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Lab 2

This document summarizes a lab task on calculating the bandwidth of a rectangular pulse using Parseval's theorem. It provides the background on Parseval's theorem and defines pulse width and bandwidth. The procedure takes the Fourier transform of a rectangular pulse to get the sinc function frequency response. Matlab code is used to calculate the bandwidth for different pulse widths, verifying the inverse relationship between pulse width and bandwidth. The conclusion presents the key findings that bandwidth contains 90% of signal energy and has an inverse relationship with pulse width as defined by the formula B= 1/Ta Hz.

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32 views6 pages

Lab 2

This document summarizes a lab task on calculating the bandwidth of a rectangular pulse using Parseval's theorem. It provides the background on Parseval's theorem and defines pulse width and bandwidth. The procedure takes the Fourier transform of a rectangular pulse to get the sinc function frequency response. Matlab code is used to calculate the bandwidth for different pulse widths, verifying the inverse relationship between pulse width and bandwidth. The conclusion presents the key findings that bandwidth contains 90% of signal energy and has an inverse relationship with pulse width as defined by the formula B= 1/Ta Hz.

Uploaded by

SHAHZEB AFRIDI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab Task : 02

Submitted By :
Syed Abuzar Hussain Shah
Reg #
SP15-BEE-096
Submitted To:
Sir Ateeq-ul-Anam
Class:
BEE-5A

Dated: 03/04/2017
Problem Statement :
Find the band width of a rectangular pulse, having pulse width ‘ ’, using
Parsaval’s theorem. Also derive a formula for calculating the band width of a
pulse in terms of pulse width in hertz.

Literature Background :
Parseval's theorem usually refers to the total energy of the signal which is
equal to the integral of the square of a function.

Mathematically:

∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) (1)

Or

∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) (2)

These two equations represents the area under the curve of the signal which
defines the energy of the signal.

Pulse Width ( ) is the time interval between the leading edge and trailing edge
of a pulse at a point.
Band Width is the range of frequencies within a given band, in particular that
used for transmitting a signal. Its contain 90% of energy.
We can find pulse width using Parsevals’s theorem. We will also see a
relationship between pulse width and band width at the end of this lab task.

Procedure :
Step 1:

Take a Fourier transform of a rectangular pulse and derive frequency domain


function F(f) (Sinc function), where ‘f’ is frequency in hertz.

Figure No 1: Rectangular Pulse (Frequency Response of Sinc function )


Step 2: Fourier Transform
Now taking Fourier Transform of sinc function and then analyse it using
MatLab.

X(jw) = ∫ ( )

( ) { (3)

⇒ F(w) = ∫

F(w) =

F(w) = [ ]

F(w) = [ ]

F(w) = [ ]

F(w) = [ ]

F(w) = ( )

F(w) = ( )

F(w) = ( )

F(w) = ( )

Step 3: Matlab Coding:


clc
clear all
close all

Ta=input('Enter pulsewidth (from 0 to 1) = ')


df=0.001;
f=0;
Ef=0;

while ((Ef/Ta)*100)<45
F=Ta*sinc(f*Ta);
y=sum((F^2)*df);
Ef=Ef+y;
f=f+df;
end
B=f*2;
disp(['B = ' num2str(B) 'Hz'])

Step 4: Input and Output:


Enter pulsewidth (from 0 to 1) = 0.1

Ta =

0.1000

B = 16.94Hz

Enter pulsewidth (from 0 to 1) = 0.4

Ta =

0.4000

B = 4.212Hz

Enter pulsewidth (from 0 to 1) = 0.5

Ta =

0.5000

B = 3.364Hz

Enter pulsewidth (from 0 to 1) = 0.9


Ta =

0.9000

B = 1.856Hz

Analysis and Observation:


In this lab I observed the changing behaviour of the bandwidth of a signal with
changing pulse width. I find out the relation between bandwidth and pulse width
which is :

B (4)

Table No 1:

S.NO Pulse Width ‘ ’ in second Band Width in Hertz


1 0.1 16.94
2 0.4 4.212
3 0.5 3.364
4 0.9 1.856
Question & Answers :
Q1) Based on the above exercise, what can be possible definition of
bandwidth ?

Ans. Bandwidth can be defined as the range of the frequencies within a given band
containing 90% of energy that is used for transmission of a signal.

Q2) What is the relationship of proportionality between pulse width and


band width ?

Ans. Pulse width and Bandwidth are inversely proportional to each other. As
one quantity(pulse width) increases, second one(band width) decreases.
As mentioned in eq (1) and Table no 1.

Conclusion:
 From this lab I concluded that Bandwidth having 90% energy of the
signal.
 Also pulse width and band width have inverse relation. Increase in one
cause other to decrease.
 We can calculate the energy of the signal by Parseval’s Theorem.
 We can find Bandwidth from pulse width by formula:
B= Hz

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