sherby, S.S., and Connolly, T.F., “Aeroplane Aero

dynamics”, ThirdEdition, Issac Pitman, London, 1981.

3. Etkin, B., “Dynamics of Flight Stability and Control”, Edn. 2, John Wiley, NY, 1982.

4. Mc Cornick B. W, “Aerodynamics, Aeronautics and Flight Mechanics”, John Wiley, NY,

1995.

OTHER REFERENCES:

1. Raymer: Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach

2. Introduction to flight :Andresen (Power available and power required curves)

WEB SOURCES

W1. http://nptel.ac.in/.

W3 https://swayam.gov.in/
 COURSE OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

OBJECTIVES

To study the performance of airplanes under various operating conditions and the static and dynamic
response of aircraft for both voluntary and involuntary changes in flight conditions.

COURSE OUTCOME
BT LEVEL
Course Course Outcomes

Code On Successful completion of the course, Students will be able to,

C312 Know about the forces and moments that are acting on an aircraft, the different types of drag,
Remember
drag polar, ISA, variation of thrust, power, SFC with velocity and altitude.

C312 Have Analysis and understanding about performance in level flight, minimum drag Analysis
and power required, climbing, gliding and turning flight, v-n diagram and load
factor.

C312 Knowledge about degrees of stability, stick fixed and stick free stability, stability criteria, Analysis
effect of fuselage and CG location, stick forces, aerodynamic balancing.

C312 Analysis and Understanding about lateral control, rolling and yawing moments, static Understand
directionalstability, rudder and aileron control requirements and rudder lock.

C312 Understanding about dynamic longitudinal stability, stability derivatives, modes and Understand
stability criterion, lateral and directional dynamic stability.

CO-PO Mapping:

Cos PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
C312.1 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 - 1 1 3 3 3 3 3

C312.2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

C312.3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 - 1 2 3 3 3 3 3

C312.4 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 - 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

C312.5 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 - 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

SUM 14 14 11 11 11 11 13 - 8 9 14 15 15 15 15

AVG 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.6 - 1.6 1.8 2.8 3 3 3 3
 COURSE DELIVERY PLAN

Cumulat
Teaching No of
S. No Topic Name BP. No (WS-V7) ive
Aids hrs hrs
UNIT –I CRUISING FLIGHT PERFORMANCE

1. Intro –cruising flight performance ( T1) 19 BLACK BOARD

1 1

Forces and moments acting ona flight vehicle 1 2

2. (T2) 108 BLACK BOARD /
PPT
3. Equation of motion of a rigidflight vehicle
(T2) 97 BLACK BOARD
1 3

Different types of drag BLACK BOARD 2 5

4. (T1)151-210 /SIMULATED
VIDEO
estimation of parasite drag co- efficient By proper 1 6
5. (T1)176 BLACK BOARD
area method
Drag polar of vehicles from lowspeed to high 1 7
6. (T3)14 BLACK BOARD
speeds
Variation of thrust for air breathing engines 1 8
7. (T1)328 BLACK BOARD

Variation of velocity for air breathing engines (T1)333 1 9

8. BLACK BOARD

Variation of altitudes for air breathing engines (T1)334 1 10

9. BLACK BOARD

Performance of airplane in level flight BLACK BOARD 2 12

10. ( T1) 24 /SIMULATED
VIDEO
11. Problem solving of level flight (T1) 209, 281 & 355 TUTORIAL
2 14

Power available and power required curves & OTHER REFERENCES 2 1 15

12. BLACK BOARD
power required
UNIT II MANOEUVERING FLIGHT PERFORMANCE

13. Intro Maneuvering flight performance (T3) 298 BLACK BOARD 1 16

14. Range and endurance (T1) 378, 385 BLACK BOARD 1 17
Climbing and gliding flight BLACK BOARD
15. (T1) 369 /SIMULATED 2 19
VIDEO
16. Problem solving (T1) 408 TUTORIAL 1 20
17. Take-off and landing (T1)357 BLACK BOARD 2 22
18. Problem solving (T1) 408 TUTORIAL 1 23
19. Turning performance (Turningrate turn radius) (T1) 370 BLACK BOARD 1 24
20. Problem solving (T1) 408 TUTORIAL 2 26
21. Bank angle and load factor (T1) 375 BLACK BOARD 1 27
https://www.aviation.govt.n BLACK BOARD /
22. limitations on turn z/licensing-and- PPT
1 28
 certification/pilots/flight-
training/flight-instructor-
guide/maximum-rate-turns/
OTHER REFERENCES 1 BLACK BOARD /
23. V-n diagram PPT
1 29
OTHER REFERENCES 1 BLACK BOARD /
24. V-n diagram (class 2) and load factor PPT
1 30
UNIT –III STATIC LONGITUDINAL STABILITY

