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org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)

SMART PARKING SYSTEM USING IOT

1
Yashwanth Gowda M, 2Venkatesh B, 3Pavan U, 4Sanjay L, 5Chiranth L N
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Undergraduate Student, 5Assistant Professor
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Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,
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SJB Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, INDIA

Abstract: This project's goal, "SMART PARKING SYSTEM USING IOT," is to give car owners access to free parking
spaces while reducing traffic. Cities with rapid urbanization have problems. This issue can be solved by utilizing RFID
technology along with an early parking slot booking option and a contemporary smart parking website. To regulate every
aspect of the smart parking system's operation, an ESP WROOM 32 microcontroller is employed. Infra-red, the use of
sensors allows for the determination of whether a vehicle is in or out of the slot. We can increase revenue for the organization
by installing our smart parking system in important cities. For the end users, it's incredibly simple to keep track of all
parking activity.

Index Terms - ESP WROOM 32, RFID, Infra-red Sensors, Website.

I. INTRODUCTION

In the growing countries like India, China, Russia etc. The volume of Vehicle is increasing in exponentially. The Automobile
markets are growing gigantically which increases in parking issues which may leads to high traffic in major cities. And directly or
indirectly which consumes the fuel like Petrol and Diesel in large amount. Keeping this issue in our mind we came across the idea
of implementing smart parking system using Iot. With the help of early parking slot booking process and save time, money, and
fuel for the vehicle owner. Which indirectly support owner’s economics.

Utilizing low-cost sensors, real-time data, and applications that let users monitor available and unavailable parking spaces
constitutes smart parking. Automating and cutting down on time spent manually looking for the best parking floor, spot, or even lot
is the aim. users can track availability and unavailable content The Internet of Things (IOT) is the networking of physical items that
have electronics integrated into their architecture to communicate and detect interactions with one another or the surrounding
environment. Future IOT-based technology will provide higher degrees of services and essentially alter how people live their daily
lives. Among the many categories where this may be seen are improvements in medical, technology, gene therapies, agriculture,
smart cities, and smart homes. Web development is the work involved in developing a website for the Internet (World Wide Web)
or an internet (a private network). Web development can range from

creating everything from basic plain text pages to large online apps, electronic stores, and social network services. Web
engineering, Web design, Web content creation, client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, Web server and network security
setup, and e-commerce development may all be included in a more extensive range of duties that are often referred to as Web
development.

Reducing the amount of time and bother required to find an open parking place is one objective of smart parking systems. In
addition to reducing CO2 emissions, noise, and other pollutants, being able to precisely direct a car to an open place has several
positive environmental effects. There are regulations regarding parking in every city and on every street. Cities place a lot of value
on parking spots. A city must have adequate parking spots to give its citizens and tourists a place to leave their vehicles. A city
needs to cater to the demands of the drivers because vehicles are a major component of transportation. utilizing a website or app to
assist drivers in finding parking quickly and easily. providing details to parking inspectors so they can find offences. encouraging
individuals to utilize alternative forms of transportation when parking is a problem.

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A. Objective

• The main objective of our is to provide secured parking space for the users in metropolitan cities. And to save time
for the vehicle owner to search the parking slots.

• The aim of implementing Smart parking system is to provide secured parking platform given for the vehicle
owners.

• Another objective of project is to save the fuel, which is consuming while owner searching for the right parking
slot. It avoids the Traffic contingencies.

II. MOTIVATION

This section discusses possible challenges or blockers that can occur while making the smart parking system. One of the main
repercussions of population expansion, particularly in metropolitan areas, is the increase in city traffic. Because of this, trying to
find a parking space at busy times is not only time-consuming but also wasteful of gasoline. The drivers' constant quest for a suitable
parking space increases traffic. Increased vehicle exhaust volume has a detrimental effect on the environment. Therefore,
reservation-based smart parking is now a must.

