ElEctrical Distribution systEm

Task 7

Youssef Mohammed Saber

Electrical Distribution System

Contents
.............................................................................................................................................................. 0
Chapter 1 : Introduction to Lighting and DIALux evo ...................................................................... 6
Electrical Distribution System........................................................................................................ 6
Main Point Should be considered at Light Design ....................................................................... 6
Definition .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Luminous flux: ............................................................................................................................. 7
Illuminance: .................................................................................................................................. 7
Illuminance Intensity ................................................................................................................... 7
Beam Angel .................................................................................................................................. 7
luminous efficacy ........................................................................................................................ 7
Type of Luminaire ............................................................................................................................ 8
Type Of Celling ............................................................................................................................. 8
Determination of (Wet – Dust) Area ............................................................................................ 8
Decoration .................................................................................................................................... 9
Hight.............................................................................................................................................. 9
Type Of Cover (Diffuser) .............................................................................................................. 9
Factors ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Uniformity Factor ....................................................................................................................... 10
Unified Glare Rating UGR ......................................................................................................... 10
color rendering index ................................................................................................................ 11
Color Temperature ..................................................................................................................... 11
Maintenance Factor: .................................................................................................................. 11
LOR (Light Output Ratio............................................................................................................ 11
Chapter 2 : Lighting AutoCAD ......................................................................................................... 12
Type of load ................................................................................................................................... 12
Normal ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Emergency................................................................................................................................... 12
Critical .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Exist Sign ........................................................................................................................................ 12

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Electrical Distribution System

Wiring .............................................................................................................................................. 13
Notes: .............................................................................................................................................. 13
Switches .......................................................................................................................................... 13
ONE WAY .................................................................................................................................... 13
TWO WAY.................................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 3 : Power Design & MEP Systems ........................................................................................ 14
Power Distribution ........................................................................................................................... 14
➢ Socket................................................................................................................................. 14
➢ Power Socket ..................................................................................................................... 15
➢ Disconnect Switch .............................................................................................................. 15
HVAC System .................................................................................................................................. 16
➢ Split unit .............................................................................................................................. 16
➢ Center Unit ......................................................................................................................... 16
➢ Air Handling Unit ................................................................................................................. 16
Chapter 3: Panel Schedule -CB & Cable Sizing.................................................................................. 17
Distribution Board ............................................................................................................................ 17
Type of Distribution Board ............................................................................................................... 17
According to Its Location and Function .................................................................................. 17
According to Voltage Level ....................................................................................................... 17
Composition of LV Switchboards ..................................................................................................... 17
Circuit Breaker............................................................................................................................... 18
Classification of a circuit breaker ..................................................................................................... 18
IT Protection Curve.......................................................................................................................... 18
Cable Design ................................................................................................................................... 18
..................................................................................................................................................... 18
Electric Cable Construction.......................................................................................................... 18
Electric Cable Design Steps ........................................................................................................ 18
Chapter 4 : Bulk Equipment & Space Program & S ............................................................................ 19
Single Line Diagram ...................................................................................................................... 19
............................................................................................................................................................ 19
Bulk Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 19
Transformer ................................................................................................................................... 20

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Electrical Distribution System

Type of Transformer ........................................................................................................................ 20

➢ According to Voltage Level ................................................................................................. 20
➢ According to Insulation Type ............................................................................................... 20
Special Type of Transformer ........................................................................................................ 21
➢ Parallel Transformer ........................................................................................................... 21
➢ K Factor Transformer .......................................................................................................... 21
Generator ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Types Of Generators.................................................................................................................... 21
➢ According to Voltage Level ................................................................................................. 21
➢ According to Insulation ....................................................................................................... 21
UPS ................................................................................................................................................. 21
Types of UPS ............................................................................................................................... 21
Chapter 5: D-VD & SC Calculations, SLD, Tie-in, and BOQ ............................................................... 22
Voltage Drop Methods ..................................................................................................................... 22
Rules should be considered in Voltage Drop Calculation ................................................................ 22
Short circuit Calculation ................................................................................................................... 22
The major reasons for electrical short circuits include the following: ............................................... 22
Types of Short Circuits .................................................................................................................... 23
Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Faults: ................................................................................. 23
Unsymmetrical Faults................................................................................................................ 23
Chapter 7 : Method Statement ............................................................................................................ 24
Basic Definition ............................................................................................................................. 24
▪ Architecture Zero Level: ............................................................................................................ 24
▪ Finish floor Level ....................................................................................................................... 24
▪ Clear height ............................................................................................................................... 25
Calculation of Clear Height ....................................................................................................... 25
Slab on grade................................................................................................................................. 26
Builder's Work Drawings .............................................................................................................. 26
Composite DWG ............................................................................................................................ 26
Tie In ............................................................................................................................................... 26
sleeve ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Electrical Department Stages .......................................................................................................... 27