Intro - Longitudinal Stabilityand Control BLACK BOARD /

1 31
25. ( T2 ) 131 PPT

Degree of freedom of rigid bodies in space BLACK BOARD /

( T2 ) 134, ( R3) 93 ,120 1 32
26. PPT

Static and dynamic stability BLACK BOARD /

1 33
27. (T2) 39 PPT

Purpose of controls in airplanes BLACK BOARD /

1 34
28. (T2 )212 PPT

Inherently stable and marginal stable airplanes BLACK BOARD /

(T2) 220 1 35
29. PPT

Static, Longitudinal stability BLACK BOARD /

( T2 ) 42,147 (R3) 1 36
30. PPT
33
Stick fixed stability
( T2 )42
BLACK BOARD / 1 37
31. PPT
Basic equilibrium equation & Stability criterion https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu
/viewdoc/download?doi=10. 2 39
32. 1.1.497.340&rep=rep1&typ
BLACK BOARD
e=pdf
Effects of fuselage and nacelle 2 41
33. OTHER REFERENCES BLACK BOARD

Influence of CG location & Power effects

( R3 )74
1 42
34. PPT/VIDEO

Stick fixed neutral point & Stick free stability BLACK BOARD 2 44
35. ( T2 ) 155
Hinge moment coefficient & Stick free neutral BLACK BOARD 1 45
36. (R3) 33
points
UNIT –IV LATERAL AND DIRECTIONAL STABILITY

Intro –lateral and directional stability BLACK BOARD 1 46

37. (T2) 181,193
Dihedral effect BLACK BOARD 1 47
38. ( T3 ) 341

Lateral control BLACK

BOARD/SIMULAT 1 48
39. (R3) 76 ED VIDEO

Coupling between rolling andyawing moments BLACK BOARD

40. (T2)192 2 50
41. Adverse yaw effects T2(188) BLACK 1 51
 BOARD/SIMULAT
ED VIDEO

Problem solving BLACK BOARD

42. (T2)201 1 52
Aileron reversal BLACK BOARD
43. (T3 )76 1 53
Static directional stability BLACK BOARD
44. (T2)122 1 54
Weather cocking effect BLACK BOARD
45. ( R3 )77 1 55

Problem solving TUTORIAL

46. (T2)227 1 56
Problem solving TUTORIAL
47. (T2)227 1 57
Rudder requirements BLACK BOARD
48. (R3) 63 1 58
One engine inoperative condition &Rudder BLACK BOARD
49. (T3) 155 2 60
lock
UNIT –V DYNAMIC STABILITY

Intro - dynamic stability BLACK BOARD 1

50. ( R3 )12 61

Introduction to dynamic longitudinal BLACK BOARD 1

51. ( R3 )19 62
stability(continuation)
Modes of stability BLACK BOARD 1
52. ( R3 )24 63
Modes of stability (class 2)continuation BLACK BOARD 1
53. ( R3 )26 64

Effect of freeing the stick BLACK BOARD 1

54. ( R3) 87 65

Brief description of lateral BLACK BOARD 1

55. ( T2 ) 193 66

Brief description of Directional BLACK BOARD 1

56. ( T2 )193 67

Dynamic stability BLACK

57. ( R3 )12
BOARD/SIMULAT 1 68
ED VIDEO

Dynamic stability continuation BLACK BOARD 1

58. ( R3 )12 69

Spiral & divergence BLACK

59. (T2 )193
BOARD/REAL 1 70
TIME VIDEO

Dutch roll BLACK BOARD 1

60. (T2 )193 71

Auto rotation and spin. BLACK BOARD

61. (T2 )193
REAL TIME 1 72
VIDEO
 Problem solving TUTORIAL 2
62. (T2)206 74

63. Problem solving (T2) 206 TUTORIAL

1 75

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT DETAILS

Assessment Number I II MODEL

Topic Nos. 1-18 19-42 1-63

Date

ASSIGNMENT DETAILS
Assignment Number I II III

Topic Nos. 1-18 19-42 1-63

Dead Line

ASSIGNMENT TOPICS:

 Performance of airplane in level flight

 Choose 3 training aircrafts and write specifications about a chosen aircraft (like beechcraft
bonanza,cessna157 &Trinidad TB -20)
 What should pilot do? in One engine in operative conditions during flying

Annexure – I
SEMINAR TOPICS by STUDENTS

Seminar
Descriptive Topic
number
Purpose of controls in airplanes
III

IV Weather cocking effect

V Modes of stability

PREPARED BY VERIFIED BY APPROVED BY APPROVED BY

(Course Coordinator) (Department Head) Vice Principal (Principal)
ANNEXURE - I
 ASSIGNMENTS

ASSIGNMENT – 1
1. Discuss in detail various types of drag in an airplane and methods of minimizing the drag
April/May 2019 (Understanding)
2. lift curve for symmetric airfoil and cambered airfoil April/May 2019 (Evaluate)
3. Plot the variation of lift coefficient and angle of attack and indicate the effect of aspect ratio on
this curve? April/May 2017(Evaluate)

ASSIGNMENT – 2
1. Explain the terms 1. Radius of turn. (2) 2. Aircraft speed. (2) 3. Load factor. (2) 4. Bank
angle. (2) Nov/ Dec 2020 (remembering)
2. What are pull- up and pull- down maneuvers? Nov/Dec 2020 (remembering)

ASSIGNMENT – 3
1. What is the need of aerodynamic balancing? Discuss any four methods Nov/Dec 2018
(remembering)
2. Derive an expression for stick free and stick fixed neutral point April/May 2017(Understanding)
 QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT CODE & NAME: AE8501 FLIGHT DYNAMICS

YEAR / SEM : III/V

UNIT I – CRUISING FLIGHT PERFORMANCE

BT
Q.No Question Competence
Level

PART – A

1. Define Induced drag. Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering

2. What is meant by drag polar? Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering
Among the piston engines, turboprop engines and turbojet engines, which one
3. is the most suitable engine for low speed aircrafts flying at low altitude? Nov/
BTL2 Understanding
Dec 2021
4. What are the conditions for minimum drag of an aircraft? Nov/ Dec 2021 BTL1 Remembering
5. What is drag polar Nov/Dec 2018 BTL1 Remembering
6. Depict the forces acting on an aircraft during steady flight Nov/Dec 2018 BTL1 Remembering
7. Define absolute ceiling and service ceiling Nov/Dec 2018 BTL1 Remembering
Draw the lift curve for symmetric airfoil and cambered airfoil
8.
April/May 2019 BTL2 Understanding
9. Define center of pressure. What is zero lift drag? April/May 2019 BTL1 Remembering
Plot the variation of lift coefficient and angle of attack and indicate the
10.
effect of aspect ratio on this curve? April/May 2017 BTL5 Evaluate
What are the factors which decide the flying path of an airplane as a rigid
11. BTL1 Remembering
body? April/May 2017
What are the different power plants used in airplanes? Which power plant is
12. BTL1 Remembering
most efficient for subsonic airplanes? April/May 2016
13. Define skin friction drag and pressure drag? April/May 2016 BTL1 Remembering
What are the conditions required for maximum drag and minimum power?
14. BTL1 Remembering
April/May 2019
Draw the lift curve for symmetric airfoil and cambered airfoil
15 April/May 2019 BTL5 Evaluate

PART – B

Derive the condition for minimum drag and power required in straight and level
1. flight. Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering

2. Describe the different types of drag experienced by an aircraft. Nov/ Dec 2020
BTL1 Remembering
3. Derive the rigid body equation of motion for a flight vehicle. Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering
Explain how thrust and power varies with change in velocity and
4. altitude Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering
 Consider an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has the following characteristics:
wingspan = 14.85 m, wing area = 11.45 m2, maximum weight 1020 kg, and BTL3 Applying
fuel weight = 295 kg. The power plant is a Rotax four-cylinder, four-stroke
engine of 85 horsepower driving a two-blade, variable-pitch pusher propeller.
5. Assume that the Oswald efficiency factor is 0.7, the zero-lift drag coefficient is
0.03, the propeller efficiency is 0.9, and the specific fuel consumption is 0.2 kg,
of fuel per horsepower perhour. Calculate the maximum velocity of the
Predator at sea level. Nov/ Dec 2021
A glider having W = 2000 N, s = 8.0 m2, Aspect Ratio = 16, e = 0.95, and CD0 = 0.015 is BTL3 Applying
6. launched from a height of 300m. Determine the maximum range, corresponding glide
angle, forward velocity, and lift coefficient at sea level. Nov/ Dec 2021
Discuss in detail various types of drag in an airplane and methods of
7. BTL2 Understanding
minimizing the drag April/May 2019
Derive condition for minimum thrust and power required in straight and BTL3 Applying
8. level flight (April/May 2019)
Derive expression for the equation of motion of a rigid airplane (Nov/Dec BTL3 Applying
9. 2018)
With suitable plots explain the variation of thrust and SFC with velocity and
10 BTL2 Understanding
altitude for air breathing engines (Nov/Dec 2018)
For an aircraft in straight and level flight. Show that P/Pmin = (3+n4)/4n Where
11. P is power of aircraft (April/May 2017) BTL2 Understanding
Describe different types of drag and their estimation with suitable sketch
12. (April/May 2018) BTL2 Understanding
Considering a steady flight determine the expression for drag polar and thrust
13. required. (ii) Mention the condition for minimum power required for a flight. BTL2 Understanding
What are its implications of it? (April/May 2018)
PART - C

Explain the relationship between the lift and its drag on an aircraft from
1. BTL2 Understanding
low speed to high speeds using drag polar Nov/ Dec 2020
Engine manufacturers are constantly trying to reduce Thrust Specific BTL3 Applying
Fuel Consumption (TSFC) in order to reduce the weight of fuel consumed
for a given flight of given time duration. By reducing the fuel weight, the
payload weight can be correspondingly increased. However, design
changes that result in reductions in TSFC also frequently result in slight
increases in the engine weight itself, which will then reduce the payload
weight. The break-even point is where the decrease in fuel weight is
exactly cancelled out by the increase in engine weight, giving no increase
in the payload weight. Designating the new reduced thrust-specific fuel
2.
consumption by and the new weight of
the
airplane increased by the increase in engine weight by,

where f  and w  are small fractional values, prove that the break
-even
point for changes in engine weight and TSFC are given by
 where W and Wf are the average weight of the airplane during, cruise
and the weight of fuel used during cruise, respectively, both before any
design perturbation in engine weight or TSFC, and t is the total cruising
time of flight. Nov/ Dec 2021
Describe different types of drag and their estimation with suitable sketch
April/May 2019 BTL2 Understanding
3.

UNIT II - MANOEUVERING FLIGHT PERFORMANCE

BT
Q.No Question Competence
Level

PART – A

1 Define range and endurance. Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering

2 Define load factor and explain its significance Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering
3 What is the condition for maximum endurance of a propeller driven
BTL1 Remembering
aircraft? Nov/ Dec 2021
Why longer ground run is required for aircrafts when aerodrome is
4 situated at higher altitudes? Nov/ Dec 2021 BTL2 Understanding
5 Define specific fuel consumption April/May 2019 BTL1 Remembering
6 Define stalling speed April/May 2019 BTL1 Remembering
7 What is bank angle? April/May 2018 BTL1 Remembering
8 What are the main aspects of requirements to be considered in
BTL1 Remembering
airplane design April/May 2018
9 Write shortly about unpowered flight April/May 2017 BTL1 Remembering
10 Write shortly about climbing flight. April/May 2017 BTL1 Remembering
11 Define rate of climb. Nov/ Dec 2017 BTL1 Remembering
12 Draw TR versus V graph of turbojet airplane and indicate VmaxE
and VmaxR.init Nov/ Dec 2017 BTL2 Understanding
13 What are the factors affecting the actual efficiency of the propeller
BTL1 Remembering
Nov/ Dec 2018
14 What are the main aspects of requirements to be considered in
BTL1 Remembering
airplane design Nov/ Dec 2018
15 Explain empty weight of an aircraft? Nov/ Dec 2019 BTL1 Remembering
16 Draw PR versus V graph of turbo propeller airplane and indicate
VmaxE and VmaxR. in it Nov/ Dec 2019 BTL2 Understanding
PART – B