III. METHODOLOGY

The functional block diagram-based smart parking system using Iot consist of ESP WROOM 32 Microcontroller, RFID reader
module with tags, IR sensors, 12V DC Motors, 16*2 Liquid Crystal Display, H Bridge, Transistor – Transistor Logic USB and 12V
Power Supply is given to the system. RFID reader module is used to authentic the user. When the user scans the RFID tag over
RFID reader module. It read the RFID tag details and Data send to Backend through ESP WROOM 32 via TTL USB (serial
communication). Where data of user is stored in database while user booking the slot in website. If the data is correct, then
Microcontroller allows 12V DC motor open’s the gate to user to enter parking slot. 16*2 LCD is used to guide or instruct the user
in each step. IR Sensors detects the presence and Absence of the vehicle in the respective parking slot.

A. Functional Block diagram

Figure 1. Block Diagram

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B. Circuit diagram

Figure 2. Circuit Diagram

This figure 2 shows the circuit diagram of smart parking system using Iot. LCD display takes the output from the ESP 32 board
digital input/output pin number 4, 5, 18, 19, 2 and 15 where enable pin is connected to Pin no.32 in ESP 32, reset pin is connected
to Pin.no 15, Pin.no 4, 5, 18 and 19 are connected to the digital pins of LCD D4, D5, D6, and D7 respectively, The four IR Sensors
pins are connected to the digital input/output pins 25,33, 32 and 35 and pins of ESP 32. The RFID Reader module Transmitter pin
(TX) pin is connected to Receiver pin (RX0) pin of ESP 32. The Transmitter pin (TX) and Receiver pin (RX) serial pins of TTL
USB is connected to Receiver pin (RX2) and Transmitter pin (TX2) pins of ESP-32 respectively. IN1 and IN2 pins of 12V DC
Motor-1 pins are connected to 26 and 27 pin of ESP-32. IN1 and IN2 pins of 12V DC Motor-2 pins are connected to 12 and 14 pin
of ESP-32.

IV. IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART PARKIG SYSTEM USING IOT

The Smart parking system using IOT, consist of two major parts.
 Smart parking Website
 Smart parking Hardware implementation

A. Smart Parking Website

User must book the slot’s, through our Smart parking system website. In ordered to book the slot user has follow some procedure.

1) Registration and Login

User must one time registration once registration complete. The user has to login with login credentials like user ID and
password.

Figure 3. Registration Page

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Figure 4. Login Page

2) Area selection and Slot booking

Once registration and Login procedure completed user must select the available parking area on the website and select the
desired parking slot.

Figure 5. Slot Booking Page

In the fig 5. Four slots are available. The Grey colour slot indicates slots are booked. The Green colour slots indicates un-
booked slot. And The Red colour slot indicating booking slot. The user must give sufficient details mentioned in the user detail
form.

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3) Payment

Once user completed the completed the booking procedure. User must pay pre-booking amount through wallet. By giving
information about Wallet card number and CVV.

Figure 6. Payment Page

Once the payment successfully completed user will get booking message to registered number.

Figure 7. Slot confirmation Message

Once the slot booking process completed. All user details are stored in the csv file followed by area name.

Figure 8. Registration Log

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B. Smart Parking Hardware implementation

The ESP 32F collects the sensor data and transfer to Backend through TTL USB. The Backend receives the data from TTL USB
and stores data in CSV file. Whenever any user searches for the parking slot the parking website provides the available parking
slots.

1) ESP WROOM 32: Which collect data from the sensors like IR sensor module, RFID Module and give instruction to LCD,
DC motors. And the Slot status will be updated to Website.

2) Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID): RFID consists of a reader and a tag. Readers are machines that send out radio
waves and take in signals from tags. Data is stored with the use of tags. Tags come in two varieties: passive tags and active
tags. Payment and authentication are performed using 125KHz RFID tags and an EM-18 RFID reader.

3) IR Proximity Sensor: A two-part IR transmitter and IR receiver make up the IR proximity sensor, which is the structural
and functional unit. Even in low light or total darkness, the sensor responds with a very good and consistent quality.