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Electrical Distribution System

1st fix: ............................................................................................................................................... 27

2nd fix: .............................................................................................................................................. 27
3rd fix:............................................................................................................................................... 27
Conduit ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Conduit Type .................................................................................................................................. 28
Type of Electrical feeding ................................................................................................................ 29
Embedded System .......................................................................................................................... 29
Exposed system .............................................................................................................................. 29
Back-to-Back Boxes ...................................................................................................................... 30
Sockets........................................................................................................................................... 31
References.......................................................................................................................................... 32

Figure 1 Luminous flux ......................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 2 : Illuminance Intensity ............................................................................................................. 7
Figure 3 :Beam Angel ........................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 4 :Recessed Type ...................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 5 :Surface Mounted Type ........................................................................................................... 8
Figure 6 :Waterproof – Cleanroom Luminaire ....................................................................................... 8
Figure 7 :Down Light ............................................................................................................................. 9
Figure 8 : High Pay Luminaire............................................................................................................... 9
Figure 9 :Opal Diffuser .......................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 10 :High Lover Diffuser .............................................................................................................. 9
Figure 11 : Uniformity Factor Effect ..................................................................................................... 10
Figure 12 : UGR Effect ........................................................................................................................ 10
Figure 13 : color rendering index ........................................................................................................ 11
Figure 14 : Color Temperature ............................................................................................................ 11
Figure 15 :Color Temperature Effect ................................................................................................... 11
Figure 16 :Exist Sign ........................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 17 : THREE Gang ONE WAY................................................................................................... 13
Figure 18 :TWO Gang ONE WAY ....................................................................................................... 13
Figure 19 : One Gang ONE WAY ........................................................................................................ 13
Figure 20 : THREE Gang ONE WAY WP ........................................................................................... 13
Figure 21 : TWO Gang ONE WAY ..................................................................................................... 13
Figure 22 : ONE Gang ONE WAY ...................................................................................................... 13
Figure 23 : Duplex Normal Socket ...................................................................................................... 14
Figure 24 : Single Normal Socket ....................................................................................................... 14
Figure 25 : Single Normal Socket ....................................................................................................... 14
Figure 26 :Duplex Normal Socket WP ................................................................................................ 14

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Electrical Distribution System

Figure 27 : Single Normal Socket WP ................................................................................................. 14

Figure 28 : Single Normal Socket WP ................................................................................................. 14
Figure 29 : Duplex Switched Type Socket........................................................................................... 14
Figure 30 :Single Switched Type Socket ............................................................................................ 14
Figure 31 : Floor Box Type Socket ...................................................................................................... 15
Figure 32 : Power Socket .................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 33:Disconnect Switch............................................................................................................... 15
Figure 34 : Split unit HVAC ................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 35 : FCU .................................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 36 :Central Unit in Roof............................................................................................................ 16
Figure 37 : Distribution Board ............................................................................................................. 17
Figure 38 : Composition of LV Switchboards ...................................................................................... 17
Figure 39 : CB ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 40 IT Protection Curve ............................................................................................................. 18
Figure 41 cable design ........................................................................................................................ 18
Figure 42 : SLD ................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 43 Oil Transformer Type .......................................................................................................... 20
Figure 44 Dry Transformer .................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 45 Parallel Transformer............................................................................................................ 21
Figure 46 Generator ............................................................................................................................ 21

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Electrical Distribution System