1 Derive the Brequet Range and endurance equation for a jet and
BTL1 Remembering
propeller aircrafts. Nov/ Dec 2020
Explain the terms 1. Radius of turn. (2) 2. Aircraft speed. (2) 3. Load
2 BTL1 Remembering
factor. (2) 4. Bank angle. (2) Nov/ Dec 2020
3 Explain V-n diagram with gust loads. Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering
 4 Estimate the maximum rate of climb of the following airplane flying at
sea-level and its angle of climb given: W = 8000 kg, S = 25 m2,
CD =0.018+0.16 2 CL , Thrust= 2500 kg. Calculate also the maximum rate of
BTL5 Evaluate
climb at 5 km (density =0.745 kg/m3) with engine thrust as 1800 kg. Nov/
Dec 2021
An airplane weighing 10000 N is going through such a flight at sea-level BTL3 Applying
5
at a speed of 135 kmph and goes through 90 degrees in 15 seconds The
wing loading(W/S) is 1200 N/m2 and at this speed the lift-to-drag ratio is
10. Calculate the radius of turn, load factor, and the power required. Nov/
Dec 2021
6 Derive Breguet range equation for a jet engine aircraft and discuss
its implications (April/May 2019) BTL2 Understanding
7 Explain with a neat sketch V-n diagram with gust load Nov/Dec BTL1 Remembering
2018
Derive an expression for the landing ground run and discuss its
implication. Also obtain and expression for flare distance April/May BTL2 Understanding
2017
Derive expression for endurance and range for a jet engine
April/May 2018 BTL2 Understanding
9
What is turning performance and minimum radius of turn? Deduce
10 an expression for turning performance and minimum radius of turn BTL1 Remembering
April/May 2018
Derive an expression for maximum rate of climb of a propeller
11 airplane and discuss the parameters influencing the same
BTL2 Understanding
Nov/Dec 2018
12
What are pull- up and pull- down maneuvers? Nov/Dec 2018 BTL1 Remembering
PART – C

1. Show that the maximum rate of climb for a propeller driven airplane BTL3 Applying
is R/Cmax=[(ηpr × p)/w]-VR/Cmax[1.155/(L/D)max]. Nov/ Dec
2020

UNIT III - STATIC LONGITUDINAL STABILITY

BT
Q.No Question Competence
Level

PART – A

1. Define the terms maneuverability and controllability in aircraft. BTL1 Remembering

Nov/ Dec 2020
2. Define neutral point. Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering
3. What is meant by a coordinated turn Nov/ Dec 2021 BTL1 Remembering
4. Will the aircraft dynamically stable when it is statically stable? Justify your BTL5 Evaluate
answer. . Nov/ Dec 2021
5. How do you locate the neutral point in an aircraft April/May 2019 Understanding
BTL2
6. Mention the role of flaps during take-off of an aircraft April/May
2019 BTL2 Understanding
What is meant by „degree of freedom‟ and how many does an
7. aircraft have April/May 2019 BTL2 Understanding
Define Neutral point of an aircraft. What is its significance
8 April/May 2019 BTL2 Understanding
9. Define static Margin April/May 2017 BTL2 Understanding
10. Indicate the center of gravity of a static flight April/May 2018 BTL2 Understanding
11. What are the criteria for static longitudinal stability Nov/Dec 2018 BTL1 Remembering
12. Mention the significance of hinge moment coefficient April/May BTL1 Remembering
2018
13. Define elevator hinge moment Nov/Dec 2018 BTL1 Remembering
BTL2 Understanding
14. With the help of Cm vs CL curve of an airplane, state the stable,
neutral and unstable conditions of it Nov/Dec 2016
15. Define elevator power and write down the elevator power criterion BTL2 Understanding
equation Nov/Dec 2017
PART – B

Explain the influence of CG location towards the stability criterion BTL2 Understanding
1 of an aircraft. Nov/ Dec 2020
Discuss the purpose of different controls in aircraft Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL2 Understanding
2
Explain in detail about inherently stable and marginal stable BTL2 Understanding
aircrafts. Nov/ Dec 2020
3
4 Write a short note on: 1. Stick force (2) 2. Stick force gradient (2) 3. BTL1 Remembering
Stick force per „g‟(2) Nov/ Dec 2020
5 Given the differential equations that follow, BTL3 Applying

where x1 and x2 are the state variables and is the forcing input
to the system.
(i) Rewrite these equations in state space form.
(ii) Find the tree response eigen values
(iii) What do these eigen values tell us about the response of this
system? Nov/ Dec 2021
 BTL3 Applying