C. Working Model

Figure 9. Working Model

V. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

When the user scans the RFID tag over RFID reader module. It read the RFID tag details and Data send to Backend through
ESP WROOM 32 via TTL USB (serial communication). After that some following cases are discussed below.

Case I: When User details matched.

• Then checks for the arrival time and time entered in website to fine (if applicable)
• Then checks for sufficient balance amount. Present in the wallet.

Case II: When User details is not matched.

• Then user may use wrong RFID tags or no slot’s is registered for that RFID tag.
• The booked slot might be cancelled. Due to over time.

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A. Flowchart

Figure 10. Backend Flow Chart

A. Delay Calculation Flowchart

Figure 11. Delay Calculation Flow Chart

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B. Amount Calculation

Figure 12. Amount Calculation

VI. RESULTS

In figure 8. The user 1, who booked the slot A reached the parking slot on time, so zero fine amount is charged. The user 2, who
booked the slot B reached the parking slot with 10 minutes delay, so 10 rupees fine amount is charged. When, the user decides to
vacate the slot and approaches exit gate. The Exit IR sensors sense the car and ask to scan the RFID again. To calculate the total
duration of parking time in the slot. And checks the available balance and deduct the total bill amount then the exit will open. User
will message alert.

Figure 13. Message Alert about Bill Amount

Once the user left the parking slot, the Slot which previously booked slot will enabled for the other users in Website.

Figure 14: Updated Available Slot in Website

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VII. CONCLUSION

Humanity has long aspired to the idea of smart cities. Since a few years ago, significant progress has been achieved in realizing
smart cities. New opportunities for smart cities have emerged thanks to the development of IoT and cloud technology. The
foundation of creating smart cities has always been the development of intelligent parking structures and traffic control systems.

In this project, we address the parking problem and provide a Smart parking system built on the Internet of Things. The method
that we suggest offers real-time data on the number of parking spaces that are available in a parking location. Our web application
allowed users in remote areas to reserve a parking space for themselves. The project's efforts are aimed at enhancing a city's parking
infrastructure and, as a result, the quality of life for its residents.

VIII. FUTURE SCOPE

With the aid of this programme, automatic fee creation and online fee payment can be made via payment interfaces like Google
Pay, Phone-Pe, Amazon Pay, etc. by scanning the QR code placed in each parking space. providing the customer with
recommendations for local parking spaces and transportation options. Battery charging stations can be installed in each parking lot,
and users can reserve a charging station together with a parking space if they are unable to find the space, they need to park their
cars. Giving discounts, bonuses, or rewards for using the parking system correctly. uses cameras to read license plates to cross-
check the vehicle's information with a database.

REFERENCE

[1] “An IOT based intelligent system for real-time parking monitoring & Automatic billing”- Raid khan, American university
of the middle east, Kuwait-2020 [IEEE International Conference on Informatics, IOT, and Enabling Technologies (ICIOT)]

[2] “An IOT based Smart Outdoor Parking System”-Gokul Krishna. S, Harsheetha. J, Akshaya. S, Jeyabharathi. D Sri Krishna
College of Technology, Coimbatore, India-2021 [7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication
Systems (ICACCS), IEEE]

[3] “IOT based Smart Parking System”- Prof. Punit Ratnani, Assistant Professor Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering NMIMS Mumbai, India-2021 [5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control
Systems (ICICCS), IEEE]

[4] “Embedded IOT Car Parking and Billing System”- Anitha.G, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Sri Krishna College of Technology, Tamil Nādu, India-2021 [7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and
Communication Systems (ICACCS), IEEE]

[5] “An Android Application for Smart Parking with Efficient Space Management”- Akhil Dev. P, Department of CSE Eranad
Knowledge City Technical Campus Manjeri-2018 [ International Conference on Emerging Trends and Innovations in Engineering
and Technological Research (ICETIETR), IEEE]

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