Chapter 1 : Introduction to Lighting and DIALux evo

Electrical Distribution System
❖ Lighting Distribution
❖ Power Distribution
❖ Power Schedule
❖ Circuit Breaker – Cable Calculation
❖ Cable Routing – SLD
❖ (Voltage Drop – Short Circuit) Calculation
❖ Earthing

Main Point Should be considered at Light Design

✓ Dimension (3 Dimension + 2 Dimension depend on lighting)
o 3 Basic Dimension (height – width - depth)
o 2 Dimension depend on Lighting (Wall Zone +Work Plan Height)
✓ Luminaire Level
✓ Purpose of Each Room
✓ Luminaire Level According to Code
✓ Type of Luminaire

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Electrical Distribution System

Definition
Luminous flux:
o is a measure of the total amount of light in a light beam in all
Direction in 1 sec.
o consider as measure of the power of visible light produced by a
light source or light fitting.
o It is measured in lumens (lm).

Illuminance:
Figure 1 Luminous flux
o the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is a
measure of how much the incident light illuminates the surface.
o Measure Unit (lux = lm/m2)

Illuminance Intensity
o Amount of Light in One Direction
o Measure Unit (Candelas)

Figure 2 : Illuminance Intensity

Beam Angel
o Measure from the peak of the light's intensity, to where the intensity drops off at around 50%
o measures how light is distributed from the source of illumination onto a Target Area.
o are measured in degrees.

Figure 3 :Beam Angel

luminous efficacy
o It is the ratio of luminous flux to power, measured in lumens per watt.

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Electrical Distribution System

Type of Luminaire
Classification of Luminaire to Many Factor

Type Of Celling
o False Celling (Recessed Type)
o No false Celling (Surface Mounted Type)

Figure 4 :Recessed Type Figure 5 :Surface Mounted Type

Determination of (Wet – Dust) Area

o Area that has Nature of (Wet _ Dust) Condition such
(Kitchen- Garage- Laboratory – Toilets ---etc.)
o Using Waterproof – Cleanroom Luminaire with IP Consideration
o Ex: Area that doesn’t allow existence of bacteria
(ICU – Operating Room – Cardiology – Blood bank - cold Room)

Figure 6 :Waterproof – Cleanroom Luminaire

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Electrical Distribution System

Decoration
▪ Using Down Light
▪ Reception - Lobby – Entrance

Figure 7 :Down Light

Hight
▪ Normal Hight
▪ Factory Hight (Suspended Luminaire) High Pay – Low Pay

Figure 8 : High Pay Luminaire

Type Of Cover (Diffuser)

▪ Opal (Low Lux – Low Glare Factor)
▪ High Lover (Low Lux – Low Glare Factor)

Figure 9 :Opal Diffuser Figure 10 :High Lover Diffuser

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Electrical Distribution System

Factors
Uniformity Factor:
➢ a measure of how "uniform" the light levels are in an area –
➢ Describe the variation between darker and lighter areas.
➢ measured on a scale of (0-1) with higher values being better.

Figure 11 : Uniformity Factor Effect

Unified Glare Rating UGR:

value is an indication of the extent to which luminaires and light sources can cause discomfort to
people depending on their position to the light source.

Figure 12 : UGR Effect

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 Electrical Distribution System

color rendering index

ability of a light source to accurately reproduce the colors of the object it illuminates.
is the measurement of how light affects how you see color.

Figure 13 : color rendering index

Color Temperature
Different lighting technologies provide different color temperatures.
EX: Incandescent offers a warmer light, fluorescent offers a warm to cool color temperature,
measured in the unit of Kelvin. The higher the color temperature the whiter the light will be.