Nov/ Dec 2021

7 Derive expression for wing contribution for static longitudinal BTL2 Understanding
stability. Also offer your comment on this expression (April/May
2017)
How does the aft position of the tail affect the stability of the BTL2 Understanding
8 aircraft? Support your theory with appropriate derivation
(April/May 2019)
9 What is the need of aerodynamic balancing? Discuss any four BTL1 Remembering
methods (Nov/Dec 2018)
Derive the elevator hinge moment to determine the static margin for BTL2 Understanding
10 an aircraft April/May 2019
11 Derive an expression for stick free and stick fixed neutral point BTL2 Understanding

April/May 2017
Discuss the power effects on static longitudinal stability for both jet BTL2 Understanding
and propeller airplane Nov/Dec 2018
12
Derive an expression for elevator angle required to trim the airplane BTL2 Understanding
13 at a particular angle of attack Nov/Dec 2018

PART – C

Explain in detail the different modes of Oscillation following a BTL1 Remembering

Disturbance? Also explain in detail the various characteristic modes of
1. oscillation involved in stick fixed and stick free dynamic longitudinal
stability. Nov/ Dec 2021
 UNIT IV - LATERAL AND DIRECTIONAL STABILITY
BT
Q.No Question Competence
Level

PART - A

1. What is dihedral effect? Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering

2. Define adverse yaw and explain how it is controlled by rudder. BTL2 Understanding
Nov/ Dec 2020
3. What is the difference between inherently stable and marginally stable BTL1 Remembering
aircraft? Nov/ Dec 2021
4. Which of the components (viz., fuselage, wings, canards, and control BTL1 Remembering
surfaces)of the aircraft structure contributes destabilizing effect to the
static longitudinal stability for a conventional aircraft. Nov/ Dec 2021
5. Define side slip angle April/May 2019 BTL1 Remembering
6. Differentiate stability from controllability April/May 2019 BTL1 Remembering
7. Define dihedral effect April/May 2019 BTL1 Remembering
8. What is the need for a fin in an airplane April/May 2019 BTL1 Remembering
9. Define rudder lock April/May 2017 BTL1 Remembering
10 What is aerodynamic balancing of an airplane April/May 2017 BTL1 Remembering
11 State the function of a rudder April/May 2018 BTL2 Understanding
12 What is aileron reversal? Give its significance April/May 2018 BTL1 Remembering
13 Define power of lateral or aileron control. April/May 2018 BTL1 Remembering

14 How to avoid rudder lock? Nov/ Dec 2017 BTL2 Understanding

15. What is the criterion to keep the directional stability with stick- BTL1 Remembering
free above certain limit or not to lose much? Nov/ Dec 2017

16. How the floating rudder (stick-free) affects the directional stability? BTL2 Understanding

Nov/ Dec 2016

PART – B

Explain the coupling between rolling and yawing in detail. Nov/ BTL1 Remembering
1 Dec 2020
2 Describe requirements of rudder in detail. Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL2 Understanding
3 Write short notes on 1. Aileron reversal (3) 2. Rudder lock (3) Nov/ BTL1 Remembering
Dec 2020
Write short note on one engine inoperative condition in Aircraft. BTL1 Remembering
4 Nov/ Dec 2020
 5 BTL3 Applying
The transfer function for an aircraft cruising at an altitude of 9 km and
0.46 Mach follows, Find the natural frequency, damping ratio, damped
frequency, and time constant for the short period and phugoid modes
Nov/ Dec 2021
6 Write a short note on the following: (13) BTL1 Remembering
(i) Elevator power
(ii) Most forward C.G. for free flight
(iii) Stick free neutral point
(iv) Aileron reversal
(v) Aileron control power Nov/ Dec 2021
7 Quantitatively explain the condition of different components of BTL1 Remembering
aircraft towards directional stability and explain directional
control April/May 2019