Figure 14 : Color Temperature

Figure 15 :Color Temperature Effect

Maintenance Factor: Describe light losses over time and is also known as the loss factor.
LOR (Light Output Ratio: Describe the total light output of the lighting fixture by the light flux of inside
the lamp

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Electrical Distribution System

Chapter 2 : Lighting AutoCAD

Type of load
Type of load depend on type of feeding as (Normal – Emergency – Critical)

Normal
o All loads Consider as normal except (Emergency – Critical)
o Feeding directly from transformer

Emergency
❖ Loads should be available such light in case of failure or light turned off
❖ Feeding from transformer and Diesel Generator
❖ Take (5-10) seconds to turned on.
❖ Emergency Load should be 25% From Normal Load
Ex:
❖ All Transformer Room
❖ All Electrical Room
❖ Generator Room
❖ LV- MV Switchgear Room
❖ Security Room
❖ Telephone Room
❖ Date Room
❖ WC Room

Critical
❖ Loads That Related to Human life.
❖ Feeding from transformer and Diesel Generator and Center Battery
❖ Ex: Hospitals Critical Room – Exist Sign

Exist Sign
❖ Has Important Rule in Critical Lighting
❖ Always work.
❖ Connected to Battery
❖ Consume (5-8) Watt.

Figure 16 :Exist Sign

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Electrical Distribution System

Wiring
❖ Normal: connected Alone
❖ Emergency – Critical: Connected Together

Notes:
❖ Max Load (10-15) Unit Together (1000watt)
❖ No intersection Between Wiring
❖ Each Type OF luminaire Connected Together
❖ No wiring Through Concrete

Switches
ONE WAY
❖ One Gang ONE WAY
❖ Two Gang ONE WAY
❖ Three Gang ONE WAY

TWO WAY
❖ One Gang TWO WAY
❖ Two Gang TWO WAY
❖ Three Gang TWO WAY

Figure 17 : THREE Gang ONE WAY

Figure 18 :TWO Gang ONE WAY
Figure 19 : One Gang ONE WAY

Figure 20 : THREE Gang ONE WAY WP

Figure 22 : ONE Gang
ONE WAY Figure 21 : TWO Gang ONE WAY

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Electrical Distribution System

Chapter 3 : Power Design & MEP Systems

Power Distribution
➢ Socket
❖ Normal Socket
o Single Normal Socket
o Duplex Normal Socket

Figure 23 : Duplex Normal Socket

Figure 24 : Single Normal Socket

❖ Clean Room Socket

Figureo25 Single CleanSocket
: Single Normal Room Socket
o Duplex Clean Room Socket

Figure 26 :Duplex Normal Socket WP

Figure 27 : Single Normal Socket WP

❖ Switched Type Socket

o Single Switched Type Socket
o Duplex Switched Type Socket
Figure 28 : Single Normal Socket WP

Figure 30 :Single Switched Type Figure 29 : Duplex Switched Type Socket

Socket

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Electrical Distribution System

❖ Floor Box Type Socket

Figure 31 : Floor Box Type Socket

➢ Power Socket
As Normal Socket but with more Ratings for High Power Equipment or Bulk Equipment
Ex: Projector- Hand Dryer – Portable X-ray – Vacuum Machine

Figure 32 : Power Socket

➢ Disconnect Switch
Used Commonly IN MEP System
Ex: HVAC - Fire Fighting System – Electric Motor
Also Used in Medical Room

Figure 33:Disconnect Switch

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Electrical Distribution System

HVAC System
➢ Split unit
o Separately Unit for Specific Area
o Commonly Used in small Area and Residential Load

Figure 34 : Split unit HVAC

➢ Center Unit
▪ Used For Large Building EX: Hospital – Educational Building ......etc.
▪ Contain
o Central Unit in Roof
o Fan Cool Unit FCU in each Room

Figure 35 : FCU
Figure 36 :Central Unit in Roof

➢ Air Handling Unit

▪ As Center Unit but Serve Just one Place
▪ EX: Lecture Hall

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Electrical Distribution System

Chapter 3: Panel Schedule -CB & Cable Sizing

Distribution Board
component of an Electric System that divides an electrical power feed
into Many circuits while providing a protection and control using Fuse –
Circuit Breaker and control Cain. Used for
✓ Protection
✓ Isolation
✓ Control and monitoring
we can use Distribution Board in Figure 37 : Distribution Board

• Lightning Distribution
o LP: for Normal Load
o ELP: For Emergency Load
• Power Distribution
o PP: For Normal Load
o UPP: For Critical Load Feeding From UPS
• DP: for Lighting and Power

Type of Distribution Board

According to Its Location and Function
• MDB: Main Distribution Board
• SMDP: Sub-Main Distribution Board
• FDS: Final Distribution Board

According to Voltage Level

• LV DP: Low Voltage Distribution Board
• MV DP: Medium Voltage Distribution Board

Composition of LV Switchboards
1. enclosure
2. bus-bar system including related insulators and supports.
3. protection and control devices
4. connections
5. auxiliaries.

Figure 38 : Composition of
LV Switchboards

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Electrical Distribution System

Circuit Breaker
• Low Voltage Circuit Braker
• Medium Voltage Circuit Braker

Classification of a circuit breaker

✓ Utilization category: A or B
o category A: not intended for selectivity.
o category B: intended for selectivity. Figure 39 : CB

IT Protection Curve
Curves describe Level of protection in CB : Thermal-magnetic and electronic performance curves

Figure 40 IT Protection Curve

Cable Design

Electric Cable Construction

o Conductor
o Insulation
o Bending Sheath
o Armoring
o Serving
Figure 41 cable design
Electric Cable Design Steps
1. Determine OHTL or UGC and Voltage Level
2. Determine Type of Insulation according To Cable Place
3. Determine Cable Base Current
4. Know the surrounding conditions of Cable to Determine Derating Factor
5. Calculate Cable Rating Current from Catalog
6. Choose The Cable

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Electrical Distribution System

Chapter 4 : Bulk Equipment & Space Program & S

Single Line Diagram

It is Diagram Describe Information of The System as
o Type of Feeding from Source to Load
o Circuit B Breaker of each Panel
o Sizing of Each Cable
o Cable Length
o Process of Cable routing

Figure 42 : SLD

Bulk Equipment
❖ Transformer
❖ Generator
❖ UPS
❖ ATS

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Electrical Distribution System

Transformer
Its consider as device used in Electrical Distribution system to
❖ Help to Transmit Electrical Power in Distribution System and increase Efficiency.
❖ Step-Up / Step Down Voltage
❖ Help in Feeding Electrical Power to Consumer Building

Type of Transformer
➢ According to Voltage Level
o High Power Transformer in substation and Main Station

o Low Power Transformer in Low Level of Distribution

➢ According to Insulation Type

Type Oil Transformer Dry Transformer

Loading Up to 80% Up to 140%
Type Of Oil Air – Air blast
Insulation

Location Outside Building in Special Room Inside Building

Cost Higher than Dry Type Lower than Oil Type
Size Large Lower than Oil Type
Core Size Lower than Dry Type Large
Shape

Figure 43 Oil Transformer Type Figure 44 Dry Transformer

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Electrical Distribution System

Special Type of Transformer

➢ Parallel Transformer
In case of Using many Transformers in the same Project to Increase Reliability
Condition of using Parallel Transformer
▪ Same Vector Group
▪ Same Operating Frequency
▪ Same Phase Sequences
▪ Same Turns Ratio
▪ Same Position of Tap Changer

➢ K Factor Transformer
▪ Special Type Oof Transformer to reduce Harmonics Effect Figure 45 Parallel Transformer
▪ K (1-50) with Increase K factor Increase Harmonics Reduction

➢ Transformer With Large Motor Loades

Generator
▪ In Projects There is Loades That can’t turned off and all this Loads connected to Emergency
Board and Feeding From Generator to Increase Reliability
▪ Generators take from 1 to 10 Seconds to Work

Types Of Generators
➢ According to Voltage Level
- Continuous Operating Power
- Emergency Standby Power
- Prime Power

➢ According to Insulation
- Open Type
- Enclosed Type Figure 46 Generator

UPS
uninterruptible power source : continual power system that provides automated backup electric power
to a load take no time to Work and Feeding Critical Load

Types of UPS
✓ Offline/standby.
✓ Line-interactive
✓ Online/double-conversion

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Electrical Distribution System

Chapter 5: D-VD & SC Calculations, SLD, Tie-in, and BOQ

the voltage at the utilization equipment must be adequate to achieve reliability of electrical system to
steady-state conditions, voltage drop under transient conditions, with sudden high-current,
short-time loads, must be considered.