8 Briefly explain Aileron reversal, One engine inoperative condition BTL1 Remembering
and Rudder lock April/May 2019

9 Discuss the contribution of various components of lateral stability BTL2 Understanding

April/May 2017

10 Effect of following to directional stability (i) Wing, (ii) engine power, BTL2 Understanding
(iii) vertical fin April/May 2017

11 Deduce expression for directional stability due to wing sweep and BTL2 Understanding
rudder control April/May 2018

12 What is weather cocking effect? Mention its characteristics BTL2 Understanding

April/May 2018

13 Discuss with suitable example the coupling between rolling and BTL2 Understanding
yawing moment Nov/Dec 2018

14 Explain requirements of Rudder in detail Nov/Dec 2018 BTL2 Understanding

PART - C

Describe about coupling and rolling moments in aircraft Nov/Dec BTL2 Understanding
1 2018

Brief on lateral control of aircraft April/May 2017 BTL2 Understanding

2

UNIT V - DYNAMIC STABILITY

Q.N
Question BT Level Competence
o

PART - A
1. Define Autorotation. Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering
2. Define Dutch roll. Nov/ Dec 2020 BTL1 Remembering
3. What is meant by Rudder lock? Nov/ Dec 2021 BTL1 Remembering
4. What is meant by Dutch roll and what is its significance? Nov/ Dec 2021 BTL1 Remembering
5. What is Dutch roll April/May 2019 BTL1 Remembering
6. Define load factor April/May 2019 BTL1 Remembering
7. What are stability derivatives and what is its significance April/May BTL1 Remembering
2019
8. Represent a system that is statically stable but dynamically unstable BTL2 Understanding
April/May 2017
9. What are the parameters that affect phugoid mode? April/May 2017 BTL1 Remembering
10. List the modes of Stability April/May 2018 BTL1 Remembering
11. Mention the difference between static and dynamic stability BTL1 Remembering
April/May 2018
12. What is keel effect Nov/Dec 2018 BTL1 Remembering
13. What is meant by weather cocking effect? BTL1 Remembering

14. What is the need for aerodynamic balancing? BTL1 Remembering

15. Distinguish between stability and controllability. BTL4 Analyze

16. State two basic requirements of aircraft control surface. BTL2 Understanding

17. How to get out of the spin smoothly? BTL1 Remembering

18. Briefly explain the spinning of an aircraft. BTL1 Remembering

19. Define spiral divergence in dynamic stability? BTL1 Remembering

20. What is proposing mode of dynamic motion? BTL1 Remembering

PART – B

1 Explain the following : 1. Stick free condition (4) 2. Spiral BTL1 Remembering
divergence (3) 3. Dutch roll (3) 4. Phugoid motion (3)

Nov/ Dec 2020

2 Write short notes on: 1. Modes of stability (5) 2. Spin & recovery BTL1 Remembering
from spin (5) 3. Autorotation (3)
Nov/ Dec 2020
 The transfer function given below is for one of the longitudinal dynamic BTL3 Applying
3
responses (SPO) of angle of attack of aircraft for elevator control
input

Find the natural frequency and damping ratio for this mode. Using the
final value theory or otherwise, find the steady state value of angle of
attack in response to step elevator input of 3 deg
Nov/ Dec 2021
4 The characteristic equation of coupled longitudinal and lateral- BTL3 Applying
Directional aircraft motion is known to be an 8th order equation. A
typical
set of 8 roots of such a characteristic equation for some flight condition
is
given below:

Nov/ Dec 2021

5 BTL2 Understanding
Explain in detail the phenomenon of autorotation and spin and
discuss how the pilot can recover from the situation April/May
2019

6 Quantitatively explain the condition of different components of BTL1 Remembering

aircraft towards directional stability and explain directional
control April/May 2019

Briefly explain Aileron reversal, One engine inoperative condition

7 BTL2 Understanding
and Rudder lock April/May 2017

Write short note on (i) phugoid mode, (ii) dutch roll, (iii) routh’s BTL2 Understanding
criterion April/May 2017

9 The statically stabled aircraft may be dynamically stable or BTL2 Understanding

 unstable. Similarlly dynamically stable aircraft may be statically
stable or unstable. Are both statements true? Discuss various
stability derivatives relevant to longitudinal dynamic stability
April/May 2017

10 Write short notes on (i) Spiral and directional divergence (ii) BTL1 Remembering
Stability derivatives in longitudinal dynamics April/May 2017

*******************************all the best ************************************