Voltage Drop Methods

1. Approximate Method
2. Exact Method
3. Voltage Drop Table

Rules should be considered in Voltage Drop Calculation

• From transformer to load that has max distance doesn’t exceed 5%
• From transformer to Distribution Board doesn’t exceed 2.5%
• From Distribution Board to Load doesn’t exceed 2.5%
• To achieve this percentage max distance for load from distribution board max distance doesn’t
exceed 100m.

Short circuit Calculation

A short circuit occurs when there is a low-resistance connection between two conductors that
supply electricity to a circuit.
the power supply would experience an excessive current flow and excess voltage streaming.

The major reasons for electrical short circuits include the following:

1. Wires being chewed through by pests or vermin.

2. If an electrical wire meets water or other fluids

3. Faulty connection in the electrical wiring of appliances

4. Old or damaged outlets, switches, lights, appliances, or other electrical devices

5. Abnormal build-up of electrical currents

6. Walls pierced by nails or screws meet live electrical lines.

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Electrical Distribution System

Types of Short Circuits

Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Faults:
This fault occurs when all the three phases are simultaneously short circuited.

Unsymmetrical Faults
(L-G) fault, phase to phase (L-L) fault and double line to ground (L-L-G) fault.

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Electrical Distribution System

Chapter 7 : Method Statement

Basic Definition

▪ Architecture Zero Level:

o First point Determined by civil Engineer at side before drilling or do anything at site and from
this point we can determined all another point dimension in building referring to this point.
o This point should be known and transfer to another point to Know in each location.

Architecture Zero
Level

+0.0 m

▪ Finish floor Level

o lower level to the floor level of a new building known as the completed floor level.
o About 150 to 450 mm over the regular ground level
o Important to make the water and stormwater don't enter inside the structure
.

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Electrical Distribution System

▪ Clear height
defined as the height of a building from the floor to the bottom
of the ceiling.

Calculation of Clear Height

1. H1= (Height Above Ground floor - Height Above first

floor) refer to Architecture Zero Level
2. Clear Height = H1 - ceiling concrete thickness.
3. Clear Height = 4.7 – 1.2 -0.3 = 3.2 M

3.2 m

Important of known clear height.

o For Electrical Department: calculation of lux to determine luminaire lux.
o For Mechanical Department: calculation for HVAC System

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Electrical Distribution System

Slab on grade
o is a concrete slab in contact with soil. carries the building's load.
o the slab on grade may or may not be a structural load-bearing
element, and similarly, it may be thermally insulated or left as is.

Builder's Work Drawings

means drawings normally prepared by the Contractor for approval by the Consulting Engineer which
show details of work of a structural nature.
Builder's Work should prepare with Electrical Engineer and should indicate all location of foundation,
basses and opening and diminution of electrical point, diminution of water supply point.

To prepare Builder's Work Drawings this requires composite drawing. This includes several type of
drawing

Composite DWG: Drawing include different type of Dwg done after coordination of different
department (MEP) and include several Drawing such:

▪ Concrete drawing
▪ Mechanical Department drawings
▪ Electrical Department Drawings
▪ Shop Dwg

Tie In: consider as main electrical feeder through building and feed all electrical system in building
through sleeve

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Electrical Distribution System

sleeve: consider as a pipe that contain feeder of the electrical

system to take place of conductor during construction process

during insulation of the Electrical Sleeve we should know it

❖ Location
❖ Size
❖ Height Level

Tie and sleeve depend on voltage level

1-MV about-0.8 to -1 refer to Arch Zero Level

2-Mv about -1 to -1.3 refer to Arch Zero Level

Electrical Department Stages

1st fix:
❖ finish all process that include electrician pulling through all the cables and wiring
❖ ex: SOG – builder Work - cable tray

2nd fix:
❖ The electrician pulled through all the cables to various sockets and lights in the positions that
have been agreed with the customer.

3rd fix:
❖ Finish all Electrical Distribution Board
❖ Installation of all devices and wiring devices

Conduit
➢ In cable Routing process we need to place cable in Conduit to make system have Reliability
and accessibility and be easy to maintenance this pipe needs to be Designed depend on many
factor and have different types (plastic or metal)
➢ Conduit must have 40% filling ratio of its volume.
To design pipe with filling ratio
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
1. get area of the cable = × 𝑟2 𝜋
2
2. chose Conduit
𝐴
3. Check that 𝐴 𝐶𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 < 40 %
Conduit

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 Electrical Distribution System

Conduit Type

Type Plastic Metal

Unit Mili meter Inch
Standard (20 − 25 − 32 − 40 − 50 − 75) 𝑚𝑚 3
( − 1 − 1.25 − 1.5 − 2 − 2.5 − 3 )
4
Material Light L – Medium M – Heavy – X heavy Light L – Medium M – Heavy – X
XH heavy XH
Picture

Precast Concrete Vs Site Cast Concrete

➢ site cast
concrete Produced in site with its all component in
different Stages.

➢ pre-cast.
concrete Delivered to site and produced in different
Place

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Electrical Distribution System

Type of Electrical feeding

Embedded System

Exposed system

Why do we need to use Exposed system in some cases?

▪ 1-in case of changing purpose of building
▪ 2-fast track work: work in parallel with civil work
▪ 3- pre-Cast ceiling

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Distribution board

Voltage Phases Single Phase Three Phase

Incoming 220 v 380

Outgoing Single phase 220 v Single phase 220 v

Three phase 380 v

No. of Lines 2P 3P - 2P

Fishbone Feeding
Single Phase: as lines; 3lines =2Way
Three Phase: as a Way; Way = 2Block

Back-to-Back Boxes
▪ Module: 3.5 × 3.5 𝑐𝑚
▪ 2 modules: 7 × 7 𝑐𝑚
▪ 3 Module: 10.5 × 7 𝑐𝑚
▪ 4 Module: 14 × 7 𝑐𝑚

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 Electrical Distribution System

Sockets
Type Simplex Choco MK
Picture

No. of Pins 2 Pin Pin + 2 side earth 2Pin

No of 1 Module 2 Module 2 Module
Modules
Watt 10 Watt 16 Watt 16 Watt

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Electrical Distribution System

References
1. Cri - color rendering index (no date) Ceiling Fans. Available at:
https://www.westinghouselighting.com/lighting-education/color-rendering-index-cri.aspx
2. Technical support (no date) What is UGR? UGR stands for Unified Glare Rating. Available at:
https://www.nvcuk.com/technical-support/view/what-is-ugr-18
3. Philips. Available at: https://www.lighting.philips.com.eg/home
4. Welcome to Legrand Legrand. Available at: https://www.legrand.com/en/landing
5. AC power plugs and sockets (2023) Wikipedia. Available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power_plugs_and_sockets (Accessed: 15 July 2023).
6. Allen, S. (2022) Learn about the 6 major types of HVAC systems, Forbes. Available at:
https://www.forbes.com/home-improvement/hvac/types-of-hvac-systems/ (Accessed: 15 July
2023).
7. (No date a) The different types of distribution boards - explained - linkedin. Available at:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/different-types-distribution-boards-explained-swapnil
(Accessed: 16 July 2023).
8. Marine Electrical Cable, marine power cable manufacturer (2022) YuanYang Cable. Available at:
https://www.yuanyangcables.com/marine-electrical-cable / (Accessed: 16 July 2023).
9. Stiffy fig 410 snap-in trapeze: 400 series slab-on-grade (2018) CEAS. Available at:
https://ceasattachments.com/product/stiffy-fig-410/ (Accessed: 29 July 2023).
10. Builder’s work drawings definition (no date) Law Insider. Available at:
https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/builders-work-drawings (Accessed: 29 July 2023).
11. Martin, L. (2023) Precast concrete or site cast concrete? learn the difference!, Nitterhouse Concrete
Products. Available at: https://nitterhouseconcrete.com/precast-concrete-vs-site-cast-concrete/
(Accessed: 29 July 2023).
12. 28, D.R.M., Rehab, D. and Name (2019) Work procedure for cable pulling - PAKTECHPOINT, ←
PAKTECHPOINT. Available at: https://paktechpoint.com/work-procedure-for-cable-pulling/
(Accessed: 29 July 2023).
13.

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